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Notion Press Old No. 38, New No. 6 McNichols Road, Chetpet Chennai - 600 031 First Published by Notion Press 2016 Copyright © Edissa Uwayo 2016 All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-1-945825-98-9 This book has been published with all efforts taken to make the material error-free after the consent of the author. However, the author and the publisher do not assume and hereby disclaim any liability to any party for any loss, damage, or disruption caused by errors or omissions, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident, or any other cause. No part of this book may be used, reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the author, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. CONTENTS Preface vii Abstract ix 1. INTRODUCTION TO AVIATION MANAGEMENT 1 1.0. Introduction 1 1.1. History Of Aviation 1 1.2. Meaning And Definitions 12 1.3. Development Of Air Transportation In The World 14 1.4. Characteristics Of Air Transport 18 1.5. Major Players In Airline Industry 20 1.6. Swot Analysis In Air Transport Industry 23 1.7. Market Potential Of Airline Industry 23 1.8. Competition And Marketing Strategies In Airline Business 25 1.9. International Civil Organisations: Iata And Icao 27 2. AIRPORT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT 35 2.1. Introduction 35 2.2. Airport Planning And Design 35 2.3. Operational Area, Terminal Planning And Airport Operations 40 2.4. Airport Operations 56 2.5. Airport Functions 59 2.6. Airport Structure 60 2.7. Organization Structure Of Airline 61 2.8. Airport Authorities 64 3. AIRPORT SERVICES 77 3.0. Introduction 77 3.1. International Trends In Air Transport Service 77 3.2. Emerging Indian Scenario In Air Transport 78 3.3. Public Private Partnership Policy 78 3.4. Private Participation In International Developments 84 3.5. Environment Regulations In Aviation 85 3.6. Environmental Impacts In The Airline Industry 86 3.7. Environmental Regulation At The International Level 90 3.8. Regulatory Issues In Aviation 92 3.9. Meteorological Services For Aviation 94 3.10. Airport Fees, Rates, And Charges 95 vi CONTENTS 4. AIRLINE OPERATIONS 105 4.0. Introduction 105 4.1. Airline Terminal Management (ATM) 106 4.2. Flight Information Counters 109 4.3. Ticket Check In 111 4.4. Boarding Pass 113 4.5. Customs And Immigration Formalities 115 4.6. Security Clearance 117 4.7. Baggage Handling 118 4.8. Unaccompanied Minors 122 4.9. Disabled Passengers 122 4.10. Handling Of Stretcher Passengers 124 4.11. Human Remains Handling 125 4.12. Handling Of Cip, Vip And Vvip 128 4.13. Co-Ordination Of Supporting Agencies/Departments 130 5. LOGISTICS AND AIR CARGO MANAGEMENT 133 5.0. Introduction 133 5.1. Meaning Of Logistics 133 5.2. Airport Logistics 134 5.3. Warehousing 136 5.4. Trend In Material Handling 140 5.5. Global Supply Chain 142 5.6. Quality Concept And Total Quality Management 143 5.7. Improving Logistic Performance 147 5.8. Air Cargo Concept Handling 148 5.9. Cargo Handling 154 5.10. Booking Of Perishable Cargo And Live Animals 156 5.11. Air Cargo Tariff, Ratios And Charges 161 5.12. Airways Bill, Function, Purpose And Validation 162 5.13. Industrial Relations 165 References 167 List of Abbreviations 171 1 INTRODUCTION TO AVIATION MANAGEMENT 1.0. INTRODUCTION Airline and Airport companies play a large role in the efficient operation of the national air transportation system. Little however has been written about how airline and airport operations management and how decisions related to them are made. This book on Airline and Airport Operations reveal the cream knowledge of aviation management not only to aspirant students but also to all aviation professionals working in airline carriers and airports. Airlines need to be well managed in order to survive and increase their volume of profitability. Airline industry has become more competitive which imposes to have highly skilled and trained professionals in order to manage these challenging airlines and airports. Most of world’ airports and airlines operate in scarcity of skilled and trained employees in this field which jeopardizes the operations of individual airlines and airports. Therefore, strategic operations have to be learnt and taught as it is the purpose of the author of the present book to show scientifically how airline and airport business should be conducted in order to run all operations. The safe and efficient management of an airline and airport is a complex cognitive task, involving many individuals working in close coordination. Airlines are subjected to develop the sound operations and activities in advance to maximize profit and aircraft utilization, and then manage all airport facilities according to strategies identified and profitable operations detailed in this book. 1.1. HISTORY OF AVIATION Introduction Aviation is defined as the design, manufacture, use or operation of aircraft in which the term aircraft refers to any vehicle capable of flying. Aircraft can either be heavier-than-air or lighter-than-air. Lighter-than-air aircrafts include balloons and airships, and heavier-than-air aircrafts include airplanes, autogiros, gliders, helicopters, and ornithopters. For centuries man has dreamed to soar with the birds. Famous inventors such as Leonardo da Vinci, John Stringfellow, and Lawrence Hargrave have conjured up ideas of how to get some of the strangest machines to fly long before the Wright brothers’ famous first flight at Kitty Hawk. 2 AIRLINE AND AIRPORT OPERATIONS 1. First Flights On December 17, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright capped four years of research and design efforts with a 120-foot, 12-second flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina - the first powered flight in a heavier- than-air machine. Prior to that, people had flown only in balloons and gliders. The first person to fly as a passenger was Leon Delagrange, who rode with French pilot Henri Farman from a meadow outside of Paris in 1908. Charles Furnas became the first American airplane passenger when he flew with Orville Wright at Kitty Hawk later that year. The first scheduled air service began in Florida on January 1, 1914. Glenn Curtiss had designed a plane that could take off and land on water and thus could be built larger than any plane to date, because it did not need the heavy undercarriage required for landing on hard ground. Thomas Benoist, an auto parts maker, decided to build such a flying boat, or seaplane, for a service across Tampa Bay called the St. Petersburg - Tampa Air Boat Line. His first passenger was ex-St. Petersburg Mayor A.C. Pheil, who made the 18-mile trip in 23 minutes, a considerable improvement over the two-hour trip by boat. The single-plane service accommodated one passenger at a time, and the company charged a one-way fare of $5. After operating two flights a day for four months, the company folded with the end of the winter tourist season. 2. World War I These and other early flights were headline events, but commercial aviation was very slow to catch on with the general public, most of whom were afraid to ride in the new flying machines. Improvements in aircraft design also were slow. However, with the advent of World War I, the military value of aircraft was quickly recognized and production increased significantly to meet the soaring demand for planes from governments on both sides of the Atlantic. Most significant was the development of more powerful motors, enabling aircraft to reach speeds of up to 130 miles per hour, more than twice the speed of pre-war aircraft. Increased power also made larger aircraft possible. At the same time, the war was bad for commercial aviation in several respects. It focused all design and production efforts on building military aircraft. In the public’s mind, flying became associated with bombing runs, surveillance and aerial dogfights. In addition, there was such a large surplus of planes at the end of the war that the demand for new production was almost non- existent for several years - and many aircraft builders went bankrupt. Some European countries, such as Great Britain and France, nurtured commercial aviation by starting air service over the English Channel. However, nothing similar occurred in the United States, where there were no such natural obstacles isolating major cities and where railroads could transport people almost as fast as an airplane, and in considerably more comfort. The salvation of the U.S. commercial aviation industry following World War I was a government program, but one that had nothing to do with the transportation of people. 3. Airmail By 1917, the U.S. government felt enough progress had been made in the development of planes to warrant something totally new in transport of mail by air. That year, Congress appropriated $100,000 for an experimental airmail service to be conducted jointly by the Army and the Post Office between Washington and New York, with an intermediate stop in Philadelphia. The first flight left Belmont INTRODUCTION TO AVIATION MANAGEMENT 3 Park, Long Island for Philadelphia on May 14, 1918 and the next day continued on to Washington, where it was met by President Woodrow Wilson. With a large number of war-surplus aircrafts in hand, the Post Office set its sights on a far more ambitious goal - transcontinental air service. It opened the first segment, between Chicago and Cleveland, on May 15, 1919 and completed the air route on September 8, 1920, when the most difficult part of the route, the Rocky Mountains, was spanned. Airplanes still could not fly at night when the service first began, so the mail was handed off to trains at the end of each day.

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