Ancient Rome Mrs. Sullivan’s Core Rome Geography • Roman cooking was different than now • One dish described by an ancient writer was dormice cooked in honey and poppy seeds • Romans had no potatoes or tomatoes • Pasta had not yet been invented during that time • Citizens in Rome had vast quantities of ornate and elaborate dishes • The poor had access to kitchen but bought not food from many bars or Theropolia Rome Geography • Diets were centered on bread, beans, lentils, and not that much meat • Only large meals were for dinner • Disguising food was done by putting sauces, herbs, or spices on the dish • The look of food was as important as the taste Rome Geography • They grew many different kinds of wheat to make bread • There was hard labor in the fields by farmers • They had a lot of wheat for the nutrients • They had good fertile soil • They got flour by crushing two rocks together and the flour was collected at the bottom Rome Geography • Water supply advanced in many Roman cities • The great aqueducts supplied many water outlets including public fountains in the streets • Bath houses had their own supply or water, as did public toilets • Larger private houses often had water from a main and also collected rain water from the roof • Elaborate systems of lead pipes fed the water to these places under gravity and after use a system of underground sewers carried the waste away Rome Geography • There were a lot of dogs one dog was the guard dog • The Romans had dog collars • Bears were for entertainment for kings, sometimes they would obtained includes Polar Bears, Indian tigers, and rhinoceroses • Animals were used to carry food and more they pulled baskets called panniers • Elephants were used for war Rome Geography • Had Boar, Oxen, and Lamb • Shepherd boys had a bag for young sheep • Liked thrill of chasing wild Boar Rome Geography • In January it was 45 degrees Fahrenheit or 7 degrees Celsius • In July it was 78 degrees Fahrenheit or 26 degrees Celsius • They had rain, snow, and moisture in the air during winter • Also had a warm Mediterranean climate in summer Roman Jobs • Roman Army – Roman soldiers were paid – The army worked and traveled in Legions the were about half the army – Auxiliary soldiers were soldiers from conquered lands Roman Jobs • Making Leather – Skins had to be treated so they wouldn’t rot – Process was called tanning – Soaked the skin in a solution of alum and salt • Mining – One man would use a hand-crank to lower another man into the mine – A wheel has bucket shaped paddles that filter water and sand to find gold. Roman Jobs • Metal work – Romans used a number of different methods for extracting metals from ore – A model of a object was made into wax the model was then coated with clay was hated till the wax inside was melted – A mold of molten bronze was pored into the clay when the bronze was solid they broke the clay seal and removed the bronze Roman Jobs • Engineering – Romans had good pluming. For example they had public toilets and fountains – There sewer systems had a lot of valves – Romans used chisels to carve metal and wood Jobs in Rome • Glassblowing – Blew in to tube to make bubble of molten glass – Rolled over another tube to make neck – Other tub inserted on other end first tub twisted off – Base of glass shaped and top hollowed out while still hot Jobs in Rome • Wine makers – Ripe grapes taken in put vats – Crushed using feet – Juice then strained in large jars – Left for ninety days Jobs in Rome • Medicine – No medical school but as a child apprentice watched doctors performing operations – Roman doctors tackled delicate and dangerous operations like removal of the cataracts or a hole in the head – Later they stared making artificial legs and arms Roman Government • Rome was ruled by monarchs • Later the idea of kings became unacceptable • Rome was formed into a republic • The consuls were appointed for one year to lead the citizens • In war, a military dictator was elected • He saved up his power when he was in trouble Roman Government • Early in the Roman Empire, legions were organized by age – Triarii: elderly men – Principles: 30 to 40 years old – Early Roman property Hastas: 18 to25 years old • owners all had to participate in fighting • Had to bring their own weapons • Later rulers established that the army was paid and that weapons were supplied • Participation wasn’t required anymore Roman Government • Warships – Rome had very feared war ships – Some of their ships had catapults and had movable bridges to invade other vessels – Powered by many rowers Roman Government • Warships – Rome had very feared war ships – Some of their ships had catapults and had movable bridges to invade other vessels – Powered by many rowers Roman Government • Structures – Romans most efficient and practical builders – Different structures: roads, aqueducts, temples, bridges, sewers, and amphitheaters – These structures stand thousands of years Roman Government • Structures – Rome built many aqueducts to support its large city with no water – The harbor at carthage had a circular shape and the outside wall was seven feet thick – The coliseum of ancient Rome was used for gladiators fights and could hold 5000 people Roman Government • Rome was founded by Romulus 753 B.C.E • Archaeologists found evidence that Rome could have been a city before • Early rulers like tribe chiefs • Historians found records that say there were 7 kings in Rome Roman Government • First 3 kings were legendary • All the information on those kings are gone •3rd king, Tullus Hostilius was warlike •4th king, Ancus Mariuse built the first bridge across Tiber river • Roman Government • Government – Also founded seaport city Ostia at mouth river – Next three kings Estruscans – First Estruscan king Lucius Tarquinius Rome Family and Society Clothes • The clothes that the Romans wore varied • The average working people wore tunics that went to their knees and holes at the top to put their head and arms out of. • The wealthier had much larger and comfortable tunics with a a toga (a thick cloak) Rome Family and Society Social Structure • Poor Romans couldn’t always support a child but emperor sometimes gave the family money to support their child. Rome Family and Society Slaves • The women of the household would have to be in charge of the slaves that worked without pay. • The slaves also had to stay in the mood of their owners or else they would be beaten. • Some slaves had been bought from pirates. • When slaves got expensive Romans captured slaves by waylaying passing travelers. • Troublesome slaves wore chains. • Old slaves did odd jobs and were looked after for the rest of their life. Rome Family and Society Homes • Poor families lived in apartments made out of wood . • Their apartments caught fire a lot. • Rich families lived in elegant Mansions called Domi. Rome Family and Society Traditions • Rich people went to public bath houses and slaves cleaned them. • They had no soap so covered themselves in oil and scrap it off. • They had and exercise yard. • They left clothes in the cloakroom but some people sometimes stole them. Rome Family and Society Family Structure • The head of the family was the dad. • He could kill his wife or children. Then it stopped. • The women were respected for the household and raising children. • Girls got home schooled and boys went to real schools. Rome Family and Society Festivals • February 13th-21st they had ceremonies for their dead parents. • April 4th-10th they held games to honor Cybele the Great Mother. • April 12th-19th they held games to honor Ceres goddess of corn. •July 6th-13th festivals connected with religious ceremonies to god Apollo. • September 5th-19th festivals, games and feasts for Jupiter. On the 13th a banquet for the senators and magistrates. Roman Culture Religion • Romans worshipped their gods • Jupiter was the god of the Roman state • Jupiter was the sky god who symbols the eagle and the thunderbolt • Romans also worshipped gods of people that they conquered • Each god had its’ own shrine • When emperors died, many were worshipped as gods • If there was no reason for something, they conclude that is was an omen from the gods. • For many years Christians had to worship in secret Roman Culture Buildings • The Romans created buildings with arches to make them stronger and larger. • The Romans invented concrete • Entertainment buildings were very important. Roman Culture The Coliseum • The Coliseum was opened by Emperor Titus in A.D. 80. • It held about 50,000 people. • The Coliseum was designed to have easy access and so that the Romans wouldn’t get lost. • Vaults, corridors, and stairways led to seats. • Arched vaults were on the ground floor. • 80 entrances for crowds, marked with numbers to help guests find their seats. • There was a massive iron chandelier suspended above the arena to allow Romans to watch killing and bloodshed for amusement. • During intermission, Romans would be sprinkled with perfume to mask the scent of blood. Roman Culture Music and Art • The Romans created flutes, cymbals, spiral horns, pan pipes and tubas • Romans played for festivals, entertainment, theatrical shows, and processions. • Statues were the most popular form of art in Rome • Often marble statues were painted • Murals were painted on houses • Mosaics were made from stone, terra cotta, glass, and placed on floors • Many of our words and letters today come from the Latin language of the Roman empire. Roman Culture Baths • Baths in Rome were not desirable to live near • There was a building which contained boiling water in tubs • Rich and poor people went to baths • The Romans went to the have baths during their social hour to get massages, play games, and make work and business deals • Many workers were needed for cleaning the baths, keep fires going to warm the baths, giving out snacks and drinks, and plucking hair from the armpits of the customers.