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Home , Major religious groups, Religion

NUMBERS, AND TRENDS SHAPING THE

FOR RELEASE APRIL 4, 2014

FOR FURTHER ON THIS REPORT: Alan Cooperman, Director of Research Conrad Hackett, Demographer Katherine Ritchey, Communications Manager, Religion & Public Life Project 202.419.4562 www.pewresearch.org/religion

RECOMMENDED CITATION: Pew Research Center, April 2014, “Global Religious : Half of the Most Religiously Diverse Countries are in -Pacific Region”

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Overview

Several years ago, the Pew Research Center produced estimates of the religious makeup of more than 200 countries and Size of Major Religious territories, which it published in the 2012 report “The Global Groups, 2010 Religious Landscape.” The effort was part of the Pew-Templeton % of the global population Global Religious project, which analyzes religious change and its impact on around the world. As part of the next phase of this project, Pew Research has produced an index that ranks each country by its level of religious diversity.

Comparing religious diversity across countries presents many challenges, starting with the definition of diversity. Social scientists have conceived of diversity in a variety of ways, including the degree to which a is split into distinct groups; minority group size (in share and/or absolute number); minority group influence (the degree to which multiple groups are visible and influential in civil society); and group dominance *Includes followers of African traditional (the degree to which one or more groups dominate society). Each , Chinese folk religions, Native of these approaches can be applied to the study of religious American religions and Australian aboriginal religions. diversity.1 **Includes Baha’is, Jains, , Shintoists, Taoists, followers of , This study, however, takes a relatively straightforward approach Wiccans, Zoroastrians and many other . to religious diversity. It looks at the percentage of each country’s Percentages may not add to 100 due to population that belongs to eight , as of rounding. 2010.2 The closer a country comes to having equal shares of the Source: Pew Research Center, “The Global Religious Landscape,” December 2012. eight groups, the higher its score on a 10-point Religious PEW RESEARCH CENTER Diversity Index.

The choice of which religious groups to include in this study stems from the original research that was done for “The Global Religious Landscape” report. That study was based on a country-by- country analysis of data from more than 2,500 national censuses, large-scale surveys and official population registers that were collected, evaluated and standardized by Pew Research staff and, in

1 See Johnson, Todd M. and Brian J. Grim. 2013. Chapter 3: Religious Diversity. The World’s Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious . -Blackwell, pages 93-108. The Pew Research study builds on the developed by Johnson and Grim, a former senior researcher at the Pew Research Center. 2 Membership in each religious group is based on self-identification. It relies on the number of people around the world who view themselves as belonging to various religious groups. The study does not attempt to measure the degree to which members of these groups actively practice their faiths or how religious they are. For definitions of the religious groups, see the Pew Research Center’s December 2012 report “The Global Religious Landscape.”

www.pewresearch.org/religion 2 PEW RESEARCH CENTER the case of European countries, by researchers at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Laxenburg, Austria.

In order to have data that were comparable across many countries, the study focused on five widely recognized – , , , and – that collectively account for roughly three-quarters of the world’s population. The remainder of the global population was consolidated into three additional groups: the religiously unaffiliated (those who say they are atheists, agnostics or in particular); adherents of folk or traditional religions (including members of African traditional religions, Chinese folk religions, Native American religions and Australian aboriginal religions); and adherents of other religions (such as the Baha’i , , Shintoism, , , Tenrikyo, and ).

Some efforts to measure religious diversity have attempted to take into account subgroups of the major religious .3 The main challenge in looking at religious diversity in this way is the serious data limitations for subgroups within religions other than Christianity. For most countries, Pew Research was able to generate estimates for four main types of – Catholics, Protestants, Orthodox and the remainder as an “other” category.4 For some countries with large Muslim populations, Pew Research has estimated the size of two main subgroups – Sunnis and Shias – but these are only approximations, expressed in ranges.5 Beyond Christians and , cross-national demographic data on religious subgroups are generally not available. For this , the study is limited to the eight major categories described above.

As noted in previous Pew Research reports, some of the faiths that have been consolidated into the “” and “other religion” categories have millions of adherents around the world. However, in the overwhelming majority of countries, these religions are not specifically measured in censuses, large-scale surveys or population registers.

The Religious Diversity Index is a version of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, which is commonly used in environmental and business studies to measure the degree of ecological diversity or market concentration. The main difference is that Religious Diversity Index scores are inverted so that higher scores indicate higher diversity. (For more details on the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and the methods used to calculate the Religious Diversity Index scores, see the Methodology.)

3 See Grim, Brian J., Vegard Skirbekk, and Crespo Cuaresma. 2013. “Deregulation and Demographic Change: A Key to Understanding Whether Religious Plurality Leads to Strife.” Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion volume 9, article 8. 4 See the Pew Research Center’s December 2011 report “Global Christianity: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian Population.” 5 For more information, see Methodology for Sunni-Shia Estimates in the Pew Research Center’s October 2009 report “Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Muslim Population.”

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The 10-point Religious Diversity Index is divided into four ranges: Countries with scores of 7.0 and higher (the top 5%) are categorized as having a “very high” degree of religious diversity. Countries with scores from 5.3 to 6.9 (the next highest 15% of scores) are categorized as having a “high” level of diversity.6 Countries with scores from 3.1 to 5.2 (the following 20% of scores) are categorized as having “moderate” diversity, while the rest are categorized as having “low” diversity.

6 In this report, 16% of countries ended up in the “high” category because of tie scores.

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Looking at the percentage of each country’s population that belongs to the eight major religious categories included in the study, 12 countries have a very high degree of religious diversity. Six of the 12 are in the Asia-Pacific region (Singapore, Taiwan, , South , and Hong Kong); five are in sub-Saharan Africa (Guinea-Bissau, , , Benin and Mozambique); and one is in America and the Caribbean (Suriname). No countries in Europe, North America or the - region have a very high degree of religious diversity as measured in this study.

Of the 232 countries in the study, Singapore – an island nation of more than 5 million people situated at the southern tip of Malaysia – has the highest score on the Religious Diversity Index. About a third of Singapore’s population is Buddhist (34%), while 18% are Christian, 16% are religiously unaffiliated, 14% are Muslim, 5% are Hindu and <1% are Jewish. The remainder of the population belongs to folk or traditional religions (2%) or to other religions considered as a group (10%).

Examples of Countries With Different Levels of Religious Diversity % of each country’s population that belongs to each of eight major religious groups

Religious groups are ordered from largest to smallest by overall global share. Folk or traditional religionists include followers of African traditional religions, Chinese folk religions, Native American religions and Australian aboriginal religions. The “Other religions” category includes Baha’is, Jains, Sikhs, Shintoists, Taoists, followers of Tenrikyo, Wiccans, Zoroastrians and adherents of many other faiths. Figures may not add to 100% due to rounding. Data are for 2010. For details on how the Religious Diversity Index (RDI) scores are calculated, see the Methodology.

“Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

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According to the new index, the has a moderate level of religious diversity, ranking 68th among the 232 countries and territories included in the study. Counting both adults and children, Christians constitute a sizable majority of the 2010 U.S. population (78%). Of the seven other major religious groups, only the religiously unaffiliated claim a substantial share of the U.S. population (16%).7 All other religious groups combined account for about 5% of Americans. (The U.S. would register as considerably more diverse if subgroups within Christianity were counted.8)

By contrast, has a high degree of religious diversity, ranking 25th among the 232 countries. Christians make up 63% of France’s 2010 population, and two other groups account for sizable shares: the religiously unaffiliated (28%) and Muslims (8%). , whose population is almost entirely Muslim, falls into the low diversity category.

To see how all 232 countries scored on the Religious Diversity Index, see Appendix 1.

7 As noted in the text, the figures in this report are for 2010. The Pew Research Center’s latest religious affiliation estimates for the U.S. show that just under 20% of the adult population is religiously unaffiliated, part of a trend toward disaffiliation that has accelerated over the past five years. For more information, see the Pew Research Center’s July 2013 report “Growth of the Nonreligious” and October 2012 report “‘Nones’ on the Rise.” Note, however, that Pew Research surveys include only adults ages 18 and older, while Pew Research demographic estimates take into account people of all ages. For more details, see “Age Structure Procedures” in the Methodology of the December 2012 report “The Global Religious Landscape.” 8 For more information on the religious breakdown of U.S. adults, see the Pew Research Center’s 2008 report “U.S. Religious Landscape Survey.”

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Levels of Religious Diversity Countries are shaded according to level of religious diversity

Based on Religious Diversity Index scores. For more information about how the index is calculated, see the Methodology. Data are for 2010. “Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

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Religious Diversity by Region

Religious diversity differs substantially by geographic region. Among the six regions analyzed in this study, the Asia-Pacific region has the highest level of religious diversity, followed by sub- Saharan Africa. Europe and North America have a moderate level of religious diversity, while the Latin America-Caribbean and Middle East-North Africa regions have a low degree of religious diversity.

To see Religious Diversity Index scores for countries and regions, see Appendix 2. That appendix also includes the percentage of each country’s population that belongs to each of the eight major religious groups in the study. For more information on the size, share and geographic distribution of each of the major religious groups, see Pew Research’s 2012 report “The Global Religious Landscape.”

Religious Diversity Around the World % of each region’s population that belongs to each of eight major religious groups

Religious groups are ordered from largest to smallest by overall global share. Folk religionists include followers of African traditional religions, Chinese folk religions, Native American religions and Australian aboriginal religions. The “Other religions” category includes Baha’is, Jains, Sikhs, Shintoists, Taoists, followers of Tenrikyo, Wiccans, Zoroastrians and adherents of many other faiths. Figures may not add to 100% due to rounding. Data are for 2010. For details on how the Religious Diversity Index (RDI) scores are calculated, see the Methodology.

“Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

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Methodology

This study calculates Religious Diversity Index (RDI) scores for countries, regions and the world based on the shares of eight major world religions (Buddhism, Christianity, folk or traditional religions, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, other religions considered as a group, and the religiously unaffiliated). The methodology used by Pew Research to calculate the levels of religious diversity was developed by former senior researcher Brian J. Grim in consultation with other members of the Pew Research Center staff, building on a methodology that Grim developed with Todd M. Johnson, director of the Center for the Study of Global Christianity.9

The RDI is a version of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, which is used in various fields to measure the degree of concentration of or biological populations as well as organizations. The main difference is that RDI scores are inverted so that higher scores indicate higher diversity.10

The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index is a widely accepted measure of concentration used by biologists, ecologists, linguists, economists, sociologists and demographers. For instance, the U.S. Department of and the Federal Reserve Board use the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to evaluate the competitive effects of mergers.11 A variant of the index was introduced as a measure to describe the diversity of ecological populations and was used in a variety of related studies, including measuring the diversity of languages spoken in a region.12 Starting in the 1960s, the index was used to measure population groups, including occupations and religions.13 Sociologists and other population researchers consider the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index a reliable measure to describe religious diversity.14

9 See Johnson, Todd M. and Brian J. Grim. 2013. Chapter 3: Religious Diversity. The World’s Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography. Wiley-Blackwell, pages 93-108. 10 The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), sometimes called the Simpsons Ecological Diversity Index, is named for economists Orris C. Herfindahl and Albert O. Hirschman, who were the first to use it to measure industry concentration (that is, the extent to which a small number of companies account for the majority of a given market). See Charles R. Laine. June 22, 1995. “The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index: A Concentration Measure Taking the Consumer’s Point of View.” Antitrust Bulletin. 11 Calkins, Stephen. 1983. The New Merger Guidelines and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. California Review, volume 71, pages 402- 429. Also see Rhoades, Stephen A. 1993. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. Federal Reserve Bulletin, volume 79, pages 188-189. 12 For more information on the use of the index to measure ecological diversity, see Simpson, E.H. 1949. Measurement of Diversity. . Vol. 163: 688. For more information on the use of the index in measuring linguistic diversity, see Greenberg, Joseph H. 1956. The Measurement of Linguistic Diversity. Language volume 32, pages 109-115. 13 Gibbs, J.P. and W.T. Martin. 1962. Urbanization, Technology and the Division of Labor. American Sociological Review volume 27, pages 667-677. Also see Lieberson, Stanley. 1969. Measuring Population Diversity. American Sociological Review, volume 34, pages 850-862. 14 See Barro, Robert J. and Rachel M. McCleary. 2003. Religion and Economic Growth Across Countries. American Sociological Review, volume 68, pages 760-781; Iannaccone, Laurence R. 1991. The Consequences of Religious Market Structure. Rationality and Society, volume 3, pages 156-177; Johnson, Todd M. and Brian J. Grim. 2013. The World’s Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography. Wiley-Blackwell; and Phillips, Rick. 1998. Religious Market Share and Mormon Church Activity. of Religion, volume 59, pages 117-130.

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Although the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index is one of the most commonly used measures of Step 1: Calculating the Religious diversity, there are other measures in use, Diversity Index including the raw number of different religions Calculating the RDI for the United States of a certain share or size in a country.15 % of country Religion population % squared Christian 78.3% 6,132.3 Muslim 0.9 0.8 Unaffiliated 16.4 269.8 Hindu 0.6 0.3 The Religious Diversity Index (RDI) is Buddhist 1.2 1.3 Folk religions 0.2 0.0 calculated using a three-step procedure. First, Other religions 0.6 0.4 the shares of the eight major religious groups Jewish 1.8 3.4 analyzed in this study are squared and Total 100 6,408.3 summed. For example, in a case where the Figures are calculated based on unrounded numbers and are entire population belongs to one religious displayed rounded to the nearest tenth. group, the first step results in a score of 10,000 “Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014 PEW RESEARCH CENTER (1002 = 10,000). By contrast, in a case where the population is equally distributed among the eight religious groups (12.5% each), the first step would result in a score of 1,250 (12.52 + 12.52 + 12.52 + 12.52 + 12.52 + 12.52 + 12.52 + 12.52 = 1,250). This first- step score of 1,250 represents maximum possible diversity when Step 2: Calculating the eight groups are considered. (See tables to the right and below Religious Diversity Index for an example of calculating the RDI.) Calculating the RDI for the United States Second, the first-step score is inverted so that lower scores 10,000 reflect lower religious diversity and higher scores reflect higher -6,408.3 3,591.7 religious diversity. To invert the scores, the first-step score is subtracted from the score representing no religious diversity Figures are calculated based on unrounded numbers and are displayed rounded to the (10,000). In the case where the entire population belongs to one nearest tenth. religious group, the score would now become 0 (10,000– “Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014 10,000=0). In the case where the population is equally PEW RESEARCH CENTER distributed among the eight religious groups, the score would now become 8,750 (10,000–1,250=8,750). This inverted second-step score of 8,750 now represents maximum possible diversity when eight groups are considered.

15 A variety of approaches have been used to gauge the level of diversity in a society. They generally focus on one of five main indicators: fractionalization (the degree to which a society is split into distinct groups often measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index); minority group size (in share and/or absolute number); polarization (maximum level is when there are only two groups of equal size); dominance (ranking based on the size of the largest group); and cleavages or splits (based on the size of the largest and second largest groups). See Johnson, Todd M. and Brian J. Grim. 2013., Chapter 3: Religious Diversity. The World’s Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography. Wiley-Blackwell, pages 93-108.

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Third, the second-step score is divided by 875 to put the final Religious Diversity Index on a 0-10 scale. In the case where the Step 3: Calculating the entire population belongs to one religious group, the score would Religious Diversity Index remain 0 (0/875=0). But in the case where the population is Calculating the RDI for the United States equally distributed among the eight major religious groups, the 3,591.7 score would now become 10 (8,750/875=10). ÷875 4.1

Figures are calculated based on unrounded numbers and are displayed rounded to the nearest tenth. “Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

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The Religious Diversity Index Religious Diversity Index Score Levels is divided into four ranges: Number of countries with Religious Diversity Index scores at each level very high (the top 5% of scores), high (the next highest 15% of scores, which works out to 16% because of tie scores), moderate (the next 20% of scores) and low (the bottom 59% of scores). Readers should note that since the RDI measures the level of religious diversity based on the shares of eight religious groups, there is no precise breakpoint for the levels based on the size of the largest group. Nevertheless, some generalizations are possible. In countries with very high diversity, the largest religious group usually makes up no more than 50% of the population and at least two other religious groups each account for 10% or more of the population. In countries with high religious diversity, the Based on Religious Diversity Index scores. For more information about how the index is calculated, see the Methodology. largest religious group generally accounts for less “Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014 PEW RESEARCH CENTER than 70% of the population and two or more groups account for most of the remainder. In countries with moderate religious diversity, the largest religion usually accounts for 70-85% of the population, while the remainder of the population tends to belong to one other religion. And in countries with low religious diversity, the largest group typically accounts for more than 85% of the population.

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This new Pew Research study uses its estimates from the December 2012 report “The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Major Religious Groups as of 2010” to analyze religious diversity in 232 countries and territories for the year 2010. The study includes estimates for Christians, Muslims, the religiously unaffiliated, , Buddhists, folk religionists, adherents of other religions and . Taken together, these eight major religious groups comprise the world’s total population.

As part of the Global Religious Landscape report, Pew Research staff acquired and analyzed religious composition information from about 2,500 data sources, including censuses, demographic surveys, general population surveys and other studies – the largest project of its kind to date.16 Censuses were the primary source for Pew Research’s religious composition estimates in 90 countries, which together cover 45% of all people in the world. Large-scale demographic surveys were the primary sources for an additional 43 countries, representing 12% of the global population. General population surveys were the primary source of data for an additional 42 countries, representing 37% of the global population.

Together, censuses or surveys provided estimates for 175 countries representing 95% of the world’s population. In the remaining 57 countries, representing 5% of the world’s population, the primary sources for the religious-composition estimates include population registers and institutional membership statistics reported in the World Religion Database and other sources.

The measure of religious in this study is sociological rather than theological. In order to have statistics that are comparable across countries, the study attempts to count individuals who self-identify with each religion. This includes people who hold beliefs that may be viewed as unorthodox or heretical by others who claim the same religion. It also includes people who do not regularly practice the behaviors prescribed by their religion, such as those who seldom pray or attend services.

For more information, see the Methodology of the Global Religious Landscape report. A list of the primary sources used to estimate the overall religious composition of each country is provided in Appendix B (PDF) of that report.

16 Population figures used in this report and the 2012 Global Religious Landscape report may differ slightly from figures available on the Global Religious Futures project’s website. The website is periodically updated to reflect more recent or higher- data as they become available.

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Geographic distribution and/or segregation are important aspect of diversity. For instance, a recent analysis of census data indicates that even though racial diversity is increasing in the United States, it is rare to see highly diverse neighborhoods because segregation is still a common phenomenon.17 However, religious diversity at the subnational or neighborhood level is not estimated in this study primarily because of a lack of data at this level for almost every country in the world.

This report groups 232 countries and territories into six major regions: Asia and the Pacific, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, North America and sub-Saharan Africa. Some previous Pew Research reports including “Global Christianity: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian Population” and “The of the Global Muslim Population” grouped the world into five regions, with an region that included both North America and Latin America and the Caribbean.

The 60 countries and territories in the Asia and the Pacific region are: , American Samoa, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), , China, Cook Islands, Cyprus, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Hong Kong, , Indonesia, Iran, , , Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, , Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, North Korea, Northern Mariana Islands, , Palau, New Guinea, the , Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Korea, , Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, , Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam and Wallis and Futuna.

The 50 countries and territories in Europe are: Albania, , Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faeroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, , Latvia, Liechtenstein, , Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, , Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of , Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom and Vatican City.

17 See Holloway, Steven R., Richard Wright and Mark Ellis. 2012. The Racially Fragmented City? Neighborhood Racial Segregation and Diversity Jointly Considered. The Professional Geographer, volume 64, issue 1, pages 63-82.

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The 46 countries and territories in Latin America and the Caribbean are: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guiana, , Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, , Puerto Rico, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, Uruguay and Venezuela.

The 20 countries and territories of the Middle East and North Africa are: Algeria, Bahrain, , Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, the Palestinian territories, Qatar, , Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Western Sahara and Yemen.

The five countries and territories of North America are: Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, St. Pierre and Miquelon and the United States.

The 51 countries and territories of sub-Saharan Africa are: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, , Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, , Mali, , Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, , Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, St. Helena, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

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Appendix 1: Religious Diversity Index

The following table shows all 232 countries and territories in descending order of their scores on the Pew Research Center's index of religious diversity. This study calculates Religious Diversity Index (RDI) scores for countries, regions and the world based on the shares of eight major world religions (Buddhists, Christians, folk religions, Hindus, Jews, Muslims, other religions considered as a group, and the religiously unaffiliated). The index is on a scale from 0-10, with 10 maximum possible diversity if each of the eight groups constitutes an equal share the population. The RDI is divided into four ranges: very high (the top 5% of scores), high (the next highest 15% of scores, which works out to 16% because of tie scores), moderate (the next 20% of scores) and low (the bottom 59% of scores). Data are for 2010.

Very High Trinidad and Tobago 5.8 Kuwait 4.8 SCORES 7.0 AND HIGHER Fiji 5.8 Brunei 4.8 Singapore 9.0 Qatar 5.7 Belarus 4.7 Taiwan 8.2 Belgium 5.7 Ghana 4.7 Vietnam 7.7 Uruguay 5.7 Cyprus 4.6 Suriname 7.6 Tanzania 5.7 Bermuda 4.6 Guinea-Bissau 7.5 Guyana 5.7 Gabon 4.5 Togo 7.5 Latvia 5.7 Israel 4.5 Ivory Coast 7.4 Republic of Macedonia 5.6 Bhutan 4.5 South Korea 7.4 Australia 5.6 United Arab Emirates 4.4 China 7.3 Sri Lanka 5.6 Jamaica 4.3 Hong Kong 7.2 Ethiopia 5.6 Nauru 4.1 Benin 7.2 Estonia 5.5 Czech Republic 4.1 Mozambique 7.0 Lebanon 5.5 United States 4.1 Bahrain 5.4 Montenegro 4.0 Sweden 5.4 Slovenia 4.0 High Eritrea 5.4 Burma (Myanmar) 4.0 SCORES FROM 5.3 TO 6.9 Laos 5.4 Sierra Leone 4.0 Macau 6.8 Cameroon 5.3 India 4.0 Mauritius 6.7 Canada 5.3 Spain 3.9 Cuba 6.5 Germany 5.3 Nepal 3.8 Mongolia 6.5 North Korea 5.3 Austria 3.8 Netherlands 6.4 Northern Mariana Islands 3.7 Malaysia 6.3 Albania 3.7 Burkina Faso 6.2 Moderate Switzerland 3.7 Japan 6.2 SCORES FROM 3.1 TO 5.2 South Africa 3.6 New Zealand 6.2 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 5.1 Hungary 3.5 Chad 6.0 United Kingdom 5.1 Sao Tome and Principe 3.5 South Sudan 6.0 Kazakhstan 5.0 Bulgaria 3.5 Bosnia-Herzegovina 6.0 Botswana 5.0 Finland 3.5 France 5.9 Luxembourg 4.9 Malawi 3.4 Nigeria 5.9 Russia 4.9 Cayman Islands 3.3 16 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

Religious Diversity Index (cont.) Italy 3.3 Anguilla 2.0 Niue 0.8 Denmark 3.3 Sudan 2.0 Pakistan 0.8 French Guiana 3.2 Costa Rica 1.9 Martinique 0.8 British Virgin Islands 3.2 St. Lucia 1.9 St. Helena 0.8 Ukraine 3.1 Burundi 1.8 Grenada 0.8 Guinea 3.1 San Marino 1.8 Libya 0.7 Kenya 3.1 Liechtenstein 1.7 Tuvalu 0.7 Norway 3.1 Aruba 1.7 Tajikistan 0.7 Isle of Man 3.1 Ireland 1.7 Puerto Rico 0.7 Turks and Caicos Islands 1.7 Uzbekistan 0.7 Mali 1.6 Samoa 0.7 Low Serbia 1.6 Lesotho 0.7 SCORES FROM 0 to 3.0 Colombia 1.6 Djibouti 0.7 Madagascar 3.0 Philippines 1.6 Cambodia 0.7 New Caledonia 3.0 Syria 1.6 Azerbaijan 0.7 Argentina 3.0 Saudi Arabia 1.5 Paraguay 0.7 Oman 2.9 Antigua and Barbuda 1.5 Kiribati 0.7 Channel Islands 2.9 Panama 1.5 Malta 0.7 Republic of the Congo 2.9 Turkmenistan 1.5 Jordan 0.6 Slovakia 2.9 Thailand 1.5 Solomon Islands 0.6 Nicaragua 2.8 Vanuatu 1.5 Moldova 0.6 Liberia 2.8 Rwanda 1.4 Wallis and Futuna 0.6 Monaco 2.8 Croatia 1.4 Marshall Islands 0.6 Palau 2.7 Montserrat 1.4 Namibia 0.6 Zimbabwe 2.7 Portugal 1.4 Palestinian territories 0.5 Uganda 2.7 Netherlands Antilles 1.3 Zambia 0.5 Haiti 2.7 Bolivia 1.3 Algeria 0.5 Indonesia 2.6 Seychelles 1.3 Turkey 0.4 Kosovo 2.6 French Polynesia 1.3 Faeroe Islands 0.4 Reunion 2.6 Guam 1.3 Comoros 0.4 Belize 2.6 Ecuador 1.3 American Samoa 0.4 Honduras 2.5 Dominica 1.2 Maldives 0.4 Greece 2.5 Poland 1.2 Niger 0.4 Swaziland 2.4 St. Kitts and Nevis 1.2 Armenia 0.3 Dominican Republic 2.4 St. Pierre and Miquelon 1.2 Mayotte 0.3 Kyrgyzstan 2.4 U.S. Virgin Islands 1.1 Tonga 0.3 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2.4 Egypt 1.1 Iraq 0.2 El Salvador 2.4 Iceland 1.1 Yemen 0.2 Equatorial Guinea 2.4 Guatemala 1.1 Mauritania 0.2 Gibraltar 2.4 Gambia 1.1 Papua New Guinea 0.2 Georgia 2.3 Barbados 1.1 Western Sahara 0.1 Brazil 2.3 Mexico 1.1 Iran 0.1 Cape Verde 2.3 Federated States of Micronesia 1.0 Romania 0.1 Chile 2.2 Peru 1.0 Tunisia 0.1 Central African Republic 2.2 Dem. Rep. of the Congo 0.9 Timor-Leste 0.1 Andorra 2.2 Guadeloupe 0.9 Afghanistan 0.1 Venezuela 2.2 Cook Islands 0.9 Somalia 0.1 Bangladesh 2.1 Bahamas 0.9 Tokelau 0.0 Lithuania 2.1 Greenland 0.9 Morocco 0.0 Angola 2.0 Senegal 0.8 Vatican City 0.0 17 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

Appendix 2: Religious Diversity Index Scores and Religious Adherents by Region and Country

PERCENT PERCENT 2010 PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT FOLK OTHER PERCENT COUNTRY COUNTRY RDI CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST RELIGION RELIGION JEWISH POPULATION Afghanistan 0.1 0.1 % 99.7 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 % 31,410,000 Albania 3.7 18.0 80.3 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 3,200,000 Algeria 0.5 0.2 97.9 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 35,470,000 American Samoa 0.4 98.3 < 0.1 0.7 < 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 < 0.1 70,000 Andorra 2.2 89.5 0.8 8.8 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 0.3 80,000 Angola 2.0 90.5 0.2 5.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 19,080,000 Anguilla 2.0 90.6 0.3 4.0 0.4 < 0.1 2.9 1.6 0.1 20,000 Antigua and Barbuda 1.5 93.0 0.6 1.7 0.2 < 0.1 3.6 1.0 < 0.1 90,000 Argentina 3.0 85.2 1.0 12.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.5 40,410,000 Armenia 0.3 98.5 < 0.1 1.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 3,090,000 Aruba 1.7 91.9 0.2 6.0 < 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.1 0.4 110,000 Australia 5.6 67.3 2.4 24.2 1.4 2.7 0.7 0.8 0.5 22,270,000 Austria 3.8 80.4 5.4 13.5 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.1 0.2 8,390,000 Azerbaijan 0.7 3.0 96.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 9,190,000 Bahamas 0.9 96.0 0.1 3.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.3 < 0.1 340,000 Bahrain 5.4 14.5 70.3 1.9 9.8 2.5 < 0.1 0.2 0.6 1,260,000 Bangladesh 2.1 0.2 89.8 < 0.1 9.1 0.5 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 148,690,000 Barbados 1.1 95.2 1.0 1.9 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 < 0.1 270,000 Belarus 4.7 71.2 0.2 28.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 9,600,000 Belgium 5.7 64.2 5.9 29.0 < 0.1 0.2 0.2 < 0.1 0.3 10,710,000 Belize 2.6 87.6 0.1 8.9 0.2 0.5 1.5 0.1 1.0 310,000 Benin 7.2 53.0 23.8 5.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 18.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 8,850,000 Bermuda 4.6 75.0 1.1 19.4 < 0.1 0.5 3.0 0.8 0.3 60,000 Bhutan 4.5 0.5 0.2 < 0.1 22.6 74.7 1.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 730,000 Bolivia 1.3 93.9 < 0.1 4.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 1.0 < 0.1 9,930,000 Bosnia-Herzegovina 6.0 52.3 45.2 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 3,760,000 Botswana 5.0 72.1 0.4 20.6 0.3 < 0.1 6.0 0.6 < 0.1 2,010,000 Brazil 2.3 88.9 < 0.1 7.9 < 0.1 0.1 2.8 0.2 < 0.1 194,950,000 British Virgin Islands 3.2 84.5 1.2 3.9 1.2 < 0.1 8.4 0.8 < 0.1 20,000 Brunei 4.8 9.4 75.1 0.4 0.3 8.6 6.2 0.1 < 0.1 400,000 Bulgaria 3.5 82.1 13.7 4.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 7,490,000 Burkina Faso 6.2 22.5 61.6 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 15.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 16,470,000 Burma (Myanmar) 4.0 7.8 4.0 0.5 1.7 80.1 5.8 0.2 < 0.1 47,960,000 Burundi 1.8 91.5 2.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 8,380,000 Cambodia 0.7 0.4 2.0 0.2 < 0.1 96.9 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 14,140,000 Cameroon 5.3 70.3 18.3 5.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 3.3 2.7 < 0.1 19,600,000 Canada 5.3 69.0 2.1 23.7 1.4 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.0 34,020,000 Cape Verde 2.3 89.1 0.1 9.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.5 0.2 < 0.1 500,000 Cayman Islands 3.3 83.5 0.4 9.4 0.9 < 0.1 4.5 0.6 0.8 60,000 18 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

PERCENT PERCENT 2010 PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT FOLK OTHER PERCENT COUNTRY COUNTRY RDI CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST RELIGION RELIGION JEWISH POPULATION Central African Republic 2.2 89.5 8.5 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,400,000 Chad 6.0 40.6 55.3 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 0.1 < 0.1 11,230,000 Channel Islands 2.9 85.2 < 0.1 14.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 150,000 Chile 2.2 89.4 < 0.1 8.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.5 0.2 0.1 17,110,000 China 7.3 5.1 1.8 52.2 < 0.1 18.2 21.9 0.7 < 0.1 1,341,340,000 Colombia 1.6 92.5 < 0.1 6.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 46,290,000 Comoros 0.4 0.5 98.3 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 730,000 Cook Islands 0.9 96.0 < 0.1 3.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 20,000 Costa Rica 1.9 90.9 < 0.1 7.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 0.3 < 0.1 4,660,000 Croatia 1.4 93.4 1.4 5.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,400,000 Cuba 6.5 59.2 < 0.1 23.0 0.2 < 0.1 17.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 11,260,000 Cyprus 4.6 73.2 25.3 1.2 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1,100,000 Czech Republic 4.1 23.3 < 0.1 76.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 10,490,000 Dem. Rep. of the Congo 0.9 95.8 1.5 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.7 0.1 < 0.1 65,970,000 Denmark 3.3 83.5 4.1 11.8 0.4 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,550,000 Djibouti 0.7 2.3 96.9 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 0.2 890,000 Dominica 1.2 94.4 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 0.1 3.0 1.7 < 0.1 70,000 Dominican Republic 2.4 88.0 < 0.1 10.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 0.1 < 0.1 9,930,000 Ecuador 1.3 94.1 < 0.1 5.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 14,460,000 Egypt 1.1 5.1 94.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 81,120,000 El Salvador 2.4 88.2 < 0.1 11.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 0.3 < 0.1 6,190,000 Equatorial Guinea 2.4 88.7 4.0 5.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 0.5 < 0.1 700,000 Eritrea 5.4 62.9 36.6 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,250,000 Estonia 5.5 39.9 0.2 59.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 1,340,000 Ethiopia 5.6 62.8 34.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 82,950,000 Faeroe Islands 0.4 98.0 < 0.1 1.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 50,000 Falkland Is. (Malvinas) 5.1 67.2 0.3 31.5 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 < 10,000 Fed. States of Micronesia 1.0 95.3 < 0.1 0.9 < 0.1 0.4 2.7 0.7 < 0.1 110,000 Fiji 5.8 64.4 6.3 0.8 27.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 860,000 Finland 3.5 81.6 0.8 17.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,360,000 France 5.9 63.0 7.5 28.0 < 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.5 62,790,000 French Guiana 3.2 84.4 0.9 3.4 1.6 < 0.1 9.1 0.5 < 0.1 230,000 French Polynesia 1.3 94.0 < 0.1 4.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 0.4 < 0.1 270,000 Gabon 4.5 76.5 11.2 5.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 6.0 0.7 < 0.1 1,510,000 Gambia 1.1 4.5 95.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1,730,000 Georgia 2.3 88.5 10.7 0.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,350,000 Germany 5.3 68.7 5.8 24.7 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 0.1 0.3 82,300,000 Ghana 4.7 74.9 15.8 4.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.9 0.2 < 0.1 24,390,000 Gibraltar 2.4 88.8 4.0 2.9 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 2.1 30,000 Greece 2.5 88.1 5.3 6.1 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 11,360,000 19 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

PERCENT PERCENT 2010 PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT FOLK OTHER PERCENT COUNTRY COUNTRY RDI CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST RELIGION RELIGION JEWISH POPULATION Greenland 0.9 96.1 < 0.1 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 0.6 < 0.1 60,000 Grenada 0.8 96.6 0.3 1.0 0.7 < 0.1 1.3 0.2 < 0.1 100,000 Guadeloupe 0.9 95.9 0.4 2.5 0.5 < 0.1 0.4 0.4 < 0.1 460,000 Guam 1.3 94.2 < 0.1 1.7 < 0.1 1.1 1.5 1.6 < 0.1 180,000 Guatemala 1.1 95.2 < 0.1 4.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 14,390,000 Guinea 3.1 10.9 84.4 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 9,980,000 Guinea-Bissau 7.5 19.7 45.1 4.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 30.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 1,520,000 Guyana 5.7 66.0 6.4 2.0 24.9 < 0.1 0.2 0.6 < 0.1 750,000 Haiti 2.7 86.9 < 0.1 10.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.2 0.3 < 0.1 9,990,000 Honduras 2.5 87.6 0.1 10.5 < 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.6 < 0.1 7,600,000 Hong Kong 7.2 14.3 1.8 56.1 0.4 13.2 12.8 1.5 < 0.1 7,050,000 Hungary 3.5 81.0 < 0.1 18.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 9,980,000 Iceland 1.1 95.0 0.2 3.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 < 0.1 320,000 India 4.0 2.5 14.4 < 0.1 79.5 0.8 0.5 2.3 < 0.1 1,224,610,000 Indonesia 2.6 9.9 87.2 < 0.1 1.7 0.7 0.3 0.1 < 0.1 239,870,000 Iran 0.1 0.2 99.5 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 73,970,000 Iraq 0.2 0.8 99.0 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 31,670,000 Ireland 1.7 92.0 1.1 6.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,470,000 Isle of Man 3.1 84.1 0.2 15.4 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 80,000 Israel 4.5 2.0 18.6 3.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 75.6 7,420,000 Italy 3.3 83.3 3.7 12.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 60,550,000 Ivory Coast 7.4 44.1 37.5 8.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 10.2 0.2 < 0.1 19,740,000 Jamaica 4.3 77.2 < 0.1 17.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.5 1.0 < 0.1 2,740,000 Japan 6.2 1.6 0.2 57.0 < 0.1 36.2 0.4 4.7 < 0.1 126,540,000 Jordan 0.6 2.2 97.2 < 0.1 0.1 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 6,190,000 Kazakhstan 5.0 24.8 70.4 4.2 < 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 < 0.1 16,030,000 Kenya 3.1 84.8 9.7 2.5 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 1.2 < 0.1 40,510,000 Kiribati 0.7 97.0 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.2 < 0.1 100,000 Kosovo 2.6 11.4 87.0 1.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,080,000 Kuwait 4.8 14.3 74.1 < 0.1 8.5 2.8 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 2,740,000 Kyrgyzstan 2.4 11.4 88.0 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,330,000 Laos 5.4 1.5 < 0.1 0.9 < 0.1 66.0 30.7 0.7 < 0.1 6,200,000 Latvia 5.7 55.8 0.1 43.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 2,250,000 Lebanon 5.5 38.3 61.3 0.3 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,230,000 Lesotho 0.7 96.8 < 0.1 3.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,170,000 Liberia 2.8 85.9 12.0 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 0.1 < 0.1 3,990,000 Libya 0.7 2.7 96.6 0.2 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 6,360,000 Liechtenstein 1.7 91.9 5.0 2.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 40,000 Lithuania 2.1 89.8 < 0.1 10.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 3,320,000 Luxembourg 4.9 70.4 2.3 26.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.1 510,000 20 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

PERCENT PERCENT 2010 PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT FOLK OTHER PERCENT COUNTRY COUNTRY RDI CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST RELIGION RELIGION JEWISH POPULATION Macau 6.8 7.2 0.2 15.4 < 0.1 17.3 58.9 1.0 < 0.1 540,000 Madagascar 3.0 85.3 3.0 6.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 20,710,000 Malawi 3.4 82.7 13.0 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 14,900,000 Malaysia 6.3 9.4 63.7 0.7 6.0 17.7 2.3 0.2 < 0.1 28,400,000 Maldives 0.4 0.4 98.4 < 0.1 0.3 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 320,000 Mali 1.6 3.2 92.4 2.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 15,370,000 Malta 0.7 97.0 0.2 2.5 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 420,000 Marshall Islands 0.6 97.5 < 0.1 1.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.8 < 0.1 50,000 Martinique 0.8 96.5 0.2 2.3 0.2 < 0.1 0.2 0.6 < 0.1 410,000 Mauritania 0.2 0.3 99.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 3,460,000 Mauritius 6.7 25.3 16.7 0.6 56.4 < 0.1 0.7 0.3 < 0.1 1,300,000 Mayotte 0.3 0.7 98.6 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 200,000 Mexico 1.1 95.1 < 0.1 4.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 113,420,000 Moldova 0.6 97.4 0.6 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 3,570,000 Monaco 2.8 86.0 0.4 11.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 1.7 40,000 Mongolia 6.5 2.3 3.2 35.9 < 0.1 55.1 3.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,760,000 Montenegro 4.0 78.1 18.7 3.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 630,000 Montserrat 1.4 93.5 < 0.1 4.8 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 1.5 < 0.1 < 10,000 Morocco 0.0 < 0.1 99.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 31,950,000 Mozambique 7.0 56.7 18.0 17.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 7.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 23,390,000 Namibia 0.6 97.5 0.3 1.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,280,000 Nauru 4.1 79.0 < 0.1 4.5 < 0.1 1.1 8.1 7.4 < 0.1 10,000 Nepal 3.8 0.5 4.6 0.3 80.7 10.3 3.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 29,960,000 Netherlands 6.4 50.6 6.0 42.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 16,610,000 Netherlands Antilles 1.3 93.9 0.2 3.3 0.2 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.3 200,000 New Caledonia 3.0 85.2 2.8 10.4 < 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.8 < 0.1 250,000 New Zealand 6.2 57.0 1.2 36.6 2.1 1.6 0.5 0.7 0.2 4,370,000 Nicaragua 2.8 85.8 < 0.1 12.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 0.1 < 0.1 5,790,000 Niger 0.4 0.8 98.4 0.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 15,510,000 Nigeria 5.9 49.3 48.8 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 158,420,000 Niue 0.8 96.4 < 0.1 3.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 10,000 North Korea 5.3 2.0 < 0.1 71.3 < 0.1 1.5 12.3 12.9 < 0.1 24,350,000 Northern Mariana Is. 3.7 81.3 0.7 1.0 < 0.1 10.6 5.3 1.1 < 0.1 60,000 Norway 3.1 84.7 3.7 10.1 0.5 0.6 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 4,880,000 Oman 2.9 6.5 85.9 0.2 5.5 0.8 < 0.1 1.0 < 0.1 2,780,000 Pakistan 0.8 1.6 96.4 < 0.1 1.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 173,590,000 Palau 2.7 86.7 < 0.1 1.2 < 0.1 0.8 0.8 10.4 < 0.1 20,000 Palestinian territories 0.5 2.4 97.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,040,000 Panama 1.5 93.0 0.7 4.8 < 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 3,520,000 Papua New Guinea 0.2 99.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 0.2 < 0.1 6,860,000 21 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

PERCENT PERCENT 2010 PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT FOLK OTHER PERCENT COUNTRY COUNTRY RDI CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST RELIGION RELIGION JEWISH POPULATION Paraguay 0.7 96.9 < 0.1 1.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 0.2 < 0.1 6,450,000 Peru 1.0 95.5 < 0.1 3.0 < 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.3 < 0.1 29,080,000 Philippines 1.6 92.6 5.5 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.5 0.1 < 0.1 93,260,000 Poland 1.2 94.3 < 0.1 5.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 38,280,000 Portugal 1.4 93.8 0.6 4.4 0.1 0.6 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 10,680,000 Puerto Rico 0.7 96.7 < 0.1 1.9 < 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.1 < 0.1 3,750,000 Qatar 5.7 13.8 67.7 0.9 13.8 3.1 < 0.1 0.7 < 0.1 1,760,000 Republic of Macedonia 5.6 59.3 39.3 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,060,000 Republic of the Congo 2.9 85.9 1.2 9.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.8 1.1 < 0.1 4,040,000 Reunion 2.6 87.6 4.2 2.0 4.5 0.2 0.4 1.1 < 0.1 850,000 Romania 0.1 99.5 0.3 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 21,490,000 Russia 4.9 73.3 10.0 16.2 < 0.1 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.2 142,960,000 Rwanda 1.4 93.4 1.8 3.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 0.2 < 0.1 10,620,000 Samoa 0.7 96.8 < 0.1 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 < 0.1 180,000 San Marino 1.8 91.6 < 0.1 7.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 0.3 30,000 Sao Tome and Principe 3.5 82.2 < 0.1 12.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.9 2.4 < 0.1 170,000 Saudi Arabia 1.5 4.4 93.0 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 < 0.1 27,450,000 Senegal 0.8 3.6 96.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 12,430,000 Serbia 1.6 92.5 4.2 3.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 7,770,000 Seychelles 1.3 94.0 1.1 2.1 2.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 < 0.1 90,000 Sierra Leone 4.0 20.9 78.0 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,870,000 Singapore 9.0 18.2 14.3 16.4 5.2 33.9 2.3 9.7 < 0.1 5,090,000 Slovakia 2.9 85.3 0.2 14.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,460,000 Slovenia 4.0 78.4 3.6 18.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,030,000 Solomon Islands 0.6 97.4 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.3 1.3 0.7 < 0.1 540,000 Somalia 0.1 < 0.1 99.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 9,330,000 South Africa 3.6 81.2 1.7 14.9 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 50,130,000 South Korea 7.4 29.4 0.2 46.4 < 0.1 22.9 0.8 0.2 < 0.1 48,180,000 South Sudan 6.0 60.5 6.2 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 32.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 9,950,000 Spain 3.9 78.6 2.1 19.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 46,080,000 Sri Lanka 5.6 7.3 9.8 < 0.1 13.6 69.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 20,860,000 St. Helena 0.8 96.5 < 0.1 3.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 10,000 St. Kitts and Nevis 1.2 94.6 0.3 1.6 1.5 < 0.1 1.3 0.8 < 0.1 50,000 St. Lucia 1.9 91.1 0.1 6.0 0.3 < 0.1 0.5 2.0 < 0.1 170,000 St. Pierre and Miquelon 1.2 94.7 0.2 3.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.3 < 0.1 < 10,000 St. Vincent and the Gren. 2.4 88.7 1.5 2.5 3.4 < 0.1 2.0 2.0 < 0.1 110,000 Sudan 2.0 5.4 90.7 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 33,600,000 Suriname 7.6 51.6 15.2 5.4 19.8 0.6 5.3 1.8 0.2 520,000 Swaziland 2.4 88.1 0.2 10.1 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 0.4 < 0.1 1,190,000 Sweden 5.4 67.2 4.6 27.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 9,380,000 22 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

PERCENT PERCENT 2010 PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT FOLK OTHER PERCENT COUNTRY COUNTRY RDI CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST RELIGION RELIGION JEWISH POPULATION Switzerland 3.7 81.3 5.5 11.9 0.4 0.4 < 0.1 0.1 0.3 7,660,000 Syria 1.6 5.2 92.8 2.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 20,410,000 Taiwan 8.2 5.5 < 0.1 12.7 < 0.1 21.3 44.2 16.2 < 0.1 23,220,000 Tajikistan 0.7 1.6 96.7 1.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 6,880,000 Tanzania 5.7 61.4 35.2 1.4 0.1 < 0.1 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 44,840,000 Thailand 1.5 0.9 5.5 0.3 0.1 93.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 69,120,000 Timor-Leste 0.1 99.6 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1,120,000 Togo 7.5 43.7 14.0 6.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 35.6 0.6 < 0.1 6,030,000 Tokelau 0.0 99.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 10,000 Tonga 0.3 98.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 < 0.1 100,000 Trinidad and Tobago 5.8 65.9 5.9 1.9 22.7 0.3 1.9 1.4 < 0.1 1,340,000 Tunisia 0.1 0.2 99.5 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 10,480,000 Turkey 0.4 0.4 98.0 1.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 72,750,000 Turkmenistan 1.5 6.4 93.0 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,040,000 Turks and Caicos Islands 1.7 92.1 < 0.1 4.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.7 0.6 < 0.1 40,000 Tuvalu 0.7 96.7 0.1 1.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.9 < 0.1 < 10,000 Uganda 2.7 86.7 11.5 0.5 0.3 < 0.1 0.9 0.1 < 0.1 33,420,000 Ukraine 3.1 83.8 1.2 14.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 45,450,000 United Arab Emirates 4.4 12.6 76.9 1.1 6.6 2.0 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 7,510,000 United Kingdom 5.1 71.1 4.4 21.3 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.5 62,040,000 United States 4.1 78.3 0.9 16.4 0.6 1.2 0.2 0.6 1.8 310,380,000 Uruguay 5.7 57.9 < 0.1 40.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.3 3,370,000 U.S. Virgin Islands 1.1 94.8 0.1 3.7 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 0.3 110,000 Uzbekistan 0.7 2.3 96.7 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 27,440,000 Vanuatu 1.5 93.3 < 0.1 1.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.1 1.4 < 0.1 240,000 Vatican City 0.0 >99.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 10,000 Venezuela 2.2 89.3 0.3 10.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 28,980,000 Vietnam 7.7 8.2 0.2 29.6 < 0.1 16.4 45.3 0.4 < 0.1 87,850,000 Wallis and Futuna 0.6 97.4 < 0.1 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.2 0.8 < 0.1 10,000 Western Sahara 0.1 0.2 99.4 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 530,000 Yemen 0.2 0.2 99.1 0.1 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 24,050,000 Zambia 0.5 97.6 0.5 0.5 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.9 < 0.1 13,090,000 Zimbabwe 2.7 87.0 0.9 7.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 3.8 0.3 < 0.1 12,570,000 Asia-Pacific 9.2 7.1 24.3 21.2 25.3 11.9 9.0 1.3 < 0.1 4,054,990,000 Europe 4.6 75.2 5.9 18.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 742,550,000 Latin America-Caribbean 2.1 90.0 0.1 7.7 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 0.2 < 0.1 590,080,000 Middle East-North Africa 1.5 3.7 93.0 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 1.6 341,020,000 North America 4.2 77.4 1.0 17.1 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.6 1.8 344,530,000 Sub-Saharan Africa 5.8 62.9 30.2 3.2 0.2 < 0.1 3.3 0.2 < 0.1 822,720,000 World 9.0 31.5 23.2 16.3 15.0 7.1 5.9 0.8 0.2 6,895,890,000