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Scientific Research and Essays Scientific Research and Essays Volume 10 Number 11 15 June 2015 ISSN 1992-2248 ABOUTSRE TheScientificResearchandEssays(SRE)ispublishedtwice monthly(onevolumeperyear)byAcademicJournals. Scientific Research andEssays(SRE)isanopen accessjournal withtheobjectiveofpublishingqualityresearcharticlesinscience,medicine,agricultureandengineeringsuchasNanot echnology,ClimateChangeandGlobalWarming,AirPollutionManagementandElectronicsetc.Allpaperspublishedby SREareblindpeerreviewed. SubmissionofManuscript Submitmanuscriptsasemail attachment totheEditorialOfficeatsre@academicjournals.org.Amanuscriptnumberwillbemailedtothecorrespondingautho rshortlyaftersubmission. TheScientificResearchandEssayswillonlyacceptmanuscriptssubmittedase-mailattachments. PleasereadtheInstructionsforAuthorsbeforesubmittingyourmanuscript.Themanuscriptfilesshouldbegiventh elastnameofthefirstauthor. Editors Dr.NJTonukari Dr.JohnW.Gichuki Editor-in-Chief KenyaMarine& FisheriesResearchInstitute, ScientificResearchandEssays Kenya. AcademicJournals E-mail:[email protected] Dr.WongLeongSingDepartment ofCivilEngineering,CollegeofEngi neering,UniversitiTenagaNasion al, Dr.M.SivakumarPh.D. (Tech). Km7,JalanKajang-Puchong, AssociateProfessor 43009Kajang,SelangorDarulEhsan,M SchoolofChemical&EnvironmentalEngineering alaysia. FacultyofEngineeringUniversi tyofNottingham JalanBroga,43500Semenyih Prof.XianyiLI SelangorDarul Ehsan CollegeofMathematicsandComputationalScience Malaysia. ShenzhenUniversity Guangdong,518060 P.R.China. Prof.N.MohamedElSawiMahmoudDepartmentof Prof.MevlutDogan Biochemistry,Facultyofscience,KingAbdulAzizuniv KocatepeUniversity,ScienceFaculty,P ersity, hysicsDept.Afyon/Turkey. SaudiaArabia. Turkey. Prof.AliDelice Prof.Kwai- ScienceandMathematicsEducationDepartment,At LinThongMicrobiologyDivisio atürkFacultyofEducation, n,InstituteofBiologicalScience MarmaraUniversity, , Turkey. FacultyofScience,University ofMalaya,50603,KualaLumpur, Prof.MiraGrdisa Malaysia. RudjerBoskovicInstitute,Bijenickacesta54, Croatia. Prof.XiaocongHe FacultyofMechanicalandElectricalEngineering,Ku Prof.EmmanuelHalaKwon- nming University NdungNasarawaStateUniversityKeffiNigeri ofScienceandTechnology,253XueFuRoad,Kunmin a PMB1022Keffi, g, NasarawaState. P.R.China. Nigeria. Prof.SanjayMisra Dr.CyrusAzimi DepartmentofComputerEngineering DepartmentofGenetics,CancerResearchCenter, SchoolofInformationandCommunicationTechnologyFe CancerInstitute,TehranUniversityofMedicalSciences,Kes deralUniversityofTechnology,Minna, havarzBlvd., Nigeria. Tehran,Iran. Prof.BurtramC.FieldingPr.Sci.Nat.De Dr.Gomez,NidiaNoemi partmentofMedicalBioSciencesUniver NationalUniversity ofSan Luis, sityoftheWesternCapePrivateBagX17 FacultyofChemistry,BiochemistryandPharmacy, ModderdamRoad LaboratoryofMolecularBiochemistryEjercitodelosAn Bellville,7535, des950-5700SanLuis SouthAfrica. Argentina. Prof.NaqibUllahKhan DepartmentofPlantBreedingandGenetics Prof.M.NageebRashed NWFPAgriculturalUniversityPeshawar25130,P ChemistryDepartment-FacultyofScience,Aswan akistan SouthValleyUniversity, Egypt. EditorialBoard Prof.AhmedM.Soliman Prof.V.Sundarapandian 20MansourMohamedSt.,Apt51,Z IndianInstitute ofInformationTechnology&Management- amalek,Cairo, Kerala Egypt. ParkCentre, Technopark,KariavattomP.O. Prof.JuanJoséKasperZubillaga Thiruvananthapuram- Av.Universidad1953Ed.13depto304, 695581,KeralaIndia. MéxicoD.F.04340, México. Prof.ThangaveluPerianan DepartmentofMathematics,AditanarCollege,Ti Prof.ChauKwok-wing ruchendur-628216India. UniversityofQueenslandInstitut oMexicanodelPetroleo,EjeCentr Prof.Yan-zePeng alLazaroCardenasMexicoD.F., DepartmentofMathematics, Mexico. HuazhongUniversityofScience and Technology,Wuhan430074,P.R. Prof.RajSenani China. NetajiSubhasInstituteofTechnology, AzadHindFaujMarg,Sector3 Prof.KonstantinosD.Karamanos , UniversiteLibredeBruxelles, Dwarka,NewDelhi110075,In CP231Centre ofNonlinear Phenomena dia. AndComplexsystems, CENOLIBoulevarddeTriomphe Prof.RobinJLaw B-1050, CefasBurnhamLaboratory, Brussels,Belgium. RemembranceAvenueBurnhamonCrouch,E ssexCM08HA, Prof.XianyiLI UK. SchoolofMathematicsandPhysics,Nanhu aUniversity,HengyangCity,HunanProvinc Prof.V.Sundarapandian e, IndianInstitute ofInformation Technologyand P.R.China. Management-Kerala ParkCentre, Dr.K.W.Chau TechnoparkCampus,KariavattomP.O., HongKongPolytechnicUniversity Thiruvananthapuram-695581,Kerala,India. DepartmentofCivil&StructuralEngineering,Ho ngKongPolytechnicUniversity,Hunghom,Kowl Prof.Tzung-PeiHong oon,HongKong, DepartmentofElectricalEngineering, China. andattheDepartment ofComputerScienceand InformationEngineering Dr.AmadouGaye NationalUniversity ofKaohsiung. LPAO-SF/ESPPoBox5085Dakar-FannSENEGAL UniversityCheikhAntaDiopDakarSE Prof.ZulfiqarAhmed NEGAL. DepartmentofEarthSciences,box5070, Kfupm,dhahran- Prof.MasnoGinting 31261,SaudiArabia. P2F-LIPI,Puspiptek-Serpong, 15310IndonesianInstituteofSciences, Prof.KhalifaSaif Al-Jabri Banten-Indonesia. DepartmentofCivilandArchitecturalEngineering CollegeofEngineering,Sultan Dr.EzekielOlukayodeIdowuDepartme QaboosUniversity ntofAgriculturalEconomics,ObafemiAw P.O.Box33,Al-Khod123,Muscat. olowoUniversity, Ife- Ife,Nige ria. Fees andCharges:Authorsarerequired topay a$550handlingfee.Publicationofanarticlein theScientific ResearchandEssaysisnotcontingentupontheauthor'sabilitytopaythecharges.Neitherisacceptancetopaythehandlingfeea guaranteethatthepaperwillbeacceptedforpublication.Authorsmaystillrequest(inadvance)thattheeditorialofficewaiveso meofthe handlingfeeunder specialcircumstances. Copyright:©2012,AcademicJournals. AllrightsReserved.Inaccessingthisjournal,youagreethatyouwillaccessthecontentsforyourownpersonaluseButnotforanyc ommercialuse.AnyuseandorcopiesofthisJournalinwholeorinpartmustincludethecustomarybibliographiccitation,includin gauthorattribution,dateandarticletitle. Submissionofamanuscriptimplies:thattheworkdescribedhasnotbeenpublishedbefore(exceptintheformofan abstract oras part ofa publishedlecture,or thesis)that it is not underconsideration for publication elsewhere;that if andwhenthemanuscriptisacceptedforpublication,theauthorsagreetoautomatictransferofthecopyrighttothepublisher. DisclaimerofWarranties InnoeventshallAcademicJournalsbeliableforanyspecial,incidental,indirect,orconsequentialdamagesofanykindarising outofor in connection with the use ofthe articlesorothermaterial derivedfromtheSRE, whetherornotadvisedofthepossibilityofdamage,andonanytheoryofliability. Thispublicationisprovided"asis"withoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied,including,butnot limitedto,theimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantability,fitnessforaparticularpurpose,ornon-infringement. Descriptionsof,or referencesto, productsorpublicationsdoes not implyendorsementofthatproductor publication. WhileeveryeffortismadebyAcademicJournalstoseethatnoinaccurateormisleadingdata,opinionorstatements appearinthispublication,theywishtomakeitclearthatthedataandopinionsappearinginthearticlesand advertisementshereinaretheresponsibilityofthecontributororadvertiserconcerned.AcademicJournalsmakesno warrantyofanykind,eitherexpressorimplied,regardingthequality,accuracy,availability,orvalidityofthedataorinformationi nthispublicationorofanyotherpublicationtowhich itmaybelinked. ScientificResearchandEssays Table of Contents: Volume 10 Number 11 15 June, 2015 ARTICLES Research Articles Analysis of cavitating flow through a venturi 367 Mohammed ZAMOUM and Mohand KESSAL Effect of pre-harvest foliar spray of calcium and potassium on fruit quality of Pear cv. Pathernakh 376 B. Prasad, D. C. Dimri and L. Bora Genetic divergence in some bivoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Breeds 381 A. Maqbool, H. U. Dar, M. Ahmad, G. N. Malik, G. Zaffar and S. A. Mir Larval stage of trematodes obtained from brackish water snails in the central and east coast of the gulf of Thailand 386 Suluck Namchote, Supatta Sritongtae, Siriphon Butnin, Paporn Wongwain and Duangduen Krailas Vol. 10(11), pp. 367-375, 15 June, 2015 DOI: 10.5897/SRE2015.6201 Article Number:2BFBED353458 ISSN 1992-2248 Scientific Research and Essays Copyright©2015 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE Full Length Research Paper Analysis of cavitating flow through a venturi Mohammed ZAMOUM* and Mohand KESSAL Laboratoire Génie Physique des Hydrocarbures LGPH, Faculté des Hydrocarbures et de la Chimie FHC, Université M’hamed Bougara, Boumerdès, 35000, Algérie. Received 1 March, 2015; Accepted 26 May, 2015 A dynamical study of a bubbly flows in a transversal varying section duct (Venturi), is modeled by the use of the mass and momentum phases equations, which are coupled with the Rayleigh-Plesset equation of the bubbles dynamics. The effects of the throat dimension and the upstream void fraction on flow parameters are investigated. The numerical resolution of the previous equations set let us found that the characteristics of the flow change dramatically with upstream void fraction. Two different flow regimes are obtained: a quasi-steady and a quasi-unsteady regimes. The former is characterized by a large spatial fluctuations downstream of the throat, which are induced by the pulsations of the cavitation bubbles. The quasi-unsteady regime corresponds to flashing flow in which occurs a bifurcation at the flow transition between these regimes. This transition occurs at Rc 4.3 which -3 corresponds to s 4.710 . An analytical expression for the critical bubble size at the flashing flow point is also obtained and compared with theoretical data. Key words: Venturi meter, tow-phase flow, cavitation. INTRODUCTION It is well known that the venturi
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