\01.. n. "'0 . .1. tA il 1992 Assemblies of God
Evangelist Smith Wigglesworth Ah, for the Good Old Days! Pentecost With Signs Oil Patch Prophets William Jethro Walthall Missions in Conflict and Violence .. ALL 1992 VOL. 12, ~O. 3
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SMITH WIGGU·"\i\ II 1~ ,
('V, & Mrs. J\\tIS ,'-;\1 . 11')
PAGE4 PAGE 19 PAGE 25
3 AH, ."OR TilE GOOD aLi> VA YS ARCH IVES STAFF- WAYNE E. WARNER. EDITOR AND ARCHIVES DIRECTOR; How docs your worship service compare with this scene JOYCE LEE, ASSISTANT ARCIlIVIST; from 1918? By Wayne Warner GLENN GO IIR , ARCHIVES ASSISTANT AND COpy ED ITOR; CINDY RIEMEN 4 THE MAKI NG OF SM ITH WIGGLESWORTH SCHNEIDER, SECRETARY. ARCHIVES ADVISORY BOARD-CHAIRMAN JOSEPH The first of a two-part feature on the legendary English R. FLOWER, J. CALVIN HOLSINGER. evangelist. By David W. Dorries GARY B. McGEE. EVERETT STENHOUSE. Assemblies 0/ God Heritage is published 9 DONALD GEE quarterly by the Assemblies of God Archives, 1445 Boonville Ave., Springfield, Missouri A new look at Donald Gee, "The Pentecostal Who Grew in 65802-1894. This magazine is free 10 members of Wisdom and Stature," By David Bundy the Assemblies of God Heritage Society. Yearly mem~f\hip5 are a\ailable for $10; lifetime 12 PENTECOST WITH SIGNS memberships are SIOO. Membeuhip fees are used to publish the magazine and support The Pneumatology of European Pentecostalism, as the Arehi\ es.
recorded in Confidence magazine. By Allen White Ass~mbllt'$ 0/ God H~ritagr is Indexed in Religion Ind~x Onl': P~riodicals. published by 16 OIL l'ATeH I'ROPH.t1S the American Theological Library Association, Preaching in the oil boomtowns of Texas, Oklahoma, 820 Church Street, Suite 300, E~anston, IL 60201. This index is part of 'he An.A Religion Louisiana, and Kansas. By Victor M. Smith Database, available on the Wilson Disc CD· ROM from H. W. Wilson Co. and online \ia Wilson 19 WILLIAM JETHRO WALTHALL Line, BRS Information Technologies, and An early Arkansas leader who brought the Holiness Baptist DIALOG Information Sl:r\"iCC1. Microrilm of fif'ritage is available from Churches into the A/ G. By Glenn Gohr Theologieal Research Exchange Network 25 MISSIONARIES IN SITUATIONS OF CONRICT AND VIOLENCE (TREN), 5420 N.E. Glisan, Portland, OR 97213. Persons .... ishing to donate historical matnials Concluding part of article on the dangers in taking the to the Archi\es-such as correspondence, photo gospel 10 other lands. By Gary B. McGee graphs. reoordings, mms, magazines. books. minutes, diaries, etc., are urged 10 ....'rile to the DEPARTMENTS abo"e address or call (417) 862-2781. Informa· tion about the Archi~es Bu ilding Fund is also 3 Heritage Letter available on request. 21 1943 Time Frame Copyright e: 1992 by the General Council of the 22 From Our Readers AsscmbliesofGod, 1445 Boon_ille A\·e .. Spring 27 Archives Activities field, Missouri 65802· 1894. ISSN 0896-4394 POSTMASTER: Sl:nd addrC$$ changes to Hf'ri/agl', 144S Boonville A'·e., Springfield, MO 65802-1894. H ERITAGE L ETTER
By Wayne Warner "ccretary Stanley Frodsham stood on this issue. Look at .-'---- the descriptive term he used in describing Kerr's message: "truly Pentecostal." A h, for the Good Old Da)'s! Let's leave Barnes and the Kerr sermon and jump to the response of this 1918 crowd when A. P. Collins preached on the Second Coming. US! to remind you of our roots, I I don't need to comment on the sermon topic, for the am sharing a meeting report from J Second Coming was a current subjcct, especially ~ince the 1918 General Council which was World War I wa:, still being fought in Europe. conducted in a theater about 3 But take another look at Frodsham's report of the blocks away from this Headquarters enthusiastic congregation and how they worshiped and complex. praised the Lord: "Again and again the preacher was Wait, don't turn the page just yet. stopped by the unbounded enthusiasm of his audience. I guarantee that the excerpt from the and again and again the whole company of saints arose, General Council Minutes below is and with holy hands upraised, worshipped and praised interesting and chaJlenging. You Wayne E. Wamer IS the Lord." might even decide to read a few lines Director 0/ the A IG How long has it been since you've been III a sen Ice like to a Sunday school class or usc them Archi~·es. that? Frodsham seemed to think he was in Jerusalem on in a sermon. the Day of Pentecost. Sundu) was a never-to-be-forgotlen da) . From the Now here's my point. ea rl) pru)cr sen ice to the final altar call at night , it " as a In sad contrast to the abo"'e, today we are often dll) spent in the presence of God, II da) of pra)cr, a da) encouraged to applaud the musician following a musical of praise, II da) of power, in shorl a veritable du) of number (which, ironicall y, was introduced as "ministry Pentecost. In the morning service Broth er E. A. Barn es untO the Lord"!). Or maybe a marc troubling fad, we told us o f his work in Nicaragua. He will shortl) be are encouraged to applaud when the speaker makes a returning to that land aga in . and expects to go on good point during a sermon. laboring there until Jesus comes, and never expects 10 If our pioneers could come back to some of our ser have another furlough. Mu n} " ere mehed to tears at the vices today, they might think they mistakenly wandered recital of the man} hardships and victories in that dark into a theater or a political rally. (And after they had lund of apostas} and idolatr}. Brother D. \\ . Kerr stood for 40 minutes to sing choruses, they would be fo ll owed with a trul) IJentecostal message on our ready to return to Hot Springs.) Distincti ve Testimon). Wouldn't it be refreshing to hear a congregation praise In the aft ernoon, Brother J . R. Buckle} spoke on the Lord following the choir's ministry of "All Hail the missionar) work in British East Africa and Sister Ada Power of Jesus' Name" or "How Great Thou An," Buckwalter told of her ca ll to China. Brother A. P. instead of clapping? And wouldn't you like to be in a Collins then preached on the Second Coming of Jesus. service where the congregation spontaneously praises Again and again the preacher was stopped b} the God for a particular truth that is brought to their unbounded enthusiasm of his audience, and again and attention, instead of clapping? (I can hear you saying again the whole company of saints arose, and with hoi) now, "That does happen in my church!" Great, then I'm hands upraised , worshipped and praised the Lord. writing about other churches across town.) 1918 Gt'nerlal (;ounci l l\t inult's. Plakt 8. The kind of praise I'm thinking about is nOt necessarily at an audible level which puts the decibel needle into the As I review this old report, I am tempted to read red area and jars the rafters loose. Some of the most between the lines and as k what is significant and what we edifying services you and I have attended have been times can emulate nearly 75 years later. when people quietly worshiped God and at the same time For example, missionary E. A. Barnes' obvious dedica allowed the Ho ly Spirit to minister 10 them. tion only ill ustrates the way countless missionaries looked And in times like these-or anytime during a worship at their calling and what they believed concerning the service-applauding a musician or a speaker seems as imminent coming of the Lord; on leaving loved ones for contradictory as giving a birthday gift to a guest rather a foreign fie ld, many would say, "We'll see you in than the guest of honor. heaven." Ah, for the good old days! They really meant it. No, not everything of the early days is for our times, And you might slide over the sentence that tells us that but we can 't deny that our spiritual ancestors established D. W . Kerr preached on "our Distinctive Testimony" practices that are worth emulating. And if we fail to unless yo u know about the initial evidence debate which commit them to the next generatio n, they will be the ended the day before. There's no doubt where general losers for our neglect. ~,.
A/G IIU~ I TA( . I . t Ail 1992 3 The Making Of Smith Wigglesworth Part 1 The Making of the Man
By David W. Dorries
Editor's Note lthough more than 45 years man's ministry represent a legacy of Mell1ion [he name Smith Wigglesworth A have come and gone since the supernatural that remains IOday, and you'll find a surprisingly greal Smith Wigglesworth has passed unparalleled in our century.! number of people who will recognize this from the scene, few within the Pente Telling the story of dramatic mir· legendary name-even 45 years after his death. When Wigglesworth died in 1947, costal /charismatic ranks today acles which characterized Wiggles· another English minister, Donald Gee, would fail to recognize his name and worth's ministry easily could IHOte that a "unique ministry, a gift know something of the exploits of dominate our account of his life. of Christ to His church, has been taken from the worldwide Pell1«ostat Move Without question, as his minis· ment. I-Ie died in the harness-nearly 88 Before being baptized in try achieved maturity, Smith )'ears of age."· Wigglesworth operated consistently Wigglesworth was born to a very poor the Spirit, he faltered as a family in 1859 and learned 10 read only preacher. He said, "One at a level of faith and power that is after becoming an adult. During his e "'AWlil1n, Ih~ RtSUfrCCI;on," ~M«OS'(JI EW'"~tl for more than 40 years. The astound· rather in this man's willingness LO (Apn[ S. 1947). l. ing miracles that accompanied this allow his limiting circumstances to 4 AlG m .N. ITAGt:, .' ALL 1992 Wigglesworth cringed when he saw lifeless and powerless believers: "Their lives are so parallel with the world's that it is difficult to discriminate which place they are in, whether in the flesh or in the Spirit." break him of all human confidence, pedestal where some enthusiasts This study will focus upon the so that all hope was abandoned have placed him, allowing us to human realities of Smith 's expe ~ outside of divine enablement. His see him as he was. As we allow rience, as we ll as the theology of sudden burst into the limelight of ourselves to comprehend the real the "divine order," out of which minist ry came after many years of human limitations, weaknesses, emerged a ministry of supernatural personal struggle and slow, painful struggles, and misfortunes that healing and deliverance touching the development that seemed to destine plagued this man of faith, a place lives of multitudes. him to a very limited, behind-the· of identification and relationship for scenes ministry. Even after his us becomes possible. rom his boyhood, Smith ministry gained international The personal theology behind F Wigglesworth exhibited a sensi· prominence, he faced numerous per Smith Wigglesworth is not a tivity for the things of God. Con· sonal obstacles that drove him to message of human strength, but verted to Christ al the age of eight, even deeper levels of dependence of human weakness, thereby making he immediately sought [0 lead others upon the Spirit's intervention. way for an altogether different and into a saving knowledge of Christ. The aim of this study is to bring supernatural "divine order" to While a teenager, he developed a Smith Wigglesworth down from the possess the life of the believer. love for the Scriptures despite the AlG HERITAGt:, fAU. 1992 S fact Ihat he could not read. In scenes nunistry, content to support determined quest for sanctification. hi s lale teens, at the time he his wife III her leadership position. He had no tolerance in his life for was becoming a ma~ter plumber by Meanwhile, Polly was devoting personal deficiencies that com profession, he wa~ drawn to the herself to mothering their five promised the character of Christ, Salvation Army organization. Their children. and Wigglesworth was be particularly his destructive temper, zeal for souls and all-night prayer coming more absorbed in a thriving and he sought the sanctifying power meetin g~ attracted him . plumbing business. In reality, the of the Holy Spirit to root out the While affiliated with the Salvation plumbing business was becoming sins thai he found himself powerless Army, Wigglesworth met Mary Jane too successful for him. Little by to remedy. "Polly" Featherstone. This bright, little, he began to miss worship No doubt this motivating factor intelligent, amactive young woman services because of his wo rk . Polly was behind Wigglesworth and his was converted to Christ during a found herself ministering alone wife's decision to be regular Salvation Army mccting he allended. week after week at the mission. At attenders of the annual Keswick They were drawn to one another this crucial time in Wigglesworth's Conventions. These meetings were from the beginning, although personal development, he found begun in 1875 in northern England Polly's rapid promotion within the himself becoming cold and hard for the purpose of promoting ranks of leadership in the Army ened towards the things of God. For "practical holiness." For a week geographically separated them fo r a 2-year period, he stayed away of meetings each summer, speakers a time. When Polly stepped down from minist ry and generally made rallied their audience around the call life difficult for Polly, who reo to personal holiness as a definite "[Wigglesworth) had mained steadfast in her Christian "second work of grace" subsequent grown cold and hardened involvement . 10 justification. These speakers to the things of God. Possibly the decisive factor often equated the experience of yet God did not give leading to Wigglesworth's turn sanctifi cation in the believer's life around from this deep val ley of with the baptism in the Holy Spirit. up on him." spi ritual dryness and depression was Having failed so miserably in the past, Wiggleswo rth was determined from her po~ition in the Army and Polly's attitude. She never ceased to pray and believe for his restora to move to a new level of personal returned to Bradford, England, in victory over sin. His quest cul 1882, the stage was set for them to tion. She refu sed to nag, and main tained a joyous spirit with a touch minated in July 1893 when, after be married. At the time of their IO days of concerted prayer, he marriage, Wigglesworth was 23 and of humor even in the most trying achieved a spi ritual breakthrough of Polly was 22 years of age. moments when her husband's hot temper led to verbal abuse. In Seeing a need for neighborhood Critics said he took mmlstry near their home, the coming years when God saw fit to Wigglesworths opened their own use Wigglesworth so remarkably in extreme views on street mission shortly afler their ministry around the world, he did divine healing; others marriage. Since Polly was the expe not fail to credit Polly's faithful said he was too rough rienced and talented preacher of the ness to hold together their marriage on the sick who came twO, she conducted meetings while and ministry when he had fallen into to him for prayer. Wigglesworth prayed and ministered spiritual defeat. one-to-one with respondents after He had grown cold and hardened personal sanctification. During this the sermon. On occasion, when to the things of God, yet God did life-changing experience, he actually Polly insisted that her husband try not give up on him. After his viewed his old nature dying as he preaching, he could manage only 2 restoration, Wigglesworth was pro presented himself on the altar of or 3 minutes in the pulpit before foundly humbled by these occur Christ as a living sacrifice. breaking down in tears and turning rences. He became aware that only In line with the Keswick the meeting over to another. the grace of God and a faithful wife emphasis, Wigglesworth saw no It is hardly conceivable that one preserved his life at a pivotal time reason to question at this lime that of the boldest preachers of our when all could have been lost. what he had experienced was no less century labored in ministry for 25 Wigglesworth's "backsliding" be than the baptism in the Holy Spirit. years without being able to preach came an ever-present reminder to Even after his understanding of a single sermon. Yet for nearly a him of his persistent fallibility and Spirit baptism was altered in 1907, quaner of a century of ministry, fraiity, teaching him that divine Wigglesworth never ceased to insist Wigglesworth was unable to over intervention and provision would upon the necessity of a definite come a serious deficiency in self ever be his only solution,J sanctification experience to pre confidence before a group. Polly Another development in Smith pare the human vessel for the Holy had no choice but to resign herself Wigglesworth's life that emerged Spirit's entrance. On a personal to the preaching role. Wigglesworth as a possible consequence of his level, his wife Polly evidenced a seemed destined to a behind-the- "wilderness" experience was his deeper humility and advancement 6 AlC H".RITACt:• •" ALL 1992 of character formation afler his sanct i fication experience.· Even before Wigglesworth's crisis experience of 1893. his and Polly\ local ministry had expanded 10 such an extent that they secured new premises for their services on Bowland SUCCt in Bradford. The Bowland Street Mission would later gain a reputation as a place where divine healings frequently occurred. However, such a ministry was yet unknown to the Wiggleworths as their work on Bowland Street began. Their introduction to the healing ministry represents another remarkable development of our Story. igglesworth journeyed weekly W to Leeds, England, 9 miles from Bradford. in order to obtain \ plumbing supplies for his business. :,mith w IUlu"·orth Ind his dlughttr Alifr Sllttr I' • Eo,"". ""'"'" Wh ile in Leeds he met a group of Christians who were conducting immediate healing during her first of personal success in praying for divine healing services. He took visit to a healing service.~ the sick. Wigglesworth no longer great interest in the doctrine Not only was Wigglesworth com· found it necessary to transport of divine healing and found bining his weekly business trips with people to another city for healing opportunities to visit the healing visits to the Leeds Healing Home, services. The Bowland Street services whenever possible. but he began to bring with him Mission became a haven for the Not being sure how Poll y would various sick people from Bradford people of Bradford to receive the respond to this novel practice. he that they might receive prayer for ministry of healing. In Olle of lhe initiall y kept from her the news of healing. This practice continued early healing services of the Mission, his involvement in divine healing. until the occasion arose when both 12 people were miraculously re· When she managed to discover what leaders of the healing services stored to health. As an ever·present was happening. she surprised him desired to be absent for a week testimony of their confidence in with her positive response. It was in order to attend the Keswick the healing power of Christ, the a furt her delight to him when she Convent ion. In a nticipation of Wigglesworths installed a large sign requested prayer and received their absence, Ihey decided to ask in the Mission facing the audience. Wigglesworth to stand in for them containing these words, "I am the and pray for the sick. Lord that healeth thee." J lmes I nd Alift \\Iglllts"·orth SIIUr. Tht} In >dtd wl lh \\iu lH worlh on somt of his In ltr. Reluctantly he agreed, and found nl llon.1 trips I nd Wtrt ml5lJiOnilrirs to Iht himself confronted by 15 people "The fa ith of Christ never Belglln Congo. who came forward for healing at wavers. When you have the first meeting. How surprised that fait h the thing [what he was when a crippled Scotsman you need) is finished." threw down his crutches and danced around the room in celebration of -Smith Wigglesworth his healing after Wigglesworth prayed with him.6 This would prove oon after embracing the heal· to be a pivotal event in Wiggles S ing dimension of the gospel. worth's life, for it signaled the Wigglesworth's newfound convic· adding of divine heali ng to his tions encountered severe testing. ministry, a dimension of the gospel He had been medica1ly treating a that would remain a vital part of his prolonged persona1 case of hemor· proclamation and practice for more rhoids when he came under the than a half century of Christian conviction that, while praying fo r service. others, he hi mself was in need of Now armed with the confidence healing. RefUSing his normal treat- AlG HEIUTAGl. t"A LL 1992 7 ment, he stood in agreement with a Mission in Los Angeles, California. visiting preacher and trusted God Beginning in 1906, a revival was in to undertake in his behalf. From progress at Azusa Street, initiating that moment on, his bodily function hundreds of believers in what was was restored to perfect normality. auested 10 be the baptism of the On another occasion, he began Holy Spirit. This experience was experiencing violent abdominal understood to be a supernatural pain, which was diagnosed as appen baptism of power likened unto the dicitis. His condition demanded day of Pentecost in the second surgery. Before an operation could chapter of the book of Acts, and be performed, a woman believing evidenced by the recipient speaking in divine healing prayed for him. forth in unknown tongues. Wigglesworth arose from bed, abso Although Barralt never attended lutely free from pain. He returned Azusa Street, he received the bap to work, never having to face the tism of the Spirit through contact surgeon's knife. 1 with representatives of the Mission. After this incident, he and Polly Freshly empowered from his experi decided to enter into a pledge ence, Barratt became the apostle of together, agreeing to the following the Pentecostal baptism throughout statement: "From henceforth no Europe. One of Ihe beneficiaries medicine, no doctors, no drugs was Alexander Boddy, whose visit of any kind shall come into our with Barratt in Oslo was rewarded house." Although they did not with a personal ex perience of Spirit impose this standard upon others, baptism. Boddy's church in Sunder they abided by this agreement land began 10 be vit ally trans throughout their lifetimes as a formed with the introduction of this demonstration of their personal Pentecostal out pouring. willingness to stand behind their Learning through A man with the spiritual hunger belief in God's healing power.' suffering and brokenness, of Sm ith Wigglesworth was nOt one Before departing from the section Wigglesworth became to ignore reports of Pentecostal describing Wigglesworth's intro happenings in England likened to duction 10 the healing ministry, it confident in God and those of the early church as recorded is worthy of notice that one of the worked supernatural in the book of Act s. When a man mO St hi gh ly recogni zed healing exploits. volunteered to pay for his traveling evangelists of all tim e was anything expenses to Sunderland, Wiggles but an overnight success in the ministry that he was yet to discover. worth was on his way to the All divine healing ministry. It is al Little did Wigglesworth know that a Saints' Church. He was not to be most incredible to learn that there unique Pentecostal revival on the deterred, even when reports reached was a time when Smith Wigglesworth American continent would produce him that the activities in Sunder transported sick and diseased people the connecti ng link to provide the land were demonic in naturc. He to a neighboring city in order for missing ingredient that would radi was motivated by a thirst for them to receive ministry from the cally reshape his life and future. spiritual power, particularly for an hands of other ministers. And when experience of speaking in unknown confronted with the first challenge ews reached Wigglesworth in tongues. to pray personally for the sick, he N Bradford in 1907 of a Pente Initially, Wigglesworth was not felt totally inadequate to address costal revival that included speaking impressed with All Saints' Church. the need. in tongues that had erupted in an He felt that more vital ministry Wigglesworth's development as Anglican church in Sunderland, a was going on back home on Bow an authoritative healing evangelist city on England's eastern shore. The land Street. Furthermore, as he was a gradual process. Despite his vicar of the All Saints' Church in pressed members of the church for lack of confidence, his hunger to Sunderland had journeyed lO Oslo, demonstrations of the tongues be used of God propelled him to Norway, early in 1907 to receive his phenomenon, they insisted that proceed step-by-step on the basis experience of speaking in lOngues al he was in need of the baptism in of what he knew. Yet his early the hands of a Methodist minister, the Spirit rather than tongues. successes in the healing ministry T. B. Barratt. Barratt had returned This infuriated him, for he was were moderate, and he continued to to Norway from the United States, convinced that he already was a falter at preaching. Although he where he had come under the influ possessor of Spirit baptism from his was not aware of it, there was a ence of the dramatic happenings 1893 experience of sanctificat ion. missing ingredient to his life and occurring al the Azusa Street Contlnutd on pllgt 32 8 AlG Ht:RITAGE, FALL 1992 Williams of the U.S.A.: G R. Palman and P. \'an der \\'oude of the Netherlands; and A A. Boddy, the Jeffrey~ brothers and Donald Gee of Great Britain.' These indi\'iduals conferred wilh each other and pro\ided leader!>hip for the thousands of con\ert~ through their persons and their \\ritings. The leader's leader \\as Donald Gee. During four decades from the 19205 through the 1950s, this peripatetic statesman traversed the globe, teaching and shaping the Gee argued that the Pentecostal movements should pia) a solid role on the world Christian stage. developing Pentecostal movements. He listened to and preached to Pentecostal people on five conti nents; he consulted with and guided the leaders. Perhaps no other individual during this period had equivalent global experience of Pentecostalism in its various forms.l It was this awareness which led to his rejection by the next generation of leaders. Gee argued that the Pentecostal movements should play a solid role on the wo rld Christian stage. The new leaders, in nuenced by the Americans, were a fr aid either to allow Gee to pursue the oppor tunities or to explore for themsclves.l But that is gelling ahead of the DONALD GEE story. No one would have guessed that the child born in London to a working class family on May 10, The Pentecostal 1891 , whose fat her died when he was 9 years old, and whose mother Mabel Gee struggled to provide for Leader Who Grew her son, would have attained world wide name recognition. He was con ven ed in 1905 under the preaching In Wisdom and Stature of Set h Joshua, a Welsh revivalist, at By David Bundy the Finsbury Park Congregatio nal Church. Due to his musical abilities, he eventually became a ssistant cst of the first and second gen· of the faith " bUl are litt le known . organist. Following his mo ther's M eration Pentecostal leaders. There are several of these: T . B. example, he was baptized by those who offered guidance to the Sarran of Norway; Lewi Pethrus of immersion in a Baptist church in movement between 1907 and the Sweden; Louis Dalliere of France; February 1907 . 19605, have receded into the Jonathan Paul and Christian Krust During 1912, the Gees encoun collective Pentecostal mythos. They of Germany; Leonhard Steiner o f tered personally for the first timc are remembered by name as " heroes Switzerland; J. R. Flower and E. S. the Pentecostal Movement. The onc AlG IIUITAGt., .'ALI. 19929 source was Louise Boes, a Baptist missionary who had experienced the Pentecostal "baptism with the Holy Spirit" at Mukti in India.· The other source was the Holiness preacher become Penlecostal, Ernest W. Moser, who held meetings on the Isle of Wight which Gee attended while on vacation.! In March 1913, he experienced his own baptism of the Holy Spirit: ...as I declared my faith it seemed as if God dropped down into my h~art from hea\l~n an absolute assurance that these promises w~r~ now being actually fulfilled in m~. I had no immediat~ manifestation, but w(!n t home 5upr~ m ~ l y happy, having received the Baptism of the Holy Spirit " by faith. "6 About 2 weeks later he experienced From Donald Gee glossolalia .? Less than 2 months "Before the Pentecostal churches can criticize others, later I 24 March 1913, Gee married another convert to Pent ecostalism they should confess their own often ineffectual struggles to from the Finsbury Park Church, achieve unity among themselves. " Ruth Winnifred Clackson.1 "This is not a 'Welsh' or an 'American' or an 'Eastern' A paltern of frenetic church revival. It is a WORLD-WIDE revival. " in volvemenl and working in the famil y business was interrupted by In later years he viewed a theological education as World War I. A pacifist like most valuable when the Spirit of truth sets it on fire: "Some British Penlccostals, Gee registered of us in our early folly set a premium upon ignorance. " as a conscienlious objector. He avoided im prisonm ent only by working on farms south of London Pethrus, and Leonhard Steiner, America via Fiji and HawaiL I2 The for the duration of the war. The among others.'1 series of sennons which had provided intense manual labor allowed little Less spectacular, but even more the backbone of his presentations free time, but Gee began to preach important for his development, Gee was published in the U .5.A.'J Dur in the nearby Holiness churches. became a self-made theologian and ing November and early December The inlense anger of the neighbors scholar at Bennington Toll. He read 1928, he visited Angelus Temple, at the "conchie" in their midst widely in theology, devouring the where he met Aimee Semple made life extremely difficult .' The works of Anglican and Methodist McPherson, and traveled to Spring post·War era began in poverty for authors as well as the initial Pente field, Missouri, before returning the Gee family when it proved costal efforts. He devoted significant home via New York in time to cele impossible to reestablish the family lime to serious Bible st udy and brate the New Year at Bonnington sign·making business in London. sermon preparation. He arrived in Toll. These experiences served as the Scotland with a keen but unformed The reports of his ministry "down ministerial training for Gee who was intelligence; he left Scotland with under" and in the U.S.A. prompted invited to Leith in Scotland. He an erudite disciplined mind, invitations from Lewi Pethrus to remained as pastor from 1920-1928 Sweden and return engagements in in the church made famous in his he telegram which arrived one the United States. Gee's publish book, Bonnington Toll. 10 In T morning in January 1928 invit ing record continued to grow with January 1921, Gee made his first ing Gee to Australia and New Zea his frequent contributions to contacts in t he larger Pentecostal land catapulted him onto the world Redemption Tidings. He also world at the International Peme stage. He departed in February and published The Fruit oj the Spirit'· costal Conference at Amsterdam. arrived in Melbourne, Australia, and The Ministry-Gifts oj Christ. U The first international meeting via Suez. He spent 2 months in Unable to fulfill roles as both pastor after the War, the occasion afforded Melbourne, before going on to and international evangelist/teacher, Gee the opportunity to meet Adelaide, the interior, and Sydney. he resigned from his only pastorate G. R. Polman, C. O. Voget, Two months were spent in New on February to, 1930. That year he Jonathan Paul, T. B. Barratt, Lewi Zealand before he headed to North visited Sweden and the U.S.A. 10 AlG IIERITAGI::, FALL 1992 again. In 1931,Gee ministered in 10 Living OUt the implications of and expensive. The growth of the countries, beginning a decade·long this observation required cominued movement stopped and public imer relationship with the Bible School in travels and a forum for communi ca· eSt, preoccupied as it was by the Danzig where he taught nearly every tion betwcen the divcrse branches of struggle for Europe. declined year until it was closed by the Nazi the larger Pentecostal tradition. significantly_ invasions.!6 The following year, Gee Unity conferences were organized at Donald Gee as vice-chairman of visited numerous countries, includ London for the competing British the Assemblies of God of Great ing France, where he lectured, at the Pentecostal Churches. Hc en· Britain and Ireland traveled in invitation of Louis Dalliere, to the visioned an international conference cessantly throughout tile United Theological Faculty at Montpellier which would carryon wherc the Kingdom. He sa\\ firsthand the on the development of Pentecostal· 1921 Amsterdam conference had de\'aslation and the despair. Earlier ism and on Pentecostal theology. n stopped. It was at his continued he learned of [he situation of Peme· By 193 3, the transformation importunities, and after Gee agreed costalism olilside Britain. Now, he was complete. Gee had changed that the first should be only became more aware than any other from London shopkeeper and farm European, that Lewi Pethrus issued of the situation in his homeland. worker to pastor and then achieved invitations 10 the 1939 European This led to a rethinking of the nature international stature as an evangelist and mission of the Pentecostal and teacher of the Christian faith movement. from a Pent ecostal perspective. He For a decade he had worried that had visi ted more countries than any thc Pemecostal mo\-ement was nOi other Pentecostal leader , and he had surficiemly grounded in its theology taught, lectured, or preached in all and spirituality to prosper.2(1 He of these to great acclaim. He was rcalized that in the post· War years a published author in at least five there would be no return to the pre languages. War conditions. The older methods This transformation was recog of evangelism based on grOllp in· nized by his colleagues who, in 1934, sularit y would not work. The nc\\ elected him vice·chairman of the generation of Pentecostals needed Assemblies of God of Great Britain and wanted a more stable homelife and Ireland and appointed him than the tradition of constant editor of Redemption Tidings. The meetings and demands of evangel latter gave him a platform from ism permitted. He realized also thai which to communicate bi·weekly to the post·War youth did not know his church. There was always at least the narratives of the origins of the an editorial from his prolific pen tradition which had energized it in until he wa s forced, because of Donllld Gee on onr of hIs f~qufnt IripS to the its mission. illness, to halt his involvement with U.S. spoke III Cenlnl BIble In stitute, Spring This awareness led him to write field. Missouri, durIng Ihe 1937-38 school }ellr. 2 the periodical in December 1936. Thr sludent Is Gnnl Wllckrr. The Pentecostal Movement ! and to During these early years of write of his concerns in the maga· peripatetic ministry, Gee developed Pentecostal Conference at Stock· zincs Pentecost and Study Hour, a a thesis about the global, yet holm. The Conference was chaired periodical fo r ministerial develop· diverse. nature of the Pentecostal by the venerable T. B. Barratt ment. The effort to re-envision movements. He noted that in of Norway. Gee servcd as one of Pentecostalism in Britain would lead Scandinavia, Poland, France, the three vice-chairpersons and to significant connict and to the Australia, Germany, South Africa addressed the Conference several rejection of his leadership within the 12 and the U.S.A. there were customs times.!9 This was a moment of calm British Assembli es of God. The of liturgy and ecclesial structure before World War II engulfed other leaders refused to acknow· as well as evangelistic technique Europe and broke apart the bonds ledge that the Assemblies of God different from those in Britain. of twO decades' making. was not growing and that the old However, the common commitments methods were not working.2J Gee were apparent. In 1935 he articu· orld War II was devastating was mo rc awarc and more honest. lated his thesis:!l for the fledging Pemecos[al Once again, he had examined the The absolutely world-wide character W churches of Britain. The rent cd halls situation and made informed adjust· of the Pentecostal revival, probably ments to meet the new realit y. something unique in history, is were often requisitioned for military a remarkable fact of which the or civil dcfense purposes. Other Significance cannot but impress the churches were bombed. The lengthy n Zurich, May 4·9, 1947, Gce open and thoughtful mind. This is not evangelistic campaigns which often partici pated in the realization of a a "Welsh" or an "American" or an I "Eastern" reviv al. It is a WORLD lasted weeks were impossible to long·time dream, the first World WIDE revival. cominue. Travel became difficult Cont inued on pllge 28 AlG Ut;RITACa: • •- ALL 1992 t t Pentecost With Signs The Pneumatology of European Pentecostalism AS RECORDED IN CONFIDENCE MAGAZINE By Allen White ne of the early Pentecostal Confidence became the official Confidence was operated on O publications to gain worldwide organ of The Pentecostal Assem faith. The issues between 1908 and exposure was published in Sunder· blies of the British Isles, beginning 191 1 listed the subscription price land, England, by Alexander A. in 1946.l as "Free." Beginning in the first Boddy. vicar of All Saints' Church, While the publication originated year, however, the first page of each Monkwearmouth. Following his in Great Britain, cont ributors issue listed the contributions and bapt ism in the Holy Spirit, Boddy included those of various national expenses of the paper. Beginning in founded Confidence to report the ities . Notable writers such as October 19 11 , the editor began a work of the Holy Spirit and to offer Thomas B. Barratt (Nor way), "subscription-gift" policy of three teaching to Pentecostal believers. Jonathan Paul (Germany), Smit h pence. In June 191 2, the price was Much li ke its American count er raised to one penny, which remained pans, Word and Witness and the During its first 2 years as the price throughout the next 14 Christian Evangel, Confidence Confidence published many years. T o keep expenses down pub provided a means of unit ing a lication changed from monthl y to loosely scattered group of Pente articles on the baptism in the bi monthl y in 1917. T he periodical costals. " They wi Jl fi nd from these Spirit and manifestations. was published on a quarterly basis columns that they are not alone, as beginning in 19 19, and then became regards even human fe llowship , bUI Wigglesworth (G reat Brit ain) con an annual in its last 2 years of that there are many who have perfect tribu ted to t he p ublication as publicat ion ( 1925-26). 'Confi dence' that this work is of well as American leaders: W. F. God, and who will be rejoiced to Carot hers, Carrie Judd Montgomery, he early years of the periodical know that His Pentecostal Blessing D. Wesley Myland, J . H . King, and T focused on the themes of the is spreading a ll the time. "1 E. N. Bell. The "Pentecostal News, fo urfold gospel. The fi rst 2 years are Begun in 1908, Confidence was etc." section contained testimonies replete with articles concerning published in conjunction with the from many parts of the world in the baptism in the Ho ly Spiri t and Pentecostal Missionary Union the cluding South Africa, India, Hong manifestations. The issues between next year and continued publication Kong, Australia, China, and many 1910 and 1915 offer a balance of until 1926.1 After a lapse of 20 years, other countries. articles centering on the Christian 12 AlG II ERITAGt.. }"AI.L 1\192 CONFERENCE AT BERLIN. Page 238. OCTOBER. 1910. VOL I II NO. 10. "CONfIDENCE" B \r.!Clltccosta[ \r.!apcr for <];reat :f5ritaill. IIThis is the CO:'!FIDENCE that we have in fjim, that if we ask anything Anlliun \ lur Alfondtr A. 8odd) according to fjis will, f)e heareth us: Rnd .nd Ihe ""gulne he foundf'd In 1908. if we know that f)e hear we ask, we know that we tions that we desired from "The Lord shall be thy ( Clnd 51wl1 keep thy foot fr01 MONKWEARMOUTH, ~ ENGLANC SUPPORTED BY YOLUNTAI Names aod Addresses and Gifl!J (see next page) t All $aintl' Vicarage, S, AlG HERITAGE. FALL 1992 13 life and personal holiness. While the to teach us, and to enable us to help follow three steps: repentance work of the Spirit is not ignored. others.'" In addition to being power toward God; faith in the Lord Jesus it does not receive the same for personal holiness and growth. Christ; and yielding to the Holy prominence it did in the first 2 years. the Baptism was the impetus to GhOSt. 11 If the believer did not Confidence during 1915 - 16 proclaim the Gospel. receive the Baptism, it was thought primarily reported the events of We further believe the Lord 's that either the Lord wanted to teach World War I and ran articles on object in carrying out this purpose them an important lesson or that a eschatology. From all indications with the Body or Christ to include hindrance must be removed first. these were the Last Days. Also and demand the presentation of Such hindrance might be dictating durlng this period, the editor started the full Gospel of the Lord Jesus to God, comparing oneself to publishing the interpretations of Christ in the power of the Holy another'S experience, confusion of messages in tongues. In the latter Ghost, accompanied by signs as teaching. rambling prayers, talk years, the paper gave personal in the days of the Apostles, to ativeness, self-condemnation, and accounts, travel reports, news, and the whole world in the shortest wrong motivcs. !l For those believers missions stories. possible time.! who earnestly sought after God, the Overall, Confidence is scholarly To retain the biblical soundness Baptism was readily available. and well -balanced in its presentation. of this experience, these leaders Tongues is regarded as an evi This can be attributed to the many dence of the baptism in the Holy Pentecostal leaders who were Rather than view the Spirit. According to "A London theologians and educated pastors baptism in the Spirit as a Declaration" made in November prior to their Pentecostal expe pinnacle of one's Christian 1909, "the promise of the Father rience. The paper itself is very (Acts 1:4) was, and is, evidenced by attractive in design and fo rmat. experience, Confidence the Speaking in 'Tongues' as the Photographs were included even as focused on it as a growth Spirit gives to utter (see Acts 2:4; early as 191 1. process. also Acts 10:46; and 24:6). "1l Many of the contributors to Con Tongues is believed to correspond fidence formed the Consultative attempted to follow the paradigm with the Baptism , since the other International Pentecostal Council in of the early church as closely as manifestations in Acts were not 1912. During that year they issued possible. always repeated in every situation.l~ the following Statement: To receive the baptism in the Holy A. A. Boddy admonishes his We believe that the baptism of the Spirit, one must be saved , bUl not readers in the first issue of the Holy Ghost and Fire is the com necessarily sanctified. "A chief periodical to "let us each for ing upon and within of the Holy reason why so many Christians do ourselves keep as near as possible Spirit to indwell the believer in His not unde-rstand the work of the to what we see in the Scriptures fulness, and is always borne wit Spirit of Pentecost, is that they when seeking the Baptism of the ness to by the fruit of the Spirit believe this Spirit can not come on a Holy Ghost , and then let us make and the outward manifestation, so person who is not fully sanctified."9 all a ll owance for others who that we may receive the same gift The young believer who received the seem 10 act somewhat differently in as the disciples on the Day of Baptism received a much needed detail. "IS Boddy later states that Pentecost. Matt. 3: II ; Acts 1:5, 8; guide and teacher in the person of " there are and have been some who 2:1-4,38,39; I Cor. 1 2:7- 1 3.~ the Holy Spirit. perhaps have never spoken in To these Pelllecostal leaders, the The reception of the Holy Spi rit. Tongues, of whom the Writer can baptism in the Holy Spirit was much however. did not indicate an not say that they have not been more than a momentary experience, immediate spiritual status. "They Baptized into the one Body. . . bUl a force which would influence are quite mistaken if they think that These must be left to the all-wise, their en tire life and minist ry. There by the Baptism of the Holy Ghost all-loving Lord. "16 It was also is much emphasis throughout the and the Gift of Tongues they get at possible that a believer could receive periodical of a continuance of the once qualified to rule or guide and the baptism in the Holy Spirit. yet Spirit's work and of lasting results. teach others. "10 The place of the tongues would be delayed.!' The baptism in the Holy Spirit teaching was for mature believers, The evidence of the Baptism, is regarded as a separat e work not for babes in Christ. The sig according to these writers. extended frolll regeneration.' The Baptism is nificance of this view is that the beyond an initial experience. The an indwelling of the Spirit-a baptism in the Holy Spirit is not evidence is not thought of in terms "possession of our bodies" and a regarded as the pinnacle of one's of a single, momentary sign, but as a "seal unto the day of Redemption, Christian experience, rather it is a plurality of results which will flow when our bodies shall be glorified. "6 means by which the Spirit continues from the life of a Spirit-filled This reception of power is fo r the to bring about growth in the life of believer. "The 'Baptism' is to be believer, the church, and the world. the believer. filled with God, and 'Tongues' will "The Holy Spirit had come in power To receive the Baptism, one must follow; but to speak in Tongues only 14 AlG HERITAGE. FALL 1992 is nOI a sufricienl sign of the manifestations were regarded as stirred to a state of expression Baptism. "I~ signs of the demonstration of the beyond the immediate grasp of the While tongues are not discarded Spirit's power. mind. Only a "supernatural Spirit· as the physical evidence, they \\ere Boddy describes the experience of given utterance to men clOlhed with believed to be overestimated regard speaking in tongues as "an almost power and authority from on high" ing their "ignificance, character, im'olumary outpouring of divine is regarded as a true e\idcnce.Z'I and use. worship in a Tongue or language The accusation.., of church leader'> The manirestation or tongue~ is (often unknown to the \\or,>hipper) did not seem to hinder the.. c Peme the sure Bible e\idence of ha\ing caused by the Holy Spirit as He costals. While tongue!> were belie\txt received the Holy Ghost. and takes full posse,>sion of the Body " u by some to ha\'e been cau..,ed b} without this evidence no one can The Ale tu:KITA(.E • • "'1.1. 1992 15 Oil Patch Prophets A Pentecostal Witness In the Oil Boomtowns By Victor M. Smith population In this geographical region. For example, Borger, Texas, sprang up from a cattle ranch to be a he fir st 35 years of Pentecostal community of 20,000 people in less T witness following the outpour than a year. In the four-state area ing of the Holy Spi rit at Topeka, many communities went through a Kansas, in the year 1900, paralleled similar cycle, a period of unequaled development God used these conditions to and expansion in the oil patches further His purpose just as He used of Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and An tarl) " luJher" at Hurkburnttl. Tuu. the persecution and scattering of Louisiana.· The resulting prosper the early saints at Jerusalem. The ity and economic upheaval set in "~0101 011 11111 Pliit ( 01011") 01 Iht groups which were in 19 14 to lulU JOlin Collfflloll. Wk~n. hUI motion many shifts In human /01,, __ • AI1 (.I1IIU become known as Assemblies of God experienced remarkable growth during this period. Early-day Pentecostals were quick to see the opportunity and respon sibility brought about by this changing scene. To quote one eye witness: I had been in Burkburnett. Texas, less than an hour when I heard someone singing and saw a large group of people crowded around the tallest man I had ever seen. He was picking a guitar and si nging gospel songs. Then he preached right there on the street! That tall preacher was the late A. C. Bat es who was to become the super intendent of the Texico Dist rict, AI G (now reorganized). God called so me consecrated women also. Al though she is but one of a very A " ithili falls, f en s, drillln& tO Dlll an} ~ Ieb nll i n , a ",,,sher" i l nearb) 8urkburnett . signifi cant num ber, Mrs. L. C. An e}e.. ilnesi uld he .. as In llurkburneU, Tn:as (btlo" ). less Ihan :li n hour ..· ht n ht heard . Sireel Cornelius (grandmorher of R. C. "'" lju l: on pr0i:rn... UII.hnl: Ihe l:'Oup .. a$ A. C. IbltS .. h {J llilc't btC\I me Suptrinlt ndenl of the old " Keetah" Jones) pioneered the Tui(o Oistritl of the AsstDl blitS of G.>d. Assemblies at Electra and Borger, I Texas. My first contact with the Pente costal message was in Skia-Tex schoolhouse, near Borger, Texas, in 1927. A band of saints came from Borger and sang, testified, and preached with fervor. Th e memory of that day has been a source of · Oil palth was a SOuthwe$ltrn colloquialism for oil field. inspiration for many years. The oi l field "boomtOwns" wcre rowdy, sinful, and a blight until they achieved stability. T his desired stabili ty was brought about through the labor o f level-headed Christian people who establ ished churches and schools. In these necdy areas the Penl ecostals were accorded an acceptance that was often non existcnl in the older, more setlled II . II . \\ n.), fJr rii!,hI , bllplldnll nf''' ('on>trts II Hr~ ktnridi!, t, T t \II ~, 1920. communities. " After having accepted Christ, many workers were transplanted 10 Pentecostals faced rowdy and sinful oil field workers, but their ministry was effec tive in winning converts. subsequent boo mlOwns, whether by transfer by their employers or on their own in itiative. Having been grounded in the Word and anointed by the Holy Spirit, twO or thrce families were sufficient to begin Author Viclor Smllh ... llh his .. Iff' MUlhlt. mlnlsltrlnll 1 Ut Clndl. Cornt llus. hut .. lIh htr ~I 8rown Communil), Ttus In 1936. hu sbllnd In 1922 . plonf' trt d 1"M' mbllu 111 cottage prayer meetings, then a H«ln lind 80rjln. Tru s, Sunday school, and finally regular services in whatever facilities were StIif"f'1'5 In I 1921 I1l1lhf'nnll .1 U « tn. Tt u s. '>tfond mi n available. After a few months or from Idl I, \\IWlm 8 . Mrl.:lrrtrl). Illtr li n In"lru('lor III years, other families would repeat Soulh"f':'Iiltrn A (, CoUt'(lf'. the process by moving to still newer boomtowns. Many o il fi eld employers soo n Chdt Htnson rt'Cthtd. learned that some of their best nil to prtlll'h In Iht 011 employees were also the mainstays fif'ld IIro of north Tuu. of the local Assembly of God. Oil fie ld workers had to be endowed with a willing spirit and a desire to do a task with alacrity. This charac teristic also marked their service to God. The late Clyde Henson received his call to preach the Gospel in such an environment at Burkburnett and Holiday, Texas. He later evangelized and pastored what is now Capital Christian Center in Sacramento, California. and his love for the Word caused th ey labored as crew members on a Boomtown revivals led to many him (0 enter into a period of self rOtary drilling n g. Not being lives being changed through accept (eaching, inspired by the Holy success ful at getting a response, the ing Christ. Many drunkards and Spirit. He learned to read and fellow challenged him to a fight . " bootleggers" came to the Lord and studied the Word until he was a very Before his conversion, Sid would new life. effective witness. have gladly accommodated him, but Under the ministry of C. L. In a congregation pastored by (he instead he said, "Friend, you don't Stewart, in Olney, Texas, an illiter late R. C. "Keetah" Jones at Archer need a fight, you need someone ate man was saved. He had left City, Texas, a young oil field worker to pray for you!" Whereupon he school at a very early age before named Sid was saved. This led 10 dropped to his knees on the derrick learning to read. His newfound fa ith harassment by a fellow worker as Contlnutd on nUl pllgt AI( ; IIUUTA(,t., t'AII 1992 17 floor and prayed for his adversary. That was Quite a shock to the A Pe,rzte'e&~"ital Witness would-be aggressor. He later told his • friends, "That guy Sid actually prayed for me righ t there!" In t~e Oil Many laymen were later called to preach and became pastors and r\ evangelists. Scores of the old boomtowns are but a shadow of their previous form. Others are but a name on a map. Still others exist only in the memories of former inhabitants. Such is the transient nature of the work of man. But the work of God which was accomplished in those places continues to bless. For example, the Assembly of God at Electra, Texas, was once one of the largest in the state of Texas. Now, only a handful of saints remain. But from this church ministers and missionaries have carried the gospel to souls around the globe. This example could be matched many times in other localities, thanks to the labors of hundreds of laymen and ministers whose identities are beyond recall. This is an important part of our heritage, but these oil-spattered saints could have done nothing with out the anointing of the Holy Spirit An unu5ul "brush" .rbor which W. M. rinDS and the author used I. Brown Community, north of Big Spring. T"us,ln 1936. With hardly IIny 11'fl:511 nd brush around :hJt parl or Tun, they subnltuted and a solid foundation in the Word 4-lnch 0 11 field boiler nues for th e upright posts, pump rods (sud e" r rodS) for the gi rders, lind JUlt which of God. A superficial experience WIU ustd to CO~tr coilon bait! for the roof. would not last in the sinful atmos phere of the boomtown. Thank God for the cominuing ministry of those "Oil Patch" prophets! -t- Two TUIllI 0 11 patch pastors IRd their familits. On the Itrt Is 11: . C. " Keetah" J ones, who pastured III Archtr City; on the right is C.rt L. Stew.rI, who btgln hi s ministry a.Dlney In 1928. (As Heritage ... as SOURCE: "OIL! Titan Of The Southwest;" ,olnl to pr61, "'o,d ..'tIS rtct/l'rd 0/ the passing of Carl L. Stt ..'Qrl on Sepumtnr II, 1992. The/uneral by Carl Coke Ri ster; Norman, University of " 'W' conducted on Stpttmbtr U al Chris/Ion Templt , Fort Worth. OfftdClling ""ere J. Don Gtorge. Oklahoma Press, 1949. Georl' Brottl/. and Jgmt's K. Srld,u.) f VIClor M. Smith 15 an ordained AssembUes of God minIster with tht Ntw Mulco District .•- Irst crt dentlaled In 11132, he wu In s«uhu work for 24 }urs, 17 In tht ae rospace industry, Hr T1' lurned to Iht ministry in 11113 and has pastored and minlSltrtil as an associatf. 18 AlG HERITAGE, t'ALL 1992 William Jethro Walthall 1 and the LI ______Holiness Baptist Churches ______.-11 of 1,-__ Southwestern Arkansas widowed grand mOl her . However he While a young Christian, Walthall By Glenn Gohr had no Christian upbringing, so it had a yearning for more of the was nOl until 1877 that he was workings of God in his life. He lthough the modem Pentecostal confronted with the claims of the earnestly began to seek for a fullness A movement relates its beginnings Gospel. That happened when he of power to witness and beller serve to Charles Parham, who formulated attended an old-time Methodist the Lord. This spiritual hunger led classical Pentecostal theology at his meeting and conviction gripped his him to carefully st udy the Book of Bible school in Topeka at the turn heart, resulting in his conversion at Acts and mher scriptures. There he of the century, throughout history, age 19.1 Two years later, on August found recorded an enduement with from apostolic times to the present, 3, 1879, he was married to his first power of the Holy Ghost which had there have been certain religious wife, Melissa P. "Missy" Beavers, accompanied the Early Church. Hc groups and isolated cases of who bore him two children, Millard wanted this same experience in his individuals who have experienced and Ibber Mae. After Melissa life. tongues-speaking and spiritual gifts. passed away, he married Hattie During a season of fe rvent prayer, William Jethro Walthall, who Vaughn on March 24, 1915.4 he received a mighty infilling of the founded the Holiness Baptist Spirit on September 3, 1879.l Since Churches of Southwestern Arkansas, He was baptized in he had never heard of the baptism of a group which later merged with the the Spirit in 1879, the Holy Spirit, he did not receive his Baptism through any prescribed Assemblies of God, is an important 22 years before the figure who received his baptism in theory or method. the Spirit prior to Parham's outpouring at Topeka. Until that time all he knew about launching of Pentecostalism in 1901. the Holy Spirit came from the tcach Walthall's Spirit baptism, which ings of the Met hodists and Baptists. occurred 113 years ago, is one of {he But this was something new. His earliest documented cases of speak experience came about in answer to ing in tongues in North America. prayer and through his own study of Earlier instances of tongues the Word of God. From the outset speaking have been reported among he understood that hi s experience the Shakers, the Holiness Move corresponded with the records given ment, the "Gift People" or "Gift in the Book of Acts. Adventists" in New England, and In his testimony, Walthall des others.1 It is very possible that cribes his infilling by saying, "I was WalthaJl is the earliest person to carried out of myself for the time have received the baptism in the being."~ From the time of his Bap Holy Spirit and who later joined the tism, he testified that he often fe ll Assemblies of God. the st rong anointing power of God. William Jethro Walthall was born At times he would fall under the in Nevada County, Arkansas, March power of God when the Spirit came March 9, 1858, the son of Charles upon him. He also spoke in tongues Featherston Walthall and Mary as the Spirit directed. For twO years, during which time the Jemima Meador. 2 His father died in Holy Ghost would oflen fall on me, I 1863 at Rock Island, Ill inois, as a walked with God. Sometimes while in prisoner in the Civil War, and his service and sometimes when alone in mother died 2 years later. Orphaned prayer [ would fall prostrate under at age 7, he was reared by his His mighty power. While under this AlG HEIUTAGE, FALL 1992 19 power my longue seemed 10 ~ lied in the cemer and loosed al bolh ends. 1 knew nOlhing of Ihe Bible teaching on Ihe Baplism or speaking with IOngues, and Ihoughl nothing of what had happened in mye.llperiencc. 1 althall was ordained by the W Missionary Baptist Church on May 29, 1887, and served several congregations in Southwest Arkan sas.- He was active in various associational committees including foreign missions and temperance. In 1891 he was pastor of Piney Grove Church at Boughton, Arkansas, which was a part of the Red River Baptist Association of the Southern W. J . W.!IIlIlIllnd his " 'lfr (crn"r) IUrndrd th l!! Aimn ~mplr Md>hrf5() n trnt meelln" In " uson, Arkansu •• bout 1920. L K . FIlZgrrald, lin Arklns.s IJIstriet suprrlntrndtnt is on \hlthIU's righl. with Mlln on Id. ( .. ith bow tit) is 1'.. I.. Tlnntr: Mrs. Tuner iJ stl ndlng wlth their daughlrr 1\hr) (now "I was looked upon Cockmln). Courtts} 01 Cecit JU"I). (Ruden; .. ho Uti Ide tlt if) 0lhu5 should " 'rite '0 tht' A/G suspicion, as being Archhts.) mentnlly unbalnnced, but was so animated by Spirit filled me. I always relt (hat Baptist mlmster, J. C. Kelly. and there was a lost chord in the Gos~1 olher Baptists who betame disfellow the divine presence that ministry. My own ministry never shipped because of their beliefs in measured up to my ideal, nor did the it seemed at times as if teaching of my church (Baptist) entire sanctification and the work of terrestrial bearing was measure up to my experience. 11 the Holy Spirit. nln,ost lost." Then in 1895 Walthall came into An account of W, Jethro W.]. Walthnll contact with the Holiness revival. Its Walthall's association with the emphasis on the work of the Hol y Assemblies of God will be Baptist Convention . In fact. the Spirit impressed him. Its teachings published in the winter issue. annual associational meeting was approximated his ideal more nearly held that year at WahhaJl's church .' than anything else, but he never Notes The next year he was pastoring fully ascribed to the Holiness I. Stanlry H . Frodsham, With Slgns Follow. two churches at Bluff City and theology. He could not accepl its illg: Th~ Story of the Latter-Day Pell/erostal R~vlval (Springfield. MO: Gospel Publishrng PrescotL 'O From 1894- 1895 he was theory of sanct ification; nor could House, (926). pp. 333-334; Stanley Howard pastoring at Stephens. The last he accept it s abridgement of the Frodsham. With Siglls Foilowlflg: The S/ory supernatural. Even so , the Holiness oj the Pelltecwtal Revival ill the Twelltieth Baptist church he pastored was 3t Cemury. Rev. ed. (Springfield, MO: Gospel Bu ena Vista. revival opened him up to a larger Publishing House, 1946), pp. 9-12. Because of the prevalent view of sphere of minislry. This in lurn gave 2. Blallchc Walthall, inlerviewed by Andy him the encouragement he needed to Harris. May 27, 1980. the Holy Spirit held by Baptists. 3. W. JC1hro Walthall, "Baptized in the Spirit Methodists. and other mainline preach the full gospel message as he Fifty Years Ago." Pen/eros/al Evangel, May 9, churches. Walthall had some reser understood it from the Scriptures. 1931. p. 6. As he began to preach a full 4. "A Failhfu1 Minisltr of Christ," Pellte· vations about his experience. as he costal Evongd, July 18, 193i, pp. 3, S. shares in his testimony: gospel message, the Baptist leaders S. W. Jethro Wahhall'$ testimony of his The ordinary Methodist and Baptist excluded him from his church and Pentecostal txperiences first appeared in The teaching was all that t knew, and, of he was ostracized from the Baptist Wnkly Evallgd, April I , 1916, pp. 8. 9. This course, Ihal served to diminish my testimony. slightly allered. was reprinted in B. F. ministry in 1896. He continued Lawrencc's book, The Apostolic Faith Res/ond. e.llperience and to paralyze my faith preaching on his own. 6. Lawrence, "The Experience of W. Jethro ralher than build me up. In the mean After my new vision of the Word of Walthall." The Apostolic Faith Restored lime, 1 began preaching a work to truth, and my expulsion from the (SI. Louis, MO: The Gospel Publishing House:, which I was calJed when the blessed Baptist fellowship and ministry, I 1916), p. 48. went alone with a new zeal in an 7. Wlhhill. "Baptized in Ihe Spiri! Fifty Yran Ago," p. 6. inde~ndent . plodding ministry, with 8. Wi lliam Jethro Walthall, ministerial file, church and school houses closed Gtnrral Secretary's Office. against me. I was looked upon 9. Forty-Third Allllual Sessioll of /h~ Rtd with suspicion, as ~ing mentally Riv~r Bop/ist Associolion, 1891. unbalanced, but was so animated by 10. TtWllly-Firsr Anllual Sessioll oj tht Ullioll the divine presence that it seemed at Bop/ist ASS<)Ciotioll, 1892. times as if terrest rial bearing was I J. Lawrrnce, p. 48. Gltll" uahr IS a staff almost lost. 12 12. W. Jethro Walthall. "A Ministry of the mtmbu of rht NG Miraculous." Pellteros/al EvonB~/, June 13. Arrhnn, He was soon followed by another 1931, p. 8. -f.. 20 AlG Ht:IUTAGE, FALL 1992 For the past few issues of Heritage, Time Frame has focused on e\"enlS during America's invohement in World War II, 1941-45. If lOU are one or our older readers, I hope these ne",s items bring back memories; if lOU "'ere not here 50 )ears ago, I hope this column will create interest concerning an important part of our histol1. -Wayne Warner, Editor 1943 God Judging the World, Says J. Narver Gortner Thtw miJ5ionuirs .nd UffUtl't ofnctf5 mtl In ~prlnlfitld 10 pl.n po!! ...., missions J. Narver Gortner tried to answer Howud O$lood •• \fltr.n mlsslon.r) 10 Chin', lold Iht Iroup thll 200 mlssion.firs "Ut nttdtd for one of the most perplexing Questions Chin. IJ soon IJ Iht ..- .r tndJ. (SH bt'lo ..· .) of our time in his article, "Why Does Not God Intervene and SlOP Foreign Missions Planning missionary enterprise .... [there is) This War?" Post-War Expansion a looking forward to the time when Because of the evil in the world, we shall be able to enter missionary Gortner argued, "God is chastising Speeches and challenges at a fields with renewed vigor and Springfield, Missouri, meeting of determination." -Pentecostal some 58 missionaries representing Evangel, April 10, 1943 18 countries underscores the serious ness with which the Assemblies of A/G Involved in God is viewing expansion on foreign fields as soon as the war is over and Organizing NAE doors are open. More than 100 members of the Veteran missionary to China, Assemblies of God attended the Howard Osgood, lold the mission Constitutional Convention of Evan aries. other leaders, and Central gelicals [National Association of Bible Institute students, "We shall Evangelicals], held in Chicago need 200 missionaries for China during May. alone ... J. Roswell Flower, general secre Central and South America are tary, noted that participants at the calling for 80 new workers now, convention gloriously demonstrated the nations of the earth .... War is since those doors are still open. "that all born-again followers of the divine judgment. It does not always When it was suggested that the Lord Jesus Christ have a basic unity lead to the fall of a nation, but it is Assemblies of God raise a million in spirit." always a divine chastisement." dollars fo r the post-war expansion "There was no clash of spirits," Gortner sees no end to the current effort. General Superintendent Flower reported. "When full agree hostilities bur believes that the Ernest S. Williams recommended ment on any matter was not reached Pentecostal people hold the key to that the goal be set at $5 million. He Quickly. there was eagerness to the world's ills. "There are enough reasoned that IO,(X)() readers of the modify. change or postpone until a Spirit-filled preachers, and people, Pentecostal Evangel could establish later time, decisions which will in the world at the present time, to a reserve by giving an extra dollar a affect the future course of the defeat through prayer the powers of week for missions. association. " darkness, and to arouse the masses Home Missions Director Fred Flower urged all true followers of and summon them to repelllance." Vogler said the conference "has Christ to support the association. -Pentecostal Evangel, February 6, brought new hope for the future, -Pentecostal Evangel, June 19. 1943 with a real objective for future 1943 AlG HERITA(,t... ' AII 1\19221 FROM O UR READERS Recalling World War II Era Saturday nights, and on Sunday. disruption of the city bus system, The spring issue of Heritage and We did not want to miss a single returned home and went to a church the features on World War II service for fear that we would miss service where Brother Batson led us remind me of pastors and churches some great thing the Lord was in a time of thanksgiving and praise which inOuenccd me during that doing. to the Lord for the ending of the period. During my 2-year tour of duty in war. I was saved on April 19, 1941,ina the U. S. Army Air Corps during I was discharged in December Mobil scrvice station in Ottumwa, World War II, it was my privilege to 1945 and returned to Ottumwa to Iowa, and started attending an attend three Assemblies of God again become a part of Brother independel1l Pel1lccostal church churches near bases where I was McClure's congregation. (now First Pentecostal Assembly of stationed. While taking basic train Bill Wind God). A few mOl1lhs later I was ing and later while attending Phoenix, Arizona filled with the Holy Spirit in a mechanics school in Amarillo, Bill Wind is a licensed minister with Thursday night meeting. Texas, I attended First Assembly the AssembJies of God and is a My first pastor, A. D. McClure, where E. R. Foster was pastor. The general agent with National no doubt inOuenced me more than second church was in Kingman, Travelers Life Co. According 10 The any other man. He taught me Arizona, pastored by Paul Cooper. Pel1lecostal Church, by Elmer Louis respect for the ministry, to be He was a great inOuence to my wife Moon (Carlton Press, 1966), A. D. sensitive to the Spirit, and to obey and me and we cOl1linue to support McClure was saved in the old Power the Spirit when He spoke. Brother his mIssIons effort. Then in House, Marion, Indiana, in 1913. McClure taught me integrity. Albuquerque, where I was assigned He was healed of tuberculosis and faithfulness, tithing, and walking as an engine mechanic for B-29s at began preaching in /915, receiving with God. He was a small man in Kirkland Air Force Base. we ordination in the Assemblies of God stature but a huge man in spirit. attended First Assembly, which was in 1917. Lorer he served the Pente Brother McClure founded the pastored by R. G. Batson. costal Church of God of America as church in Ottumwa and served as We were in Albuquerque when secretary and moderator and edited pastor for 26 years. He was tireless, the war ended and remember the ex their publication, the Pel1lecoslal conducting more than 1,500 wed citement and the revery that lasted Messenger. After more than 26 dings and 1,200 funerals. We had il1lo the night. Since I couldn't get years as pastor of the Ottumwa services on Tuesday, Thursday, and out to ~he base because of the church, he died in 1949. 8111 Wind (~lr Urr aboHJ can bf..'iHn In the billcon)', founh from (hr Irft.ln II sea[ed In the front row, founh lind fifth from thr left. The first [wo In [hat row Il!vlul meeting Alpha and Min' Vander Ploeg conducled In WhAIIs now First all! Pastor and Mrs. A. D. McClure; Charles Vander Ploeg, AlphA 'S father, Is Pentec:oslll Aurmbl), of God, Oltum"'l, 10"", In 1946. The VAnder Plorgs all! sea[ed bf.tween Mrs. McClure and Mrs. Vander Ploeg. 22 AlG HERITAGE, FALL 1992 from Midwest Archives Conference tapes for the Archives, including my own introduction to the moun A long overdue thank you for talks by Mildred Tangen, Darrell tain work under O. E. Nash. My taking time to write about the Hobson, and David duPlessis. We wife and I had jusl married in Midwest Archives Conference calen had our hopes high when she told March 1937 and in June took a dar and for sending me copies of us she had recordings of Smith Greyhound bus to Cincinnati en Heritage. What a fine publication it Wigglesworth because we have "at rOute to Kentucky .... The Nashes is! Not only is it interesting, attrac been able [0 fi"d his voice on were esteemed very highly by all of tive, and educational, but it subtly recordings. Unfommately, Mrs. the missionaries of the Kentucky and effectively promotes the Bach was [hinkillg of ana/her mountain work. They were known archives to a large number of speaker. AllY reader who knows as Daddy and Mother Nash. people. You and your staff are to be where we can obtain recordings We were sent to hold a revival commended. of Smith Wigglesworth and Dr. with Gladys Orr and her co-worker, Valerie Gerrard Browne Charles S. Price is asked to write Gertrude Ziegley. They were sta President to the Archives at 1445 Boonville, tioned way back in the mountains al Midwest Archives Conference Springfield, MO 65802, or call (417) a small place called Mallie. Later we University Archives 862-1447, extension 4400. co-worked with Ray and Ethel Jones Loyola University of Chicago at High Bridge. Saves All Heritage Issues What joy to reminisce and recall Heritage Appreciated I really enjoy reading the Assem the faithfulness of those Kentucky On behalf of my mother, Mrs. A. blies of God Heritage, reliving the Mountain missionaries. Walker Hall, and the family, I early days of Pentecost. I save all Kenneth Hardin would like to thank you for your of them. Farwell, Michigan generosity in sending complimentary Ina M. (Mrs. Jacob) copies of the winter 199 1-92 issue of Schmidgall A future issue of Heritage will Heritage, featuring World War II. Bloomington, Illinois publish an article on the Kentucky I found it fascinating and will be Mountai" Mission, including a look delighted to tuck one away as a N. D. Davidson at Peniel Bible Institute. Some keepsake. You did a great job! Thank you [Glenn Gohr] so much of the missionaries went from My father, as you probably know, for all your work on the article of Kentucky to the foreign field, was promoted to be with Jesus on N. D. ["He Was Found Faithful, A including Ray and Ethel Jones. If June 3, 1990, in Sacramento, Profile of N. D. Davidson," summer you know of others who served in California, where he and Mom were 1992]. You did a beautiful job, and eastern Kentucky, please write to st ill active in home missions to local I know he would have been very the editor. Chinese and Laotians. pleased. He always enjoyed reading Heritage and all the stories about Appreciate A/G Archi ves A. W. Hall Thanks for the service you've Bedford, Texas the ones who had gone on to their reward. rendered and for the time and effort Th e Halls, along with several other Loretta Davidson you've invested [copy of disserta miSSIOn aries, were featured in Salem, Oregon tion, "A History of the Assemblies "Missionaries Caught in the Cross of God in Oklahoma: The Forma fire, " in the above issue. They were Thanks for the magazines, all of it tive Years, 1914- 1929," by Leroy interned by the Japanese in several well done! I think you [Glenn Gohr] Wesley Hawkins). places in the Far East following did a great job in putting it together From what Pastor [Tom] Goins the raid on Pearl Harbor. Mrs. A . for my dad. Bless you! said, the 75th anniversary of the Walker Hall (Nell) lives in Ch ico, I also enjoyed the article on the First Assembly of Broken Arrow California. Copies of the issue Sunday school conventions ["Sun in November holds great promise. are available f rom the A rchives for day School Conventions-A Quest You, of course, will have no small $2.50, postpaid. for Quality," by Sylvia Lee]. I share in this. The Assemblies of God traveled for a series of regional Archives is no small ministry and Thanks for Heritage Ministry conventions with Gwen Jones, the blessing to the churches. Just a word of appreciation for Dento ns [Charles and Edith], and Gerald S. Pope Heritage. They are so fascinating many others. It has borne fruit! Tulsa, Oklahoma to read. I am 80 but not that old in Guy A. Davidson Pentecost; yet reading of the elders Samaritan's Purse Gerald S. Pope's f ather and is still very interesting. Thank you Boone, North Carolina mother, Willard H. and Fannie all fo r your ministry to us through Hughes Pope, were pioneer Pente Recalls Kentucky Mountain Ministry this medium . costal preachers and attended the 1 enjoyed the summer issue which Mrs. Lillian Bach organizational meeting of the Seattle, Washington brought back several memories. Assemblies of God in 1914. Willard Your reference to the Kentucky Pope conducted revival meetings at Mrs. Bach sent a collection of audio Mountain Missio n brought to mind Broken Arrow in 1912. AlG Ht;RITAGE. )-A U , 1\19223 Mthln lind Lois Hod"u In 1937 whllt mlnlsltrln" In Iht somtllmu ,Iolent OSCAr Smith, mlsJionAr) to Colombill, Ctntrlll Amtrlun country of Nlurll"ulI. "15 shot And killed b)· three ASSAilAnts In 19'50 shortl) aftff this photoarAph WIIS liken. Also In the photograph lire his wife A/ G mluJonAr) Ho)d Woodwonh arriving lit HomtJtflld Ai r Foret Bl5e, Alice lind son Richard "Quito" Smltb, FloridA, In 196J, IIftff being permitted to IfII't Cuba. Wood .... orth WIIS chllritd .. ho no ..· Iht In EUitnt, Orl'lOn. COUT· with JP)lng for tht Ceniralintelilgence Agenc) And wuJAlltd for 20 days b)· the les} of Allct Smith C.stro regime. Rd1a1ouJ Ntws Molct Photo Oren Munaer died of a fe'er .... hlle serving In NICArAgUA. Hls5torr is told In this bookltt b) [Ju Johnson Hoo~er. f I j Ev'ry dream and ev'ry burning longing, HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES I surrender to their (the heathen's) crying need; I am leaving ev'ry hope behind me, To follow anywhere my Lord Pentecostal Missionaries may lead. Take me, Master, break me, IN Situations use me, I am leaning on Thy breast, AJI ambitions fast are dying, OF Conflict and Violence From their pain now give me rest; On the altar I have lain them, Now to Thee I give my heart, Fill me with the fire of vision, Let my passion ne'er depart J' By Gary B. McGee Both songs indicate that fidelity to the original ethos behind Pemecostal missions had remained Early Pentecostal miSSions in this ing," sung to a Central American (saving Ihe losl from elernal de~truc century resonated with the belief Ihat tune (verse I and chorus): tion). despite the awkward delay in the signs lind .... oRders of the aposiolic the Lord's rei urn. age had betn restored for the evangel Millions are living lzatioo of the world before (he in night'S dense darkness. he years afler World War II Imminent relurn of Christ. By mid No light to cheer them. T proved difficult as well in certain century, permanent overseas ministries no hope nor gladness, paTlS of the world. Persecution of were beginning to nourish. To maintain Bowed down and burdened, Proteslanls had existed both before freedom for ministry, Pente<:oSlal mis with none to save, and after the war in Latin America. sionaries have usuall y avoided laking And death awaits them Caught between rebel and govern sides on political, social, and economic beyond the grave. ment forces in EI Salvador, in Issues. EYeR though preaching the digenous church pioneer Ralph D. gospel has sometimes jeopardized their Harvest is passing, Williams narrowly escaped with his safel)', identification with Western Night draweth nigh. life. ZA1 F10yd Woodworth, direclor of powers (requenliy accounts for the Millions are dying. an A/G Bible school in Cuba, \~as turbulence they have experienced. Oh, hear their cry! jailed by Fidel Castro's army, Following an apolitical course has Then haste, my brother, alllicipating execution by firing generally paid diyidends, but in some Their souls to save, squad; fortunately he was released circumstances only at the risk of Christ to redeem them, in an unusual set of circumstances. creating a fundamental contradiction 10 His life-blood gave.2j Farther south, Colombia became the gospel itstlf. well-known for animosity toward WriHen while serving as a mission Protestants. especially during the ary in predominant ly Catholic "rcign of tcrror" (1946-1956). with CONCLUDING PART Central America, over 30 years hostilities and reports of stO llings passed before Hodges (as well as remaining long after. In 1950, y mid-cemury, as larger num other Pentecostals and evangelicals) missionary Oscar Smith (Inter B bers of Pentecostals ministered would begin to reconsider his anti national Pentecostal Assemblies) abroad. the romanticized missionary Catholic posture. 16 was forced from his home, shot in songs of the earlier generation gave Oren Munger, an A/G missionary the back, and his house was burned place to more reslfained lyrics of to Nicaragua who later died from a to the ground by three assailanls.N commitment to Christ and renet fever. in 1950 wrote the music for The independence of the Congo tions on the unreached millions "The Vision" by H. C. McKinney, (Zaire) in 1960, however. triggered who had not yet heard the gospel a thoughtful song that has stirred worldwide attention with its revolu message. In 1940 Melvin L. Hodges, thousands of Pentecostals to tion, atrocities. and hostilities the dean of Pentecostal mis dedicate their lives to missions toward foreigners. Both Protestants siologists, wrote "Harvest Is Pass- (verse 3, chorus): and Catholics suffered. Several This two-put ar1lfl f was originall) publlshfd in Miss/ololY: An lntrrnCl(ional Hnft... ·, \'01. XX . No.1, January 1992. Uttd b} ptrmbslon. AlG n ER ITAGE. t Al I. 1992 2S PClll ccostals were slain by rebels, jeopardi.lcd the safety of colonial including missionaries Elt on Knauf administrators, soldiers, and and Edmund "Tcddy" Hodgso n merchants, but missionarie 26 AlG HER ITAG.;. FALL 1992 Tert ull ian's remark that "the blood apolitical course promises the surest to forfeiture of vit al opport uniti e~ to of the martyrs is the seed of the means to that end. innuence national mission churches chu rch" is a half-truth at best. NOI withstanding, this posture has on matters o f social, polit ical. and Finall y, it should be noted that nOt meant that Pentecostals have economic conscience as they relate only in a few of the!)e instances did been uncaring; their charit able to C hr i~ ti a n values? missionaries face host ilit ies as a mini stries (orphanages, sc hools, With the passage of tI me, the direct result of preaching the gospel. fee ding programs , and medical "Good-bye, hallel ujah! "Ill gone" Their mere presence in some coun programs) provide testimony to mcnt alit y has fall cn prey to the tries exposed them 10 the dangers of thei r compassion. In an article declin ing eschatological e, pcctancy polit ical upheavals, a fate shared by entitled " Out to Change the in Pelli ecostal ranks. Nonet heless, oth er foreigners as well. Even wit h World ?" Norm Correll , an Assem fen'em concern to evangelile be· the ris ks in volved, the missionaries blies o f God missions executive, fore the closure of human hi<; tory, perceived themselves as ambassa remarked: motivated by lo ... e for Christ and dors for Christ entrusted \\ jth obedience to the great commission, the gospel message: " All this is Why did they become still remains at the heart of the from God , who reconciled us to him victims of violence? movement . self through Christ and gave us the m ini stry o f reconcili at io n : What can we learn from that God was reconciling the world these happenings? ARCHIVES A CTIVITI ES to himself in Christ , nOt count (tnlnd Dibte Colltge Ubr. r): ~~ booh b\ Vi, in g men 's sins against them (2 We are a Mo\oe menl of people peopte deeply concerned about the Coburn. Thtodort Fill:h, Wilhllm \\ I'r«'man. Corinthians 5: 18- 19a). Vtlmtr Gardm:r. Don GoSSttt, \\ \ . Gra"l. sufferings of others and deeply mo\ ed Frankhn Hall. A \I HIII\, Salem il:lrban, Whatever circumstances befell by the injustices i n ni clt~d upon them Gordon lmdsa), C«"il Parn\h, and S, II them \.,.'ere immediately interpreted by inhumane go\crnmenls. austere Patterson. lI. enlon \ Iood) : CNmOfistrallOru of societies, or legalistic religious tht HoJ)' Splrll. b) Htnr) H I'\~); and 11'00 as advancing or hindering the work instilutions. Olhtr books b)' Adam Clarke and Bud Roblnwn of the Lord , with the latt er poten iJu"or Parr) : StQutf to Llltlt f-,tddl~ J , So if the Spiril of, . God rests ChrlSlmas. b)' Irenc Pearlman. Ukk n o)d . tially representing [he activities of ('1'11 : 26 books published by Go~pcl Pubhlhilig upon a man today or upon a ~l o v e· Satan . After all , the apostle Paul menl, then Ihal man or that Move Housc. Ut " otr Crandll ll : AnOlnttd of Iht Lord (John A le~andcr DoW IC), b) Arthur NCl'comb; had warned, "our struggle is not menl will also be equall y inclined Tht Personal Letlers of John Alexander /)ol'>'lt. against nesh and blood, but against toward social and political righteous Vol. I. 1912. Caroll) u' lI l1 : n1tmorialpamphlcI ness , Indeed the people of God should and leller. HcnTlella Tickman. (,IT) \lc tJh,,): the rulers, against the authorities , always be angered wh en Ihey see "Flrc III Ihc Pints." \l l~siS5'l'pi DI\ui.'I hl~IOf~. against the powers of this dark in nocent people abused. neglected . \I .A dl~Sr'nalLon, or mistreated,» LLlfT) Ahlborn : Ihr«' \.Ongboo~\ Adt lt world and against the spi ritual Ih'lon: SpaniSh nanslalion\ of ,\ G le\lboof.~, OIher boo~~. hlslorical malerial on A 'G In forces of evil in the heavenly Thus, Pent ccostals a re not realms" (Ephesians 6: 12) . " neutral" toward the deprivations One implicat ion from this st ud y of others, but apolitical while living becomes abundantly clear: Pente overseas. Missionaries and sending costal missionaries have not been agencies hope thaI the winds of FAITH beaten, tortured, or murdered for change will not upset thcir acti vities championing social or political in evangelism and church planting WIll i It II! causes. Imprisonment did not result whi le they " sit on the fe nce" HDw To Ge t It! from marching in the street s to I)r. Charln ~ . I' rirt · ~ politically. Gold rn {, l'1Iln magazine protest violations of human rights, To date, the work o f most Pente injustice, or economic exploitation. Puerto Ru;-o. Joh" ('rt"ier: Tht VOICf' of costal missionaries has benefitted fltalin/l, magaZlnt, Mar~h 19~6 \\ lITr t n Their belief in the imminent return from (his approach, although those Ru .. ick: Golden Gram magaZine. 1'\0' 1935; of Christ has mandated that gospel gospel tract. lI u .t t \\ L1 rnt r: gospel re~on.llll&~ cited earlier were caught up in the b) Revn'aftmlt mate quanci. J [... WLI\on. proclamation receive top priority. whirlwind of co nt em porary even ts, The MLss ion·AlrtS. Einar ''''acrmo. tra Sian, Fo r this reason, they assume th at an phill . Bl ack wood Brolhcn, and Lome " 0)(; Ihr«' One can only speculate at what songbooh: Icacher's quarterlies from 193()o; and point this avoidance of pol it ical 40s...... C(r ll Sltnhoust: church historlcs. dedicalions. elC, M e rch . "d i~ !-IliIln: ncl' books involvemen t may create a contradic published by Gospel Pubhshing House. Ihph"t I)r. Gll r) D. M c G ~ is pro Snnn: ori gins of Bel hel Temple. CanlO". OhiO, f ~sor of ChLuch hislor) L11 tion to the gospel message itself !-I."dr' !-Ilm lilr : fortign field mrormallonal Ihf A s ~mbl ifS of God (e.g. , until recently, innuent ial Thfo loltical Stminlr). pamphlets. U • • ld \ 10'15. Jr.: copy of k ller from Spri ni\ rif ld. Missouri. He segments of the Apostolic Faith John I)allcrson 10 Nalha" id Ursha" , \\ IIfT1'd holds mllSlns dtgrffS in Mission of South Afr ica, a largely Kosll: Loke Assembly an" iversary boo ~ (POl'ers rr liltlo n and hi510r) and a Lake NO). Ph. l> . from SLlinl Louis white Pentecostal denomination and Uni-tuil). lit is Ih t missionary sending agency , strongly Persons wishing to donate historical matrr'ilils L1 ulhor of Ih t h'O·"olumt to the Archh cs are urged to writt 10 \\1I)nt This Gospr/ ... Shall S r supported offi cial government al Wamcr, A/ G Archh'cs. 1445 Boonvillc, "rtm:htll (Gospt l Publishing Houst) lind Is li n policies on race)Y Furt hermore, will rdltor for Ih r lJiC(ionary of 1't'nltC'oswl ami Springfield , MO 6S802, or call (411) 862-1441, Cha,IInulliC' M O"tnrenlS (7..o ndtr,'II" ), th is predilection inadvertentl y lead txtension 4401. AlG II ERITAG I:., "ALL t992 27 The challenge of communicating e\,den,ed Ln hIS A ThtuioKY oj Iht Church and \ Iu\t Be rold. ' .. l oufI/a/fl\fQI·trr. ' I a~ 19)(6. III M w ion (1 977). occurred after the emnlen,e p. 11 the gospel 10 the unreached millions of the Catholic ,hari,matic rene .... al. more 34 Ibid. ~ till enlists a steady number of p 28 AlG HERlTAGI:.• • ·ALL 1992 does little service to the trut h. ":' He also heard the need of the churches for rene .... al by the Holy Spirit. He argued:!S The Pentecostal churche~, by thclr ~pecial testimony to the baptism in the 1I0ly Ghost and firc as a pre'oCnt experience for Christians belicve they hlwe something to offer of urgent importancc to thc whole Church. They ask forgivclI~ where thcir messagc has failed by its incomplete ncss and method of presentation. ThC) pra)' for themsel\es that God will gi\e thcm yet mightier outpour tngs of the Po .... er that fcll at Pentecost. This evolution, from sectarian 10 budding ecumenical statesman, did not please the nouveau fundamen talist leaders on either side of the Atlantic. Gee was attacked by the new American leader, T. F. Zimmerman, who argued that any contact with other churches in volved compromise.19 Forbidden to represent the World Pentecostal Conference at the New Delhi Assembly of the wee (196 1), Gee From 1947 to 1966, Gee's wit and wi sdom, especially the rejoined, "These are not days of carefully written editorials, were avidly andl or nervously compromise, but they are days of awaited by thousands of readers [of Pentecost I, deep searching of heart .... The Spirit of Christ will lead us to examine very carefully the things that won the admiration of generations ~piritual gifts. become fanatical separate us from our fellow of students. He reOected on the in )'our repudiation of con<,«rated Sl.:holarshlp. Let the Spirit of truth '>C1 Ch ristians. "10 Gee's colleague, irony of his own position: it all 011 fire and use it for the glory of David du Plessis, was disfellow Bible Schools are unnecessary. That is God. Some of us in our early folly 'oCt shipped by the American Assemblies exactly what I used 10 say for many a premium upon ignorance. of God for his continued involve years; and t belie\'oo it tool II is a This transformation of Gee'!. ment wit h other churches. filling revenge thlll in the Providencc thinking led 10 the development of a of God I now find myself installed as the Principal of sueh an institution)' corps of devout, commilled Pcnte ormal education for ministry costal scholars in Europe. It also F was considered with less than What madc me talk like that? .... all opened the door for Pentccostal enthusiasm in Pentecostal Britain unrecognised tincture of pride .. .l scholars to interact with scholars and throughout the Pente<:ostal felt I was doing prelly good as a from other traditions. Gce would pastor. ... another element was resent world during the formative period ment that some of my colleagues who begin to sce this evolution in of the tradition, and where "train had spent very short timcs in Bible the work of his st udent Waltcr ing" was allowed, critical scholar Schools should think themselves Hollenwcger who enrolled, over shi p was viewed with disdain. This superior .... JZ the protests of his Pcntecostal attitude was due in part 10 a normal Gee understood better than most colleagues, at the University of class defined response to the larger the distances from self-educated Zurich. However, Gee would be culture and in part to the experience clergy to Bible college graduate summarily dismissed from the Bible of persons such as Gee who had and from Bible college graduate to School, ostensibly be<:ause of age, in become successful pastors and scholar. He considered one of the 1964. No gratitude for his service leaders without the luxury of formal potential benefits of the Charismatic was expressed. Certain District training. In 195 1, Gee was asked 10 movement the transformation of Councils even complained that he rescue and reorganize the fa ltering scholars into Spirit-filled scholars. was given a pension. He was given a Bible College of the British Assem He admonished the new converts:J) room at International Bible Training blies of God. N principal, he Many of you are trained theologians Institute, Burgess Hi ll, Sussex, reorganized the curriculum, hired with a good academic background. wherc he wrote and taught unt il his teachers, counseled st udents, and Do nOI. now that you have tasted death on July 20, 1966.14 AlG I-ftJUTAGt.. . 'At.1. 1992 29 onald Gee has been character Zondervan, 1988). 21 (London: 1:.Jim Publishing House:, 1(41); re"ised ed. 1949; 3rd ed, published as Wmdand ized by scholars in many ways: 2. Only David du Ple~Sls and Waher D Hollen .... eger have developed similar global Flame (Cro~don: Heath Press. 1967). " A Pentecostal Gent leman, "" " The e.ltperience. 22. }-or a narrall,e of these evems, ~ec Apostle of Balance, ":16 " Pentecostal 3. On the devtlopment of Pemecostal inter· Wilham K Kay. InSide Sto", A History 0/ action with other ChriSlian traditions, sec C. \1 lhe BrllIsh Assf'mbhes 0/ God (~lal\erse~: Statesman, "31 and as a "Sectarian in Robeck, "Name and Glory: The Ecumenical Mallersty Hall Publishing, 1990); WhllIaker. Search o f a Chu rch."J8 John Carter, Challenge:' presidmtial addre\s, Socit'ty ror Seven Pentecostal PIOneers, 95-98: and Ross, in an inte rview with Brian Ross Pemecostal Studies, Nov. 4, 1983. Donald Gee, 48-86. 4 Donald G~, "Louise Boes-A huhrul 23, Donald Gee, "Problems of the Small rcnected , " I think he was always Missionary," Redemption ndtngs 26(6 Jan. Assembly," Redemption Tidings 23(17 Jan, groping. ")9 All of these rencet part 19~0), 2-3. 1947), 5-6; Donald Gee, "The Problem of De of th e truth o f Do nald Gee. He was, ~. Donald Gee, Pentecost (Springfield: ciinlflg Allendance at Weeknight Meetings," Gospel Publishing House, 1969. orig. pub. Redemplion TidmRs 35(2 Jan. 1959), 15-16; G~ 1932), 5·6: Donald Ckc, "Ernest W. Moser." also wrote against the absolutist ,iew of healing, Donald Gee became the Redemption ndmgs 45(28 Feb. 1964), ~-6. Trophllnus I LI'/t Sick; Our Problems 0/ Divme 6, ~, Penlec05I, 8. HealinR (London: Elim Publishing House. early worldwide Pentecostal 7, Ibid" 8-9. 19~2) leader's leader. Yet he was 8. Brian Robert Ross. Donald Gee: Sec/llrian 24. Donald Gtt, "Amsterdam and Pente In Search of u Church (Unpublished Th.D. cost," Penlecos/ 6( 1948),17. rejected by the next thesis, Kno.lt College. University of Toronto, 25. $ce, for example his address to the 195~ generation. 1974), 28: Colin Whittaker, Seven Penle«J:i/al World Pemecostal Conference, Donald Gee, Pioneers (Basingstoke: Marshal1-Pick~ring, " Pingst ~1ickelsen- Tungotal och profetia," 1983). 85. Viirldspsngstkonjerensen i Stockholm den H-20 in addit ion, a committed Pent e 9. Gee recounts in detail his ~xperienc~s )lJni 19S5 i ord och btld (Stockholm: hirlaget costal theologian and scholar who in Buckinghamshire in the as ~et unpublished. Filadelfia, 19~5), 62-83. Penteros/al Pilgrimage: World Travels 0/ a 26. Donald Gee. " Pemecost and E~anston," knew where he stood on the essential Bible Teucher, 2. 4-10. This is in the Archives Pentecost 30( 1954), 17. issues, and who was not afraid to or the Donald Ckc Center, Mlltterse~, United 27. Ibid. change his mind . He was able to Kingdom. 28. Ibid. 10. Donald Gee, Bonnlng/on Toll-And 29. T. F. Zimmerman, "20th Ccntur~ Pente ascert ain and express the difference Afler: The Srory of a First PastorOle and the cost," The Sixlh Penttcostul World Conference between the essential goals o f the Sequel (London: Victory Press, 1943). Gee did (Toromo: Testimony Press for the Conference Pentecostal movements and the not aClllally resign until 1930, but others served Advisory Committee, 1961), ~1-55. means, st ructures and fea rs which in his place because of his travel schedule. 30. Donald Gee, "What Manner of Spirit?" 1I, Gee, Penterostal Pilgrimage, 11-15. Pen/tcOSt S7(I96I). 17. framed those at any given momcnt . 12. An account or this trip is provided by Gee. 31. Donald .Gee, "Are Bible Schools Un This process of growth is clear. Gee PenteroSlU1 Pilgrtmuge, 15·25. necessary." Redemption Tidings 34{1S Feb. IJ. Donald Gee. Concerfllng Spirirual Gi/rs 19~8), 8. had the courage to write his ideas (Sprin8field, MO: Gospel Publishing Housc, 32. Donald Gee, "The Perils of Bible for the public arena, and und e r ~ 1928). Schools," Redemption Tidings 36(28 Oct. 19(0), stood that he was develo ping in 14. (Sprin8field, MO: Gospel Publishing H. House, 1928). 33. Donald Gee, " To Our New Pentecostal understandi ng. Do nald Gee was IS. (London: Assemblies of God Publishing Friends," Pentecost 58(1962), 17. indeed a Pentecostal leader who House, n.d.). 34. After his dcath. several of his prOta80nists grew in stature and wisdom. He 16. For an analysis of the beginnings of sought to interpret his life in obituarics, remains a source for refl ecting on Pell tC1::os talism in Poland with significant for examplc, A. Misscn, "Donald Gee With Illlemioll de~oted 10 the Bible School in Danzig, Chris!," Pentecost 77( 1966), 1-2: A. Missen. our o wn pcriod .~ with reference to Gee. sec H. R. Tomaszcwski, "The Funeral of Donald Gee." Redemplion Grup)' Chn;escijanskie t)'pu Ewangelic~no- Tidings 42(Allg. 12. 1966), 17-18: Alfred F. Non:s 8apt)'stycvrego na lerenie Polski od 1858-1939 Missen, The Sound 0/ A Going, The SlOryo/the l. For inrormlltion on these persons. sec the (Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Theological Assemblies 0/ God (Nollingham: Assemblies or articles in Dictionary of PentecQStal and Academ~. Warsaw. 1978), 218-243. Ckc's rC1::ol God Publishing House, 1973). 37·40; "Donald Churi5mulic Movements, ed. by Stanley M. lections are in Penltc05/al Pilgrimage, 26-28, Gee With the Lord," Pentecostul Evangel (Aug. Burgess and Gary B. McGee (Grand Rapids: 17, See Gee's. evaluation of Pentecostalism in 28, 1966), 3; J. Carter, "The Man as I Knew France and Belgium, "Laller Rain Falling in Him," Redemption Tidings 42(Aug. 19, 19(6), France and Be lgium," Penteroswl TeSlimony 7-8; J. Phillips, "Donald Gee-A Gift of Christ l) a~ld Bund), associate (March 1933). 1-2. See also, David Bund ~. to His Church." Redemption Tidings 42(Au8. profusor o f church " Louis Dalliere: Apologist for Pentecostalism 19,19(6),3-5. history and li brari an at in France and Belgium, 1932-1 939," Pneuma 10 3~. Walter J, Hollcnweger, The Pentecostals Christian Theological (l988),85-1IS. (London: SCM, 1972), 208. Sfmlnary, Indianapo 18. Donald~, Upon All Flesh (Springfield, 36. Whillaker, Seven PentecoslUl Pioneers. lis, has a lI ~n tla t e In MO: Gospel Publishing House, 1935), introduc 19. orifnt al phliolOll)' lind tion, ~m p hasis his. See also the discussion, in 37. John Carter. Donald Gee: Pen/ecostal hIs t o r y fro m the Gee's, PenttcoSlU1 Pilgrimage, 30-36. SIU/fSman (Nollingham: Assemblies of God Unhfrsl te Cathollqut 19. Summaries of his sermons are given Publishing House, 1975). de Louvilin. 8c'lgl um. in EUropeiska Pingstkonfl'rensen i Stock 38. Ross, Donald Gee (subtitle). Ind I ~ a docto rl l holm den S- 12 jun; 1939; Tal, sumlUl och 39. Ibid., I. u ndldate at the SlIme predikningar (Stockholm:' Forlaget Filadelfia, 40. In a tribute Gee would have apprecialed. institution. lit Is one of 1939). See also, Donald Gee. Wind and Flame the British Pentcc05\al Churches are cooptrat the fo urn:lel"S of the Eu roptlln " enttc05tll l (C r o~do n : Heath Press. 1967). 171- 177: ing to develop The Donald G~ Center on the Thtologlcal Assodatkln and the Co nftrttl~ on and, Arthur Sundstedt, Pjngstvackelsen-en campus of Assemblies of God Bible College at " entK ostal lind Charismatic RfStll n:h in Europe' viirldswiCke/se (Pingstvackelsen, 5: Stockholm: M allerse~ Hall. Uni led Kingdom. Directcd by li nd Is th e found ing ed it or of the EI'TA 8ul/l'/in. Normans Forlag. 1973). ]3·23. the Elim hislOrian and thoologian, Desmond He Is mllrri«l to Md ody Garlock Bund), grand 20. See, fo r e.lt ample, a sermon preached at Canwright, it is an internationally Si8nifkant daughter of H . B. li nd Ru th Gllrlock, plont'tr the Stone Church in Chicago on 31 October 1930, repository o f materials related to the histOry and misslonllrlt:S to Africa, li nd dll ught er of John and " Is Our Modern Revival Deep Enough? Spirilllal thoology o f Pentecostalism in Britain and around Ruthanne Gllrlock, former misslonllrits to Afrkll Shallowness Due to Lack o r Repentence," The the world. Extensive materials related to Gee lind BdKlum. Laller Rain Evangel (May 193 1), 8- 12. have been coll ected. ...,. 30 AlG HERITAGE. FALL 1992 8, Inl C"mallona] PC"n1C",:o"al ("on\llltatiH Pentecost With Signs/from page 15 ("oun':II, " Ikdaration: Am'lC"rdam, 4th and ~Ih o De.:emlxr, ]9]2," Cotifidtn~ ~ {I>c.:e:mlxr ]9]2}, 277. he \\ riter... of Confidence pre· 9, ik)erhau" Herr, "The Barmm In Ihe Hoi) Gho\I," Corrjidtn~ " (:\o\C'mhc:r 1911): sent a balanced approach to r I ~l T 2~3 the work of the Holy SpIrit in the 10. I/>,d, 2B. ]]. [A. S. ("opk) ,I "The: \\a~ 10 YOUI 'Penle"' life of the community of bclic\er~. ".N,' "CQtifide,,~ I (AU\11hl ]9O!(): 23. Their de·empha~i ... of tonguc~ (but 12 \ S (""p]e:~, '·HlOdran.:C' \0 Scd.eu," (btl[,dt" AlG UERITAGE. FALL 1992 31 >10 .....~ 0.. PAID HIRlTAGE """ 1445 Boonville Avenue .. Springfield, MI ••ourl 65802-1894 that fol\o\\-ed, many in Bradford D Smith Wiggiesworth/'mm p ••" re<.:eived the baptism in the Spirit, including Polly Wigglesworth. 11 apprehended mightily by the Holy END OF PART I Spirit. In hi~ own words, he re· ported what happened. /,,;Qn;:, [ ... ish \0 expr~s my gratitude to \l.ayne The power o f God rell upon my body Warner and the Assemblies of God Archl'es for with such ecstasy or JOy that I could making a\'ailable to me the e~tensive collection not satisfy the joy within, with the of Wiggle~ ... orth·s unpublished wrmon\. Also, I natural tongue, then I found the extelld my thanks to J im Ziegler and the HoI)' Spirit speaking through me in other Spirit Rcsearch Centcr at Oral Robert\ tongues.' UnivCTSlly for making available to me other Important Wiggles ... orth materials. Wigglesworth lert Sunderland as a 2. I found the fol1o ... ing biographi~ to be changed man. As he put it, "One helpful in gaming an o\'ervie .... of Wiggles ... orth's life: Jack Hy ... cI·Davies. Tht' Lift' 0/ Smith Leading others into an Wigglesworth (Ann Arbor, Mt : Servant Nonetheless, Wigglesworth warmed I>ublications, 1987); Stanley Frodsham, Smllh experience of the baptism WIgglesworth: APOSllt' 0/ FOllh (Springfield. up (0 the ~crvicc", and began (0 MO: Gospel Publishing House, 1913); Alben c.xpcricncc some powerful visitations in the Spirit would Hi bben, Smith Wigglesworth: Tht' Stf;rt'f 0/ HIS become a trademark PoW('(' (Tulsa, OK: Harrison House. 1982); W, of the Spiril. However, aflcr 4 days, Hacking, Smllh Wigglesworth Rt'mt'mber('(/ he felt the need 10 return home, dis of Wigglesworth's ministry. (Tulsa, OK: Harrison House, 1981). appointed thai he had 11 0( received 3. Hy"'el-Da\ies, 43-45; Frodsham. 22·23. time I thought I had the Holy 4. Hy ... cl·Davics, 59·60; Frodsham. 40. tongues. 5. Hy ... cl-Davics, SO. Ghost. Now I know the Holy Ghost 6. Ibid., 51. In California, Wigglesworth has got me."'o He telegraphed these 7. Ibid., 53-56. words to Polly in advance of his 8. Ibid., 56. - explaining that he was 9. Smilh Wigglt's"'onh, "Christ In Us" fighting the devil-struck return. " I have re<.:eived the baptism (Smith Wigglesworth Papers, Assemblies of God of the Holy Ghost and have spoken Archives), 13. Henceforth, notations of all a man in the stomach who in wngues." Polly, skeptical of his unpublished Wigglesworth sermOIlS and pamphlets from the Archives ... ill include only had come for prayer. The claims, challenged him to preach the the title Ilnd page number. and the date in some man's sister cried, " You 've fo llowing Sunday at the Mission. cases. No truer teSt could have been 10. "Overcoming" (3 June (924), 5. killed him. Call the police." 11 . Hywcl-Davies, 70.72. -.$- Later reports said he was applied to evaluate Wigglesworth 's newfound experience. completely healed. When he stepped behind the He made one last visit to the pUlpit on that momentous Sunday, vicarage, where Mrs. Boddy made a the Spirit apprehended Smith final plea for him 10 receive prayer Wigglesworth with a boldness, and a for the baptism of the Spirit. fluency with language, that would Wigglesworth agreed. The vicar's have been the envy of even the most wife laid hands upon him and seasoned of preachers. Sitting on the prayed. then lef! the room. Un back row, Polly could not believe expectedly, Wigg lesworth was her eyes and cars. She muttered to herself, over and over again, Dr. [)ovid W. Dorries is an assistaflf "That 's not my Smith!" She was professor of church history at the Graduate CONCLUDING PART a lso heard to say, "Amazing! School oj Theology and Missions, Oral The 50-year-old Smllb WIggles Amazing! What 's happened to the Roberts University, Tulsa, Oklahoma. His worth drops his plumber's tools man?" When Wigglesworth's Ph.D. is in church history/systematic and begins an In.ernatlonal Iheology Jrom King s Coffege, University sermon ended, the room began to of Aberdeen (Scolland). His doctoral disser ministry. Don't miss the con· fill with the cry, "We want what dudlnl part In the winter Issue. lotion is a vindication of the Christology oj Smith 's got!" In the exciting days Edward irving.