DOCSLIB.ORG

Marsupial' Freshwater

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Marsupial' Freshwater Zoosyst. Evol. 85 (2) 2009, 199–275 / DOI 10.1002/zoos.200900004 Diversity and disparity ‘down under’: Systematics, biogeography and reproductive modes of the ‘marsupial’ freshwater Thiaridae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea) in Australia Matthias Glaubrecht*,1, Nora Brinkmann2 and Judith Pppe1 1 Museum fr Naturkunde Berlin, Department of Malacozoology, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany 2 University of Copenhagen, Institute of Biology, Research Group for Comparative Zoology, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Abstract Received 11 May 2009 We systematically revise here the Australian taxa of the Thiaridae, a group of freshwater Accepted 15 June 2009 Cerithioidea with pantropical distribution and “marsupial” (i.e. viviparous) reproductive Published 24 September 2009 modes. On this long isolated continent, the naming of several monotypic genera and a plethora of species have clouded both the phylogenetical and biogeographical relation- ships with other thiarids, in particular in Southeast Asia, thus hampering insight into the evolution of Australian taxa and their natural history. Based on own collections during five expeditions to various regions in Australia between 2002 and 2007, the study of rele- vant type material and the comparison with (mostly shell) material from major Australian museum collections, we describe and document here the morphology (of adults and juve- niles) and radulae of all relevant thiarid taxa, discussing the taxonomical implications and nomenclatural consequences. Presenting comprehensive compilations of the occurrences for all Australian thiarid species, we document their geographical distribution (based on over 900 records) with references ranging from continent-wide to drainage-based pat- terns. We morphologically identify a total of eleven distinct species (also corroborated as distinct clades by molecular genetic data, to be reported elsewhere), of which six species are endemic to Australia, viz. “Thiara australis”, Plotiopsis balonnensis, and “Stenomela- nia” denisoniensis with wide distribution and Melasma onca, Sermyla venustula, and Ri- palania queenslandica with more restricted ranges. In contrast, Thiara amarula and Ste- nomelania cf. aspirans as well as Melanoides tuberculata, Plotia scabra, and Sermyla riqueti are widely distributed also outside Australia, in particular in the Malay Archipela- go and the Indo-West Pacific, respectively. The occurrences especially of the latter three species are discussed, concluding on quite distinct historical contingencies. Three thiarids species, viz. Stenomelania cf. aspirans, Sermyla riqueti and Plotia scabra, are recorded here for the first time for Australia. Based on a new taxonomic framework for the Thiar- idae we point out some of the pertinent problems with naming and artificial delineation Key Words of species, revealing why typology and earlier practice of splitting was misleading in case of these truly “Darwinian snails”. We also report on finding two clearly distinct vivipar- endemism ous modes in Australian thiarids, discussing their distribution in certain fluvifaunal pro- drainage division vinces and major drainage systems in concert with these reproductive features of life his- fluvifaunal provinces tory tactics. While the live-bearing T. amarula, S. cf. aspirans, and R. queenslandica, that colonization release veligers (ovo-viviparity), are found to have very restricted occurrences in rivers marine intrusion and streams in the Jardinian province of NE Queensland only, the five more widely dis- invasion tributed Australian endemics Plotiopsis balonnensis and “Stenomelania” denisoniensis as cryptic species well as “Thiara australis”, Sermyla venustula and Melasma onca in the Leichhardtian (ovo-)viviparity province all brood and release shelled juveniles (eu-viviparity). Finally, we hypothesize (eu-)viviparity on the evolutionary history and colonization of Australia by different lineages of these veliger larvae freshwater Cerithioidea. * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] # 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 200 Glaubrecht,M.etal.:SystematicsofAustralianThiaridae Introduction “Earlier in the evening I had been lying on a sunny bank & was reflecting on the strange character of the Animals of the country as compared to the rest of the World. A Disbeliever in everything beyond his own reason, might exclaim, ‘Surely two distinct Creators must have been at work’”. (Charles Darwin, January 1836 at Wallerawang, New South Wales) Australia has an eminently curious and peculiar fauna as being only recent invaders from the north, as it was and flora, distinct in a multitude of ways from that in held by pre-continental drift views e.g. for birds (Mayr other parts of the world, and immediately evident to the 1944), amphibians (Darlington 1965) or other faunal first naturalists. When Charles Darwin visited the area members in particular of inland waters (Williams & Al- of Sydney and the Blue Mountains early in 1836 during len 1987). Also the tropical rainforests dominating his world spanning voyage on board the “Beagle”, northeastern Queensland and New Guinea today were known for its pivotal influence not only on his career long conceived of as unimportant appendage of forests but also on the origin of evolutionary theory, he soon in SE Asia, due to the earlier prevailing palaeobotanical recognized this “strange character” of the fauna, as it view that rather the widespread eucalypt forest of Aus- appears in the above given passage of his “Beagle” tralia was the ancestral habitat, thus also for animal di- diary (Keynes 1988; Nicholas & Nicholas 1989). versification (for discussion see e.g. White 1986, 1994; Long predicted only as “terra australis incognita” the Archer et al. 1991; Flannery 1994; Heinsohn 2008). fifth continent is historically “new” land; however, in Accordingly, it remained the standard scenario that this fact this strange dry land with its weird and wonderful long isolated continent certainly must have been colo- assortment of animals and plants is one of the world’s nized from abroad, in particular by invaders from the most ancient landmasses which harbours one of the Indo-Malay Archipelago, once Australia has been in richest biota with a high number of endemisms. Austra- reach for several taxa from the Oriental region. lia’s fauna and flora was only very slowly discovered The fallacy of such a perception of Australia’s “colo- and studied, albeit its many unique elements – from nial” history became obvious only recently when it was kangaroos and cockatoos, lungfishes and lyrebirds to established by use of molecular phylogeny that, for ex- the platypus – have ever since puzzled biogeographers, ample, the most speciose and widely distributed oscine systematists and other naturalists. Next to endemic and passerines (songbirds, comprising more than half of all unique forms evolution has also produced, for example, extant avian species) apparently originated in the Aus- some native marsupials strikingly similar to Old World tralo-Papuan region as part of (eastern) Gondwana and species, such as the bandicoot and the Tasmanian wolf only subsequently colonized the Eurasian continent resembling placental rabbits and carnivores, respec- (Barker et al. 2004). Instead of Australian passerines tively. Even among the fossil fauna a most spectacular being confamilial Northern Hemisphere derivatives and convergence of anatomical specializations of a xylopha- relatively recent invaders, a phylogenetic reconstruction gus (wood-boring) Australian metatherian from the based on two single-copy nuclear gene sequences sug- Oligo-Miocene to an extant marsupial of Australia as gested multiple waves of emigration from Australia well as to the primate Daubentonia of Madagascar has with dispersal into Eurasia, Africa, and the New World, been reported lately (Beck 2009). Australia’s rich native commencing as early as the Eocene. Further evidence avifauna exhibits similar cases of rampant convergent for Australia actually having been the birthplace of evolution; however, being less conspicuous, these were songbirds as part of a large-scale authochthonous radia- not recognized as such until most recently (see below). tion that far exceeded in scope that of the marsupials Australia’s biota was long not only considered peculiar came from passerine fossils in Early Eocene strata (c. but “primitive”, as it soon became evident that this con- 54.6 mya) at Murgon in southeastern Queensland tinent harbours many apparently ancient floral and faunal (Boles 1995), as well as from other molecular studies elements that only survived there, such as e.g. cycads, on birds resulting in a renaissance of higher level sys- lungfishes, monotremes and the many marsupials. In ad- tematics of this vertebrate clade (Edwards & Boles dition to the ancestry of these lineages an exceptionally 2002). Essentially turning the phylogeny of passerine high degree of endemism with many speciose taxa gave birds and significant parts of Australia’s avifauna up- witness to the long isolation of the continent. On the side down, this new viewpoint not only reverses the other hand, from very early on the Australian fauna was classical scenario of oscine biogeography and the struc- considered, albeit erroneously, “impoverished” and “less- ture of their radiation, but also foreshadows similar perfected”, as even Darwin noted (see Ospovat 1981: evolutionary trajectories for other biotic elements in 219). Thus, many naturalists way into the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • FINAL DETERMINATION Notopala Hanleyi – Hanley’S River Snail As a Critically Endangered Species
    Fisheries Scientific Committee January 2016 Ref. No. FD 59 File No. FSC 00/10 FINAL DETERMINATION Notopala hanleyi – Hanley’s River Snail as a Critically Endangered Species The Fisheries Scientific Committee, established under Part 7A of the Fisheries Management Act 1994 (the Act), has made a final determination to list Notopala hanleyi – Hanley’s River Snail as a CRITICALLY ENDANGERED SPECIES in NSW in Part 1 of Schedule 4A of the Act. The listing of Critically Endangered Species is provided for by Part 7A, Division 2 of the Act. The Fisheries Scientific Committee, with reference to the criteria relevant to this species, prescribed by Part 16, Division 1 of the Fisheries Management (General) Regulation 2010 (the Regulation) has found that: Background 1) Two river snails belonging to the live-bearing freshwater genus Notopala from New South Wales were each described as distinct species, viz. N. sublineata Conrad, 1850 and N. hanleyi Frauenfeld, 1864. A third, related taxon N. alisoni Brazier, 1879 occurs outside New South Wales. In recent years these three taxa have sometimes been considered to be subspecies of a single species for which N. sublineata, the earliest available name, is the species-level name. Although N. alisoni was indeed synonymised with another species N. waterhousei (Adams and Angas, 1864) by Stoddart (1982), there has not been a formal publication synonymising N. hanleyi and N. sublineata. Consequently the species must be regarded as distinct, as listed by Iredale (1943) and Smith (1992). A fourth taxon, Notopala kingi suprafasciata (Billabong Banded Snail) is also present in the Murray-Darling Basin but is largely confined to billabongs/ponds and off-channel habitats (Jones 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Laura-Normanby Catchment Management Strategy
    LAURA-NORMANBY CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGY C. Howley and K. Stephan, Environmental Consultants November 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people have been involved in the production of this report. Thank you first of all to the members of the community who have completed surveys and discussed local issues with the Project Officers (Cathy Waldron and Ian Adcock). The local knowledge and concerns of the community have provided the content and direction for this report, and the strategies to address local issues have been directly chosen by the community members. The final report producers, Christina Howley and Kim Stephan (Howley & Stephan Environmental Consultants), would also like to thank the following persons, all of whom been extremely helpful in providing information regarding resources and concerns within the Catchment: Jamie Molyneuax (CYWAFAP); Graeme Elmes; Sam Dibella, Andrew Hartwig and Barry Lyons (QPWS); Geoff Mills, Graeme Herbert, Anthony McLoughlin and Stephen Parker (DNR&M); Miles Furnas (AIMS); Stuart Hyland and John Russell (DPI&F); Peter Thompson (CYPDA); Victor Stephanson (Traditional Knowledge Recording Project) and John Farrington (Quinkan & Regional Cultural Centre). Thank you also to Michael Stephan for his generous assistance with technical matters and to Jean Stephan for editing. Finally, thank you to the members of the Laura-Normanby Catchment Management Group. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 7 1.0 INTRODUCTION
    [Show full text]
  • Convict Labour and Colonial Society in the Campbell Town Police District: 1820-1839
    Convict Labour and Colonial Society in the Campbell Town Police District: 1820-1839. Margaret C. Dillon B.A. (Hons) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.) University of Tasmania April 2008 I confirm that this thesis is entirely my own work and contains no material which has been accepted for a degree or diploma by the University or any other institution, except by way of background information and duly acknowledged in the thesis, and to the best of my knowledge and belief no material previously published or written by another person except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis. Margaret C. Dillon. -ii- This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Margaret C. Dillon -iii- Abstract This thesis examines the lives of the convict workers who constituted the primary work force in the Campbell Town district in Van Diemen’s Land during the assignment period but focuses particularly on the 1830s. Over 1000 assigned men and women, ganged government convicts, convict police and ticket holders became the district’s unfree working class. Although studies have been completed on each of the groups separately, especially female convicts and ganged convicts, no holistic studies have investigated how convicts were integrated into a district as its multi-layered working class and the ways this affected their working and leisure lives and their interactions with their employers. Research has paid particular attention to the Lower Court records for 1835 to extract both quantitative data about the management of different groups of convicts, and also to provide more specific narratives about aspects of their work and leisure.
    [Show full text]
  • Report to Office of Water Science, Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, Brisbane
    Lake Eyre Basin Springs Assessment Project Hydrogeology, cultural history and biological values of springs in the Barcaldine, Springvale and Flinders River supergroups, Galilee Basin and Tertiary springs of western Queensland 2016 Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation Prepared by R.J. Fensham, J.L. Silcock, B. Laffineur, H.J. MacDermott Queensland Herbarium Science Delivery Division Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation PO Box 5078 Brisbane QLD 4001 © The Commonwealth of Australia 2016 The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY) licence Under this licence you are free, without having to seek permission from DSITI or the Commonwealth, to use this publication in accordance with the licence terms. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the source of the publication. For more information on this licence visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Disclaimer This document has been prepared with all due diligence and care, based on the best available information at the time of publication. The department holds no responsibility for any errors or omissions within this document. Any decisions made by other parties based on this document are solely the responsibility of those parties. Information contained in this document is from a number of sources and, as such, does not necessarily represent government or departmental policy. If you need to access this document in a language other than English, please call the Translating and Interpreting Service (TIS National) on 131 450 and ask them to telephone Library Services on +61 7 3170 5725 Citation Fensham, R.J., Silcock, J.L., Laffineur, B., MacDermott, H.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Geometric Morphometric Analysis Reveals That the Shells of Male and Female Siphon Whelks Penion Chathamensis Are the Same Size and Shape Felix Vaux A, James S
    MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH, 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2017.1279474 Geometric morphometric analysis reveals that the shells of male and female siphon whelks Penion chathamensis are the same size and shape Felix Vaux a, James S. Cramptonb,c, Bruce A. Marshalld, Steven A. Trewicka and Mary Morgan-Richardsa aEcology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; bGNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand; cSchool of Geography, Environment & Earth Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand; dMuseum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Secondary sexual dimorphism can make the discrimination of intra and interspecific variation Received 11 July 2016 difficult, causing the identification of evolutionary lineages and classification of species to be Final version received challenging, particularly in palaeontology. Yet sexual dimorphism is an understudied research 14 December 2016 topic in dioecious marine snails. We use landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis to KEYWORDS investigate whether there is sexual dimorphism in the shell morphology of the siphon whelk Buccinulidae; conchology; Penion chathamensis. In contrast to studies of other snails, results strongly indicate that there fossil; geometric is no difference in the shape or size of shells between the sexes. A comparison of morphometrics; mating; P. chathamensis and a related species demonstrates that this result is unlikely to reflect a paleontology; reproduction; limitation of the method. The possibility that sexual dimorphism is not exhibited by at least secondary sexual some species of Penion is advantageous from a palaeontological perspective as there is a dimorphism; snail; true whelk rich fossil record for the genus across the Southern Hemisphere.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of Agricultural Potential of Soils in the Gulf Region, North Queensland
    REPORT TO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES REGIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT (RID), NORTH REGION ON An Assessment of Agricultural Potential of Soils in the Gulf Region, North Queensland Volume 1 February 1999 Peter Wilson (Land Resource Officer, Land Information Management) Seonaid Philip (Senior GIS Technician) Department of Natural Resources Resource Management GIS Unit Centre for Tropical Agriculture 28 Peters Street, Mareeba Queensland 4880 DNRQ990076 Queensland Government Technical Report This report is intended to provide information only on the subject under review. There are limitations inherent in land resource studies, such as accuracy in relation to map scale and assumptions regarding socio-economic factors for land evaluation. Before acting on the information conveyed in this report, readers should ensure that they have received adequate professional information and advice specific to their enquiry. While all care has been taken in the preparation of this report neither the Queensland Government nor its officers or staff accepts any responsibility for any loss or damage that may result from any inaccuracy or omission in the information contained herein. © State of Queensland 1999 For information about this report contact [email protected] ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors thank the input of staff of the Department of Natural Resources GIS Unit Mareeba. Also that of DNR water resources staff, particularly Mr Jeff Benjamin. Mr Steve Ockerby, Queensland Department of Primary Industries provided invaluable expertise and advice for the development of the agricultural suitability assessment. Mr Phil Bierwirth of the Australian Geological Survey Organisation (AGSO) provided an introduction to and knowledge of Airborne Gamma Spectrometry. Assistance with the interpretation of AGS data was provided through the Department of Natural Resources Enhanced Resource Assessment project.
    [Show full text]
  • Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea) from the Aegean Islands: a Long Or Short Story?
    Org Divers Evol DOI 10.1007/s13127-015-0235-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Pseudamnicola Paulucci, 1878 (Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea) from the Aegean Islands: a long or short story? Magdalena Szarowska1 & Artur Osikowski2 & Sebastian Hofman2 & Andrzej Falniowski1 Received: 31 January 2015 /Accepted: 18 August 2015 # The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The aims of the study were (i) to reveal the pattern entities coinciding with clades of the ML tree based on 44 of phylogeny of Pseudamnicola inhabiting the Aegean haplotypes and 189 sequences. The present pattern of diversi- Islands, (ii) to describe and analyse the variation of the mor- ty, together with dating of divergence time, reflects a short phology in 17 populations of Pseudamnicola from the springs story of colonisation/recolonisation, supported by the Late on the Aegean Islands not studied so far and considering also Pleistocene land bridges, rather than the consequences of ear- another seven populations studied earlier and (iii) to find out lier geological events. The principal component analysis which model is more applicable to the island Pseudamnicola (PCA) on the shells of the molecularly distinct clades showed populations: either a model in which a relict fauna rich in differences, although variability ranges often overlap. Female endemics is differentiated in a way that mainly reflects the reproductive organs showed no differences between the geological history of the area or a model in which a relatively clades, and penile characters differed only in some cases. young fauna is composed of more or less widely distributed taxa, with relatively high levels of gene flow among the Keywords mtDNA .
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of Spring-Associated Hydrobiid Snails of the Great Artesian Basin, Australia
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34 (2005) 545–556 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of spring-associated hydrobiid snails of the Great Artesian Basin, Australia Kathryn E. Pereza,¤, Winston F. Ponderb, Donald J. Colganb, Stephanie A. Clarkc,1, Charles Lydearda a Department of Biological Sciences, Biodiversity and Systematics, University of Alabama, Box 870345, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0345, USA b Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia c Centre for Biostructural and Biomolecular Research, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797 Penrith South DC, NSW 1797, Australia Received 6 July 2004; revised 15 November 2004 Available online 6 January 2005 Abstract The Great Artesian Basin (GAB) of Australia underlies some of the driest parts of South Australia and Queensland and feeds numerous freshwater springs. Prominent and endangered components of the GAB spring community are snails of the family Hydro- biidae. This paper examines the evolutionary relationships of the entire hydrobiid fauna associated with the GAB, and includes appropriate non-GAB species to place the GAB fauna in a broader phylogenetic context. The Queensland genus Jardinella is a focus of this paper, providing a Wne scale examination of relationships between spring supergroups in the northeastern regions of the GAB. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses performed on 16S, CO1, and combined sequence data from 40 hydrobiid taxa found four major clades of Australian taxa. The analysis revealed that at least three separate colonization events of the GAB spring fauna have occurred. Two of these are represented by considerable radiations, (1) Jardinella to the north and east and (2) Caldicochlea, Fonscochlea, and possibly Trochidrobia in South Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Water Resources of Cape York Peninsula
    CAPE YORK PENINSULA LAND USE STRATEGY LAND USE PROGRAM SURFACE WATER RESOURCES OF CAPE YORK PENINSULA A.M. Horn Queensland Department of Primary Industries 1995 r .am1, a DEPARTMENT OF, PRIMARY 1NDUSTRIES CYPLUS is a joint initiative of the Queensland and Commonwealth Governments CAPE YORK PENINSULA LAND USE STRATEGY (CYPLUS) Land Use Program SURFACE WATER RESOURCES OF CAPE YORK PENINSULA A.M.Horn Queensland Department of Primary Industries CYPLUS is a joint initiative of the Queensland and Commonwealth Governments Recommended citation: Horn. A. M (1995). 'Surface Water Resources of Cape York Peninsula'. (Cape York Peninsula Land Use Strategy, Office of the Co-ordinator General of Queensland, Brisbane, Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories, Canberra and Queensland Department of Primary Industries.) Note: Due to the timing of publication, reports on other CYPLUS projects may not be fully cited in the BIBLIOGRAPHY section. However, they should be able to be located by author, agency or subject. ISBN 0 7242 623 1 8 @ The State of Queensland and Commonwealth of Australia 1995. Copyright protects this publication. Except for purposes permitted by the Copyright Act 1968, - no part may be reproduced by any means without the prior written permission of the Office of the Co-ordinator General of Queensland and the Australian Government Publishing Service. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: Office of the Co-ordinator General, Government of Queensland PO Box 185 BRISBANE ALBERT STREET Q 4002 The Manager, Commonwealth Information Services GPO Box 84 CANBERRA ACT 2601 CAPE YORK PENINSULA LAND USE STRATEGY STAGE I PREFACE TO PROJECT REPORTS Cape York Peninsula Land Use Strategy (CYPLUS) is an initiative to provide a basis for public participation in planning for the ecologically sustainable development of Cape York Peninsula.
    [Show full text]
  • DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
    DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1.
    [Show full text]
  • Gastropoda, Pleuroceridae), with Implications for Pleurocerid Conservation
    Zoosyst. Evol. 93 (2) 2017, 437–449 | DOI 10.3897/zse.93.14856 museum für naturkunde Genetic structuring in the Pyramid Elimia, Elimia potosiensis (Gastropoda, Pleuroceridae), with implications for pleurocerid conservation Russell L. Minton1, Bethany L. McGregor2, David M. Hayes3, Christopher Paight4, Kentaro Inoue5 1 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Houston Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Boulevard MC 39, Houston, Texas 77058 USA 2 Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th Street SE, Vero Beach, Florida 32962 USA 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Kentucky University, 521 Lancaster Avenue, Richmond, Kentucky 40475 USA 4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 100 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881 USA 5 Texas A&M Natural Resources Institute, 578 John Kimbrough Boulevard, 2260 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843 USA http://zoobank.org/E6997CB6-F054-4563-8C57-6C0926855053 Corresponding author: Russell L. Minton ([email protected]) Abstract Received 7 July 2017 The Interior Highlands, in southern North America, possesses a distinct fauna with nu- Accepted 19 September 2017 merous endemic species. Many freshwater taxa from this area exhibit genetic structuring Published 15 November 2017 consistent with biogeography, but this notion has not been explored in freshwater snails. Using mitochondrial 16S DNA sequences and ISSRs, we aimed to examine genetic struc- Academic editor: turing in the Pyramid Elimia, Elimia potosiensis, at various geographic scales. On a broad Matthias Glaubrecht scale, maximum likelihood and network analyses of 16S data revealed a high diversity of mitotypes lacking biogeographic patterns across the range of E.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Water Ambient Network (Water Quality) 2020-21
    Surface Water Ambient Network (Water Quality) 2020-21 July 2020 This publication has been compiled by Natural Resources Divisional Support, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy. © State of Queensland, 2020 The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. Under this licence you are free, without having to seek our permission, to use this publication in accordance with the licence terms. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the State of Queensland as the source of the publication. Note: Some content in this publication may have different licence terms as indicated. For more information on this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The Queensland Government shall not be liable for technical or other errors or omissions contained herein. The reader/user accepts all risks and responsibility for losses, damages, costs and other consequences resulting directly or indirectly from using this information. Summary This document lists the stream gauging stations which make up the Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy (DNRME) surface water quality monitoring network. Data collected under this network are published on DNRME’s Water Monitoring Information Data Portal. The water quality data collected includes both logged time-series and manual water samples taken for later laboratory analysis. Other data types are also collected at stream gauging stations, including rainfall and stream height. Further information is available on the Water Monitoring Information Data Portal under each station listing.
    [Show full text]