Die Peitsche Leseprobe Feb2019
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Thesis Title the Lagermuseum Creative Manuscript and 'Encountering Auschwitz: Touring the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum' C
Thesis Title The Lagermuseum Creative Manuscript and ‘Encountering Auschwitz: Touring the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum’ Critical Thesis Author Dr Claire Griffiths, BA (Hons), MA, PhD Qualification Creative and Critical Writing PhD Institution University of East Anglia, Norwich School of Literature, Drama and Creative Writing Date January 2015 Word Count 91,102 (excluding appendices) This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. Abstract The Lagermuseum My creative manuscript – an extract of a longer novel – seeks to illuminate a little- known aspect of the history of the Auschwitz concentration and death camp complex, namely the trade and display of prisoner artworks. However, it is also concerned with exposing the governing paradigms inherent to contemporary encounters with the Holocaust, calling attention to the curatorial processes present in all interrogations of this most contentious historical subject. Questions relating to ownership, display and representational hierarchies permeate the text, characterised by a shape-shifting curator figure and artworks which refuse to adhere to the canon he creates for them. The Lagermuseum is thus in constant dialogue with my critical thesis, examining the fictional devices which often remain unacknowledged within established -
Transcript of Spoken, Rather Than Written Prose
https://collections.ushmm.org Contact [email protected] for further information about this collection United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Interview with Selma Engel February 12, 1992 RG-50.042*0010 https://collections.ushmm.org Contact [email protected] for further information about this collection PREFACE The following oral history testimony is the result of a videotaped interview with Selma Engel, conducted on February 12, 1992 in Bradford, Connecticut on behalf of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. The interview is part of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's collection of oral testimonies. Rights to the interview are held by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. The reader should bear in mind that this is a verbatim transcript of spoken, rather than written prose. This transcript has been neither checked for spelling nor verified for accuracy, and therefore, it is possible that there are errors. As a result, nothing should be quoted or used from this transcript without first checking it against the taped interview. https://collections.ushmm.org Contact [email protected] for further information about this collection SELMA ENGEL February 12, 1992 Beep. Why don't we start with your arrival in Westerbork and a-- Westerbork? Yeah, and then going on the train to Sobibór. (Clears throat) I came from um, Vught, from the concentration camp, Vught, I came to Westerbork in 194...2, 43, and, uh, uh, when I came there, I found an uncle and my mother was there with the five children, and we came together with these girls that I met, we stayed together with them, and, and a whole bunch of uh, Dutch girls, we stayed always very close together. -
Genesi E Funzioni Del Campo Di Birkenau
AAARGH Giugno 2008 Carlo Mattogno Genesi e funzioni del campo di Birkenau Robert Jan van Pelt è stato uno dei primi scrittori ad avere accennato all'importanza di Auschwitz nei progetti delle SS di colonizzazione dei territori orientali occupati. Nel libro da lui scritto in collaborazione con Debórah Dwork egli ha affermato che «la creazione del campo di Birkenau, che dalla fine del 1942 era diventato il maggiore centro di annientamento ebraico d'Europa, era collegata direttamente al programma di Himmler di trasformare Auschwitz in un paradigma di colonizzazione tedesca all'Est»1. Successivamente van Pelt ha cercato di sviluppare questa tesi in riferimento soprattutto all'Alta Slesia 2, ma ulteriori ricerche hanno poi documentato che questo paradigma era parte di un progetto molto più vasto, il “Generalplan Ost”, il “progetto generale Est”, che coinvolse i campi di Birkenau, di Lublino e di Stutthof come semplici centri di raccolta di manodopera, prima di prigionieri di guerra sovietici, poi di Ebrei. Questa nuova interpretazione è stata sostenuta in particolare da Jan Erik Schulte, autore di un importante articolo intitolato «Vom Arbeits- zum Vernichtungslager. Die Entstehungsgeschichte von Auschwitz-Birkenau 1941/42» (Dal campo di lavoro al campo di sterminio. Storia della genesi di Auschwitz- Birkenau 1941-1942)3 che delinea appunto la storia iniziale del campo di Birkenau, inquadrandola nel “Generalplan Ost”. Ne riassumo i punti essenziali, inserendoli in una prospettiva più ampia. Nelle cosiddette annotazioni di Cracovia, Rudolf Höss, il primo comandante di Auschwitz, scrisse: 1 D. Dwork, R. J. van Pelt, Auschwitz 1270 to the present. W.W. Norton & Company. -
Het Niemann Album Foto’S Van Vernietigingskamp Sobibor Het Niemann Album Het Niemann Album
HOLOCAUST BIBLIOTHEEK • FOTOBOEK Het Niemann Album foto’s van vernietigingskamp Sobibor Het Niemann Album Het Niemann Album Foto’s van vernietigingskamp Sobibor Samengesteld door het Bildungswerk Stanisław Hantz e.V. en de Forschungsstelle Ludwigsburg van de Universität Stuttgart Auteurs: Martin Cüppers Annett Gerhardt Karin Graf Steffen Hänschen Andreas Kahrs Anne Lepper Florian Ross Het Niemann Album is een gezamenlijk initiatief van Uitgeverij Verbum en Stichting Sobibor. Het Ministerie van VWS heeft de vertaling van het boek financieel ondersteund. Het Niemann Album is de vertaling van de Duitse uitgave Fotos aus Sobibor. Die Niemann-Sammlung zu Holocaust und Nationalsozialismus, Metropol Verlag, Berlijn, 2020. Omslagafbeelding: toegangspoort tot kamp Sobibor, voorjaar 1943, foto afkomstig uit de Niemann-verzameling Redactie: Martin Cüppers en Andreas Kahrs Vertaling: Rob Pijpers/Vitataal Redactie van de Nederlandse uitgave: Vitataal, Feerwerd © 2020 Uitgeverij Verbum ISBN 9789493028357 Meer informatie: verbum.nl INHOUDSOPGAVE 7 Woord vooraf Steffen Hänschen, Annett Gerhardt, Andreas Matthijs van der Tang Kahrs, Anne Lepper en Martin Cüppers 133 Het dodenkamp Sobibor 155 Niemanns foto’s uit Sobibor 9 Ten geleide Jetje Manheim Martin Cüppers 201 De Trawniki’s – handlangers bij de 13 Voorwoord Holocaust Bildungswerk Stanisław Hantz e.V. Martin Cüppers en Steffen Hänschen Martin Cüppers 219 Beloning voor de volkenmoord 17 De Niemann-foto’s De trip naar Berlijn van Aktion Reinhardt- Een unieke verzameling over de Holocaust en manschappen -
Reichskommissariat Ostland from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Reichskommissariat Ostland From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Ostland" redirects here. For the province of the Empire in Warhammer 40,000, see Ostland (Warhammer). Navigation Reichskommissariat Ostland (RKO) was the civilian occupation regime established by Main page Germany in the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), the north-eastern part of Reichskommissariat Ostland Contents Poland and the west part of the Belarusian SSR during World War II. It was also known Reichskommissariat of Germany Featured content [1] initially as Reichskommissariat Baltenland ("Baltic Land"). The political organization Current events ← → for this territory—after an initial period of military administration before its establishment— 1941–1945 Random article was that of a German civilian administration, nominally under the authority of the Reich Donate to Wikipedia Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories (German: Reichsministerium für die besetzten Ostgebiete) led by Nazi ideologist Alfred Rosenberg, but was in reality Interaction controlled by the Nazi official Hinrich Lohse, its appointed Reichskommissar. Help The main political objective, which the ministry laid out in the framework of National Flag Emblem About Wikipedia Socialist policies for the east established by Adolf Hitler, were the complete annihilation Community portal of the Jewish population and the settlement of ethnic Germans along with the expulsion or Recent changes Germanization of parts of the native population -
Barbara Małyszczak Zbrojne Powstanie Więźniów I Likwidacja Obozu Zagłady W Sobiborze
Barbara Małyszczak Zbrojne powstanie więźniów i likwidacja obozu zagłady w Sobiborze Rocznik Lubelski 39, 169-181 2013 Barbara Małyszczak Lublin Zbrojne powstanie więźniów i likwidacja obozu zagłady w Sobiborze Uwagi wstępne W ramach Akcji Reinhardt1 w pobliżu maleńkiej wsi Sobibór2 położonej nie- opodal miasta Włodawa powstał jeden z obozów masowej zagłady. Tę małą miej- scowość wskazał jako teren pod budowę obozu śmierci SS-Obergruppenführer Odilo Globocnik3. Obóz funkcjonował od 1942 do 1943 r., kiedy doszło do zbroj- nego buntu więźniów i ich ucieczki. Na przestrzeni kilkunastu miesięcy4 wymor- dowano w Sobiborze setki tysięcy Żydów i zmuszano do katorżniczej pracy setki więźniów wybranych spośród przybyłych transportów5. Więźniowie sobiborskiego obozu zagłady codziennie walczyli o przetrwa- nie, zastanawiając się nad ucieczką z miejsca kaźni. Dla jednych formą ratunku była egzekucja, inni opierali się nazistom poprzez kontrabandę i wzajemną po- moc. Oprawcy zdawali sobie sprawę z tego, że więźniowie mogą próbować uciec 1 „Akcja Reinhardt” to kryptonim planu ostatecznego rozwiązania kwestii żydowskiej (z niem. Endlösung der Judenfrage). Operacja wzięła nazwę od nazwiska sekretarza stanu w Ministerstwie Finansów III Rzeszy – Frit- za Reinhardta. Była punktem kulminacyjnym prowadzonej przez nazistów polityki wobec Żydów. Kryptonim ten po raz pierwszy pojawił się na początku czerwca 1942 r. i określał akcję mającą na celu eksterminację Żydów europejskich, a także grabież ich mienia. Na obszarze Generalnej Guberni zlokalizowane zostały miejsca zagła- dy ludności żydowskiej – dwa obozy zostały ulokowane na terenie dystryktu lubelskiego w okolicach wsi Sobi- bór i Bełżec, trzeci zaś nieopodal Warszawy, w okolicach wsi Treblinka. Siedzibę Akcji Reinhardt zlokalizowano w Lublinie, gdzie mieściła się również kwatera Odila Globocnika (dzisiejszy budynek Collegium Iuridicum KUL przy ul. -
Blick Ins Buch
Kaum jemand kennt heute noch die Tötungsanstalten der Euthanasie (Aktion T4). Längst vergessen sind auch die großen Vernichtungslager Belzec, Sobibor und Treblinka (Aktion Reinhard). Während bisher lediglich ein loser Zusammenhang zwischen diesen beiden Jahrtausendverbrechen der Hitler-Diktatur vermutet wurde, kann nun bewiesen werden, dass es einen direkten und unmittelbaren Zusammenhang gibt. Die Mordfabriken der Euthanasie, wo zehntausende unschuldige kranke Menschen entsorgt wurden wie Abfall, waren die Ausbildungs- stätten und Trainingseinrichtungen für die zukünftigen SS-Männer in den drei großen Vernichtungslagern in Ostpolen. Man benötigte in Belzec, Sobibor und Treblinka kaum 18 Monate, um 1,8 Millionen Ju- den fabrikmäßig vom Erdboden verschwinden zu lassen. Das unermessliche Leid der vom „Entsorgungsprozess“ betroffenen Menschen kann durch die erschütternden Berichte von jenen Überle- benden vermittelt werden, die dem Lager durch Zufall entkamen. Nur 90 SS-Männer bewerkstelligten im Vernichtungslager Sobibor zwischen Mai 1942 und Oktober 1943 die „fließbandgesteuerte Men- schenentsorgung “ von 240 000 Juden. 88 dieser Männer waren vorher in den Tötungsanstalten der Euthanasie im Einsatz. Anhand ihrer de- taillierten Berufsbiografien und deren Auswertung lässt sich nachwei- sen, dass sie von Anfang an für die Mitarbeit bei der Judenvernichtung im großen Stil vorgesehen waren. „Nur wer vergessen wird, ist tot. Wir müssen uns an die unschuldigen Opfer der Euthanasie und des Holocaust erinnern, denn indem wir dies tun, bestätigen -
Exploring Operational and Managerial Efficiencies Or Lack Thereof Within Auschwitz James Michael Hogan
Auschwitz I and III: Exploring Operational and Managerial Efficiencies or Lack Thereof within Auschwitz James Michael Hogan His 471 Fall 2016 "T" Hogan 2 Introduction to Parameters of Project: This project examines the operational and managerial efficiencies or lack thereof within the Auschwitz concentration camp operated by the Nazis during World War II as part of the "Final Solution." In order to examine both the efficiencies and inefficiencies of the camp, it is necessary to consider the founding, construction, administrative layout, basic processes, overall goals, and the way in which the Auschwitz camps affected prisoners and administrators. The proposed result of this examination is to weigh whether the policies and practices within Auschwitz I and III effectively implemented the objectives of Volkstrum and Lebensraum within the Reich's empire. While frequently thought of as a single entity, Auschwitz actually had two main camps (Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II - Birkenau), the third biggest sub-camp was Auschwitz III - Monowitz; it was one of the "40 subsidiary camps (Nebelager) [that] arose."1 This project focuses on two of the main camps within Auschwitz. The first is Auschwitz I, the original concentration camp. The second is Auschwitz III - Monowitz, this was one of the largest sub-camps at Auschwitz and was located immediately outside of the IG Farbenindustrie factory. This focus promotes a concentrated discussion on the stated area of interest. They also have a sufficient body of primary and secondary sources covering all aspects. Primarily, this project draws from secondary monographs that cite primary source material - official correspondence, first-hand accounts, interviews, speeches, memoirs and similar reference materials. -
1942 Other Victims of Nazi Crimes Scenario
OTHER VICTIMS subject OF NAZI CRIMES Context8. According to the Nazi ideology, Jews into two categories: ‘worthy’ individuals constituted the greatest threat to Ger- (enjoying full civic rights) and those man society and racial purity. For this rea- ‘useless’ not only denied equal rights, but son, their rights were gradually limited with primarily the right to live. isolation in designated areas after the war broke out. Then, they were murdered in death Several months after the Nazis gained power, camps and other murder sites. a law was enacted on 14 July 1933 ‘to prevent the birth of offspring with hereditary diseases’. However, Jews were not the only group persecuted Over time, that regulation was used to forcibly by the Nazis. Even before the Second World War sterilise people with mental illnesses and those had begun, they sought to ‘purify’ German society suffering from epilepsy, deafness, blindness and from all ‘racially different’ groups (to which Sinti physical deformities. That group also included and Roma belonged, alongside Jews), as well as alcohol addicts, who were subject forced persons with physical disabilities, mental-health sterilisation. According to estimates, between difficulties and ones considered to be anti-social. 200,000 and 380,000 persons underwent the The last-mentioned group included homosexuals treatment pursuant to that law by 1938. However, and prostitutes and, given their nomadic lifestyle, no attempts were made to murder them before Sinti and Roma. Political opponents (mainly the Second World War. A certain type of exception socialists and communists as well as various and impulse toward adopting such a decision later union and social activists opposed to the Nazis) in the autumn of 1939 was a certain Kretschmar constituted a separate category. -
Lived Experience and the Holocaust: Spaces, Senses and Emotions in Auschwitz
Journal of the British Academy, 9, 27–58 DOI https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/009.027 Posted 15 January 2021 Lived experience and the Holocaust: spaces, senses and emotions in Auschwitz Nikolaus Wachsmann Elie Kedourie Memorial Lecture, read 17 October 2018 Abstract: This article examines lived experience during the Holocaust, focusing on Auschwitz, the most lethal Nazi concentration camp. It draws on spatial history, as well as the history of senses and emotions, to explore subjective being in Auschwitz. The article suggests that a more explicit engagement with individual spaces—prisoner bunks, barracks, latrines, crematoria, construction sites, SS offices—and their emotional and sensory dimension, can reveal elements of lived experience that have remained peripheral on the edges of historical visibility. Such an approach can deepen understanding of Auschwitz, by making the camp more recognisable and by contributing to wider historiographical debates about the nature of Nazi terror. Keywords: Auschwitz, Holocaust, concentration camps, lived experience, spatial history, history of the senses, history of emotions. Note on the author: Nikolaus Wachsmann is Professor for Modern European History at Birkbeck College (University of London), and has written extensively about repression and terror in the Third Reich. His most recent book is KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps (2015, Farrar, Straus and Giroux), which won the Wolfson History Prize, the Mark Lynton History Prize and the Jewish-Quarterly Wingate Literary Prize. © The author(s) 2021. This is an open access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 Unported License 28 Nikolaus Wachsmann ‘Dear reader, I write these words in the moments of my greatest despair.’ So begins a text by Zalmen Gradowski, composed in Auschwitz-Birkenau in spring 1944 and dis- covered after liberation, in a tin near the destroyed crematoria. -
Stanley Milgram's Obedience to Authority Experiments
Stanley Milgram’s Obedience to Authority Experiments: Towards an Understanding of their Relevance in Explaining Aspects of the Nazi Holocaust By Nestar John Charles Russell A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy. Victoria University of Wellington 2009 Although the most common interpretation of Milgram’s findings is that participants did not wish to harm the learner, the motives generated in this paradigm may well have been more mixed or ambivalent in many participants. Unfortunately, the manner in which people actually regard the act of punishing others when they make mistakes . has been virtually ignored in discussions of the obedience research. However . harming is a widely accepted form of child discipline . Most people are hardly unequivocally opposed to the use of physical punishment under absolutely any circumstances. That a majority approve the use of capital punishment in this country [the United States] might serve as another illustration —Miller (2004, pp. 198-199). if humanity can survive the violence of our age, [our descendants] might consider us as late barbarians —Elias (1991, pp. 146-147). ii Abstract Two leading Holocaust historians, Yehuda Bauer and Christopher Browning, have in recent years independently asked how so many ordinary Germans (most of whom in the 1930s had been moderately anti-Semitic) could become by the early 1940s willing murderers of Jews. Social psychologist, Stanley Milgram, had years before been interested in finding answers to similar questions, and to that end in the early 1960s carried out his widely debated “Obedience to Authority” (OTA) experiments at Yale University. -
Download a Pdf Copy of the Publication
In Germany and occupied Austria, people with disabilities were the first to fall victim to National Socialist mass murder, propa- IHRA gated under the euphemistic term of “euthanasia”. For racist and economic reasons they were deemed unfit to live. The means and methods used in these crimes were applied later during the Holocaust— perpetrators of these first murders became experts in the death camps of the so-called “Aktion Reinhardt”. International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (Ed.) Over the course of World War II the National Socialists aimed to exterminate people with disabilities in the occupied territories of Mass Murder of People with Western Europe, and also in Eastern Europe. This publication presents the results of the latest research on Disabilities and the Holocaust these murders in the German occupied territories, as discussed at an IHRA conference held in Bern in November 2017. Edited by Brigitte Bailer and Juliane Wetzel Mass Murder of People with Disabilities and the Holocaust the and Disabilities with People of Murder Mass ISBN: 978-3-86331-459-0 9 783863 314590 us_ihra_band_5_fahne.indd 1 11.02.2019 15:48:10 IHRA series, vol. 5 ihra_5_fahnen Nicole.indd 2 29.01.19 13:43 International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (Ed.) Mass Murder of People with Disabilities and the Holocaust Edited by Brigitte Bailer and Juliane Wetzel ihra_5_fahnen Nicole.indd 3 29.01.19 13:43 With warm thanks to Toby Axelrod for her thorough and thoughtful proofreading of this publication, and Laura Robertson from the Perma- nent Oce of IHRA for her support during the publication procedure. ISBN: 978-3-86331-459-0 ISBN (E-Book): 978-3-86331-907-6 © 2019 Metropol Verlag + IHRA Ansbacher Straße 70 10777 Berlin www.metropol-verlag.de Alle Rechte vorbehalten Druck: buchdruckerei.de, Berlin ihra_5_fahnen Nicole.indd 4 29.01.19 13:43 Content Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust ..........................................