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World Bank Document nfrTn^,rr TL T'rT. ly' TYkIll T. " T A .fT ~tT I V -l A ~ TT ~rfl~frnlTm D'CUIVIEnNI OFIINTILNERNATi1'IONAL BANK, rFOi R R,CONST'1u1CIuiON AIND or,vtLVrMhEr I INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Public Disclosure Authorized Not For Public Use PS-13 t VO~~~~L. 5 Report No. P3-13 LAND AND WATER RESOURCES SECTOR STUDY Public Disclosure Authorized BANGLADESH (in nine volumes) VOLUME IV CROPS, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES CONTAINING: FORWARD Public Disclosure Authorized Technical Report No. 7 - Rice Technical Report No. 8 - Jute Technical Report No. 9 - Sugar Technical Report No. 10 - Tea Technical Report No. 11 - Fisheries Technical Report No. 12 - Livestock December 1. 1972 Public Disclosure Authorized Asia Projects Department inis report was prepared for officiai use only by the Bank Group. it may not oe pubiishea, quoted or cited without Bank Group authorization. The Bank Group does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the report. Note "!The Land and Water Resources Sector Study - Bangladesh" dated December 1, 1972 was prepared between May 1971 and the summer of 1972 under the general supervision of the Bank, by staff members of the Bank, and FAO, with substantial help from consultants. The UNDI' and the Bank shared the cost of the consulting services. The study is made available on the understand- ing that it does not necessarily represent the official position of the Government of Bangladesh or of the Bank. The study is based mostly on data collected prior to March 1971. Although some of the infonmation contained in the study is out of date, the essence of it is valid and it should be useful to the Government of Bangladesh and to other countries, agencies, and institutions interested in the development of Bangladesh. BANGLADESH - SECTOR STUDY VOLUME IV - CROPS, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES FOREWORD i. This Volume is made up of six technical reports dealing with rice, jute, sugar, tea, fisheries and livestock. These products to- gether account for the greak bulk of the farm income of Bangladesh. In particular, rice is of overwhelming importance as a subsistence cron and iute as an earner of export ineome. Though closely inter- related and interdependent at the farm level, these crops have been subiect to verv different technical and marketing influences. As far as can be foreseen, rice will set the pace of development in the agricultural seetor and determine the nutri-tional standards of the bulk of the population. Recent developments in the technology of rice nroduction. and in narticular the availability of high-vielding varieties, are therefore of crucial importance to the country. The extent to whi c thehehnefi ts of this new tet-hnnl nmv tcan he realized in the particular circumstances of Bangladesh is, in fact, a dominant theme running through the en+Are Sec+or Stdy ii= P?-nPropnosal Are made hernerin for a r_ce development strategy adapted to the existing structure of farm holdings, and recognizing instit…l+Anna…1imi+.…+Anns ThA …immediate ob…e…-+ivP is a rapid dis- semination of high-yielding varieties throughout favorably located ar'eas fol o=.reri hyr a ".ore -int.ensive deelopment+in~ "areas of cne ntr'1ation" - as institution-building proceeds. iii. No dramatic breakthrough has been achieved in production tech- nology for crops ^wn4+ho +hoIn oA4na T- short. and, e A , improve ments in production would have to be achieved by all-round improvements 4,n ,,nnn44 aaa YeVa 44 sloudAA 1,bepossi4b1- to -cneve S-.._4-4,,44 yielA .LS,pLOLLA4....OO 4. LA L O*4JLL' U JO )JJ44tAJO L tUS.OO CIO fLA&4 J..OLAA increases for the other important crops, through research. With this wnve,proposals ar ,ae Ifor thue reorganizatino hJueRsac Institute and expanded sugar research. A rationalization of sugar t - ^^nee;rarv 4'n^414+46an nl na a,.,,,. ono.A o,A a-,aA4 + _a_o P_ ha innovation, modernization and electrification of tea factories. These 4 acn+io-ns aren -nn+ln.naeende b a ca o t-ha dtrorav;.g p -siin-4-- otha industries concerned. iv. Livestock and fisheries might be conveniently considered to- gether as alter.- ,ative sources ofP pro"en.4 Of% 4-U- 4-wo, te fishe.-es 0 -A5)4. 9).5 -U.LV 0 O9JU4.UO W1.L F UVJ.ILe V1± 1)550 1)1V, 9)15 L..0110± L05 industry -- though very neglected to date -- undoubtedly has most potential 1 A5L'- 4.0 JVVLV015 A LJ.L5J.LW .LV4y LS V LJJIL.UFM LA. I!j.~Lr I) '.4.VV.LVJJ1Ik0ii1U OkLA111WO A100 LL ,1 inland fisheries sector are identified. The recommendations made con- 'livestoc-1 insemLinatiLLVonce...ig oL andIAJ pLtbL.LreLnfaltesfPocusL on research. a..dA th-e9)l %V0J9411taldeve'loprment L, of ar-tific- ia insemination and poultry breeding facilities. Re.strictAd INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION BANGLADESH LAND AND WATER RESOURCES SECTOR STUDY VOLUME IV CROPS, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 7 RICE Decem.ber 1, 1079 Asia Projects Department fl A Wr%T AflM1 T. L nr^ O riiTmv BDIUMG.LUIIJ.W - L)ETJ±IJLL JILUJJ±L WfTY TTT%' T`1T f1nf%I'fln TT`TrVK_4rVe% AIMT V70TYMP-OT vLUJurM _Lv - %Dn.UrXJ, L£s±VraJ±Uift Xvlch[1.Q tALIJJ F AJ MLlTrILTTlr ITIAt 71 l7V fn 1kTI TABLE OF CuNwT-±M Page No. SuITMII ANVJ CONCJLuSIONSS ..................... ..**.. 1 Io i-NlxODUCTION soooeoo*o*.ooooooooaoo**oooooooe***.oooooooo !I. RECENT PnruuTRN NCE AN.-D CU.KENT.. STAr ........... ..... 12....... II. GRO-Wlr PDTENTIAL oo...o..oo1oosoooS .................... 80 The High-Yielding Rice Varieties ....... .............. 8 Cropping Pattern Changes and Intensification Potential 10 Yield Increase ................. 11 Climate Limitations ..... ............ * 14 Cultivation Limitations 15 Farmers' Acceptance of New Technology ................ 16 IV, RICE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY ........... o000**....... 16 General Objectives .o.o. ............................0 16 Choice of "Areas of Concentration" ............-...... 17 The Package Approach . 19 TABLES 1. Summary of Acreage Production of Rice and Yield Per Acre 2. Paddy Yield Assumption 3. Suggested Fertilizer Doses for Various Paddy Yield Levels 4. Areas Suitable for Improving Rice Yields with Inputs Only 5. Rice Production 1969/70 and Estimated Production Resulting from the Minimum Package and Concentration Area Programs 1/ This report was prepared by G. Stern, G. de Brichambaut (FAO/IBRD) and Professor N. Efferson (Louisiana State University) BANGLADESH - SIECTOR STUDY VOLUME IV - CROPS, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 7 RICE Summary and Conclusions i. Cereals constitute the main portion of the national diet in Bangladesh and 93% of the cereal consumption is rice. A crucial test of agricultural policy in the years ahead will be to meet the staple food requirements of a population growing at over 3% a year. ii. The suggested strategy for increasing rice production calls fo2 the ranid distribution of new rice variety seeds throughout the country by a minimum package program, and an intensive follow up program concen- trated in areas with the greatest rice nroduction potential. Tmnroved seed bulking arrangements are a prerequisite to the strategy which also reauires the sunnort of expanding research. education and training. Rice production is projected to increase from 11.4 million tons in 1969/70 (the assumed 1973/7h level) to 18.5 million tons by 1983/8h. iii. TIn 1969/70 rice was planted on about 25.5 million acres. Since little more land is available for expansion of cultivation, increases in yields mnst be generated by more intensive cropping and improved farmin8 prac- tices. A program to intensify cropping may entail wide distribution of an inputs nackage to farmers incluiiin high-vieldin-g varieties (NYv) of rice seeds, fertilizer, and pesticides coupled with small-scale irrigation efforts where surfaGe water or gronund water is available. iva The first high yield i ng variety--L-R-8-- t;h1 nnly for Boro (the irrigated winter crop), was introduced in 1966. The variety was dramaticallv mcessqfNl and has spread over 700000 acrPs. Tts furtheAr spread has been limited by the expansion rate of irrigation. IR-20 first introdtced in 1970 for T. Aman (the rainfed summer crop), has already spread to 500,000 acres. Suitable varieties (IR-176 and IR-272) have beein scessf11 ested f the Aus or sprning crop And another variety (IR-J22) is undergoing tests for areas flooded up to 5 ft deep. These varieties would allew a sigPnificant prndietinn i-ncreas nn 18 millirn (ut nf 25 5 million acres of rice crop by use of seeds and inputs alone. Highest yield Improvem.ents per acre wrvlsti a11 be obtained froe%m HYV Boro. The suggested minimum package program would cover all areas of the country where there is rice improvement poten+tiala. The sugges+ted intensive program.., which wod include about 3 million acres irrigation expansion, would concentrate on 11 m4il;In aces _40r .,. -An d-i- 4th 10 yrar period from 1v07-vv - ii - v. Numerous other varieties are in the research nipeline. including several close to release for cultivation, which would give further im- provements in grain qualitv and vield through better pest and disease resistance and better ecological adaptability. Furthermore, new varieties may onen un areas for HYV now under low potential varieties because of drought, flooding or salinity. vi. The suggested program for intensive rice production visualizes implementatjion at thana level. Consideration should be viven to, including agricultural extension, training of farmers, distribution of inputs and implPments, strengthAning of eooperat.ives; Rtsrage facilities; and immnroved communication and transportation within each Thana program. The need for nadeqate +twraidmAnnewor And expansnin eof training andtinpiut.q qprv'e-erq might be the main implementation constraint. Consequently, adequate training programs may req ire s+rrng support at +he national level.
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