DOCSLIB.ORG

Ancient Rome

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ancient Rome Ancient Rome Mrs. Sullivan’s Core Rome Geography • Roman cooking was different than now • One dish described by an ancient writer was dormice cooked in honey and poppy seeds • Romans had no potatoes or tomatoes • Pasta had not yet been invented during that time • Citizens in Rome had vast quantities of ornate and elaborate dishes • The poor had access to kitchen but bought not food from many bars or Theropolia Rome Geography • Diets were centered on bread, beans, lentils, and not that much meat • Only large meals were for dinner • Disguising food was done by putting sauces, herbs, or spices on the dish • The look of food was as important as the taste Rome Geography • They grew many different kinds of wheat to make bread • There was hard labor in the fields by farmers • They had a lot of wheat for the nutrients • They had good fertile soil • They got flour by crushing two rocks together and the flour was collected at the bottom Rome Geography • Water supply advanced in many Roman cities • The great aqueducts supplied many water outlets including public fountains in the streets • Bath houses had their own supply or water, as did public toilets • Larger private houses often had water from a main and also collected rain water from the roof • Elaborate systems of lead pipes fed the water to these places under gravity and after use a system of underground sewers carried the waste away Rome Geography • There were a lot of dogs one dog was the guard dog • The Romans had dog collars • Bears were for entertainment for kings, sometimes they would obtained includes Polar Bears, Indian tigers, and rhinoceroses • Animals were used to carry food and more they pulled baskets called panniers • Elephants were used for war Rome Geography • Had Boar, Oxen, and Lamb • Shepherd boys had a bag for young sheep • Liked thrill of chasing wild Boar Rome Geography • In January it was 45 degrees Fahrenheit or 7 degrees Celsius • In July it was 78 degrees Fahrenheit or 26 degrees Celsius • They had rain, snow, and moisture in the air during winter • Also had a warm Mediterranean climate in summer Roman Jobs • Roman Army – Roman soldiers were paid – The army worked and traveled in Legions the were about half the army – Auxiliary soldiers were soldiers from conquered lands Roman Jobs • Making Leather – Skins had to be treated so they wouldn’t rot – Process was called tanning – Soaked the skin in a solution of alum and salt • Mining – One man would use a hand-crank to lower another man into the mine – A wheel has bucket shaped paddles that filter water and sand to find gold. Roman Jobs • Metal work – Romans used a number of different methods for extracting metals from ore – A model of a object was made into wax the model was then coated with clay was hated till the wax inside was melted – A mold of molten bronze was pored into the clay when the bronze was solid they broke the clay seal and removed the bronze Roman Jobs • Engineering – Romans had good pluming. For example they had public toilets and fountains – There sewer systems had a lot of valves – Romans used chisels to carve metal and wood Jobs in Rome • Glassblowing – Blew in to tube to make bubble of molten glass – Rolled over another tube to make neck – Other tub inserted on other end first tub twisted off – Base of glass shaped and top hollowed out while still hot Jobs in Rome • Wine makers – Ripe grapes taken in put vats – Crushed using feet – Juice then strained in large jars – Left for ninety days Jobs in Rome • Medicine – No medical school but as a child apprentice watched doctors performing operations – Roman doctors tackled delicate and dangerous operations like removal of the cataracts or a hole in the head – Later they stared making artificial legs and arms Roman Government • Rome was ruled by monarchs • Later the idea of kings became unacceptable • Rome was formed into a republic • The consuls were appointed for one year to lead the citizens • In war, a military dictator was elected • He saved up his power when he was in trouble Roman Government • Early in the Roman Empire, legions were organized by age – Triarii: elderly men – Principles: 30 to 40 years old – Early Roman property Hastas: 18 to25 years old • owners all had to participate in fighting • Had to bring their own weapons • Later rulers established that the army was paid and that weapons were supplied • Participation wasn’t required anymore Roman Government • Warships – Rome had very feared war ships – Some of their ships had catapults and had movable bridges to invade other vessels – Powered by many rowers Roman Government • Warships – Rome had very feared war ships – Some of their ships had catapults and had movable bridges to invade other vessels – Powered by many rowers Roman Government • Structures – Romans most efficient and practical builders – Different structures: roads, aqueducts, temples, bridges, sewers, and amphitheaters – These structures stand thousands of years Roman Government • Structures – Rome built many aqueducts to support its large city with no water – The harbor at carthage had a circular shape and the outside wall was seven feet thick – The coliseum of ancient Rome was used for gladiators fights and could hold 5000 people Roman Government • Rome was founded by Romulus 753 B.C.E • Archaeologists found evidence that Rome could have been a city before • Early rulers like tribe chiefs • Historians found records that say there were 7 kings in Rome Roman Government • First 3 kings were legendary • All the information on those kings are gone •3rd king, Tullus Hostilius was warlike •4th king, Ancus Mariuse built the first bridge across Tiber river • Roman Government • Government – Also founded seaport city Ostia at mouth river – Next three kings Estruscans – First Estruscan king Lucius Tarquinius Rome Family and Society Clothes • The clothes that the Romans wore varied • The average working people wore tunics that went to their knees and holes at the top to put their head and arms out of. • The wealthier had much larger and comfortable tunics with a a toga (a thick cloak) Rome Family and Society Social Structure • Poor Romans couldn’t always support a child but emperor sometimes gave the family money to support their child. Rome Family and Society Slaves • The women of the household would have to be in charge of the slaves that worked without pay. • The slaves also had to stay in the mood of their owners or else they would be beaten. • Some slaves had been bought from pirates. • When slaves got expensive Romans captured slaves by waylaying passing travelers. • Troublesome slaves wore chains. • Old slaves did odd jobs and were looked after for the rest of their life. Rome Family and Society Homes • Poor families lived in apartments made out of wood . • Their apartments caught fire a lot. • Rich families lived in elegant Mansions called Domi. Rome Family and Society Traditions • Rich people went to public bath houses and slaves cleaned them. • They had no soap so covered themselves in oil and scrap it off. • They had and exercise yard. • They left clothes in the cloakroom but some people sometimes stole them. Rome Family and Society Family Structure • The head of the family was the dad. • He could kill his wife or children. Then it stopped. • The women were respected for the household and raising children. • Girls got home schooled and boys went to real schools. Rome Family and Society Festivals • February 13th-21st they had ceremonies for their dead parents. • April 4th-10th they held games to honor Cybele the Great Mother. • April 12th-19th they held games to honor Ceres goddess of corn. •July 6th-13th festivals connected with religious ceremonies to god Apollo. • September 5th-19th festivals, games and feasts for Jupiter. On the 13th a banquet for the senators and magistrates. Roman Culture Religion • Romans worshipped their gods • Jupiter was the god of the Roman state • Jupiter was the sky god who symbols the eagle and the thunderbolt • Romans also worshipped gods of people that they conquered • Each god had its’ own shrine • When emperors died, many were worshipped as gods • If there was no reason for something, they conclude that is was an omen from the gods. • For many years Christians had to worship in secret Roman Culture Buildings • The Romans created buildings with arches to make them stronger and larger. • The Romans invented concrete • Entertainment buildings were very important. Roman Culture The Coliseum • The Coliseum was opened by Emperor Titus in A.D. 80. • It held about 50,000 people. • The Coliseum was designed to have easy access and so that the Romans wouldn’t get lost. • Vaults, corridors, and stairways led to seats. • Arched vaults were on the ground floor. • 80 entrances for crowds, marked with numbers to help guests find their seats. • There was a massive iron chandelier suspended above the arena to allow Romans to watch killing and bloodshed for amusement. • During intermission, Romans would be sprinkled with perfume to mask the scent of blood. Roman Culture Music and Art • The Romans created flutes, cymbals, spiral horns, pan pipes and tubas • Romans played for festivals, entertainment, theatrical shows, and processions. • Statues were the most popular form of art in Rome • Often marble statues were painted • Murals were painted on houses • Mosaics were made from stone, terra cotta, glass, and placed on floors • Many of our words and letters today come from the Latin language of the Roman empire. Roman Culture Baths • Baths in Rome were not desirable to live near • There was a building which contained boiling water in tubs • Rich and poor people went to baths • The Romans went to the have baths during their social hour to get massages, play games, and make work and business deals • Many workers were needed for cleaning the baths, keep fires going to warm the baths, giving out snacks and drinks, and plucking hair from the armpits of the customers.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ancient Religions: Public Worship of the Greeks and Romans by E.M
    Ancient Religions: Public worship of the Greeks and Romans By E.M. Berens, adapted by Newsela staff on 10.07.16 Word Count 1,250 Level 1190L TOP: The temple and oracle of Apollo, called the Didymaion in Didyma, an ancient Greek sanctuary on the coast of Ionia (now Turkey), Wikimedia Commons. MIDDLE: The copper statue of Zeus of Artemision in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Greece. BOTTOM: Engraving shows the Oracle of Delphi, bathed in shaft of light atop a pedestal and surrounded by cloaked figures, Delphi, Greece. Getty Images. Temples Long ago, the Greeks had no shrines or sanctuaries for public worship. They performed their devotions beneath the vast and boundless canopy of heaven, in the great temple of nature itself. Believing that their gods lived above in the clouds, worshippers naturally searched for the highest available points to place themselves in the closest communion possible with their gods. Therefore, the summits of high mountains were selected for devotional purposes. The inconvenience of worshipping outdoors gradually suggested the idea of building temples that would offer shelter from bad weather. These first temples were of the most simple form, without decoration. As the Greeks became a wealthy and powerful people, temples were built and adorned with great splendor and magnificence. So massively were they constructed that some of them have withstood the ravages of This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. time. The city of Athens especially contains numerous remains of these buildings of antiquity. These ruins are most valuable since they are sufficiently complete to enable archaeologists to study the plan and character of the original structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Graham Jones
    Ni{ i Vizantija XIV 629 Graham Jones SEEDS OF SANCTITY: CONSTANTINE’S CITY AND CIVIC HONOURING OF HIS MOTHER HELENA Of cities and citizens in the Byzantine world, Constantinople and its people stand preeminent. A recent remark that the latter ‘strove in everything to be worthy of the Mother of God, to Whom the city was dedicated by St Constantine the Great in 330’ follows a deeply embedded pious narrative in which state and church intertwine in the city’s foundation as well as its subse- quent fortunes. Sadly, it perpetuates a flawed reading of the emperor’s place in the political and religious landscape. For a more nuanced and considered view we have only to turn to Vasiliki Limberis’ masterly account of politico-religious civic transformation from the reign of Constantine to that of Justinian. In the concluding passage of Divine Heiress: The Virgin Mary and the Creation of Christianity, Limberis reaffirms that ‘Constantinople had no strong sectarian Christian tradition. Christianity was new to the city, and it was introduced at the behest of the emperor.’ Not only did the civic ceremonies of the imperial cult remain ‘an integral part of life in the city, breaking up the monotony of everyday existence’. Hecate, Athena, Demeter and Persephone, and Isis had also enjoyed strong presences in the city, some of their duties and functions merging into those of two protector deities, Tyche Constantinopolis, tutelary guardian of the city and its fortune, and Rhea, Mother of the Gods. These two continued to be ‘deeply ingrained in the religious cultural fabric of Byzantium..
    [Show full text]
  • Ovid, Fasti 1.63-294 (Translated By, and Adapted Notes From, A
    Ovid, Fasti 1.63-294 (translated by, and adapted notes from, A. S. Kline) [Latin text; 8 CE] Book I: January 1: Kalends See how Janus1 appears first in my song To announce a happy year for you, Germanicus.2 Two-headed Janus, source of the silently gliding year, The only god who is able to see behind him, Be favourable to the leaders, whose labours win Peace for the fertile earth, peace for the seas: Be favourable to the senate and Roman people, And with a nod unbar the shining temples. A prosperous day dawns: favour our thoughts and speech! Let auspicious words be said on this auspicious day. Let our ears be free of lawsuits then, and banish Mad disputes now: you, malicious tongues, cease wagging! See how the air shines with fragrant fire, And Cilician3 grains crackle on lit hearths! The flame beats brightly on the temple’s gold, And spreads a flickering light on the shrine’s roof. Spotless garments make their way to Tarpeian Heights,4 And the crowd wear the colours of the festival: Now the new rods and axes lead, new purple glows, And the distinctive ivory chair feels fresh weight. Heifers that grazed the grass on Faliscan plains,5 Unbroken to the yoke, bow their necks to the axe. When Jupiter watches the whole world from his hill, Everything that he sees belongs to Rome. Hail, day of joy, and return forever, happier still, Worthy to be cherished by a race that rules the world. But two-formed Janus what god shall I say you are, Since Greece has no divinity to compare with you? Tell me the reason, too, why you alone of all the gods Look both at what’s behind you and what’s in front.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural History of the Lunar and Solar Eclipse in the Early Roman Empire
    Cultural History of the Lunar and Solar Eclipse in the Early Roman Empire Richard C. Carrier The regularity and consistency of human imagination may be first displayed in the beliefs connected with eclipses. It is well known that these phenomena, to us now crucial instances of the exactness of natural laws, are, throughout the lower stages of civilization, the very embodiment of miraculous disaster.1 Fifteen hundred years have not yet passed since Greece numbered and named the stars and yet many nations today only know the heavens by their appearance, and do not yet understand why the moon fails or how it is overshadowed.2 More than fifteen hundred years separates these two remarks. Each reveals a gulf between the learned and unlearned, but for Tylor it is a contrast between today and long ago, or here and far away, while for Seneca it is a contrast between the wise and the vulgar, who live in the same time and place. For the lunar and solar eclipse is a phenomenon where the strongest and clearest divide appears between the educated Roman and the common multitude. In contrast with almost everything else in Roman experience, from earthquakes to disease, eclipses of sun and moon can be understood in their entirety, and explained with mathematical precision, without the aid of advanced technology or modern scientific methods. But to those who lacked the encouragement to employ careful observation and physical explanation, and who lacked the breadth of information available to the literate, the eclipse was the most awesome and dire event in human experience.
    [Show full text]
  • The Developmentof Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrachs to The
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. The Development of Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrarchs to the Herakleian Dynasty General Introduction The emperor, as head of state, was the most important and powerful individual in the land; his official portraits and to a lesser extent those of the empress were depicted throughout the realm. His image occurred most frequently on small items issued by government officials such as coins, market weights, seals, imperial standards, medallions displayed beside new consuls, and even on the inkwells of public officials. As a sign of their loyalty, his portrait sometimes appeared on the patches sown on his supporters’ garments, embossed on their shields and armour or even embellishing their jewelry. Among more expensive forms of art, the emperor’s portrait appeared in illuminated manuscripts, mosaics, and wall paintings such as murals and donor portraits. Several types of statues bore his likeness, including those worshiped as part of the imperial cult, examples erected by public 1 officials, and individual or family groupings placed in buildings, gardens and even harbours at the emperor’s personal expense.
    [Show full text]
  • The Imperial Cult and the Individual
    THE IMPERIAL CULT AND THE INDIVIDUAL: THE NEGOTIATION OF AUGUSTUS' PRIVATE WORSHIP DURING HIS LIFETIME AT ROME _______________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Department of Ancient Mediterranean Studies at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________________________________ by CLAIRE McGRAW Dr. Dennis Trout, Dissertation Supervisor MAY 2019 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled THE IMPERIAL CULT AND THE INDIVIDUAL: THE NEGOTIATION OF AUGUSTUS' PRIVATE WORSHIP DURING HIS LIFETIME AT ROME presented by Claire McGraw, a candidate for the degree of doctor of philosophy, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. _______________________________________________ Professor Dennis Trout _______________________________________________ Professor Anatole Mori _______________________________________________ Professor Raymond Marks _______________________________________________ Professor Marcello Mogetta _______________________________________________ Professor Sean Gurd DEDICATION There are many people who deserve to be mentioned here, and I hope I have not forgotten anyone. I must begin with my family, Tom, Michael, Lisa, and Mom. Their love and support throughout this entire process have meant so much to me. I dedicate this project to my Mom especially; I must acknowledge that nearly every good thing I know and good decision I’ve made is because of her. She has (literally and figuratively) pushed me to achieve this dream. Mom has been my rock, my wall to lean upon, every single day. I love you, Mom. Tom, Michael, and Lisa have been the best siblings and sister-in-law. Tom thinks what I do is cool, and that means the world to a little sister.
    [Show full text]
  • THE POLITICS of TEMPORA the Last Years of Augustus' Life and Those
    CHAPTER ONE THE POLITICS OF TEMPORA The last years of Augustus’ life and those just after his death, the years during which Ovid’s Fasti was composed and revised, found Rome poised on the brink of a new definition of her future and a re-reading of the past that brought her to that point. If in earlier years Augustus’ gradual negotiation and adjustment of his own posi- tion in relation to the Republican past and the dictatorship of Caesar had been at center stage, now the steadily growing importance and uncertainty of the succession found Rome also concerned with the future, and with the assurance of continuity and stability.1 Janus, the Fasti’s first divine informant and a god of programmatic importance for the Fasti,2 seems to stand at this historical point, looking before him and behind him at once: Iane biceps, anni tacite labentis origo,/solus de superis qui tua terga vides [Two-headed Janus, font of the silently slipping year, the only god who can see his own back] (1.65–66). As the god of each new beginning, but one who “sees his back” as well, Janus provides a link between past, present and future. The poet addresses to him a prayer for the continuance of the “worry- free peace” provided by Rome’s present leaders, her duces, who are now plural as a new one succeeds to the first. Janus might seem an unlikely candidate for a guarantor of stability—his old name, after all, was Chaos—but his description of the means by which chaos gave way to the present order is telling: me Chaos antiqui (nam sum res prisca) vocabant: aspice quam longi temporis acta canam.
    [Show full text]
  • Naming Effects in Lucretius' De Rerum Natura
    Antonomasia, Anonymity, and Atoms: Naming Effects in Lucretius’ DRN Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics Antonomasia, Anonymity, and Atoms: Naming Effects in Lucretius’ De rerum natura Version 1.0 September 2009 Wilson H. Shearin Stanford University Abstract: This essay argues that selected proper names within Lucretius’ De rerum natura, rather than pointing deictically or referring with clear historical specificity, instead render Lucretius’ poem vaguer and more anonymous. To make this case, the essay first briefly surveys Roman naming practices, ultimately focusing upon a specific kind of naming, deictic naming. Deictic naming points (or attempts to point) to a given entity and often conjures up a sense of the reality of that entity. The essay then studies the role of deictic naming within Epicureanism and the relationship of such naming to instances of naming within De rerum natura. Through analysis of the nominal disappearance of Memmius, the near nominal absence of Epicurus, and the deployment of Venus (and other names) within the conclusion to Lucretius’ fourth book, the essay demonstrates how selected personal names in De rerum natura, in contrast to the ideal of deictic naming, become more general, more anonymous, whether by the substitution of other terms (Memmius, Epicurus), by referential wandering (Venus), or by still other means. The conclusion briefly studies the political significance of this phenomenon, suggesting that there is a certain popular quality to the tendency towards nominal indefiniteness traced in the essay. © Wilson H. Shearin. [email protected] 1 Antonomasia, Anonymity, and Atoms: Naming Effects in Lucretius’ DRN Antonomasia, Anonymity, and Atoms: Naming Effects in Lucretius’ De rerum natura Poet, patting more nonsense foamed From the sea, conceive for the courts Of these academies, the diviner health Disclosed in common forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Omens in Regime Change
    Omens versus Merit in Regime Change: How an Emperor Retains Power A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Classical Studies at the University of Michigan by Inna Dykman April 2008 Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to make it clear that none of this would have been possible without the help of Professor David Potter. Were it not for him, I would still be wandering around the library. He guided me through the disciplines of history and classics with which I was mostly unfamiliar and showed me just how much fascinating scholarship there is. I hope I have done him justice as my advisor. Second, I must thank my boyfriend, James, who has put up with me for the past year. Not only did he spend one whole day proofreading and trying to understand what I was talking about, but he spent many days listening to my whining and frustration. I let myself be distracted by him a fair few times to play a game of poker or watch a movie when I should have been working, but he was the one who made me sit down and write all the other times. His love and support led me in large part to believe I was capable of such a thing at all. The rest of my family was also greatly responsible for encouraging me and listened to more than its fair share of whining as well. They have pushed me all my life to engage in this world of academia, and while my thesis contains many fewer equations and lab results than they might have liked, it would never have come into existence if they had not known that this was the world I would so enjoy.
    [Show full text]
  • WHAT SHOULD WE CALL OUR PLANET? by Herman Greene
    “The earth,” “earth,” or “Earth?” WHAT SHOULD WE CALL OUR PLANET? By Herman Greene Should we call our planet “the earth,” “earth,” or “Earth”? Generally our planet should be called “Earth.” Like the other planets, it should be capitalized and generally not be preceded by “the.” When earth refers to soil, it should not be capitalized. We don’t say, the Mars, and certainly not the mars, or the Venus or the Pluto. It is in keeping with the Gaia theory that we think of Earth as having a kind of organic unity and therefore receive a personal name. Earth is a subject. Technically there was no Greek God name Earth. In Greece, the personification of Earth was Gaia, one of the Greek primordial deities. According to Wikipedia: These deities are a group of gods from which all others descend. They most notably include Uranus (Father Sky) and Gaia (Mother Earth), who preceded the Titans, who themselves preceded the Olympians. In Roman mythology, Tellus or Terra Mater was a goddess of Earth. Wikipedia gives this etymology of Earth: The modern English word Earth developed from a wide variety of Middle English forms, which derived from an Old English noun most often spelled eorðe. It has cognates in every Germanic language, and their proto-Germanic root has been reconstructed as erþō. In its earliest appearances, eorðe was already being used to translate the many senses of Latin terra and Greek γῆ (gē): the ground, its soil, dry land, the human world, the surface of the world (including the sea), and the globe itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Calendar of Roman Events
    Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading Death in Ancient Rome
    Reading Death in Ancient Rome Reading Death in Ancient Rome Mario Erasmo The Ohio State University Press • Columbus Copyright © 2008 by The Ohio State University. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Erasmo, Mario. Reading death in ancient Rome / Mario Erasmo. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8142-1092-5 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8142-1092-9 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Death in literature. 2. Funeral rites and ceremonies—Rome. 3. Mourning cus- toms—Rome. 4. Latin literature—History and criticism. I. Title. PA6029.D43E73 2008 870.9'3548—dc22 2008002873 This book is available in the following editions: Cloth (ISBN 978-0-8142-1092-5) CD-ROM (978-0-8142-9172-6) Cover design by DesignSmith Type set in Adobe Garamond Pro by Juliet Williams Printed by Thomson-Shore, Inc. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI 39.48-1992. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents List of Figures vii Preface and Acknowledgments ix INTRODUCTION Reading Death CHAPTER 1 Playing Dead CHAPTER 2 Staging Death CHAPTER 3 Disposing the Dead 5 CHAPTER 4 Disposing the Dead? CHAPTER 5 Animating the Dead 5 CONCLUSION 205 Notes 29 Works Cited 24 Index 25 List of Figures 1. Funerary altar of Cornelia Glyce. Vatican Museums. Rome. 2. Sarcophagus of Scipio Barbatus. Vatican Museums. Rome. 7 3. Sarcophagus of Scipio Barbatus (background). Vatican Museums. Rome. 68 4. Epitaph of Rufus.
    [Show full text]