U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Map Showing , Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of Europe including Turkey

Compiled by Mark J. Pawlewicz1, Douglas W. Steinshouer3 and Donald L. Gautier2

Open File Report 97-470I

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.

1 U.S. Geological Survey, MS 939, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 2 U.S. Geological Survey, MS 975, Menlo Park, CA 94025 3 Contractor to the U.S.G.S., MS 939, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225

Portions of this database covering the coastline and country boundaries contain intellectual property of Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), and are used herein with permission. End users are permitted to use these data for their own internal use, including any derivative work, but are prohibited from using and redistributing these data individually or in a derivative work to third parties. Portions covering the and Turkey contain intellectual property of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) ©1971. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 97-470I Map Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of Europe including Turkey

Table of Contents

Preface

Introduction

Data Processing Steps

Primary References

Geologic Provinces of Europe including Turkey, Sorted by Province Name

Index Map of Europe including Turkey

Explanation of Geologic Age Units

Map Showing Geologic Provinces, and Oil and Gas Fields of Europe including Turkey

Map Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of Europe including Turkey

Charts Depicting Petroleum Resource Endowment of Geologic Provinces in Europe including Turkey Assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Team. PREFACE

This is one of a series of products resulting from the World Energy Project of the U.S. Geological Survey. Inquiries about this CD-ROM or the Project's effort in the European Region should be addressed to:

Donald L. Gautier (Coordinator, European region) U.S. Geological Survey 345 Middlefield Road, MS 975 Menlo Park, CA 94025 Tel: (650) 329-4909 Email: [email protected]

Inquiries about the World Energy Project's efforts in the Turkey region should be directed to: Thomas S. Ahlbrandt (Coordinator, Middle East and North Africa region) U.S. Geological Survey Box 25046 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Tel: (303) 236-5776 Email: [email protected]

Inquiries about the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project should be directed to: Thomas S. Ahlbrandt (Coordinator, World Energy Project) U.S. Geological Survey Box 25046 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Tel: (303) 236-5776

The authors of the CD were responsible for the following aspects of producing the maps:

Compilation of geologic outcrops: Mark J. Pawlewicz and Douglas W. Steinshouer Attribution of geologic outcrops: Mark J. Pawlewicz and Douglas W. Steinshouer Designation of geologic provinces: Donald L. Gautier, Thomas S. Ahlbrandt, Gordon L. Dolton and Mark J. Pawlewicz GIS input and manipulation: Douglas W. Steinshouer and Mark J. Pawlewicz Map layout design: Douglas W. Steinshouer CD-ROM implementation and design: Douglas W. Steinshouer and Kenneth I. Takahashi Metadata: Douglas W. Steinshouer Coordination: Donald L. Gautier INTRODUCTION

This digitally compiled map includes geology, geologic provinces, and oil and gas fields of Europe including Turkey. The maps are part of a worldwide series of maps on CD-ROM released by the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project. The goal of the project is to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world. For data management purposes the world was divided into eight energy regions corresponding approximately to the economic regions of of the world as defined by the U.S. Department of State. Europe (Region 4) includes Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, , Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and Vatican. The depicted portion of Region 2 includes Turkey. Each region is divided into geologic provinces. Each province has a set of geologic characteristics that distinguish it from surrounding provinces. These characteristics may include the predominant lithologies, the age of the strata, and the structural style. Some provinces include multiple genetically-related basins. Geologic province boundaries are delineated using data from a number of geologic maps and other tectonic and geographic data (see References). Offshore province boundaries are defined by the 2000 meter bathymetric contour. Each province is assigned a unique number. Because geologic trends are independent of political boundaries, some provinces overlap two regions. The code of those provinces that lie entirely within Europe begin with the number 4 and those provinces that lie entirely within Turkey begin with the number 2. The code of those provinces that lie partly within another region may start with a 1, for the Former Soviet Union (Persits and others 1998) or a 2, for Middle East and North Africa (Pollastro , 1998; Persits and others, 1997). The centerpoint locations of oil and gas fields are plotted based on the locations in the Petroconsultants International Data Corp. (1996) database with permission. Selected provinces are currently being investigated, by Total Petroleum analysis, and assessments are being made of the undiscovered oil and gas resource potential of these provinces. Klett and others (1997) discuss the worldwide geologic provinces and their relative ranking in terms of total known petroleum volume. Specific details of the data sources and map compilation are given in the metadata files on this CD-ROM. Some stratigraphic units are combined to simplify the map and to ensure consistency across the region. All rocks are colored by age. Igneous and metamorphic rocks are identified with fill patterns and colors. These maps are compiled using Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI) ARC/INFO software. Political boundaries and cartographic representations on this map are taken, with permission from ESRI's ArcWorld 1:3M digital coverage; they have no political significance and are displayed as general reference only. Portions of this database covering the coastline and country boundaries contain intellectual property of ESRI. (© 1992 and 1996, Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. All rights reserved.) DATA PROCESSING STEPS

The maps on this CD were digitally compiled and abstracted from: International Geological Map of Europe and the Mediterranean Region/ Carte Geologique de l'Europe et des regions riveraines de la Mediterranee, 1971 H. -R. von Gaertner UNESCO, Commission for Geological Map of the World, (UNESCO/CGMW) Scale 1:5,000,000 2 sheets http://www.unesco.org/general/eng/index.html

The following process steps were taken:

1. UNESCO/CGMW source map sheets were scanned, registered and rectified using ESRI Arcworld 1:3M shorelines as reference.

2. Using scanned map images as a backdrop, geologic contacts and faults were digitized, and geologic age polygon labels were attributed in Arc/INFO arcedit using an AML menu interface.

3. The map sheets were produced using Arcmap. The Adobe Portable Document Format was created using the Acrobat Distiller print option in Arcmap.

4. The ArcExplorer and Arcview projects were created with shapefiles produced from the Arc/INFO coverages. Avenue scripts were written to customize the Arcview project for ease of use and maximum performance with large data sets. PRIMARY REFERENCES

Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), 1992, Arcworld Digital Map of the World: ESRI, scales 1:3,000,000 and 1:25,000,000.

Gaertner, H. -R. v., Walther, H.W., Weber, H.S., and Voss, H.-H., 1971, International Geological Map of Europe and the Mediterranean Region/ Carte Geologique de l'Europe et des regions riveraines de la Mediterranee: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and Commission for Geological Map of the World (CGMW), 2 sheets, scale 1:5,000,000.

Klett, T.J., Ahlbrandt, T.S., and Dolton, G.L., 1997, Ranking of World's Oil and Gas Provinces by Known Petroleum Volumes: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 97-463, one CD-ROM.

Klett, T.J., Schmoker, J.W., and Ahlbrandt, T.S., 2000, Assessment hierarchy and initial province ranking: in U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000 - Description and Results: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS 60, 4 CD-ROMs.

Petroconsultants International Data Corp., 1996, Petroleum exploration and production database: Petroconsultants International Data Corp.

U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2000, U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000- Description and Results: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS 60, 4 CD-ROMs. Provinces assigned to Europe including Turkey, sorted by name

Adana/Sivas 2079 Adriatic Basin 4058 Aegean 4075 Alentejo-Guadalquivir Basin 4077 Alps 4051 Andalucia 4088 Anglo-Dutch Basin 4036 Anglo- Basin 4040 Apulia 4059 4045 Araks 2080 Armoricia 4041 Baltic Depression 4021 Baltic -Norwegian Caledonides 4016 Barents Continental Slope 4013 Betic Zone 4078 Bohemia 4046 Bresse Depression 4054 Carpathian-Balkanian Basin 4061 Corsican-Sardinian Basins 4067 Crete 4076 4071 Dobrogean Orogen 4063 Faeroes-Shetland-Orkney Basin 4019 Fennoscandian Border-Danish-Polish Margin 4022 Galician Basin 4073 German-Polish Basin 4033 Hammerfest-Varanger Basin 4015 Hatton-Rockall Basin 4020 Horda-Norwegian-Danish Basin 4023 Iberian Massif 4072 Iberic Cordillera 4083 Ireland-Scotland Platform 4026 Irish Sea 4030 Jura 4052 Kardiff/Menders Massif 2084 Lesser Caucasus 2081 Lion-Camargue 4056 London-Brabant Platform 4037 Lusitanian Basin 4074 4043 Midland Valley-Forth Approaches Basin 4027 Mid-North Sea High 4028 4049 Munsterland Basin 4038 North Carpathian Basin 4047 North Sea Graben 4025 Northwest German Basin 4035 Pannonian Basin 4048 Po Basin 4060 Provence Basin 4068 Pyrenean Foothills- 4044 Rhine Graben 4055 Sicily 4066 Southwest German Basin 4039 Spanish Trough-Cantabrian Zone 4070 Tajo-Duero Basin 4082 Thrace/Samsun 2085 Trans-graben 4053 Transylvania 4057 Troms-Bjornoya Basin 4014 Tuscany-Latium-Paola 4062 Tuz/Corum 2083 Tyrrhenian Basin 4069 Vestford-Helgeland 4017 West Basin 4064 Provinces assigned to other regions, sorted by name

Belorussian-Voronezh High 1004 Black Sea Continental Slope 1107 Dobrogea Foreland 1103 Euphrates/Mardin 2075 Haleb 2076 Kola Monocline-Finnmark Platform 1051 Mediterranean Basin 2070 Pelagian Basin 2048 Rif Basin 2072 Russian Margin 1011 1013 Zagros Belt 2030 Zagros Thrust Zone 2031 Index map of the area depicted in Map Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of Europe including Turkey

Europe and Turkey

Projection: R obinson EXPLANATION OF MAP UNITS AND SYMBOLS

SEDIMENTARY ROCK UNITS

� Undivided Quaternary � Neogene � Undivided Cenozoic � Undivided � Paleogene �� Tertiary- � Cretaceous �� Cretaceous-Jurassic � Jurassic � Undivided Mesozoic �� Jurassic-Triassic �� Mesozoic-Paleozoic � Triassic �� Triassic-Permian � Permian

� Carboniferous �� Upper �� Carboniferous-Devonian Paleozoic � Devonian �� Devonian-Silurian � Undivided Paleozoic � Silurian �� Silurian-Ordovician Lower � Ordovician �� Paleozoic �� Ordovician-Cambrian � Cambrian �� Paleozoic-Precambrian � Undivided Precambrian IGNEOUS AND UNITS (Sedimentary and metamorphic VVVVVV Precambrian rocks are not differentiated) VVVVVV� VVVVVV Quaternary volcanic rocks

VVVVVV VVVVVV� VVVVVV� VVVVVV Cenozoic volcanic rocks VVVVVV Tertiary volcanic rocks VVVVVV

� � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � Cenozoic-Mesozoic VVVVVV � � � � � � � VVVVVV � � � � � � � intrusive rocks VVVVVV Undifferentiated volcanic rocks VVVVVV VVVVVV� VVVVVV � � � � � � � VVVVVV Mesozoic volcanic rocks VVVVVV�� Cenozoic-Mesozoic � � � � � � � VVVVVV � � � � � � � Undifferentiated intrusive rocks volcanic rocks � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Mesozoic intrusive rocks Amphibolites of undetermined age � � � � � � � � Mesozoic metamorphic rocks

�� Mesozoic-Paleozoic

V V V V V V V

V V V V V V

OTHER MAP UNITS V � metamorphic rocks V V V V V V V Paleozoic volcanic rocks

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � Pz � Water less than 200 meters in depth � � � � � � � Paleozoic intrusive rocks � � � � � � � Water between 200 and 1000 meters in depth � Paleozoic metamorphic rocks

�� Paleozoic-Precambrian

V V V V V V V

V V V V V V

V � metamorphic rocks V V V V V V

Water between 1000 and 3000 meters in depth V Precambrian volcanic rocks

� � � � � � � � � � �� � � � Water between 3000 and 5000 meters in depth � � � � � � � Precambrian intrusive rocks � � � � � � �

Water greater than 5000 meters in depth Geologic province boundary Glacial ice province code indicated by red numeral

Unmapped area Geologic contact Political boundary Fault � Selected capital or major city Inferred fault Line of latitude or longitude, Oil field center point two degree interval ����� Gas field centerpoint Thrust fault � � � � Inferred thrust fault Bathymetric depth contour 200 depth in meters indicated by blue numeral U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OPEN FILE REPORT 97-470I U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY o o o o 32o 30o 28o 26o 24o 22o 20o 18 16o 14 12o 10 8o 6o 4o 2o 0 2o 4o6o8o 10o 12o 14o 16o 18o 20o 22o 24o 26o 28o 30o 32o 34o 36o 38o 40o 42o 44o 46o 4015 sin 4013 Ba EXPLANATION anger 5200 Barents t-Var K fes ola Mo Continental Hammer noclin 1051 Slope e-Finn Geologic province boundary, Geologic province assessed in 5029 4014 mark province code indicated by red numeral U.S. Geological Survey World Assessment 2000 Troms- Pla Oil field center point Bjornoya 1051 tform Political boundary 68o Gas field center point Basin Selected capital or major city 66o Line of latitude or longitude, two degree interval 4016 ABOUT THIS MAP

This digitally compiled map is part of a worldwide series of maps on CD-ROM released by the U.S. Geological Survey’s World Energy Project. The goal of the project is to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world. For data management purposes,

o the world was divided into eight energy regions based on political boundaries and corresponding approximately to the economic regions of the 66 world as defined by the U.S. Department of State. This map covers Europe including Turkey, and includes Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, 64o Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and Vatican City. (See index map below.) Iceland The region is divided into geologic provinces (Klett and others, 1997). Each province has a set of geologic characteristics that distinguish it from Reykjavik surrounding provinces. These characteristics may include the dominant lithologies, the age of the strata, and the structural style. Offshore province boundaries are generally defined by the 2000 meter bathymetric contour. Each province is assigned a unique number. Because geologic trends are independent of political boundaries, some provinces overlap two regions and two or more countries. The code numbers of those provinces that lie o Vestford-Helgeland 64 entirely within Europe begin with the number 4. The codes numbers of those provinces that lie within Turkey or the Eastern Mediterranean region begin with the number 2. The code numbers of those provinces that lie parly within another region may start with a 1, for the Former Soviet Union, 62o or a 2 for the Middle East and North Africa. All the provinces are listed in Klett and others (1997). Iceland is not included in any geologic province defined by the U.S. Geological Survey. 4017 4016 Baltic Shield-Norwegian Caledonides Details of the data sources and map compilations are given in the metadata files on the CD-ROM and in the list of References. The center point locations of oil and gas fields are plotted based on the locations in the Petroconsultants database (1996) and are used with their pemission.

This map is compiled using Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) Arc/INFO software.

62o Political boundaries and cartographic representations on this map are taken, with permission, from ESRI (1992), they have no political

o significance and are displayed as general reference only. Portions of this database covering the coastlines and country boundaries contain 60 intellectual property of Envirionmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), copyright (C) 1992 and 1996, Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. all rights reserved. 4016 REFERENCES

Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), 1992, Arcworld Digital Map of the World: ESRI, scales 1:3,000,000 and 1:25,000,000, CD-ROM. 60o Finland Klett, T.J., Ahlbrandt, T.S., and Dolton, G.L., 1997, Ranking of the World’s Oil and Gas Provinces by Known Petroleum Volumes, U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 97-463, one CD-ROM. 58o Norway Klett, T.J., Schmoker, J.W. and Ahlbrandt, T.S., 2000, Assessment hierarchy and initial provinces ranking: in U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000 - Description and Results: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS 60, four CD-ROMs. 4016 Petroconsultants International Data Corp., 1996, Petroleum Exploration and Production Database: Petroconsultants International Data Corp. Helsinki 4019 US. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2000, U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Faroes-Shetland-Orkneys Basin 58o Digital Data Series DDS60, four CD-ROMs, Oslo also available on the worldwide web at http://greenwood.cr. usgs.gov/energy/WorldEnergy/DDS-60. 4020 o 56 Hatton-Rockall Basin 4025 Stockholm 4016 North Sea Graben

Sweden

Europe including 56o Turkey

54o Midland Valley- 4023 Forth Approaches Basin Horda-Norwegian-Danish 4027 Basin Edinburgh 4021 Baltic Depression 4028 Denmark Mid-North Sea High 54o Belfast Copenhagen 1004 4 4030 022 Belorussian-Voronezh High Projection: Robinson 52o Irish Sea 4036 Fe nnoscan 4026 4035 Ireland-Scotland Platform Dublin Northwest German dian Basin B ord Ireland er-Da

o nish-P 52 United Kingdom olish 4033 Ma o German-Polish Basin 50 rgin 1011 4037 1012 Russian o o o o o o o o o Poland Poles Saddle 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 London-Brabant Berlin Craton Cardiff Platform Amsterdam Warsaw Margin London Netherlands Anglo- 4038 Dutch Basin Brussels 48o Bonn 4046 Belgium o 4040 Bohemia 44 Anglo-Paris Basin 1013 Germany Prague 4047 No Luxembourg rth Carp Ukrainian Shield Czech Republic Basin athian Paris 4039 4041 n Southwest German Slovakia 46o Armoricia abe Basin 4048

ans-gr 4049 42o Tr 5 Vienna Bratislava Munich 405 053 France 4 asin Budapest

n lasse B o ra Mo Austria si Pannonian 1103 es Ju Berne o 2 Basin 44 pr 5 Switzerland e 4057 D 40 4051 se Hungary Romania s Alps 4063 4043 e Slovenia West Black o r 40 Massif Central B Ljubljana Zagreb Transylvania Sea Basin Po Black Sea 4 Continental Slope 5 Bucharest 1107 2081 Milan Basin 4064 4073 4070 40 Croatia 1107 4045 Lesser Galician Basin Belgrade Black Sea Caucasus Aquitaine Basin 4060 4051 Continental Slope 42o Spanish Trough- Alps Bosnia Cantabrian Zone and 4061 Pyr Herzegovina 4 e 4056 Carpathian- 044 nean F 2060 Lion-Carmargue n o o Balkanian 38 othil Monaco su Araks l am s-E Basin S br o B Marseilles a race/ sin Portugal 4082 Andorra 4051 Montenegro Serbia Sofia Th Tajo-Duero Basin Andorra la Vella Alps 2085 Podgorica Bulgaria o 40 Italy Istanbul Zagr Skopje 2031 os T 4083 4067 hrus Former t Zone Iberic Cordillera 4058 Yugoslav Turkey Rome Republic of 1 4068 3 o Adriatic Basin Macedonia 2081 36 4074 Madrid Provence Basin Tirane 20 40 2083 Lesser 2030 Lusitanian Basin 6 2 T Tuz/Corum Caucasus Zagros Fold Belt u Lisbon sc Spain Corsican- an 40 o y- 5 Albania 38 L 9 Ap 2084 4072 Sardinian ati um ulia 2075 Basins P Kardiff/Menders Massif Iberian Massif -P la ao tfo Greece Euphrates/Mardin 4077 la rm Alentejo- 4078 o 4069 2076 34 Guadalquivir Betic Zone 4071 Tyrrhenian 4075 Haleb Basin Basin Dinaric Alps Aegean Athens 2079 o 4088 Adana/Sivas 36 cia Andalu

2072 Nicosia Rif Basin Cyprus 32o 2063 4066 Rabat Sicily Basin 34o 4076 2070 Valetta Mediterranean Basin Malta 2070 Crete SCALE 1:5,000,000 This map is preliminary and has not been reviewed 2048 Mediterranean Basin 0 100 200 300 400 500 Miles for U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and nomenclature. Pelagian Basin Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and 30o 0 100 200 300 400 500 Kilometers does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.

o o o 8o 6o 4o 2o 0 2o 4o6o8o10o 12 14o 16o18o20o 22o 24o 26o 28o30o32o34o36o 38o 40o 42 Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic with Two Standard Parallels at 30 degrees North and 60 degrees North Latitude INTERIOR - GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - DENVER, CO - 2002 Central Meridian: 12 degrees East Longitude U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OPEN FILE REPORT 97-470I U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

o o o o o o o o 32o 30o 28o 26o 24o 22o 20o 18o 16o 14o 12o 10o 8o 6o 4 2 0 2o 4o 6o 8 10 12o 14o 16o 18 20o 22o 24o 26o 28o 30o 32o34o36o 38o 40o 42o 44 46 4015 EXPLANATION OF MAP UNITS AND SYMBOLS 5200 1051

o o o o o o o o o oo o oo 200 UNITS 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 4013 Barents Sea Undivided Quaternary o 5209 80 Neogene Undivided Cenozoic 1051 68o Undivided Tertiary o 66 4014 Paleogene 80o Tertiary-Cretaceous Cretaceous Cretaceous-Jurassic Jurassic Undivided Mesozoic 4016 Jurassic-Triassic Mesozoic-Paleozoic Triassic Triassic-Permian

00 Permian 0 0 3 0 0 o 0 20 66

0 o 1 0

0 78

0

0 2

o 1 Upper Paleozoic 64 Carboniferous Carboniferous-Devonian 78o Devonian Undivided Paleozoic 4012 Devonian-Silurian 4016 Silurian Reykjavik 4013 Silurian-Ordovician 4011 Ordovician Lower Paleozoic Ordovician-Cambrian

0 0 Cambrian 0 o 2 1 64 Paleozoic-Precambrian 00 Undivided Precambrian o o 62 10 76 IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCK UNITS 00 (Sedimentary and metamorphic 4017 Precambrian rocks are not differentiated) 76o Svalbard Cenozoic volcanic rocks 10o 12o 14o 16o 18o 20o 22o 24o 26o 28o Cenozoic-Mesozoic 0

0 2 intrusive rocks 0 0 Undifferentiated volcanic rocks 2 Mesozoic volcanic rocks Cenozoic-Mesozoic 62 o Undifferentiated intrusive rocks volcanic rocks Mesozoic intrusive rocks 60o Amphibolites of undetermined age Mesozoic metamorphic rocks Mesozoic-Paleozoic OTHER MAP UNITS Pz Paleozoic volcanic rocks metamorphic rocks

Paleozoic intrusive rocks Water less than 200 meters in depth Paleozoic metamorphic rocks Water between 200 and 1000 meters in depth Paleozoic-Precambrian 4016 60 o metamorphic rocks Water between 1000 and 3000 meters in depth Precambrian volcanic rocks 58o 4016 Water between 3000 and 5000 meters in depth Precambrian intrusive rocks

0 0 0 1 Water greater than 5000 meters in depth

0 0 Geologic province boundary, 0 Helsinki Glacial ice 1 province code as red numeral 4019 0 0 o Unmapped area 0 Political boundary 1 Oslo 58 0 0 2 Fault Selected capital or major city 56o Inferred fault Line of latitude or longitude, 2 0 Stockholm 0 Oil field center point 0 4025 0 two degree interval 2 Thrust fault 0 2 4020 0 Gas field centerpoint 0 0 1 0 Inferred thrust fault Bathymetric depth contour, 200 depth in meters as blue numeral 56 o 4016

o REFERENCES 54 4027 North Sea Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), 1992, Arcworld Digital Map of the World: ESRI, scales 1:3,000,000 and 1:25,000,000, CD-ROM. Edinburgh 0 4023 4021 300 Gaertner, H.-R. v., Walther, H.W., Weber, H.S., and Voss, H.-H., 1971, The International Geological Map of Europe and the Mediterranean Region; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Commission for the Geological Map of the 0 0 0 00 Baltic Sea 0 1 3 World (CMGW), 2 sheets, scale 1:5,000,000. 4028 54o Copenhagen Klett, T.J., Ahlbrandt, T.S., and Dolton, D.L., 1997, Ranking of the World's Oil and Gas Provinces by Known Petroleum Values, Belfast U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 97-463, one CD-ROM. 0 0 1004 2 o 4030 52 Klett, T.J., Schmoker, J.W., and Ahlbrandt, T.S., 2000, Assessment hierarchy and initial province ranking: in U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000 Description and Results: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS 60, 4 CD-ROMs. Dublin 4035 Petroconsultants International Data Corp. 1996, Petroleum Exploration and Production Database: 4022 Petroconsultants International Data Corp.

o U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2000, U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000: 52 U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS 60, 4 CD-ROMs, also available on the world wide web at http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/energy/WorldEnergy/DDS-60.

50o

4033 34o 36o 38o 40o 42o 44o 46o 48o 50o 4026 Berlin Warsaw Amsterdam 1012 Cardiff 1011 London 4037 4036

Brussels 48o 4040 Bonn

o 44 4046 4041 Prague 1013 4047 Luxembourg 4039

Paris 4053 46o 4049 Bratislava 42o Vienna 4055 Munich 4057 Budapest

4052 Berne 1103 44o 4048 4045 4063 o 4054 Ljubljana 4064 40 50 00 Zagreb Bordeaux 2081 30 00 4060 1 1107 00 Milan 200 0 Belgrade Bucharest 0 4051 20 Black Sea 00 o 10 1107 42 4073 4070 4061

2081 2080 Sarajevo 2080 38o 4044 Monaco Marseilles Ad 4056 riatic Se

0 Sofia 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 2081 0 2 0

5 1 3 0 Andorra la Vella 0 0 4051 a 0 0 4082 2085 1 2 40o 4051 2081 Podgorica Skopje Istanbul 2079 2031 2 1 0 2 0 4083 0 0 0 Ankara 0 0 Rome Tirane Barcelona 4068 4058 36o 4062 2030 4074 Madrid 4067 2 1000 0 0 2083 Lisbon

o 00 38 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 00 0 0 30 2 0 1 2075 4075 4077 4069 4059 2084 2076 o Tyrrhenian 34 4078 Sea 200

00 o 4088 0 0 4071 Athens 10 36 0 0 2 0

1

0

0

0

1

0 0 2072

2 200 000

1 2079 Nicosia

0 4066 00 o

0 30 32 0 2070

3 20 0

20 0 0 0 o 0 34 1 3 2063 00 Mediterranean 1 0 000 Sea 30 0 0 This map is preliminary and has not been reviewed SCALE 1:5,000,000 Valletta 4076 for U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and nomenclature. 0 100 200 300 400 500 Miles 2048 Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and 0 100 200 300 400 500 Kilometers does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. 30o

o 8o 6oo4 2 0o 2o 4o 6o 8o 10o 12o 14o 16o 18o 20o 22o 24o 26o 28o 30 o 32o 34o 36o 38o 40oo42 INTERIOR - GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - DENVER, CO - 2002 Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic with Two Standard Parallels at 30 degrees North and 60 degrees North Latitude Central Meridian: 12 degrees East Longitude Map Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of Europe including Turkey Digitally compiled by Mark J. Pawlewicz, Douglas W. Steinshouer and Donald L. Gautier 2002 Geographical distribution of the petroleum resource endowment of geologic provinces in Europe including Turkey

Cumulative production is the amount of oil, natural gas, or natural gas liquids produced from the oil and gas fields in each province assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Remaining reserves constitute the sum of proved plus probable reserves of oil, gas, or natural gas liquids present in oil and gas fields within each province. These volumes are from the proprietary Petroconsultants database, current through 1995, (Petroconsultants, 1996) and are presented here with permission. The mean values of undiscovered oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids amounts presented here are aggregated at the geologic province level (U.S. Geological Survey Assessment Team, 2000). Definitions of oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids are those used in the World Petroleum Assessment, 2000. Petroleum is considered to include oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids, and is reported on a barrel of oil equivalents (BOE) basis, where 6000 cubic feet of gas equals one barrel equivalent. Oil and natural gas liquids resources are reported in millions of barrels (MMBO and MMBNGL). Natural gas is reported in billions of cubic feet of gas (BCFG).

120000 Petroleum Endowment

60000 Oil Endowment 97753 56993 100000 Undiscovered petroleum 50000 uivalent Remaining petroleum reserves 80000

Eq Cumulative petroleum production Undiscovered oil 40000 Remaining oil reserves

OE) 60000 Cumulative oil production 49035 30000 MB

40000 O) (M 20000

27810 MB

20000 15270 (M 11188 10000 9199 ions of Barrels Oil 8854 6921 7002 ions of Barrels Oil ll 5007 5761 5475 ll 2336 2550 679 1326 706 388 Mi 0 0 Mi 4017 4025 4035 4036 4047 4048 4057 4060 4061 4068 0

- 4017 4025 4035 4036 4047 4048 4057 4060 4061 4068 n n n n n n n n n d n - c h n n n n n n n n n d rth rd- si si si si si si ian ea n c h an rth o rd- a a a a a a si si si si si si hia l ian ea f hia aben an o vania a a a a a a No e hia l B B B B B B r hwest f Basi hia aben st h S k ania vania No e B B B B B B r l hwest rt lg ovence o G Basi e st h S rt o-Dut k ania r German rpat a l o rt lg ovence o G rpat e P o V rt o-Dut annon r a German rpat P a o B N He a rpat P o V annon ansyl a N P P ngl C B r N He a C ansyl N P ngl C A r T C A T Assessed Geologic Provinces Assessed Geologic Provinces ids

250000 Gas Endowment 1200 Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) Endowment Undiscovered gas 200000 197584 10000 9692 180863 Remaining gas reserves Undiscovered NGL 7830 152539 Cumulative gas production 8000 150000 Remaining NGL reserves MBNGL) 6000 Cumulative NGL production (M 100000 86402

BCF) 4000 ( Cubic Feet of Gas 51210 2265 50000 2000 32814 36850 ions of Barrels Natural Gas Liqu 21381 17986 ll ions of 10445 51 190 118 214 6 154 193 Mi ill 0

B 0 4017 4025 4035 4036 4047 4048 4057 4060 4061 4068 4017 4025 4035 4036 4047 4048 4057 4060 4061 4068 - n n n n n n n n n d - n n n n n n n n n n d c h rth rd- si si si si si si n ian ea c h rth rd- si si si si si si an ian ea o a a a a a a hia l an f o a a a a a a hia aben hia l vania No f e B B B B B B r hia aben hwest vania Basi No e st B B B B B B h S r k ania hwest Basi l st rt lg ovence h S k ania o G e rt o-Dut l r rpat rt lg ovence German o G a e o rt o-Dut r rpat German rpat P o V a annon a o P rpat P B o V annon N He a a P ansyl B N P ngl C N He a r ansyl N P ngl C C r A C T A T Assessed Geologic Provinces Assessed Geologic Provinces