Presenting the Views of Industry, Technology, American Civil Defense Association Emergency Government and Concerned Citizenry

DECEMBER 1979 VOLUME XII-NUMBER 6

Sponsored by Staff The Civil Defense Forum Editor ...... WALTER MURPHEY Public Relations . . . FRANK WILLIAMS The Oak Ridge Civil Defense Society Business Manager. . CAROLYN The Professional Society for Protective Design HAYES Art ...... J . C. BROWN, JR. The American Civil Defense Association Bureau Chiefs: Circulation...... ELAINE SMITH Washington . . ROBERTA. LEVETOWN Design and Pacific Coast . . . . . EVAR P. PETERSON Production ...... - producesaW POLICY BOARD WM . CORNELIUS HALL, Chairman J . HOWARD PROCTOR J . R . MAXFIELD (ex officio) R. F. BLODGETT ARTHUR A. BROYLES KARLLUNDGREN CONTENTS LOWELL B. JACKSON HERBERT W. JOHNSON JOHN H . NEILER W. RAY MONTGOMERY 3 EDITORIAL-TOO DUMB TO ICDO report on Kansas City; House JOHN A. SAMUEL EUGENE P. WIGNER DUCK-Has American leadership of Lords looks at fading British FRANK L . WILLIAMS adopted "dumb" Redcoat tactics? CD . ADVISORY BOARD 4 SUMMIT '79-REPORT FROM 22 SCHLAFLY REACTION TO NEAL FITZSIMMONS KANSAS CITY-Excerpts of semi- KANSAS CITY SEMINAR-Phyllis F. CORNING KNOTS WILLIAM B . MARTY nar addresses, "Highlights," cas- Schlafly news release supports EVAR P. PETERSON sette tapes . K.C. Proclamation . STEUART L. PITTMAN R . G. SHERRARD BYRON D . SPANGLER 9 THE KANSAS CITY PROCLA- 23 NEW SWISS FACT BOOK- H . W. TARKINGTON MATION-Verbatim signed tran- IN ENGLISH-Statistics show run- EDWARD TELLER script of TACDA Resolution No. away increases in civilian war 79-1 . fatalities (and Swiss corrective EDITORIAL COMMITTEE measures-for Swiss). KARL LUNDGREN, Chairman CLIFFORD A. LYLE 11 SPOTLIGHT-Late CD news, JOHN A. SAMUEL METTAG's 1980 price information. BACK COVER-SO BE IT, by Frank JAMES W. DALZELL Williams: "Spittle or Spunk"-U.S. ROBERT F. BLODGETT HERBERT T. BOGERT 12 A DAY IN OCTOBER- choice: collapse or survival . HAYWOOD W. WILLIS Eugene Wigner continues his civil defense calls on Capitol Hill, finds COVER PHOTOS-Life in Expedi- ent Shelters, from Cresson strong support. The Journal of Civil Defense Is published bi- Kearny's book, "Nuclear War Sur- monthly by The American Civil Defense Associa- 14 OVER THE IRON CURTAIN, vival Skills" (See Page 18). tion, Address: Journal of Civil Defense, P.O . Box : by Ruby N. Thurmer-Russia's 910, Starke, FL. 32091 . Subscription One Year- Journal of Civil Defense $12, two years-$22. Phone (904) 964-5397 . ultimate goal dictates Russian The Journal of Civil Defense presents au- thought and action; the two sides P.O . Box 910 thentic information relating to civil defense-to Starke, FL 32091 the survival of free government, the United of Russian propaganda. States and peace in the nuclear age. Its aim is public education in this field and service as a (904) 964-5397 forum. 16 TOO GOOD TO FILE-CD in- Authors are encouraged to submit manu- effective and provocative? ? ? "Belongs on the desk of every scripts for consideration by the editorial com- decision maker." mittee for publication (the Journal, as a non- profit organization, pays no fees). Articles, 18 BOOK REVIEWS-Nuclear One year-$12 preferably illustrated, should be 500 to 1,200 War Survival Skills, a report on Two years-$22 words in length, slanted to the non-technical Cresson Kearny's vital life work; reader, and oriented toward the civil defense field. PHONE OR MAIL YOUR Views expressed in contributions to the Journal also, Standards for Fallout SUBSCRIPTION TODAY are those of the authors and do not necessarily Shelters. reflect Journal policy . Material may be reproduced (We'll bill you later) if context is preserved, credit given, and copy sent to the Journal of Civil Defense. Printed by Storter 20 CIVIL DEFENSE ABROAD- Printing Co ., Gainesville, Florida. 2 Journal of Civil Defense: December 1979

EDITORIAL Bob Levetown

TOO DUMB TO DUCK Every American who has been tutored in his country's history knows that one of the reasons why the rag-tag Continental Army defeated the British regulars was that the British were too dumb to duck . Their military tradi- tion, founded upon chivalric gallantry and bloated with imperial pretensions, would not permit them to adopt the duck and shoot tactics of the ill-equipped and undertrained colonial bands that opposed them . For all their proud foolishness, the British did have one military advantage which supported them in their strategy: they had more firepower. Even with this advantage, however, their purely offensive forays could not prevail against the tactics of an elusive enemy that offered the most unrewarding targets . We laughed at the British redcoats as schoolboys. We reveled in the exploits of clever patriots such as the Swamp Fox and the Green Mountain boys who routinely'outwitted them . And then we grew up and elected officials who adopted the anti-duck strategy of the redcoats. What's more, our leaders have stubbornly clung to this strategy despite the fact that now, and in the foreseeable future, the Soviets and not we will have a commanding lead in strategic firepower. If there ever was a time at which we should reacquaint ourselves with our historic tradition of ducking, that time is today. In disparaging the concept of civil defense, our national publications, such as Time, have characterized the strategies of evacuation and sheltering as "running" and "hiding ." But if we were to instruct our citizens where they must travel in the event of a crisis,,it will not make America any the less gallant . If we should be prepared to shelter and feed these evacuated populations, it would not make us any the less brave. Even if we were to con- struct blast shelters for our people living and working near high-priority targets, the brass buttons on the coats of our armed servicemen would shine no less brightly. All of these activities and many more like them would only demonstrate to the Russians that we are serious about defending ourselves, that we cannot be easily intimidated, and that, above all, we are not too dumb to duck. ,-,

4'

Journalof Civil Defense: December 1979

'hat of quo i? material of Piion that e of d in toto. ' t:. Lord's -A---:gar nci procure- inr r afion.) Summit '79- Report from Kansas City

-A Journal of Civil Defense Staff Report

On September 28th in Kansas City prepared to repel, survive and defeat a the nation's ailing civil defense pro- ". . . perhaps we're learning would-be aggressor . . . gram came under scrutiny by a panel of something . . . " "Our overall strategic balance is in the nation's top experts on strategic favor of the Soviets because of the preparedness . USSR's civil defense superiority. We "Summit '79" was a no-holds-barred need people with capabilities, and we must improve our civil defense not only examination. The diagnosis: "condi- also need the power to act at a time to protect us if there is a nuclear con- tion critical, not hopeless, emergency of trouble . . . frontation but so that civil defense can measures required-without delay." "I want to express my appreciation act as a deterrent to nuclear war. Civil Not an easy task. An uphill struggle. to you, as a citizen, for the fine work defense may be the determining factor A job for the strong. that you do. I know that many times in keeping our military balance with the Thirteen blue-chip speakers ad- you wonder 'Is the public behind me?' Soviets. dressed a blue-chip participating au- Perhaps they don't articulate it, but I "It may help prevent war." dience of 160 who came to The think that most of them are." American Civil Defense Association's seminar to get the raw truth-which they got. Lively exchanges of questons IKE SKELTON, U.S. CONGRESSMAN and answers marked most presenta- (MO): Keynote Welcome tions, and Congressman Don Mitchell "I believe that you will soon see that at the banquet finale called for am- civil defense will be a critical part of bitious post-seminar action that our total American defense. Civil could-if implemented-produce defense must be, and it soon will be, I payoff teamwork to contend suc- feel, a part of our strategic military cessfully with the overall problem. balance for our country . The President Following, in order of speaker ap- has already accepted this philosophy pearances, are brief excerpts of each in the little-publicized Presidential address: Decision-that is, PD-41 . It's now up to the rest of us in Washington and the CLARENCE M. KELLY, FBI DIRECTOR, rest of the nation to accept this new 1973-78: "American Defense-Internal civil defense role. Security" "Ladies and gentlemen, the first pur- pose of a government is to provide for "I understand that there's a re- the common defense of its people, to MAX KLINGHOFFER, EMERGENCY surgence of they matter of civil defense have a secure people and a secure na- MEDICAL PHYSICIAN : "Medical or emergency preparedness-whatever tion . How is this done? History tells Aspects of a Nuclear Pearl Harbor" you call it-but something that is very fine. That's great. And I'm very happy to (Dr. Klinghoffer stressed that his learn that there is a strong segment of ". . . the first purpose of a remarks did not apply to the growing our society which is interested in pre- number of Congressional leaders, and paring for problems which we possibly government is to provide for the others, who are striving to obtain a new have . I'm inclined to believe that per- common defense . . ." and realistic civil defense posture .) haps we're learning something from "I believe that the Administration the troubles that beset the world. And has rejected its responsibility in the it's very obvious, very obvious, that we us time and again that the only way to defense of the American people . In my need planning, we need training, we remain secure is to be strong and to be opinion a great many of our federal

4 Journal of Civil Defense: December 1979

people are guilty of nonfeasance and malfeasance . . . Kansas City Highlights "Unfortunately, those people work- ing in disaster and emergency work in " Major General Frank H . Spink, Jr., Kansas City's Emergency the field for the Federal Government Preparedness Director, kept the TACDA seminar together, under control are all too often hamstrung by the and on course with his awesome performance as master of ceremonies . stupidity in Washington . . . This failure " Robert J . Horrigan, Executive Action Breakfast speaker, capped Con- to observe the needs of the American gressman Mitchell's call to arms by challenging TACDA to signal and imple- people in defense is not limited to the ment the action shots that would wake up the country to its civil defense present administration . It goes back predicament and pave the way for effective corrective measures . several administrations and therefore " The Great Midwest Corporation, through the personable efforts of covers both major parties . . . Public Relations Manager Cherie White, provided an eye-opening half-hour "Let me start out . . . by asking you a tour of the underground International Trade Center . number of rhetorical questions . . . " A slide presentation' on the Three Mile Island incident was made "What do we have today in the area of a available by Jack Glouner of the Pennsylvania Emergency Management warning system that is universal or na- Agency . Government agency planning and coordination were emphasized in tional throughout this country . . .? the account . "What tangible plans do we have for " Colonel Don Meserve, Johnson County Kansas Emergency the evacuation of our population Preparedness Director, produced a colorful, relaxed pool-side welcoming centers-if evacuation is in fact a reception . And the first-time exhibits. viable means of handling the civil " Exhibits included an impressive display of Cresson Kearny's Nuclear defense problem? War Survival Skills, "Lifesaver" sponsored by Evar P. Peterson & "Now, if we do evacuate the cities . . . Associates, Inc., an earthquake slide presentation "Shake, Rattle & Roll" by where are we going to put them? CHEC Publications, and an informative American National Red Cross "Suppose we feel that we cannot display. successfully evacuate the cities, and " Kansas City emergency preparedness planners Helen Mallory and John we have to X-out those people-they're Nolan as trouble-shooters defused potential difficulties before they hap- lost in case of an all-out nuclear war. pened. What about the people in the areas we " The busy Breckenridge Inn people couldn't have been more helpful . used to refer to as the C and D zones? Especially noticeable was their trust. It was well over a month (and a dozen . . . Where are the shelters for those phone calls) before TACDA could get them to send their bill for services. people? . . . What preparations have " Due to the finesse of Independence, Missouri Emergency Preparedness been made for continuing medical care Director'Dan McGraw and his staff, registration went so smoothly no one in those shelters? For preventive noticed it. medicine? For the care of the sick and injured? For food? For sanitation? Water supplies? And so forth? "What is being done today to train JIRI NEHNEVAJSA, LEADING CD spends much more on civil defense the public in taking care of themselves POLLSTER : "Civil Defense Opinion" than it actually does-along with the in these types of emergencies? What is (Dr. Nehnevajsa's comprehensive conviction that much more should be being done to train the average citizen study Issues of Civil Defense: Vintage spent . In looking over past surveys, Dr. to take care of himself, his family, his 1978 was published by the University of Nehnevajsa observes that opinions in neighbor, his fellow-citizen in case of a Pittsburgh in February 1979.) civil defense matters differ very little major disaster? . . . The following statistics from his in- since the 1950s. depth studies on American civil defense opinion were cited by Dr. MILAN M . BOD1, SECRETARY- Nehnevajsa in his address: "What GENERAL, INTERNATIONAL CIVIL tangible plans do we Should civil defense be 82.3%- NO have for . . . evacuation . . .?" DEFENSE ORGANIZATION : "The dismantled? 10.1%- YES West's Dilemma: Leadership." Should the US and 74.0%- NO "A system that is near to our "What program exists today to USSR do away with 16.0%- YES organization [i.e. the International Civil replace the one million hospital beds civil defense? Defense Organization] and from which we would lose in this nation in case of Should the US have 82.4%- YES we can draw lessons and profit is,the an all-out nuclear attack? . . . public fallout shelter? 12.3%- NO system in Switzerland. Although con- "What is being done to better equip ceived as one of the pillars of the na- the existing fixed hospitals in case of Should fallout shelter 83.5%- YES tional defense in wartime, the Swiss war? . . . be in new construction? 9.0%- NO civil protection system is so flexible "What training program exists today Should we construct 70.3%- YES that in case of emergency it can rein- for better indoctrinating, particularly blast shelters? 14.8%- NO force the permanent professional our younger doctors and nurses and organizations such as police, fire allied medical professions, in the prin- Would there be enough 60.5%- NO brigade, ambulances and hospitals. ciples of mass casualty care . . .? time to evacuate in a 18.0%- YES "Now, I have asked you several ques- nuclear alert? 16 .5%- ? . . ". you must foresee and tions, and all of you know the answer . Other Nehnevajsa build statistics pointed a shelter " The answer to all these is: practically to a willingness of host area in- . . . nothing." habitants to help evacuees and to (Dr. Klinghoffer then turned to share homes, a conviction by evacuees The first alert of civil protection units specific remedies for the deficiencies that they would be able to "rough it" are operational in Switzerland within 30 he had cited.) and an opinion that the United States minutes following the outbreak of a Journalof Civll Defense: December 1979 5 disaster, and within 90 minutes it can to sheltering the population. We have if the Soviets would have bought it. But completely take over all services. In the shelter available. In Kansas City we the Soviets said from the beginning . . . Geneva the civil protection director do not have to expend civil defense 'We disagree. That is a bourgeois, assumes overall command of opera- money on initial shelter space." naive idea . . .' " tions, including the professional ser- vices, as soon as his units arrive on the site of the disaster . . . EDWARD TELLER, SENIOR FELLOW, WAR, "Civil defense is based on a referen- HOOVER INSTITUTION ON (H-BOMB dum decision . It was, I think, the only REVOLUTION AND PEACE Civil country in the world where the govern- DESIGNER): "The 1980s-With Defense" ment asked the people : 'Do you want Defense and Without Civil civil defense or not?' Three out of five "To think about a nuclear war is said 'yes.' That means it is now man- disagreeable. i don't like to think about datory for everyone according to the it. I have to. I force myself to. If you new law and to the constitution . . . work on civil defense you cannot do it "You can't build a villa or anything- without being aware that you are con- a factory or an apartment house- cerned with something very dangerous without having received the acknowl- . . . And if then you are assured by the edgement of the relevant civil pro- President, by the Chief of Staff, by the tection authority, which means that Secretary of Defense, 'You don't need you must foresee and build a shelter. to do it . You only have to sign a treaty,' Half of the expense of the shelter is you are sort of tricked. It is the paid by the owner and the other 50% cheaper, the easier way out . Unfor- paid by the three governmental levels ." DANIEL GRAHAM, COALITION FOR tunately, it is the ineffective way . . . PEACE THROUGH STRENGTH, "Now, I want to do something that I FORMER DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE almost never do. I will say something in DENIS WARD, KANSAS CITY AREA AGENCY DIRECTOR: "Peace and favor of President Carter. He estab- UNDERGROUND PLANNER (UNIVER- Strength" lished an organization- FEMA-Fed- SITY OF MISSOURI-KANSAS CITY): "It's always a pleasure for me to talk eral Emergency Management Agency "The Underground Connection" to people who are involved in civil area "We in the greater Kansas City defense because they are people that 11 . . FEMA is much too believe we are in a somewhat unique have had to take a look at the realities small. . . ." position to insure the survivability of a of the strategic situation, at least the large portion of our population through realities of nuclear war, and are the use of what we call 'The Under- therefore way ahead of 99.99% of the -in which he put together civil de- ground Connection .' . . . rest of the people in this country on the fense and disaster preparedness, and "Under the current concept of crisis matter . . . that I think is absolutely right . Unless not relocation of the population lead time "This whole idea of mutual assured you put the two together you do destruction, to make it a little simpler, practice, and therefore you cannot be is as if two men were facing each other effective . . . (But) FEMA is much too ". . . we've solved the normal with guns and were enemies, and one small, too small even for the number 1 problem . . ." of them said to the other, 'I'll tell you emergencies . . . what I'm going to do. I'm not going to "I think the American public can be I'm going to point united on the issue of civil defense, but inherent. The Kansas City popu- point my gun at you . is and children . I hereby in- only if they understand that the prob- is to relocate to the Fort Scott, it at your wife lation point your gun at my wife lem is real, and so far this has not been Kansas-Joplin, Missouri area. There vite you to and children, and I swear to you that I brought up. SALT II is a unique oppor- may be no time for such a massive will not protect my wife and children. tunity to bring it up. With civil defense, evacuation . As an alternative, those And all I want you to do is to be sure and with some additional measures, who desire to do so could reach a you don't protect yours. Now that's go- none of which is more important than local underground site within minutes. are impor- ing to create a very stable situation, civil defense, although they Even on foot a large number could tant too-with the proper measures find shelter in an underground facility America can survive the 1980s. Without within an hour . . . ". . . a macabre idea which is civil defense I think we cannot . . ." "Surveys that we carried out at the not only militarily rediculous [University of Missouri- university but morally corrupt." Kansas City] this past summer have LEON GOURE, ASSOCIATE DIREC- identified 16 sites . . . as being ap- TOR, ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL neither one of us are going to have propriate for use as civil defense and STUDIES INSTITUTE, U.S. AUTHORITY running around trying to find bet- shelters . . . and of the additional 16 to go ON SOVIET CIVIL DEFENSE: Member that we can shoot the gun perhaps half have some potential for ter guns so of Wrap-Up Panel use . However, the 16 primary sites have out of the other man's hand, and so approximately 40 to 50 million square forth . We will have stability. And fur- "The Administration clearly remains feet of space-easily adapted thermore, we'll save an awful lot of backed off from the President's own space-for shelter use. With the 6 to 7 money.' proposal for improved civil defense million square feet being added yearly "That was essentially the mutual capabilities of November of 1978, even space is plentiful and should be plenti- assured destruction theory . . . though such a capability could make a ful in the future. "This is a macabre idea which is not significant contribution to the credibil- "Thus at this point in time we've only militarily ridiculous but morally ity of U.S. deterrence and U .S. sur- solved the No. 1 problem with respect corrupt. But it still would have worked vivability in the eighties. 6 Journal of Civil Defense: December 1979

"Fortunately not everyone in respon- deplorable situation where a national sible positions in Washington is so civil defense director can't give out, short-sighted . I think we should en- even to civil defense directors on the thusiastically endorse the efforts by working level, the best practical infor- mation on how to make shelters, how to ventilate them, how to make a K.C. SEMINAR "1 still see some glimmer homemade fallout meter, how to cook of hope . . ." food with minimum fuel, how to pro- TAPES cess whole grain and soy beans and things that the average American NOW AVAILABLE Congressmen Skelton and Mitchell and knows nothing about handling . others . . . in the House and in the "And I don't see any appreciable Clear, professionally recorded cassette tapes of the TACDA Kansas City seminar talks Senate . . . (September 28, 1979) may now be ordered from "If the Soviets had agreed to mutual the Journal of Civil Defense at $5 per tape-or assured destruction there might have ". . . Americans are . . . re- $35 for the complete set of 10 . been at least some modicum of ra- sourceful and . . . intelligent . . ." The following list of speakers tionality in the current posture . and their sub- jects may be used as a check list and with the However, since this is not the case, form below sent in with the appropriate fee: this type of unilateral national suicide chance in the near future of this defi- by the United States is hardly going to ciency being remedied ." 7 Clarence Kelley (FBI Director ; 1973-1978) upset the Russians . If we want to jump $5 "American Defense-Internal Security" off the bridge that is our affair, and C Hon. Ike Skelton (U .S . Congressman, Moscow will only applaud . . . ROBERT A. LEVETOWN, Washington $5 Missouri) Keynote Welcoming Address "I still see some glimmer of hope at Lawyer: Member of Wrap-Up Panel Cl Dr . Max Klinghoffer (O'Hare International the end of the tunnel, and that is that $5 Airport) "Medical Aspects of a Nuclear "When Carter spoke with Brezhnev Pearl Harbor" this country reluctantly is inching away at the SALT summit in Vienna this 7 Dr . Jiri Nehnevajsa (No. 1 U.S . CD from reliance on a deterrence year Poll- based he expressed concern over only two $5 ster "Civil Defense Opinion" purely on the retaliatory strike and Soviet activities . One was the Soviet in- Dr . Milan M. Bodi (Secretary-General, assured destruction and is beginning sistence on building heavy missiles, $5 ICDO) "The West's Dilemma: Leadership" to look around for alternatives which and the only other thing he complained Dr . Denis Ward (Shelter development, may be hopefully more rational . . . $5 U. of Missouri) "The Underground Con- about was the Soviet civil defense pro- nection" "Let me say, if we do develop a new gram . . . strategy I fail to see how any rational Lt . Gen . Daniel O . Graham (Former di- "(With new public awareness new $5 rector, DIA) "Peace and Strength" new strategy can be developed without civil defense leadership may develop .) Dr . Edward Teller (Senior Fellow, Hoover including civil defense, or at least in- But until that time, until that happens, $5 Institution on War, Revolution and Peace) cluding a concept of national survival. The 1980s-With Civil there is a great deal of work to be done Defense and With- Without it you have really no rational out Civil Defense" by private organizations like this strategy at all." 1 Dr . Eugene Wigner (CD researcher, writer, Association . $5 Nobel Laureate); Dr . Leon Goure (Ameri- ca's Top "Russia Watcher"); Cresson Kearny (Expedient Survival Specialist, CRESSON KEARNY, OAK RIDGE NA. ". . . a great deal of work to be ORNL); Robert A . Levetown (TACDA Representative, Washington, D .C .) TIONAL LABORATORY, EXPEDIENT done by private organizations SHELTER RESEARCHER AND Seminar Wrap-Up and Discussion Hon WRITER : Member of Wrap-Up Panel II . Donald Mitchell (U .S . Congressman. $5 New York) "Capitol Hill CD Focus" (Ban- " . . . Americans are much more quet Address) resourceful and more intelligent than i=1 COMPLETE SET OF 10 TAPES . . . I think the association should $35 most of the officials in Washington probably undertake to produce a film give them credit for being. And I think which will inform the public on tele- To : Journal of Civil Defense this will stand us in good stead in the vision that it is possible to survive 1980s when most P.O . Box 910 Americans are going a nuclear war if the proper precautions Starke, Florida 32091 to have to depend on their own are taken." Enclosed please find $_ for above resources, their own efforts, to obtain tapes as indicated. Send to : reasonably good protection against a possible Soviet nuclear attack . . . Name/Orgn. - "I won't go into my theories on why EUGENE WIGNER, PRINCETON Address UNIVERSITY, NOBEL LAUREATE : the government continues to refuse to City State Zip Member of Wrap-Up Panel give Americans the best available do-it- (Or phone order to 904/964-5397) yourself know-how to improve their "What is the intrinsic reason that chances of surviving nuclear attack . : . there is so much resistance to civil "But I will tell you what Bardyl defense-that so many of our liberal Tirana, one of our better-I'd say people are heavily opposed to it and (Note: Cassette tapes will be forwarded to best-national civil defense directors, want not to hear about it? purchasers in individual hinged plastic cases to prevent damage and simplify handling and told me in a talk I had with him in "It think the reason is that if people storage. Where a ''set of 10 tapes'' applies January of 1978 . I urged him to make wake up to the fact that civil defense is this will indicate one tape for each of the 10 listed-or, if desired and clearly specified, It available the best do-it-yourself sur- necessary it will create an unpleasant can cover multiple tapes of one or several vival information . He, Tirana, told me feeling in them . In addition to that, if speakers .) that the decision to do so would have we do install civil defense everybody to be made at a higher level than his. must participate in it and everybody "I think that this is a continuing will contribute to it . And this will

Journal of Civil Defense: December 1979

"My recommendation is that this "This effort to develop grass-roots organization, perhaps in concert with support must of course be coordinated "The main danger is the the USCDC, appoint a task force with a from Washington. And this means, as THREAT of a nuclear war." goal of selling civil defense to the with the other groups I've mentioned, a United States . . . full-time paid Washington represent- "I suggest the task force travel two ative or a lobbyist, with an appropriate create a new situation, because by con- roads simultaneously, both heading staff and office, who would not only tributing to it people will awake to the towards the same common destination oversee the grass-roots program but necessity of it . . . of a broad-based public acceptance for would also oversee our civil defense "What is the main danger? civil defense . We just haven't done legislative effort. "The main danger in my opinion is this. We've failed in this area. The first not nuclear war. The main danger is the effort would be to develop a grass- threat of a nuclear war. If our President roots enthusiasm for civil defense. The is told `Unless you return Alaska to us committee in charge of this respon- or unless you dismantle your air force, sibility would study other groups in tomorrow 60% of Americans will die .' America now successfully lobbying in "How should he respond to this? Congress to determine how to pro- the so- TACDA's "Kansas City Procla- And this is the main danger, ceed . called nuclear blackmail. " . And this group, with some mation" (Resolution 79-1.) "If we inform the public, and if the organizing and some leadership, could adopted at TACDA's Annual public can participate in the defense of constitute a hard core of support for a the country, if it is awake to this, a new movement. Once organized, a Business Meeting. somewhat new society will be created . And the knowledge that we stand by freedom, that we stand by our country, ". . . a task force with a goal of that we stand by our traditions, that we the stand by to not to end society or this selling civil defense to world-I think we could create a great United States . . ." deal of satisfaction and reassurance in "It would require fund-raising to sup- people . And it would create a some- group with a catchy title and an ap- port such an operation. Perhaps he what new kind of American society, propriate acronym-on the airplane I would also assume that responsibility which is now too much concerned was trying to think of something initially. only with: how do I make some prog- catchy, and one was POP, 'Protect Our "Along with the fund-raising should ress, how do I get some promotion People' . . . Once organized in develop- come a Political Action Committee- tomorrow. And this would create a ing this they would request a meeting 'PAC.' . . . more common feeling of satisfaction with the Congressman in his own con- "That's one road we should travel. with our country, of satisfaction with gressional district . . . and they'd follow The other road we must travel is to in- liberty and freedom . . ." up with appropriate publicity. This type terest the national media in the subject of meeting would occur in each of our of civil defense, and in doing so we can 435 congressional districts, and a reinforce our grass-roots effort and similar effort would be made to contact develop a brand new constituency in senators . the nation in each congressional "And after his return to Washington district . the Congressman would begin receiv- "It's difficult to overstate the in- ing an impressive amount of individu- fluence of the media in the forming of ally written correspondence from public opinion . . ." throughout his congressional district Difficult too is the job ahead if prob- urging his support of that specific lems, lessons and solutions outlined piece of legislation. Fifty or sixty or a by seminar speakers are to be seri- hundred letters is an impressive ously addressed. Some would say "im- number of letters, and it wouldn't be possible." impossible to generate that kind of en- thusiasm, I think. There can also be phone calls to his district office and An old saw appears to fit the situa- questions on civil defense when the tion: "The difficult we tackle im- congressman held question and mediately-the impossible may take a DONALD MITCHELL, U .S . CON- answer sessions after service club little longer." GRESSMAN (N .Y.): "Capitol Hill CD speeches at home . . . With TACDA and its friends and sup- Focus" (Banquet Address) "If we want strong support of the porters, especially members of Con- "We all know the dimensions of the Congress we can best secure it gress, embracing and vigorously pursu- problem. So, I thought you might like to through the Congressman's con- ing a commitment to organize action hear how I think we can solve the prob- stitutents. Of all the many messages on the civil defense front we may yet lem, how we can secure finally a com- he receives-and there are hundreds of see government turning to its "first' prehensive civil defense system before them every week from broadly diver- purpose" of providing "for the common it's too late. It becomes discouraging sified sources-the ones he listens to defense of its people"-that is, turning when one realizes that this organiza- most clearly come from the people who to the requirement of providing mean- tion has some of the best brains in the elected him to represent them in ingful and available protective country, and still the cause of civil Washington . Enthusiasm from the measures for the population as a defense has advanced so slowly over grass roots will encourage enthusiasm whole. the past 10 years of your existence. from the Congressman. Indeed, a job for the strong. 8 Journal of Civil Defense: December 1979

The American Civil Defense Association Membership Committee Eugene P . Wigner, Chmn . P.O . Box 1057 John E . Davis Robert Hofstadter Starke, FL 32091 Larry P . McDonald Donald J . Mitchell Steuart L . Pittman Frederick Seitz Edward Teller Alvin M . Weinberg G . William Whitehurst Frank Williams

RESOLUTION 79-1 ("THE KANSAS CITY PROCLAMATION")

Presented to the membership of The American Civil Defense Association at its 1979 annual meeting convened at Kansas City, Missouri on September 29, 1979.

WHEREAS The constitution of the United States requires that the congress "provide for the common defense" ;

WHEREAS The Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 declares that "it is the policy and intent of Congress to provide a system of civil defense for the protection of life and property";

WHEREAS The 1978 White House attempt to remedy the lack of such a system has to date been totally ineffective;

WHEREAS Today no credible civil defense for the American people exists or is seriously programmed;

WHEREAS The failure to make provision for the protection of the American population could, in the event of a nuclear ex- change, result in 90 million to 165 million American fatalities;

WHEREAS Appropriate civil defense measures would, according to authoritative studies, reduce American nuclear attack fatalities to less than 9 million (i.e. less than 4%-a condition which, due to effective civil defense, now prevails in the Soviet Union);

WHEREAS The provision of sophisticated nuclear attack protective measures for American leadership elements clearly demonstrates that the danger of nuclear attack is recognized by the American government;

WHEREAS The American people have repeatedly demonstrated in opinion polls that they overwhelmingly want, expect and would readily finance a credible civil defense; and

WHEREAS A credible American civil defense would discourage nuclear attack by creating unrewarding targets, would thereby act as a major war deterrent, would stimulate disarmament planning, and would consequently promote realistic world peace-

Now therefore be it resolved that the American civil defense association urges and charges the president of the United States and the United States Congress to take action to implement their constitutional duty to provide for the common defense and population survival by:

1 . Accepting fully and constructively their constitutional responsibility to defend the homeland and all of its people, and their obligation to take appropriate actions to that end;

2. Inaugurating a sustained program of public education and training-using as a base materials already in government files-that will promote in-depth understanding of the nuclear attack question and the means to deal effectively with it;

3. Through direct, personal, top leadership involvement and counsel, candidly and in good conscience informing the Journalof Civil Defense: December 1979 9

general public of the risks of nuclear warfare, the consequences of nuclear attack, and of the means for protection against the effects of nuclear weapons, including those means now in use, or planned, for elements of leadership ;

4. Planning and implementing plans for the emergency utilization of available effective shelter space and adapting it to the nuclear weapons effects which localities can be expected to suffer in relation to probable targets;

5. Designating and developing examples of existing protective facilities-such as Kansas City's Underground com- plexes-which can be used as guides in attaining protection capabilities for other areas ;

6. Through building codes, government construction policies and requirements, and through tax incentives and other practical means, encouraging and requiring the inclusion of protective measures in new construction that will shield effec- tively against anticipated nuclear attack environments ;

7. Providing an economic framework for protective measures financing through adequate budget allocations, transfers of funds from less essential projects, cost-sharing, etc .;

8. Planning for proper emergency medical facilities, practical emergency food storage, adequate communications and warning, rescue and emergency relocation operations, long-term restoration needs and other measures designed to support survival and recovery from nuclear attack;

9. Modifying our national civil defense program so that it will become an integral part of national defense, and tying it in further with other effective means of homeland defense such as antiballistic missile defense and other defense weapons technology ;

10. Promoting vigorously in every practical way a credible United States Civil Defense plan and program along simple, practical lines that will assure foolproof protection measures geared to maximize chances of survival and recovery irrespec- tive of attack scenario-and in doing so discouraging attack itself ; and

11 . Taking such other measures as will promote the security and safety of the United States and honorable peace.

Be it further resolved that copies of this resolution be sent to the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the President of the United State Senate, the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, Major media outlets throughout the country, and other appropriate entities .

Be it further resolved that other organizations be encouraged to execute similar resolutions for appropriate dissemination.

Adopted by vote of the membership of The American Civil Defense Association present at the association's annual meeting in Kansas City, Missouri this 29th day of September 1979.

The American Civil Defense Association

BY

SECRETARY 1 0 Journal of Civil Defense: December 1979

SPOTLIGHT

RESEARCH SHOWS "DANGEROUS TREND" SCOUT TRICK SAVES LOST PILOT In a lead article, Daily News Digest gives a special In the age of radio, radar, lasers, sattelites and a research and development report by USAF Deputy Chief of few dozen other miracles of science it sometimes takes a Staff for R&D Lt . Gen. Thomas Stafford . Says Stafford : primitive technique to solve s touch-and-go problem,

"In a democracy, the goal is to provide for freedoms Take James Prochnow in a small Cessna-188 flying over of choice, but I would submit that no freedoms can be the South Pacific . With his new automatic direction obtained without the ability of the democracy to defend finder malfunctioning he was suddenly and simply com- against external threats . pletely lost . Radio contact with Auckland, New Zealand was of no help . Radio contact with a diverted passenger "The Soviet Union has, over the past 15 years, been plane searching the general area was also of no help -- spending about 13% of its GNP for defense, while the US that is until pilot Gordon Vette remembered the old Boy has been in a steadily declining trend, to the point Scout finger trick, A comparison of the setting sun with where we are now spending less than 5% of our GNP for the horizon by both pilots determined Prochnow was west defense . In terms of the investment for R&D, the Soviets of Vette's air liner . (Prochnow had more room between have increased their research programs by 92%, while we the sun and the horizon than did Vette .) The planes then have reduced ours by 19%. This is a dangerous trend for flew toward one another on an east-west axis . With the our quality lead in US equipment and weapons, long our Boy Scout finger trick -- and an awful lot of luck -- strong suit . . . " Votte spotted Prochnow's lights and guid('d him safely to an airfield on tiny Norfolk Island .

NEW ACCIDENT FILM AVAILABLE "DRINK YOUR OIL" the police- A dramatic new film which pays tribute to Indiana State University students demonstrated St paramedics who respond daily to' life and men,firemen and Iranian barbarity shouting Drink your oil!" death emergencies has been sponsored by and is available now from Federal Signal Corporation . As the Iranian terrovists,having violated basic inter- national law and forcibly mad, prisoners of U~ S . Em- Titled "The Split Second," the 25-minute movie drama- bassy staff, accused the United States of warlike acts first 10 minutes tizes the events that occur during the a Florida Times-Union (Jacksonville) editorial tes . after an accident had this to say : Federal Signal is making the film available on a loan The Ayatollah Khomeini and his cohorts have without charge . Organizations may also purchase basis brought the United States and its citizens to the at a cost of $120 each . Write or call Signal prints moment of truth . Division, Federal Signal Corporation, 136th and Western 60406 . : (312) 468-4500 . Avenue, Blue Island, IL Tel If Americans are the type of people he seems to think they are, ;a people so self-indulgent, mat- erialistic and weak, that they will stand for any METTAG PRICES TO INCH UP JAN . 1 type of insult in order to retain their creature The 1980 price structure for METTAGs -- effective J comforts, then his gamble will pay off' . uary 1, 1980 -- is : If Americans are the kind of people the presi- Price Handling dent thinks they are, they think they are and we Quantity per tag Extension Shipping Total think they are, they will respond by getting rid of their energy fat and h raving the world the 50 390 $ 19 .50 $ 1 .75 $ 21 .25 strength, energy and resolui , "»ss of purpose that 100 350 35 .00 2 .70 37,70 once prompted them to fashion a crude flag which 200 310 62 .00 3 .55 65 .55 bore the legend : "Don't Tread On Me ." 300 280 84 .00 4 .25 88 .25 400 250 100.00 4 .95 104 .95 500 230 115.00 5 .40 120 .40 LETTER TO THE EDITOR 1,000 220 220 .00 10 .70 230 .70 5,000 210 1,050 .00 37 .95 1,087 .95 Editor, Journal of Civi l Defense : 10,000 20J0 2,050 .00 75 .90 2,125.90 Your valued and effective articles have brought many "An overall 6% increase for a two-year-period when of our elected officials to their senses over the past production costs have increased several times that is a several years . real achievement," says METTAG business manager Carolyn Hayes . "Our fight to hold the price line with stream- One good example is that they purchased 512,000 in lined operations and volume sales will continue ." needed equipment and increased our budget in excess of $10,000 this year, without argument or question . For orders postmarked prior to January 1, 1980 the 1979 prices will apply . Phone orders made prior to James Thornhill, Director 4 :30PM Eastern Standard Time,December 31, 1979 will also Columbia-Marion County Civil Defense take advantage of 1979 prices . (Mississippi Representative, USCDC)

Journal of Civil Defense: December 1979 Eugene Wigner again discusses civil defense needs with U .S. Senators-again finds strong Senate support for pro- tecting the U .S. population . Again, the bottom line is CON- STITUENT CONTACTS . That is, the payoff rests squarely with a buildup of grass-roots action.

A DAY IN OCTOBER (Report of Calls on Senators by Eugene P. Wigner)

Eugene Wigner's fourth series of he (Dr. Wigner) could do to help the 1979 Senate calls took place on Oc- cause of civil defense, and the Senator tober 25th . Of the four senators Wigner suggested that he testify before the saw (two Democrats and two Armed Services Committee. The Republicans) all were solidly in favor of Senator said, "I would be pleased to a strong civil defense. So was the one make arrangements for a hearing legislative assistant (Democrat) . before the Senate Armed Services Following is the report : Committee to get your feelings on record." SENATOR ROGER JEPSON (R) IOWA Senator Jepson said he used Dr. Dr. Wigner began the discussion by Wigner's material in covering SALT II bringing up the two civil defense bills throughout the state of Iowa. The before Congress (Senator Schmitt's Senator expressed his opinion that and Congressman Skelton's) . The SALT II as it is written is not a good Senator was not familiar with the bills treaty inasmuch as it doesn't "protect but he said he would support the our vital interests, reduce arms, or pro- Schmitt bill on principle . He said about vide equality ." He compared SALT II to the bill : "Our people have to wake up a will, in that before you sign it you and smell the coffee, and that bill must make sure it does what you want would help ." it to do. Regarding nuclear blackmail, the Senator observed : "I have been advised "Our people have to wake that the Soviets have the capacity to and smell the coffee . . ." put their population in a safe position . Many people don't believe Russia would ever do something like using Dr. Wigner asked the Senator what massive weapons against people . . . I

Journal of Civil Defense: December 1979 am concerned and disappointed over the lack of resolve and will that we're showing in this country. Other nations don't know if they can believe the U .S." Regarding the Carter Administration he said, "This administration has been prone to giving in to all terms. Ap- peasement is a trademark of this ad- ministration ." Dr. Wigner invited the Senator to join the Membership Committee of TACDA.

LEGISLATIVE ASSISTANT TO SENATOR DAVID DURENBERGER (R) MINNESOTA Legislative Assistant, Mr. Steve Ockenden, was very well versed in mat- ters of defense and was extremely sym- pathetic to everything that Dr. Wigner said . Mr. Ockenden said he was most concerned about the apathy and ig- norance of the general public regarding civil defense. He admitted that he had never discussed civil defense with the Senator (he's been on the Senator's Senator Donald Stewart greets Eugene Wigner as he arrives at the Senator's office . staff for only six weeks) and didn't know his position, but he assured Dr. Wigner that he would make his feelings known to the Senator. motives of the Russians, criticisms of Also present at the meeting was Mr. Ockenden said that the Schmitt the Aspin Report,' arguments on both Senator Matsunaga's legislative aide, bill had been deferred until next year. sides of the question, etc. The Senator Dr. Sid Rosenn . Afterward, Dr. Wigner He suggested that Senator Nunn would cautioned: "Information should be had an opportunity to talk with him at be a good person for Dr. Wigner to made available to the public, and if we some length about the desperate need speak to. decide not to have civil defense it will for civil defense in the United States. In be based on everyone knowing the particular, Dr. Rosenn agreed with the SENATOR DONALD STEWART (D) same information." concept of nuclear blackmail and the ALABAMA He concluded: "I'd like to become in- possibility of the Russians using it to Dr. Wigner had a very successful formed . I've been a strong advocate of threaten us. meeting with the Senator and his civil defense for a long time . I didn't young legislative assistant, Cliff realize how much the Russians spend The above report was drawn up by Rechtschaften. After listening to Dr. [on civil defense]." special consultant Susan Bergman, Wigner, the Senator said, "What you who arranged Dr. Wigner's four Senate visits and reported on them . say causes me great concern." Mr. SENATOR DAVID BOREN Rechtschaften brought up the Aspin OKLAHOMA Report and the idea that civil defense The Senator explained that for many makes nuclear war a more realistic years he has had a great interest in civil possibility. Dr. Wigner explained that defense. He said: "I am very much a Your congressmen in Washington this is entirely untrue and gave him a believer in civil defense." want to know what you think! Your copy of his criticism of the Aspin opinion of civil defense require- Report . Mr. Rechtschaften fully ac- ments is important. Let it be known . cepted Dr. Wigner's arguments. "I am very much a believer in In doing so you will be helping to The Senator asked Dr. Wigner, "If civil defense." promote a virile CD program. they [the Russians] are building up con- Make your letter simple, short, ventional and nuclear forces and civil He expressed the same concern as to-the-point, clear and original. defense, what are their motives?" Dr. Dr. Wigner, that "we have no prepara- Address your letters: Wigner explained, using direct quotes tions that will enable us to thwart a of Russian leaders, that their intention Senators : Russian threat." He was interested in The is world conquest. Honorable John S. Doe reading Dr. Wigner's calculation on Senate Senator Stewart realized that the Office Building Soviet losses versus U.S . losses in the Washington, deterrent that the President talks about D.C. 20510 event of nuclear war. (Dear Senator does not exist. "If they make the first Doe) strike," he said, "we don't have a deter- SENATOR SPARK MATSUNAGA (D) Representatives: rent." And the Senator went on to say: HAWAII The Honorable James K. Roe "We want to be in a position to protect The Senator expressed his pride in House Office Building our people ; how about making me an the civil defense in Hawaii and said he Washington, D.C.20515 expert?" thought it might serve as a model for (Dear Mr. Roe) The Senator requested information the rest of the nation . He described Specific building and room numbers that would give comparisons between himself as being in the forefront of ex- may be used, but are not required. the Russian system and our own, the pressing the need for civil defense.

Journal of Civil Defense : December 1979 OVER THE IRON CURTAIN Ruby N. Thurmer

Oak Ridge National Laboratory Research sponsored by the U.S. De- partment of Energy under contract W- 7405-eng-26 with Union Carbide Corpo- ration. USSR PROPAGANDA: DOMESTIC VS EXPORT

not coexist . There is no middle shall we face the situation as they ground between them, and a present it to their own people? concession by one means the Shall we heed their advice that strengthening of the other. strengthening our defenses (both military and civil defense) is not (Regarding the Soviet idea of "peaceful coexistence"): necessary because, as stated by the Soviet First Deputy Minister of It (peaceful coexistence) is con- Defense:' stantly pursued by the Soviet Union and the other socialist . . . As for the Soviet Union, it community countries and is ac- has never had a military base tively supported by all peace- near the United States. loving forces. Under its in- (Author's note : Cuba is fairly fluence the situation is radi- close.) cally changing in favor of ...... The Soviet Union has never socialism. meddled in the internal affairs of any foreign country. We have always proceeded from the premise that the (Author's note: East Germany, The Russian reasoning process is ideological contradictions be- Hungary, Czechoslovakia, extremely difficult to fathom . Their tween socialism and capitalism Africa do not count.) thinking operates on a two-way are of a class and antagonistic . . , the might of the Soviet track (one for internal use and the nature and that any `mutual rap- Armed Forces poses no threat other for external use) but, given prochement' or convergence is to anyone . These forces have thoughtful consideration, it boils out of the question . never been used for seizing down to one very straightforward another country's territory for idea. They have a definite goal which But, at his meeting with President enslaving the people of other for the signing of underlies every move they make. Carter in Vienna countries . made the follow- This goal is the eventual world-wide SALT II, Brezhnev (Author's note: Czechoslovakia, a press con- takeover by the communists . The ing statement' at Poland, Hungary excluded.) ference . Soviet leaders appear to be com- The world at large knows pletely dedicated to this objective, . . . the USSR and the United perfectly well that the USSR and they do not hesitate to state States will not push each other has never threatened war or at- their intention, although it is usually off the face of the earth and will tacked anyone . shrouded in heavy rhetoric . An ex- not change each other. So, the (Author's note Use of Cuban cellent example of their internal : only reasonable course of ac- troops is easier.) statements was reported in a recent tion is to advance further along article,' from which we chose the the path of peaceful coex- George Washington said in his following excerpts. istence, detente and message to the Congress, Dec . 3, (Regarding U .S . suggestion that businesslike cooperation . . . 1793: "peaceful coexistence" or So, the problem our nation must . . . There is a rank due to the detente should mean a live and resolve appears to be that of facing United States among nations, let-live situation) : up to a decision : Which of these which will be withheld, if not Every politically aware person statements we are to believe? Shall absolutely lost, by the reputa- knows that opposite an- we take at face value their "peaceful tion of weakness-if we desire tagonistic world outlooks can- coexistence" statements to us, or to avoid insult we must be

1 4 Journal of Civil Defense: December 1979

~ `\~ , 11"1

111 111111 .,lungi ~Xunnir IRN Yr 1111/l~ ~\UIli

ready to repel it; if we desire to of a need' for civilian and in- casting a tape recording of an secure peace, . . . it must be dustrial defense. actual explosion . Amplification known that we are at all times As we devote more attention to of the first phase of sound is ready for war. survival, we extricate ourselves produced by means of five sup- In the present day, being ready to from the moral dilemma of plemental explosive devices. deliberately holding innocent face war must mean not only being These devices are portable and children, women and men ready militarily. It must also mean can be programmed to vary the dura- being ready to offer our citizens a hostage to the judgments of tion of the flash and the intervals means of protecting themselves . governments made under ex- between the onset of the flash and The very survival of our nation and of treme stress. We would free our the arrival of the audible shock our ideals depends on being able to Nation from' possible annihila- wave . tion arising from the save most of our population and miscal- The Soviets have been emphasiz- culations enough of our industries so that or mistakes of poli- ing for sometime the necessity for tical leaders, whether post-war reconstruction can be ac- in the psychological conditioning so that Kremlin or elsewhere. complished . This imposes on us the CD formations can operate well duty to inform our people of the kind If there are any doubts about the under stress . Certainly, performing of dangers that may threaten them seriousness of the USSR training rescue, restoration, recon- and to provide as much protection program to prepare their people for naissance, and other tasks under as only civil defense can furnish . nuclear war,' perhaps this article4 very realistic (although simulated) Also, civil defense could, in the will point out just how the Soviets crisis conditions would be con- event of nuclear blackmail, improve have advanced' along this path. siderably more difficult than merely pretending that such conditions ex- ist . A well-trained cadre is absolute- "if we desire to secure peace . it must be ly necessary for efficient perfor- mance of CD tasks . known that we are at aU times ready for war. REFERENCES 1 . V. Vasilyev, "Detente and the Strug- our nation's position so that we Organizers of the National Air gle of Ideologies," Moscow Sot- would not be forced to yield cring- Defense Forces have created a sialisticheskaya lndustriya in Russian, ingly to an aggressor's threat. device which simulates the July 24, 1979, p . 3, as reported in FBIS- light and -sound effects of a SOV-79-149, Daily Report Soviet Union, Aug. 1, 1979, Vol . III, No. 149, pp. CC5- In an August 1979 paper, former nuclear- burst. CCS. DCPA head, Bardyl R. Tirana, closed This simulator gives trainees an 2 . Unattributed article, "The Im- with these words. impresion of the sequence of perative of Detente,'' Ekonomika, the luminous Politika, Ideologiya in Russian No. 7, Our effect of radiation June 25, 1979, pp. 5-7. Nation has been troubled and the nuclear burst shock by the growing specter of 3. Marshal N . Ogarkov, Chief of Staff wave and their time and spatial of the Soviet Armed Forces and First nuclear armaments. The ack- characteristics. On this basis, it Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, nowledgement of the risk of is possible to develop skills in Pravda, Aug. 2, 1979 as reported in nuclear confrontation Reprints from the Soviet Press, Vol . XXIX, will bring using fallout shelters and pro- about a national recognition of Nos . 3-4, Auq. 15-31, 1979, pp. 35-45. tective gear following the flash. 4. LT. COL. F. Skripkin, "Light and the responsibility to do Sound Effects, Tekhnika i vooruzheniye something about it. . . . It will . The sound of the nuclear (Technology and Armament), No. 1, 1979, also bring a gradual acceptance blast is simulated by broad- p. 14.

Journal of Civil Defense: December 1979 1 5

TOO GOOD TO FILE

It is difficult, and not at all desirable,to be coolly the last decade and a half,says the article, have neces- clinical about photographs of American citizens bound sitated a revision of civil defense planning and blindfolded and spat upon by rabble, but, the freez- ing truth is that Americans had better get used to such According to the study, the "massive retaliation" nuc- photographs, if they are not already . Enduring the con- lear strategy of the US during the 19505 effectively tempt of the contemptible is just one severity that life precluded the possibility of ground war in Europe That, has in store for a declining nation . however, gave way to the "flexible response,'' which re- sulted in renewed planning for conventional NATO action - George will (in his syndicated column) in Europe .

The article's author, however, notes that Europe's ability to mount a credible conventional defense depends President Carter approved Presidential Directive: 41, on the ability of the civilian population to survive a thereby reintroducing civil defense as a factor in the ground war, and to support the military effort, U,S-U .S .S .R . strategic balance . Subsequent discussion has generally centered on two basic points : - Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily.

- Civil defense won't work, and therefore. it will have no effect. on the strategic balance between the superpowers . There is no safe level of radioactivity, says Dr . John - Civil defense would be extremely provoca- Gol'man , , . Perhaps this is not perjury, for in a sense tive and would force the Soviets to escalate it is true: that no exact value of a harmless maximum the arms race by developing offensive systems dose can at present be given . Nevertheless, his state to and tactics counter our defensive measures . ment is pure quackery : Since practically all drinking The first argument ignores the important fact that water is radioactive (about 15 picocuries per liter), any effective civil defense system -- even a limited one Gofman is telling you that there is no amount of water, -- may make significant contributions to deterrence by however small, that you can safely drink, and that there demonstrating visible capability and will . Moreover, is no amount. of salad oil (4,900 pC/1) which you can active civil defense measures correctly recognize the safely eat ; be is telling you that there is no safe fact that, despite our best efforts, deterrence may fail amount of blood you may have in your veins,for it always o o The argument that a U, S, civil defense program carries radioactive potassium 40, which gives you an in- would be provocative to the Soviets appears to be some- ternal dose of about 25 mrems/year . what contradictory to the first argument . If it won't work, why should it be provocative? If other doctors were as reckless (or incompetent) as Dr . Ge'lman in using the truth but not the whole truth, could - "Strategic Deterrence in the Age of Detente," by they recommend exposure to radiation as a preven- tive measure Lgainst cancer on the grounds(in themselves Capt, Robert J, Carlin (USN, Rot,) in U . S . Naval Institute Proceedings, true) chat. Colorado has twice the natural radioactive backgrowvl of Florida, but only half the cancer inci- dence . , . In mid-October,Secretary Harold Brown announced admin- istration plans to give the Senato a preview of the fis- - Access to Energy cal 1981 defense budget and highlights of the five-year defense plans before it votes on the SALT II treaty, That won't cover civil defense now that FEMA has taken over, In FFMA, it is still uncertain whether John Macy will push for the recommended program D Prime in 1981, And the 1980 effort has been cut back about 10 percent UPCOMING to provide funds to build the Agency's proposed Emergen- cy Management Institute . Dec 3-7 Washington State Search and Rescue Management Cou :,vc, SeaTac Airport, WA - American Strategic Defe nse Assn, Newsletter , 24-27 Industry/Business Emergency Planning, FEMA Staff College, Battle Creek

27-30 21st U . S . Symposium on Rock Mechanics, U of A recent article in the Bonn daily Die Welt has called Missouri-Rolla for West Germany to significantly upgrade its civil de- fense program, Jun 8-13 American Nuclear Society Annual Conference, Las Vegas The article notes that for much of the 1950s and into the 1960s, civil defense was hardly even discussed, much Jul 21-25 Career Graduate Seminar, FEMA Staff College less implemented, due to the German population's psycho- -- Battle Creek logical revulsion for anything that would remind it of war . But the changing military strategies of NATO over Oct 6-9 Annual USCDC Conference, Milwaukee

1 6 Journal of Civil Defense : December 1979

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Nuclear War Survival Skills Kearny has devoted a lifetime to the study, research and rawbone ex- By Cresson H . Kearny, Oak Ridge perimentation on ways to cheat National Laboratory. 233 pages, 8 1/z death when the chips are down and x 11-inch format . dirty in a modern war situation . Reviewed by Kevin Kilpatrick From pre-World War II turmoil in Europe to the Andes and tropical Note : This government-printed jungles, Mexico, the Phillippines, book has been given very limited China, Vietnam and the Rocky distribution . Mountain slopes, blast-test sites and tidewater swamps of the United Plans were made to have it States, Kearny has diligently, dog- reprinted and distributed through gedly and meticulously examined The American Civil Defense the anatomy of disaster and simple, Association . practical ways to deal with it and to These plans, however, had to enhance man's survival odds. As a U .S. Army officer in World War II, be abandoned due to unforeseen Kearny invented, designed and circumstances . tested jungle survival equipment for It is hoped that Nuclear War the combat soldier. Later in Vietnam Survival Skills will still find a he made similar contributions to the suitable printer and a distributor . fighting American's survival . In both cases he was decorated by his At that time the Journal of Civil This family completed a Door-Covered government for his invaluable con- information may be Trench Shelter 37 hours after receiving Defense-as tributions to combat effectiveness. the building instructions at their home. furnished to it-will make ap- A veteran member of the Oak propriate announcements and Ridge National Laboratory, Kearny and came up with survival solutions advertising. has for the past 15 years been given a free hand to continue work on sur- that even inexperienced individuals, Nuclear War Survival Skills could vival methods in modern-nuclear families or small groups can master. just be the most important and -war. The world has been his This he repeatedly proved by' having timely book on nuclear attack pro- laboratory . For basic expedient urban men, women and-children- tective measures to be published in shelter techniques he first zeroed in many of them complete strangers the United States. Or anywhere. on Russian shelter designs, im- to manual labor, construction and As a matter of fact, it is. proved them, applied to them his even the outdoors-build shelters Rhodes Scholar Cresson own developments and inventions, from scratch in difficult conditions, including frozen ground, high water table, rocky soil, and heat'-` and= storm . Nuclear War Survival Skills is the result of Kearny's 40 years of dedication . In the book's foreward Nobel Laureate Eugene P. Wigner says: "When the U .S. Atomic Energy Commission authorized me in 1964 to initiate the Civil Defense Project at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, one of the first researchers I recruited was Cresson H . Kearny,, the author of this book. Most'of his life has been preparation, unplanned and planned, for writing this guide to help people not familiar with the effects of nuclear weapons improve their chances of surviving a nuclear attack ." Kearny's book contains 16 chapters and four appendices . Over 160 illustrations supplement the text . Appendix A, for instance, gives detailed instructions' for the con- Placing 9-foot poles for the roof of a Pole-Covered Trench Shelter . struction of six types of expedient

1 8 Journal of Civil Defense : December 1979 fallout shelter (all appendices tial components-are emphasized Standards For Fallout Shelters display detailed drawings). Appen- in the Kearny book. For instance: dices B and C cover two Kearny in- "Persons in 15-psi blast shelters Prepared by Delbert B. Ward, AIA, in ventions: the homemade Kearny air would not be injured by blast, fire, or cooperation with National Con- pump (KAP) and the homemade radiation effects from a 1-megaton ference of States on Building Codes Kearny fallout meter (KFM). surface burst 1 1/2 miles away, or and Standards and Federal "Some informed citizens," writes from a 20-megaton surface burst 4 Emergency Management Agency. Kearny,"-particularly those who miles away. If an attack occurs, the Published by U .S. Government Print- live near large cities or in their outer area in which persons in 15-psi blast ing Office, 28 pages . Available suburbs-may choose to build shelters would be 'killed by blast, through Federal Emergency earth-covered expedient blast fire, or radiation would be only about Management Agency channels . shelters in their back yards, rather 117 as large as the area in which peo- than to evacuate . Going into a ple sheltered in average homes Reviewed by R. W. Keiser strange area and trying to build or would die from blast and fire effects find good shelter and other essen- alone." The three portions of this pam- tials of life would entail risks that phlet entitled FOREWORD, THE many people might hesitate to take, FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGE- particularly if they live outside the MENT AGENCY, and INTRODUC- probable areas of severe blast TION are devoted to explanations damage . For such citizens, the best and discussions of standards for decision might be to stay at home, public fallout shelters as well as build earth-covered expedient blast fallout shelters in hospitals. These shelters, supply them with the portions define the term "building essentials for long occupancy, and code," the role of FEMA and the remain with their possessions." shelter program, the function of Nuclear War Survival Skills is the local code organizations in prepar- first book that gives detailed infor- ing standards, and the meaning of mation on how to build expedient standards as applied in this pam- blast shelters of several types. The phlet. great advantages of blast shelters- The STANDARD FOR PUBLIC if built complete with blast doors, FALLOUT SHELTERS specifically blast valves, and their other essen- describes the shelter area, the func- tion of the shelter area and minimum requirements for space, Benches with overhead bunks in a skill- protection factor (PF), effective fully designed Small-Pole Shelter o1 Rus- temperature, access and egress, sian design. lighting, structural design, ventila- Although the practicality of these tion, fire resistance, hazards, sanita- expedient blast shelters has been tion, water, supplies and storage. demonstrated by blast tests, Kearny THE STANDARD FOR FALLOUT also brings out their disadvantages, SHELTERS IN HOSPITALS adds re- in comparison with permanent blast quirements of decontamination, shelters, by warnings such as : "Pre- communications, and emergency crisis preparations are essential . . ." electrical power to those for public and "Disadvantages of expedient shelter. requirements blast shelters are their The COMMENTARY is an explana- materials, tools, skill for more time, tion of fallout radiation effects and and work than are needed for the reasoning and purpose of the re- building fallout shelters.'' quired facets of the standards for In terms of providing survival public and hospital fallout shelters. solutions at a grass-roots level, Nuclear War Survival Skills is pure This pamphlet can be easily gold . It's a new weapon of understood by laymen and ade- defense-a most formidable one. quately describes the purpose of For those who wish to apply its standards and the minimum re- techniques it can offset to a con- quirements of building codes. Since siderable extent 25 years of civil the COMMENTARY is also ex- defense neglect. planatory in content, a more infor- Behind the girl Is the homemade air It could save the day. That is, if a mative approach would be attained pump that made it possible for a family way can be found to print the book by placing the commentary before of six to live in a crowded trench shelter for its intended readers : the the STANDARD FOR PUBLIC for more than three days. American public . FALLOUT SHELTERS .

Journal of Civil Defense : December 1979 1 9 CIVIL DEFENSE ABROAD

tries where prevention and opera- well recognized by the top people in SWITZERLAND tions measures are often entrusted the police . . . The October issue of the Bulletin to national Civil Protection organiza- I think I should declare my in- of the International Civil Defense tions ." terest . I happen to be president of Organization (Geneva) carried a the Devonshire Association' of feature account of TACDA's Kansas ENGLAND Parish Councils ; I am an honorary a TAVR III Yeomanry City Seminar-Conference . excerpt is taken colonel of The following Regiment, and I am chairman'' of an After printing "The Kansas City address by from the account of an called the Devon Proclamation" in full the Bulletin Clifford of Chudleigh pub- organization Lord Volunteers . . . I am also reported under the heading of "Key lished in the July-September issue Emergency a graduate of the now defunct civil to Survival": of The Journal of The Institute of defense staff college . . . "This was the theme of the Civil Defense: Civil Defense Association Home defense and civil defense American HOUSE OF LORDS held in Kansas are inexorably linked. TAVR III needs Seminar-Conference, 26th June 1979 City, in the State of Missouri, on 27 to be greatly increased, and both and 28 September 1979. The Lord CLIFFORD OF CHUDLEIGH organizations need to be better Seminar-Conference was followed For reasons which I hope will equipped and trained . This is my by the Annual Meeting of the become clear later in my speech, I plea and I should like to end by a Association . . . am going to confine myself purely to quotation from the Newsletter of the "Kansas City was selected as the home and civil defense. As I see it, particular TAVR III unit to which I site because of its vast underground we, alone in Europe, have no ade- have referred . The headline over it is premises, presently being used as quate form of home or civil defense. "Food for Thought," and it goes like an international trade center, The all-party Defense Study Group this: warehouses for food-industry pro- took evidence from the heads of ducts and others . An entire and we We the willing both the Navy and Air Force, the unknowing autonomous life has been organized this country can now be Led by heard that the ungrateful in these underground areas . . . of ease, For attacked, with the greatest so much which could be used as shelters if from the west-and I Have done by Russia For long, with so little necessary. underline the west-both by sea and so We are now qualified "The goal of the main theme of air. We know-we have heard it by anything with nothing . the Seminar-Conference was to re- already and we shall hear it again To do in vive and maintain public interest this evening-how great is the My Lords, that is a cry from the Civil Protection by explaining its preponderance of conventional and grass roots. I hope the Government whole role in the survival of the short-range nuclear arms which the will pay attention to it. population. Many participants di- Warsaw Pact has over NATO. I know rected pertinent questions to the that I probably disagree with both speakers, who were from various the noble Lord, Lord Peart, and the professional circles and had had noble Lord, Lord Strathcona and extremely extensive experience in Mount Royal, when I say that I am NOTICE: this field . . . afraid SALT II means that we have "WHEN LIGHTNING STRIKES The goal of the main theme of the lost the American nuclear umbrella -a unique 15-minute slide Seminar-Conference was to revive which has kept the peace in Europe program with informative com- and maintain public interest in Civil since 1945. . . . mentary prepared by National Protection by explaining its role in Can any Government claim to be Weather Service meteorolo- the survival of the whole population . fulfilling its responsibility to protect gists. This presentation pro- Many participants directed pertinent its people without adequate evacua- vides the audience with infor- questions to the speakers, who were tion plans, or preparations for this mation about thunderstorms from various professional circles type of emergency? Have we any and lightning. The text is for and had had extremely extensive ex- plans for dealing with major ac- any type of audience, includ- perience in this field . . . cidents, nuclear or otherwise? The ing students of almost any "Dr . Milan Bodi, Secretary answer, I believe, is, no. The answer age. Slides are comprised of General of the ICDO, for his part, to the overall question about what both photographs and art presented information on the pro- we should do, is that we should set work. Explicit lighning safety tection and safety systems for the up a single, co-ordinated, voluntary rules are stressed . The series populations in various countries and emergency organization. Such an is $21 .50 (order #A01979) and especially in developing countries organization is necessary, urgent contains 67 slides and an that are frequently exposed to and of overriding importance . I 11-page commentary. It's sold disasters . These details were of the would add one more very important by the National Audiovisual utmost interest to the audience, for reason for the creation of such a Center, Order Section, General the majority of the American public nation-wide organization and that is Services Administration, does not have a clear idea of the ef- to maintain morale in a crisis period. Washington, D.C . 20409." forts undertaken in the new coun- I can safely say that this is a factor

20 Journal of Civil Defense: December 1979 IRON OXIDE MORTAR FOR:

1 . PAVING REPAIRS Easy-to-handle FAST PATCH hardens almost immediately, wears like iron-a lifetime solu- tion for pot holes. (Use CHEMCRETE for original paving.) 2. NUCLEAR SHIELDING Combined structural, thermal, chemical and nuclear properties provide reasonable assurance for the containment of the worst possible accident (core melt-down) of a nuclear power reactor. It is reasonable to assume that SOME OTHER NON-NUCLEAR APPLICATIONS somewhere, sometime such an accident will FOR THIS SUPERIOR GROUT, MORTAR AND occur if thousands of reactors are built around POURED CONCRETE: the world. Which one and when is an unknown . All should be designed and constructed to bridge decking contain the radioactive debris of such a hypothetical highway and airstrip overlays accident. offshore oil pipe overlays docks, breakwaters, levees and canal locks foundations, caissons and piles railroad ties and bridge beams sewerage plants and piping thermal cycling situations arctic cold and tropical heat

Journal of Civil Defense: December 1979 21 SCHLAFLY REACTION TO KANSAS CITY SEMINAR-CONFERENCE

Feminist-lawyer-author-political analyst Phyllis Schlafly-avid campaigner for basic American moral values, controversial, and a hazard to proponents of pantywaist American foreign policy-is fortunately, in addition to that, an advocate of a two-fisted national civil defense posture. Here's what she has to say in a news release about the resolution adopted by The American Civil Defense Association at its September 29th Kansas City meeting:

THE KANSAS CITY PROCLAMATION How would you judge the humanity or the integrity of government leaders who provide for their own protection against enemy attack, but leave their people like sitting ducks, totally defenseless against enemy aggression and weapons? Yet that is precisely the civil defense posture of our nation today. The U.S. Government has provided sophisticated protective measures against nuclear attack for high government officials. This clearly demonstrates that the danger of nuclear attack is recognized by our leaders. But they have done nothing to protect the American people or our cities . The constitutional mandate is clear: the U.S. Constitution requires that the Congress "provide for the common defense." The statutory mandate is clear: the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 declares that "it is the policy and intent of Congress to provide a system of civil defense for the protection of life and property ." Has Congress done it? No. Has the White House pro- posed it? No. No credible civil defense for the American people exists now or is seriously programmed. Yet the failure to provide protection for the population of the United States could, in the event of a nuclear exchange, result in 90 million to 165 million American casualties . The American Civil Defense Associaiton, a prestigious scientific group whose guiding light is Nobel prize winner Eugene P. Wigner, believes that appropriate civil defense measures would reduce U.S. fatalities in case of nuclear at- tack from more than half our population to fewer than, nine million, or about four percent of our people. The Association further believes that a credible civil defense program would be a strong deterrent of war because it would discourage nuclear attack by eliminating most of the attractive "soft" population targets. In its recent annual convention, the American Civil Defense Association passed what it calls "The Kansas City Proclamation" : a demand that our Government fulfill its con stitutional duty to defend the American people and their homeland. The Proclamation provides a set of specific directives to our Government to achieve that goal, none of which our Federal Government has yet adopted: 1 . Start a sustained program of public education and training which will promote in-depth understanding of the nuclear-attack issue. 2. Inform the general public of the risks of nuclear attack, the consequences of nuclear warfare, and the modern means available to protect people against the effects of nuclear weapons, including a description of the techniques now in use or planned for the exclusive protection of government officials. 3. Adopt plans for the emergency use of available shelter space and adapt it to use against damage from nuclear weapons. 4. Designate and develop existing protective facilities, such as Kansas City's underground complexes, which can be used as guides in constructing protection capabilities in other areas. 5. Encourage and require protective measures in new construction which will shield against nuclear attack, making use of building codes, government construction policies, and tax incentives . 6. Plan for emergency medical facilities, emergency food storage, adequate communications and warnings, rescue and emergency relocation operations, long-term restoration needs, and other measures designed to promote survival and recovery from nuclear attack. 7. Make civil defense an integral part of our national defense, tying it in with other effective means of homeland defense such as an anti-ballistic missile defense. 8. Promote in every practical way a credible U.S. civil defense plan and program along simple, practical lines which will assure a maximum chance of population survival and national recovery, no matter what the attack scenario. Such measures would promote both the security and the safety of the United States and an honorable peace.

22 Journal of Civil Defense: December 1979

NEW SWISS FACT BOOK -IN ENGLISH Latest in the series of Swiss "Yellow Booklets" is Civil Defense (Civil Protection) Figures, Facts, Data 79180. One republished chart put together by Swiss INVEST military authorities shows the ratios and numbers of civilian and military victims of major wars (excerpted IN data): SURVIVAL! Military Civilian THE AMERICAN CIVIL DEFENSE ASSOCIATION Victims Victims Ratio World War 1 10,000,000 500,000 20 : 1 World War 11 20,000,000 24,000,000 1 : 1 TACDA Korea 100,000 500,000 1 :5 Vietnam 150,000 3,000,000 1 :20 MEMBERSHIPS Future war' ? ? 1 : 100 E' Regular : $25 yr. (includes TACDA membership card, voting privileges, conference and seminar 'Nuclear, without shelter invitations, Journal of Civil Defense)

Four charts on international war preparedness show ''I Sponsoring : $56 yr. (includes all of above plus the Soviets outstripping the U.S. Over 90% of the Swiss TACDA Alert, technical reports, Disaster Re- have shelter (blast + biological + chemical with sponse Guide on request) utilities and supplies). This percentage increases each I I Organization, corporate and philanthropic: year. $500 yr. (20 copies of hospital beds-more Journal of Civil De- There are 72,000 underground fense, etc .) protected hospital spaces per capita than the U .S. has above-ground unprotected spaces, 213 of which are and can be written off as lost. vulnerable to attack SEPARATE ORDERS : Among the protected medical facilities are 85 hospitals, 283 first aid stations and 629 first aid posts. SUBSCRIPTIONS TO TACDA PERIODICALS El Journal of Civil Defense: $12 yr., $22 two-yrs. (included in TACDA memberships) f~ TACDA Alert: $8 yr. (included in TACDA sponsor- ing membership) TACDA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS El TACDA Technical Report No. 1-Levels of Nat- ural and Man-Made Nuclear Radiation: $2.95 TACDA Technical Report No. 2-Emergency Preparedness and the Kansas City Under- ground. $2.95 O Disaster Response Guide: $2.95

Orders may be submitted in letter form or by filling out and mailing the following: Civil defense training in 1978 jumped to 6,811 classes with 245,927 students-a total of over a million and a half students in the last 10 years. One out of every four Swiss. Federal civil defense expenditures in 1978 were 190 The American Civil Defense Association, Inc . million Swiss francs, or about $18 per person . Peak year P.O. Box 1057 was 1976 when the per capita civil defense expenditure Starke, FL 32091 was about $24. Enclosed please find $ for items Civil Defense (Civil Protection) Figures, Facts, Data checked above. 79180 is published by the Swiss Federal Office of Civil Defense, and requests for free copies (subject to availability) may be sent to : Name Bundesamt fur Zivilschutz Information Service Address 3003 Bern Switzerland City State Zip

Journal of Civil Defense: December 1979

SPITTLE OR SPUNK?

The mob takeover of - , On November 7th Congressman Carroll Hubbard, a the American Embassy Kentucky Democrat, rose on the floor of the U .S. in Iran and its aftermath House of Representatives to point out that the highlight again the shameful Teheran incident could be "the spark that mounting problem of will awaken us to our disastrous foreign policy." American weakness, vul Would that that could be! nerability, humiliation ( ; "Nobody ever seized a Soviet embassy," com- and sycophancy. The ire r ments columnist William F. Buckley . of Americans will die down, but the American skid to oblivion will con- Iran : "the spark that will awaken u tinue unabated unless foreign we quickly reverse our to our disastrous policy"? field . Vietnam, Panama, Cuba, Africa, Central America The Carter move to deport Iranian student drop- and so on-a skein of disgraces reminiscent of the outs results in little more than contemptuous deri- last days of Rome haunts us . "I am concerned and sion. His cut-off of Iranian oil, however, is a good disappointed,'' says Senator Roger Jepson (see page step . Lt . Governor Zell Miller of Georgia-who is run- 12, this issue) "over the lack of resolve and will that ning hard for the U .S. Senate-recommends that we're showing in this country. Other nations don't 60,000 Iranian students in the United States be round- know if they can believe the U.S." ed up and exchanged for the 60 Americans in the Contemplating a dismal SALT II, Lord Clifford of Teheran embassy compound . How about that? Chudleigh in the British House of Lords warns (page There's a final question : How does civil defense fit 20): "I am afraid SALT II means that we have lost the into this picture? A Russian would know . If we are American nuclear umbrella which has kept the peace talking seriously about action that will ''awaken us to in Europe since 1945." our disastrous foreign policy" then civil defense George Will in his Veterans Day syndicated column must be one of the cornerstones of that action. observes : ''A nation that loses a war it could have In his recent Kansas won . . . had better get used to humiliation . A nation City address Edward Tel- that has no serious response when three am- ler expressed it this way bassadors are murdered (in Cyprus, Sudan and (page 6): ''With civil de- Afghanistan) had better get used to spittle on its fense and with some ad- cheeks." ditional measures, none Ruby Thurmer (page 14) reminds us that George of which is more impor- Washington two centuries ago cautioned us: ''There tant than civil defense, is a rank due to the United States among nations, although they are impor- which will be withheld, if not absolutely lost, by the tant too-with the proper reputation of weakness-if we desire to avoid insult measures America can we must be ready to repel it ." survive the 1980s . The feckless abdication of our nuclear power Without civil defense I leadership in an Alice-in-Wonderland atmosphere is a think we cannot ." further factor in America's dizzy decline . "I genuinely We have a choice : collapse or survival . The first' is fear for this country's future,'' testified nuclear sub the easy, ignominious, cop-out route-the one we're developer Rickover to Congress . now on. The second requires some spunk, some ef- And Leon Goure (page 7), deploring our fatuity, fort, some taking of lumps . It's the route we need to notes that "If we want to jump off the bridge that is be on . It's the challenge of our American heritage. We our affair, and Moscow will only applaud." must now opt for it-or else .

JOURNAL OF CIVIL DEFENSE P.O. BOX 910 NON-PROFIT ORG. U.S. POSTAGE Starke, Florida 32091 PAID Starke, Florida PERMIT NO. 61