WestminsterResearch http://www.westminster.ac.uk/westminsterresearch Prospects in Britain in the light of the Bus Services Act 2017 White, P. This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Research in Transportation Economics, 69, pp. 337-343. The final definitive version is available online: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2018.03.003 © 2018 Taylor & Francis The WestminsterResearch online digital archive at the University of Westminster aims to make the research output of the University available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the authors and/or copyright owners. Whilst further distribution of specific materials from within this archive is forbidden, you may freely distribute the URL of WestminsterResearch: ((http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/). In case of abuse or copyright appearing without permission e-mail
[email protected] Prospects in Britain in the light of the Bus Services Act 1. Historical background 1.1 The express coach experience Under the Transport Act of 1980, express coach services in Britain were ‘deregulated’, removing controls on pricing, capacity and route licensing, although quality controls on operators were strengthened. The outcomes were generally regarded as successful in terms of stimulating ridership, lower fares and service innovations. Subsequent changes in other European countries such as Norway, Sweden, France and Germany can be seen as implementing similar policies, also with positive outcomes. A review of the British case is provided by White and Robbins (2012). It is noteworthy, however, that despite apparent ease of entry by smaller operators, the main competition is inter-modal (with rail and car), and clearly dominant operators have emerged within the coach sector.