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Kultúrák Találkozása És Kölcsönhatása a Selyemút Mentén

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Kultúrák Találkozása És Kölcsönhatása a Selyemút Mentén KULTÚRÁK TALÁLKOZÁSA ÉS KÖLCSÖNHATÁSA A SELYEMÚT MENTÉN STUDIA DE VIA SERICA KÖNYVEK Az MTA–ELTE–SZTE Selyemút Kutatócsoportjának könyvsorozata Sorozatszerkesztő: HAMAR IMRE 1. kötet Kultúrák találkozása és kölcsönhatása a Selyemút mentén Az Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Karának Kínai Tanszékén 2018. június 7-én „Migráció, kultúrák találkozása és kölcsönhatása a Selyemút mentén” címmel tartott konferencia előadásai STUDIA DE VIA SERICA KÖNYVEK 1 KULTÚRÁK TALÁLKOZÁSA ÉS KÖLCSÖNHATÁSA A SELYEMÚT MENTÉN Ecsedy Ildikó születésének 80. évfordulójára A kötetet szerkesztette: DALLOS EDINA – KÓSA GÁBOR ELTE BTK Távol-keleti Intézet – SZTE Altajisztikai Tanszék 2018 Az ELTE Konfuciusz Intézetének támogatásával Tördelés, nyomdai előkészítés: TÓTH ERZSÉBET Borítóterv: STEIGLER ANETT Tipográfia-tervezet: TÓTH ERZSÉBET Felelős kiadó: HAMAR IMRE ISBN 978-963-489-060-7 (Kultúrák találkozása és kölcsönhatása a Selyemút mentén) MTA–ELTE–SZTE Selyemút Kutatócsoport, 2018 © A szerzők és a szerkesztők, 2018 Minden jog fenntartva. Nyomta a CC Printing Kft. Felelős vezető: Könczey Áron PRINTED IN HUNGARY TARTALOMJEGYZÉK HAMAR IMRE: Előszó ................................................................................................... 7 RÓNA-TAS ANDRÁS: Ecsedy Ildikóról ........................................................................ 21 BALOGH MÁTYÁS: Az ujgur birodalomalapítás előzményei – Yaɣlaqarok, ujgurok és tiele / oguz törzsek a kínai és a türk hatalom közt ............................................ 23 BARLAI KATALIN: Csillagok a Selyemút felett – Emlékeim Ecsedy Ildikóról ........... 59 DALLOS EDINA: Az áldás, a csoda és az ártó helyszellem – Néhány iszlám gyökerű terminus jelentésének változása a török nyelvekben .............................. 65 FELFÖLDI SZABOLCS: Különleges pecsétnyomatok a 3–4. századi Selyemútról (Nija, Xinjiang – Kína) ........................................................................................ 85 HAMAR IMRE: Mañjuśrī kultusza Khotanban ........................................................... 109 HOPPÁL KRISZTINA: Hogyan kommunikált Kína és Róma az ókorban? Kommunikációs csatornák és interakciós hálózatok a tengeri és szárazföldi Selyemút mentén ................................................................................................ 125 HORVÁTH CSABA BARNABÁS: Kontinens és szigetek – Az OBOR és Délkelet- Ázsia törésvonalai .............................................................................................. 143 KÁPOLNÁS OLIVÉR: Kínai művek a mandzsuk szolgálatában .................................. 161 KÓSA GÁBOR: A Selyemút felett az ég – A hét bolygó és a „nyugati” zodiákus idegen eredetű elnevezései a középkori kínai szövegekben ............................... 173 KOVÁCS SZILVIA: Ferences térítők és a buddhizmus a Dzsingiszidák korában ........ 191 POLGÁR SZABOLCS: Az eurázsiai steppe és a szomszédos birodalmak cserekapcsolatai ................................................................................................. 211 RÓNA-TAS ANDRÁS: A kitan nyelv helye az altaji nyelvek rendszerében ................ 227 RUSSELL-SMITH (BIKFALVY) LILLA: Vizuális meditáció és csodák ábrázolása a kucsai, a dunhuangi és az ujgur buddhista művészetben Gondolatok töredékes festményekről ..................................................................................................... 249 SÁRKÖZY MIKLÓS: Sulṭāniyya és Dāš Kasan – Megjegyzések a buddhizmus ilkhánida kori történetéhez és a mongolok nyelvi-vallási emlékeihez Iránban .. 273 VÉR MÁRTON: A Selyemút a mongol korban és a régi ujgur dokumentumok ......... 289 ZIMONYI ISTVÁN: A vaskengyel elterjedése a Selyemút mentén .............................. 315 Angol nyelvű absztraktok ........................................................................................ 335 ELŐSZÓ HAMAR IMRE (MTA–ELTE–SZTE Selyemút Kutatócsoport vezetője, ELTE BTK Távol-keleti Intézet igazgatója, ELTE nemzetközi ügyek rektorhelyettese) Az Eurázsiát átszelő, Kínától Európáig húzódó Selyemút nem csak keres- kedelmi áruk, hanem különböző kultúrák, vallások és eszmék találkozásá- nak és terjedésének helyszíne is volt. Az egykori Selyemút úgy is felfog- ható, mint gazdasági, társadalmi és kulturális kapcsolatok rendszere, illetve ezek összetett és hosszú időn keresztül, folytonos változásban lévő hálóza- ta. Az elmúlt néhány év történései, gazdasági és társadalmi változásai azon- ban újfajta aktualitást adtak a témának. Egyfelől a migráció, mely kultúrák találkozása és ütközése is egyben, s mely a Selyemút történetét évszázado- kon keresztül át- meg átszőtte, ma egyféle analógiát nyújthat Európának. Emellett egészen más irányú folyamatok hátterének megértését és elemzé- sét is elősegíthetik e kutatások – ilyen például a Kínában meghirdetett „Egy övezet, egy út” (yi dai yi lu 一带一路) politikája, mely lényegében a régi Selyemút újrateremtésére tesz kísérletet. 2017-ben alakult meg az MTA–ELTE–SZTE Selyemút Kutatócsoport, két tudományos műhely, az ELTE Kínai Tanszéke és a SZTE Altajisztikai Tanszéke együttműködésével, a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Támogatott Kutatócsoportok hálózatának tagjaként. A kutatócsoport tagjai a következők: Hamar Imre (vezető, ELTE), Kósa Gábor (ELTE), Hoppál Krisztina (ELTE), Horváth Csaba Barnabás (ELTE), Csikó Anna (ELTE), Zimonyi István (SZTE), Kovács Szilvia (SZTE), Dallos Edina (SZTE). A kutatócsoport munkáját számos külső tag is segíti, nekik külön köszönetet mondunk: Róna- Tas András, Ivanics Mária, Birtalan Ágnes, Galambos Imre, Lilla Russell- Smith, Felföldi Szabolcs, Orosz Gergely, Vér Márton. A tagok más-más tu- dományterület képviselőjeként minden évben egy adott tematikájú konferen- cián mutatják be kutatásuk eredményeit. 8 HAMAR IMRE A premodern korok során a Selyemút az interkulturális kapcsolatok egye- dülálló színtere volt. Kutatócsoportunk tagjai az anyagi kultúrát vizsgáló régészetet, az eredeti (kínai, török, mongol, tibeti) forrásokkal foglalkozó filológiát és a történettudományt alkalmazzák, hogy interdiszciplináris meg- közelítéssel a korábbinál pontosabb képet rajzoljanak a Selyemút mentén zajló anyagi és szellemi jellegű interkulturális kapcsolatokról. A Selyemút kutatásaihoz kapcsolódó első konferenciára 2017. június 13–14-én került sor az ELTE BTK Kínai Tanszékén „From Khotan to Dun- huang Case Studies of History and Art along the Silk Road” címmel. A kon- ferencián külföldi (Chen Juxia, Duan Qing, Fan Jingjing, Galambos I., Meng Sihui, C. Moretti, Rong Xinjiang, L. Russell-Smith, Saerji) és magyarorszá- gi (Bagi Judit, Birtalan Ágnes, Hamar Imre, Kósa Gábor, Mecsi Beatrix) előadók adtak elő. Az MTA–ELTE–SZTE Selyemút kutatócsoport szervezésében 2018. jú- nius 7-én tartottuk a „Migráció, kultúrák találkozása és kölcsönhatása a Se- lyemút mentén” konferenciát, melyet az ELTE BTK Kínai Tanszéke egykori oktatója és kutatója, Ecsedy Ildikó emlékének ajánlottunk. A magyar nyelvű konferencia programját és az előadások ABC-rendben felsorolt absztraktjait a következő oldalakon találhatják. Előszó 9 MIGRÁCIÓ, KULTÚRÁK TALÁLKOZÁSA ÉS KÖLCSÖNHATÁSA A SELYEMÚT MENTÉN KONFERENCIA ECSEDY ILDIKÓ SZÜLETÉSÉNEK 80. ÉVFORDULÓJA ALKALMÁBÓL (Az MTA–ELTE–SZTE Selyemút Kutatócsoport és az ELTE Konfuciusz Intézet szervezésében) 2018. június 7., 1088 Múzeum krt. 4/F, Kodály terem (magasföldszint) 19:30 HAMAR IMRE: Megnyitó [Elnök: HAMAR IMRE] 19:40 BARLAI KATALIN: Csillagok a Selyemút felett: visszaemlékezések Ecsedy Ildikóról 10:00 KALMÁR ÉVA : A Katonalány története a szteppe két végén 10:20 HOPPÁL KRISZTINA (in absentia): Hogyan kommunikált Kína és Róma az ókorban? Kommunikációs csatornák és interakciós hálózatok a tengeri és szárazföldi Selyemút mentén 10:40 KÓSA GÁBOR: Csillagképek a Selyemúton – a „nyugati” zodiákus a középkori kínai kultúrában [Elnök: KÓSA GÁBOR] 11:20 HAMAR IMRE: Buddhista szútrák terjedése a Selyemúton 11:40 FELFÖLDI SZABOLCS: Pecsétlők, pecsétlenyomatok a 3–4. századi Selyemútról (Nija/Caḍ՜ota, Xinjiang) 12:00 BAGI JUDIT: A Lótusz-szútra árnyékában: egy buddhista- konfuciánus szútra a Wutaishan–Dunhuang–Jizushan szent helyekre vezető zarándokútjain 12:20 KÁPOLNÁS OLIVÉR: Kínai művek a mandzsuk szolgálatában 12:40 KOZJEK-GULYÁS ANETT: Értékek a Selyemút mentén: migráció vs. Selyemút 13:00 Ecsedy Ildikó terem felavatása (Helyszín: 1. emelet, volt 15/1–3 terem) 10 HAMAR IMRE [Elnök: FELFÖLDI SZABOLCS] 14:15 ZIMONYI ISTVÁN: A vaskengyel elterjedése a Selyemút mentén 14:35 R USSELL-SMITH (BIKFALVY) LILLA: Vizuális meditáció és csodák ábrázolása a kucsai, a dunhuangi és az ujgur buddhista művészetben: gondolatok töredékes festményekről 14:55 VÉR MÁRTON: A mongol kori ortok-kereskedők a régi ujgur dokumentumokban 15:15 DALLOS EDINA: Helyszellemek és muszlim szentek 15:35 HORVÁTH CSABA BARNABÁS: A Straits Settlements – egy sosemvolt ország [Elnök: ZIMONYI ISTVÁN] 16:10 RÓNA-TAS ANDRÁS: A kitan nyelv helye az altaji nyelvek rendszerében 16:30 POLGÁR SZABOLCS: Nomádok és szomszédaik az eurázsiai steppe mentén a kínai határvidéktől a Kárpát-medencéig: hasonlóságok és különbségek 16:50 SÁRKÖZY MIKLÓS: Dāš Kasan és Sulṭāniyya – megjegyzések a buddhizmus ilkhánida kori történetéhez és az iráni mongolok nyelvi-etnikai emlékeihez Perzsiában 17:10 BALOGH MÁTYÁS: Yaγlaqar-ok a Kanszu-folyosóban: az ujgur birodalomalapítás előzményei 17:30 KOVÁCS SZILVIA: Ferencesek és vallások a mongolkori Selyemút mentén Előszó 11 AZ ELŐADÁSOK MAGYAR NYELVŰ ABSZTRAKTJAI BAGI JUDIT (MTAK Keleti Gyűjtemény) A Lótus-zszútra árnyékában: egy buddhista-konfuciánus szútra a Wutaishan–Dunhuang–Jizushan szent helyekre
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