3. Recruiting European Judges in the Age of Judicial Self-Government

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Table of Contents

1. Beyond Judicial Councils: Forms, Rationales and Impact of Judicial Self-Governance in Europe . - 3 - 2. The Motivations of Individual Judges ...... - 10 - 3. Recruiting European judges in the age of judicial self-government ...... - 14 - 4. Court Presidents: The Missing Piece in the Puzzle of Judicial Governance ...... - 22 - 5. The Failed Expectations: Does the Establishment of Judicial Councils Enhance Confidence in Courts? ...... - 33 - 6. Court of Justice of the European Union ...... - 40 - 7. The Judicial Self-Government at the International Level – A New Research Agenda ...... - 46 - 8. European Court of Human Rights ...... - 52 - 9. Germany ...... - 58 - 10. Czech Republic ...... - 65 - 11. France ...... - 68 - 12. Ireland...... - 71 - 13. Spain ...... - 76 - 14. Italy ...... - 81 - 15. Netherlands ...... - 84 - 16. Poland ...... - 90 - 17. Romania ...... - 94 - 18. Slovak Republic ...... - 98 - 19. Slovenia ...... - 103 - 20. Turkey ...... - 110 -

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1. Beyond Judicial Councils: Forms, Rationales and Impact of Judicial Self-Governance in Europe

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Mak, Elaine. 2018. “Judicial Self-Government in the Netherlands: Demarcating Autonomy”. German Law Journal, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 1801–1838. Markova, Ivana (ed.). 2004. Trust and Democratic Transition in Post-Communist Europe. New York, NY: Oxford UP.

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Public Service and Trust Commission. 2008. “Strategic Plan for the Judicial Branch”. Available online at: https://www.jud.ct.gov/Committees/pst/StrategicPlan.pdf.

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Śledzińska-Simon, Anna. 2018. “The Rise and Fall of Judicial Self-Governement in Poland: On Judicial Reform Reversing Transition”. German Law Journal, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 1839–1870.

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The European Network of Councils for the Judiciary (ENCJ): ENCJ Project Team. 2011. “Councils for the Judiciary Report 2010-2011”. Available online at: https://www.encj.eu/images/stories/pdf/workinggroups/report_project_team_councils_for _the_judiciary_2010_2011.pdf.

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The Judicial Integrity Group. 2007. “Commentary on Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct”. Available online at: https://rm.coe.int/168066d6b9.

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Twenge, Jean M.; Campbell, W. Keith and Carter, Nathan T. 2014. “Declines in Trust in Others and Confidence in Institutions Among American Adults and Late Adolescents, 1972–2012”. Psychological Science, Vol. 25, No. 10, pp. 1914–1923.

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United States Courts. 2015. “Enhancing Public Understanding, Trust, and Confidence”. Available online at: http://www.uscourts.gov/statistics-reports/issue-7-enhancing-public- understanding-trust-and-confidence.

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Van de Walle, Steven and Bouckaert, Geert. 2003. “Public Service Performance and Trust in Government: The Problem of Causality”. International Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 29, Nos. 8-9, pp. 891–913.

Vauchez, Antoine. 2018. “The Ever Protracted Rise of Judicial Self-Government in France”. German Law Journal, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 1613–1640.

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6. Court of Justice of the European Union

Alemanno, Alberto and Pech, Laurent. 2017. “Thinking Justice Outside the Docket: A Critical Assessment of the Reform of the EU’s Court System”. Common Market Law Review, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 1–48.

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Björnsson, Thorbjörn and Shany, Yuval. 2014. “The Court of Justice of the European Union”. In Yuval Shany (ed.). Assessing the Effectiveness of International Courts. New York, NY: Oxford UP, pp. 277–306.

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Claus, Lauranne; Rutten, Stefan; Popelier, Patricia; Hubeau, Bernard; Rataj, Primož and Strban, Grega. 2017. Best practice guide for managing Supreme Courts. Available online at:

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Haltern, Ulrich R. and Bergmann, Andreas. 2012. “Einleitung: Der EuGH in der Kritik”. In Ulrich R. Haltern and Andreas Bergmann (eds.). Der EuGH in der Kritik. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck GmbH.

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L’Huillier, Jean. 1953. “Une conquête du droit administratif français: Le contentieux de la Communauté européenne du charbon et de l’acier”. Recueil Dalloz, Vol. 13, pp. 63–66.

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Quartremer, Jean. 2015. “Copinage et clientélisme à la Cour de justice européenne”. Libération: Coulisses de Bruxelles. Available online at: http://bruxelles.blogs.liberation.fr/2015/06/08/copinage-et-clientelisme-la-cour-de-justice- europeenne/.

Quatremer, Jean. 2015. “UE Le superjuge frôle le hors-jeu”. Libération. Available online at: http://www.liberation.fr/planete/2015/06/05/ue-le-superjuge-frole-le-hors-jeu_1323970.

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Richemont, Jean de. 1954. La Cour de Justice. Code annoté. Guide pratique. Paris: Librairie du Journal des notaires et des avocats.

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Robinson, Duncan. 2015. “The 1st rule of ECJ fight club…is about to be broken”. Financial Times: Brussels Blog. Available online at: http://blogs.ft.com/brusselsblog/2015/04/27/the- 1st-rule-of-ecj-flight-club-is-about-to-be-broken.

Seytre, Dominique. 2013. “Pour une liste de juges retardaires?” Le Jeudi. Available online at: http://jeudi.lu/pour-une-liste-de-juges-retardataires/.

Sharpston, Eleanor. 2014. “Making the Court of Justice of the European Union More Productive”., Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 763– 770.

Skouris, Vassilios. 2007. “Höchste Gerichte an ihren Grenzen – Bemerkungen aus der Perspektive des Gerichtshofes der Europäischen Gemeinschaften”. In Rainer Grote, Ines Härtel, Karl-E. Hain, Thorsten I. Schmidt, Thomas Schmitz, Gunnar F. Schuppert and Christian Winterhoff. Die Ordnung der Freiheit. Festschrift für Christian Starck zum siebzigsten Geburtstag. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck GmbH, pp. 991–1003.

Stone Sweet, Alec. 2010. “The European Court of Justice and the Judicialization of EU Governance”. Living Reviews in EU Governance, pp. 1–53. Available online at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1583345.

Torres Pérez, Aida. 2015. “Can Judicial Selection Secure Judicial Independence?: Constraining State Governments in Selecting International Judges”. In Michal Bobek (ed.). Selecting Europe’s Judges: A Critical Review of the Appointment Procedures to the European Courts. Oxford: Oxford UP, pp. 181–201. van der Woude, Marc. 2016. “Towards a European Council of the Judiciary: Some Reflections on the Administration of the EU Courts”. In Flora A. N. J. Goudappel and Ernst M. H. Hirsch Ballin (eds.). Democracy and Rule of Law in the European Union -Essays in Honour of Japp W. de Zwaan. Hague: T.M.C. ASSER PRESS, pp. 63–80.

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7. The Judicial Self-Government at the International Level – A New Research Agenda

Abbott, Kenneth W.; Keohane, Robert O.; Moravcsik, Andrew; Slaughter, Anne-Marie and Snidal, Duncan. 2000. “The Concept of Legalization”. International Organization, Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 401–419.

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Alter, Karen J. 2008. “Agents or Trustees? International Courts in their Political Context”. European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 14, Issue 1, pp. 33–63.

Alter, Karen J.; Helfer, Laurence R. and McAllister, Jacqueline R. 2013. “A New International Human Rights Court For West Africa: The ECOWAS Community Court of Justice”. The American Journal of Internaional Law, Vol. 107, No. 4, pp. 737–779.

Alter, Karen J. 2014. The New Terrain of International Law: Courts, Politics, Rights. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP.

Alter, Karen J.; Gathii, James T. and Helfer, Laurence R. 2016. “Backlash against International Courts in West, East and Southern Africa: Causes and Consequences”. European Journal of International Law, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 293–328.

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Bobek, Michal. 2015. “Epilogue: Searching for the European Hercules”. In Michal Bobek (ed.). Selecting Europe’s Judges: A Critical Review of the Appointment Procedures to the European Courts. Oxford: Oxford UP, pp. 279–309.

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De Baere, Geert; Chané, Anna-Luise and Wouters, Jan. 2015. “Assessing the Contribution of the International Judiciary to the Rulo of Law: Elements of a Roadmap”. Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies, Working paper No. 157. Available online at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2704266.

Dumbrovský, Tomáš; Petkova, Bilyana and Van der Sluis, Marijn. 2014. “Judicial appointments: The Article 255 TFEU Advisory Panel and selection procedures in the Member States”. Common Market Law Review, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 455–482.

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Engel, Norbert Paul. 2012. “More Transparency and Governmental Loyalty for Maintaining Professional Quality in the Election of Judges to the European Court of Human Rights”. Human Rights Law Journal, Vol. 32, No. 7, pp. 448– 455.

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Fyrnys, Markus. 2011. “Expanding Competences by Judicial Lawmaking: The Pilot Judgment Procedure of the European Court of Human Rights”. German Law Journal, Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 1231–1259.

Golden, Jeffrey. “National Groups and the Nomination of Judges of the International Court of Justice: A Preliminary Report”. The International Lawyer, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 333–349.

Hawkins, Darren G.; Lake, David A.; Nielson, Daniel L. and Tierney, Michael J. 2006. “Delegation under Anarchy: States, International Organizations and Principal–Agent Theory”. In Darren G. Hawkings, David A. Lake, Daniel L. Nielson and Michael J. Tierney (eds.). Delegation and Agency in International Organizations. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, pp. 3–38.

Howse, Robert. 2009. “Moving the WTO Forward-One Case at a Time”. Cornell International Law Journal, Vol. 42, Issue 2, pp. 223–231.

Huneeus, Alexandra. 2011. “Courts Resisting Courts: Lessons from the Inter-American Court’s Struggle to Enforce Human Rights”. Cornell International Law Journal, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 101– 155.

Ingadottir, Thordis. 2002 “The International Criminal Court, Nomination and Election of Judges”. PICT Discussion paper, No. 4, June 2002. Available online at: http://www.pict- pcti.org/publications/ICC_paprs/election.pdf.

International Criminal Court. 2011. “Resolution Strengthening the International Criminal Court and the Assembly of States Parties”. ICC-ASP/10/Res.5. December 21, 2011. Available online at: https://asp.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/asp10/resolutions/icc-asp-10-res.5-eng.pdf.

Keller, Helen and Meier, Severin. 2017. “Independence and Impartiality in the Judicial Trilemma”. AJIL Unbound, Vol. 111, pp. 344-348.

Koop, Christel and Hanretty, Chris. 2018. “Political Independence, Accountability, and the Quality of Regulatory Decision-Making”. Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 51, Issue 1, pp. 38– 75.

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Kosař, David. 2015. “Selecting Strasbourg Judges: A Critique”. In Michal Bobek (ed.). Selecting Europe’s Judges: A Critical Review of the Appointment Procedures to the European Courts. Oxford: Oxford UP, pp. 120–161.

Kosař, David. 2018. “Beyond Judicial Councils: Forms, Rationales and Impact of Judicial Self Governance in Europe”. German Law Journal, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 1567–1612.

Kuyper, Jonathan W. and Squatrito, Theresa. 2017. “International courts and global democratic values: Participation, accountability, and justification”. Review of International Studies, Vol. 43, Issue 1, pp. 152–176.

Leach, Philip and Donald, Alice. 2018. “A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing: Why the Draft Copenhagen Declaration Must be Rewritten”. EJIL: Talk!, February 21, 2018. Available online at: https://www.ejiltalk.org/a-wolf-in-sheeps-clothing-why-the-draft-copenhagen-declarat.

Lemmens, Koen. 2015. “(S)electing Judges for Strasbourg: A (Dis)appointing Process?”. In Michal Bobek (ed.). Selecting Europe’s Judges: A Critical Review of the Appointment Procedures to the European Courts. Oxford: Oxford UP, pp. 95–119.

Limbach, Jutta; Villalón, Pedro Cruz; Errera, Roger; Lester, Anthony Paul; Morschtschakowa, Tamara; Sedley, Stephen and Zoll, Andrzej. 2003. Judicial Independence: Law and Practice of Appointments to the European Court of Human Rights. Interights. Available online at: http://www.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/32795.pdf.

Lord Mance. 2011. “The Composition of the European Court of Justice”. United Kingdom Association for European Law. October 19, 2011. Available online at: https://www.supremecourt.uk/docs/speech_111019.pdf.

Mahoney, Paul. 2008. “The International Judiciary – Independence and Accountability”. The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, Vol. 7, pp. 313–349.

Martinez, Jenny S. 2003. “Towards International Judicial System”. Stanford Law Review, Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 429–529.

Mackenzie, Ruth; Malleson, Kate; Martin, Penny; and Sands, Philippe. 2010. Selecting International Judges: Principle, Process, and Politics. Oxford: Oxford UP.

Maharajh, Andrew N. 2014. “Caribbean Court of Justice: A Horizontally and Vertically Comparative Study of the Caribbean’s First Independent and Interdependent Court”. Cornell International Law Journal, Vol. 47, Issue 3, pp. 735–766.

Mahoney, Paul. 2008. “The International Judiciary – Independence and Accountability”. The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, Vol. 7, pp. 313–349.

Malleson, Kate. 2009. “Promoting Judicial Independence in the Internation Courts: Lessons from the Caribbean”. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 58, Issue 3, pp. 671– 687.

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Official Journal of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). “Decision A/Dec.2/06/06 Establishing the Judicial Council of the Community”. June 14, 2006. Available online at: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/bitstream/handle/123456789/7603/OJ- 49.pdf?sequence=1.

Official Journal of the European Union. 2004. “Council Decision of 2 November 2004 establishing European Union Civil Service Tribunal (2004/752/EC, Euratom)”. L 333/7. November 9, 2004. Available online at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32004D0752.

Panel Provided for by Article 255 of the TFEU. 2013. “Third Activity Report of the Panel provided for by Article 255 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union”. SN 1118/2014. December 13, 2013. Available online at: https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2014-02/rapport-c-255-en.pdf.

Peers, Steve. 2012. “Sanctions for Infringement of EU Law after the Treaty of Lisbon”. European Public Law, Vol. 18, Issue 1, pp. 33–64.

Popova, Maria. 2012. Politicized Justice in Emerging Democracies: A study of Courts in Russia and Ukraine. New York, NY: Cambridge UP.

Rask Madsen, Mikael; Cebulak, Pola and Wiebusch, Micha. 2018. “Backlash against international courts: explaining the forms and patterns of resistance to international courts”. International Journal of Law in Context, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 197–220.

Romano, Cesare P. R.; Alter, Karen J. and Shany, Yuval. 2013. “Mapping International Adjudicative Bodies, the Issues and Players”. In Cesare P. R. Romano; Karen J. Alter; and Yuval Shany (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of International Adjudication. Oxford: Oxford UP, pp. 3– 26.

Romano, Cesare P. R.; Alter, Karen J. and Shany, Yuval (eds.). 2014. The Oxford Handbook of International Adjudication. Oxford: Oxford UP.

Rwelamira, Medard R. 1999. “Composition and Administration of the Court”. In Roy S. Lee (ed.). The International Criminal Court: The Making of the Rome Statue, Issues, Negotiations, Results. Hague: Kluwer Law International, pp. 153–174.

Sauvé, Jean-Marc. 2015. “Selecting the European Union’s Judges: The Practice of the Article 255 Panel”. In Michal Bobek (ed.). Selecting Europe’s Judges: A Critical Review of the Appointment Procedures to the European Courts. Oxford: Oxford UP, pp. 78–85.

Shany, Yuval. 2009. “No Longer a Weak Department of Power? Reflections on the Emergence of a New International Judiciaty”. European Journal of International Law, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 73–91.

Shany, Yuval. 2014. Assessing the Effectiveness of International Courts. Oxford: Oxford UP.

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Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 2003. “A Global Community of Courts”. Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 44, No.1, pp. 191–219.

Slaughter, Anne-Marie and Helfer, Laurence R. 2005. “Why States Create International Tribunals: A Response to Professors Posner and Yoo”. California Law Review, Vol. 93, pp. 899– 956.

Squatrito, Theresa. 2017. “Resourcing Global Justice: The Resource Management Design of International Courts”. Global Policy, Vol. 8, Issue S5, pp. 62–74.

Squatrito, Theresa. 2018. “Conceptualizing, Measuring and Mapping the Formal Judicial Independence of International Courts”. SSRN Electronic Journal, pp. 1–29. Available online at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3131557.

Terris, Daniel; Romano, Cesare P. R. and Swigart, Leigh. 2007. The International Judge: An Introduction to the Men and Women Who Decide the World’s Cases. Oxford: Oxford UP.

Terris, Daniel; Romano, Cesare P. R. and Swigart, Leigh. 2008. “Toward a Community of Internaional Judges”. Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review, Vol. 30, Issue 3, pp. 419–472.

United Nations. 2016. “Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Rome, 17 July, 1998. Burundi: Withdrawal”. October 28, 2016. Available online at: https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2016/CN.805.2016-Eng.pdf.

Voeten, Erik. 2009. “The Politics of International Judicial Appointments”. Chicago Journal of International Law, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 387–405.

Weiler, Joseph H. H. 1991. “The Transformation of Europe”. The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 100, No. 8, pp. 2403–2483.

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8. European Court of Human Rights

Advisory Panel of Experts on Candidates for Election as Judge to the European Court of Human Rights. 2013. “Final activity report for the attention of the Committee of Ministers”. Advisory Panel(2013)12EN. Available online at: https://dm.coe.int/CED20140017598.

Advisory Panel of Experts on Candidates for Election as Judge to the European Court of Human Rights. 2016. “Second activity report for the attention of the Committee of Ministers”. Advisory Panel(2016)1. Available online at: https://rm.coe.int/168066db65.

Advisory Panel of Experts on Candidates for Election as Judge to the European Court of Human Rights. 2017. “Third activity report for the attention of the Committee of Ministers”. Advisory Panel(2017)2. Available online at: https://rm.coe.int/en-3rd-activity-report/168074f0ad.

Arnardóttir, Oddný Mjöll. 2016. “Rethinking the Two Margins of Appreciation”. European Constitutional Law Review, Vol. 12, Issue 1, pp. 27–53.

Bellamy, Richard. 2014. “The Democratic Legitimacy of International Human Rights Conventions: Political Constitutionalism and the European Convention on Human Rights”. European Journal of International Law, Vol. 25, Issue 4, pp. 1019–1042.

Berger, Vincent. 2013. “Jurisconsult of the Court (2006 - 2013)”. Berger Avocat. Available online at: http://www.berger-avocat.eu/en/echr/jurisconsult.html.

Council of Europe. 2004. “Protocol No.14 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Amending the Control System of the Convention”. Available online at: https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Library_Collection_P14_ETS194E_ENG.pdf.

Council of Europe. 2009. “Speech at Zagreb University by Jean-Paul COSTA, President of the European Court of Human Rights, 30 March 2009”. Available online at: https://www.usud.hr/sites/default/files/dokumenti/President_Costas_Speech_given_at_the _Zagreb_Faculty_of_Law_on_30_May_2009.pdf.

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Council of Europe. 2018. “The Copenhagen Declaration on the reform of the European Convention on Human Rights system”. Available online at: https://rm.coe.int/copenhagen- declaration/16807b915c.

Council of Europe: Committee of Ministers. 2012. “Resolution 2012 (40). Guidelines of the Committee of Ministers on the selection of candidates for the post of judge at the European Court of Human Rights”. Available online at: https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details.aspx?ObjectId=09000016805cb1ac.

Council of Europe: High Level Conference on the Future of the European Court of Human Rights. 2010. “Interlaken Declaration, 19. February 2010”. Available online at: https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/2010_Interlaken_FinalDeclaration_ENG.pdf.

Council of Europe: Steering Committee for Human Rights (CDDH). 2013. “Ministers’ Deputies Exchange of Views with Mr. Luzius Wildhaber, Chairman of the Advisory Panel of Experts on Candidates for Election as Judge to the European Court of Human Rights”. DH-GDR (2013)005.

Council of Europe: Steering Committee for Human Rights (CDDH). 2013. “CDDH report on the review of the functioning of the Advisory Panel of experts on candidates for election as judge to the European Court of Human Rights”. CDDH(2013)R79 Addendum II. Available online at: https://rm.coe.int/168045fe14.

Council of Europe: Steering Committee for Human Rights (CDDH). 2015. “Draft CDDH Report on the longer-term future of the system of the European Court of Human Rights”. DH- GDR(2015)R9. Available online at: https://rm.coe.int/1680654d5f.

Council of Europe: Steering Committee for Human Rights (CDDH): Committee of Experts on the System of the European Convention on Human Rights. 2017. “Draft Report on the process of selection and election of judges of the European Court of Human Rights”. DH-SYSC(2017)R4 Addendum. Available online at: https://rm.coe.int/-draft-report-on-the-process-of-selection- and-election-of-judges-of-th/1680767b5a.

Donald, Alison and Leach, Phillip. 2018. “3 steps to save the European Court of Human Rights”. Middlesex University London. Available online at: https://mdxminds.com/2018/01/16/how- to-save-the-european-court-of-human-rights-in-3-steps/.

Drzemczewski, Andrew. 2015. “The Parliamentary Assembly’s Committee on the Election of Judges to the European Court of Human Rights”. Human Rights Law Journal, Vol. 35, pp. 269– 274.

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Dunoff, Jeffrey L. and Pollack, Mark A. 2017. “The Judicial Trilemma”. American Journal of International Law, Vol. 111, Issue 2, pp. 225–276.

European Court of Human Rights. 2008. “Resolution on Judicial Ethics”. Available online at: http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Resolution_Judicial_Ethics_ENG.pdf.

European Court of Human Rights. 2011. “The general practice followed by the panel of the Grand Chamber when deciding on requests for referral in accordance with Article 43 of the Convention”. Available online at: http://echr.coe.int/Documents/Note_GC_ENG.pdf.

European Court of Human Rights. 2012. “High Level Conference on the Future of the European Court of Human Rights: Brighton Declaration”. Available online at: http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/2012_Brighton_FinalDeclaration_ENG.pdf.

European Court of Human Rights. 2017. “Contribution from the Court regarding certain issues under consideration as part of the follow-up to the report of the CDDH on the longer-term future of the Convention system”. Available online at: https://rm.coe.int/steering-committee- for-human-rights-cddh-committee-of-experts-on-the-s/168071442e.

European Court of Human Rights. 2017. “List of Single Judges appointed by the President under Rule 27A of the Rules of Court”. Available online at: http://echr.coe.int/Documents/List_single_judges_BIL.pdf.

European Court of Human Rights. 2017. “Analysis of Statistics 2016”. Available online at: http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Stats_analysis_2016_ENG.pdf.

European Court of Human Rights. 2018. “Judges of the Court”. Available online at: https://www.echr.coe.int/Pages/home.aspx?p=court/judges&c=.

European Court of Human Rights. 2018. “Rules of Court”. Available online at: https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Rules_Court_ENG.pdf.

Fribergh, Erik and Liddell, Roderick. “The Interlaken Process and the Jurisconsult”. Available online at: http://www.berger-avocat.eu/the_interlaken_process_and_jurisconsult.pdf.

Keller, Helen and Meier, Severin. 2017. “Independence and Impartiality in the Judicial Trilemma”. AJIL Unbound, Vol. 111, pp. 344-348.

Lavrysen, Laurens. 2017. “Bayev and Others v. Russia: on Judge Dedov’s outrageously homophobic dissent”. Strasbourg Observers. Available online at:

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Lemmens, Koen. 2015. “(S)electing Judges for Strasbourg A (Dis)appointing Process?” In Michal Bobek (ed.). Selecting Europe’s Judges: A Critical Review of the Appointment Procedures to the European Courts. Oxford: Oxford UP, pp. 95–119.

Limbach, Jutta; Villalón, Pedro Cruz; Errera, Roger; Lord Lester of Herne Hill; Morschtschakowa, Tamara; Lord Justice Sedley and Zoll, Andrzej. 2003. Judicial Independence: Law and Practice of Appointments to the European Court of Human Rights. Available online at: http://www.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/32795.pdf.

Open Society Justice Initiative. 2017. “Strengthening from Within: Law and Practice in the Selection of Human Rights Judges and Commissioners”. Available online at: https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Universal-Strengthening-from-Within- Publications-Reports-2017-ENG.pdf.

Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 1996. “Resolution 1082 (1996). Procedure for examining candidatures for the election of judges to the European Court of Human Rights”. Available online at: http://semantic- pace.net/tools/pdf.aspx?doc=aHR0cDovL2Fzc2VtYmx5LmNvZS5pbnQvbncveG1sL1hSZWYvW DJILURXLWV4dHIuYXNwP2ZpbGVpZD0xNjQ5MyZsYW5nPUVO&xsl=aHR0cDovL3NlbWFudGlj cGFjZS5uZXQvWHNsdC9QZGYvWFJlZi1XRC1BVC1YTUwyUERGLnhzbA==&xsltparams=ZmlsZ WlkPTE2NDkz.

Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 1999. “Recommendation 1429 (1999). National procedures for nominating candidates for election to the European Court of Human Rights”. Available online at: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML- en.asp?fileid=16755&lang=en.

Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 2004. “Recommendation 1649 (2004). Candidates for the European Court of Human Rights”. Available online at: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/xref/xref-xml2html-en.asp?fileid=17193&lang=en.

Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 2009. “Resolution 1646 (2009). Nomination of candidates and election of judges to the European Court of Human Rights”. Available online at: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=17704&lang=en.

Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 2010. “Letter from Mr Jean-Paul Costa, President of the European Court of Human Rights, addressed to member states’ Permanent Representatives (Ambassadors) on 9 June 2010”. Available online at: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=12764&lang=en.

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Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 2013. “Resolution 1914 (2013). Ensuring the viability of the Strasbourg Court: structural deficiencies in States Parties”. Available online at: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=19396&lang=en.

Parliamentary Assembly Council of Europe. 2014. “Resolution 2002 (2014). Evaluation of the implementation of the reform of the Parliamentary Assembly”. Available online at: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=21049&lang=en.

Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 2016. “Election of Judges to the European Court of Human Rights: Progress Report”. Available online at: http://semantic- pace.net/tools/pdf.aspx?doc=aHR0cDovL2Fzc2VtYmx5LmNvZS5pbnQvbncveG1sL1hSZWYvW DJILURXLWV4dHIuYXNwP2ZpbGVpZD0yMzAzOCZsYW5nPUVO&xsl=aHR0cDovL3NlbWFudGlj cGFjZS5uZXQvWHNsdC9QZGYvWFJlZi1XRC1BVC1YTUwyUERGLnhzbA==&xsltparams=ZmlsZ WlkPTIzMDM4.

Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 2018. “Committee on the Election of Judges to the European Court of Human Rights”. Available online at: http://www.assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/AssemblyList/AL-XML2HTML- EN.asp?lang=en&XmlID=Committee-Cdh.

Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 2018. “Election of Judges to the European Court of Human Rights - tables of progress by Contracting Party”. Available online at: http://website-pace.net/documents/1653355/1653736/TableForthcomingJudgesElections- EN.pdf/775de55c-67b8-4f46-befd-1063dca1b5e0.

Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe: Committee on the Election of Judges to the European Court of Human Rights. 2017. “Procedure for electing judges to the European Court of Human Rights, Information document prepared by the Secretariat”. Available online at: http://website-pace.net/documents/1653355/1653736/ProcedureElectionJudges- EN.pdf/e4472144-64bc-4926-928c-47ae9c1ea45e.

Petkova, Bilyana. 2015. “Spillovers in Selecting Europe’s Judges Will the Criterion of Gender Equality Make it to Luxembourg?” In Michal Bobek (ed.). Selecting Europe’s Judges: A Critical Review of the Appointment Procedures to the European Courts. Oxford: Oxford UP, pp. 222– 243.

Pop, Valentina. 2011. “Strasbourg backs Romanian judge in jewellery-for-verdicts case”. EU Observer. Available online at: https://euobserver.com/justice/114006.

Rask Madsen, Mikael. 2015. “The Legitimization Strategies of International Judges: The Case of the European Court of Human Rights”. In Michal Bobek (ed.). Selecting Europe’s Judges: A Critical Review of the Appointment Procedures to the European Courts. Oxford: Oxford UP, pp. 259–278.

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Rask Madsen, Mikael. 2016. “The Challenging Authority of the European Court of Human Rights: From Cold War Legal Diplomacy to the Brighton Declaration and Backlash”. Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 79, pp. 141–178.

Rask Madsen, Mikael. 2017. “Rebalancing European Human Rights: Has the Brighton Declaration Engendered a New Deal on Human Rights in Europe?” Journal of International Dispute Settlement, (forthcoming).

Voeten, Erik. 2008. “The Impartiality of International Judges: Evidence from the European Court of Human Rights”. American Political Science Review, Vol. 102, No. 4, pp. 417–433.

Voeten, Erik. 2012. “Does a Professional Judiciary Induce More Compliance?: Evidence from the European Court of Human Rights”. Available online at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2029786.

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9. Germany

Albrecht, Peter-Alexis. 2014. “Safety mechanisms for the autonomy and independence of the judiciary”. Kritische Vierteljahresschrift für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft, Vol. 97, No. 4, pp. 420–449.

Bell, John. 2006. Judiciaries within Europe. A Comparative Review. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Berlit, Uwe. 2015. “eJustice, eAkte und Richterschaft”. Betrifft Justiz, No. 121, March 2015, pp. 15–26.

Boettcher, Hans-Ernst. 2009. “Away from Napoleonic and Wilhelminian Models, to a democratic Organisation of the Courts in Germany”. In Peter-Alexis Albrecht and John Thomas (eds.). Strengthen the Judiciary’s Independence in Europe. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts- Verlag, pp. 111–115. Bohlander, Michael. 1992. ““United We Stand …”: The Judiciary in East Germany after the Unification”. Anglo-American Law Review, Vol. 21, pp. 415–424.

Boyne, Shawn Marie. 2014. The German Prosecution Service. Guardians of the Law? Heidelberg: Springer.

Breuer, Marten. 2011. Staatshaftung für judikatives Unrecht. Eine Untersuchung zum deutschen Recht, zum Europa- und Völkerrecht. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck GmbH.

Bundesgerichtshof. 1988. “BGH, 16-09-1987 - RiZ (R) 5/87: Beeinträchtigung der richterlichen Unabhängigkeit”. Neue Juristische Wochenschrift, Vol. 41 No. 7, pp. 421–423.

Bundesgerichtshof. 2003. “BGH , 25. 9. 2002 - RiZ(R) 2/01 : Zugang des Richters zum Dienstzimmer außerhalb der Bürozeiten - richterliche Unabhängigkeit”.Neue Juristische Wochenschrift, Vol. 56m No. 4, p. 282.

Bundesgerichtshof. 2010. “BGH, 24. 6. 2009 - 1 StR 201/09: Rechtsbeugung durch Entscheidung über Unterbringungsmaßnahmen ohne Anhörung”. Neue Zeitschrift für Strafrecht, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 92–93.

Bundesgerichtshof. 2013. “BGH, 31. 5. 2012 - 2 StR 610/11: Rechtsbeugung durch übereifrigen Strafrichter”. Neue Zeitschrift für Strafrecht, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 106–107.

Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz. 2017. “German Civil Code BGB”. Available online at: http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_bgb/englisch_bgb.html.

Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz. 2017. “Courts Constitutional Act GVG”. Available online at: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gvg/index.html.

Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz. 2017. “Translation of the German Criminal Code provided by Prof. Dr. Michael Bohlander”. Available online at: http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_stgb/englisch_stgb.html.

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Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz. 2018. “The German Judiciary Act”. Available online at: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_drig/index.html.

Bundesverfassungsgericht. 2018. “BVerfG, 09.03.2018 - 2 BvR 174/18: Fehlende Rechtswegerschöpfung nach Zurückverweisung der Sache an Berufungsgericht”. Neue Juristische Wochenschrift, Vol. 71, No. 21, pp. 1532–1533. Cebulla, Mario and Kannenberg, Werner K. 2012. Selbstverwaltung der Judikative. Die Gesetzentwürfe der Neuen Richtervereinigung. Berlin: Steinbecker.

Clark, David S. 1988. “The Selection and Accountability of Judges in West Germany. Implementation of a Rechtsstaat”. Southern California Law Review, Vol. 61, pp. 1795–1847.

Darnstädt, Thomas. 2013. Der Richter und sein Opfer. Munich: Piper.

Das Statistik-Portal. 2018. “Wie sehr vertrauen Sie der Justiz bzw. dem deutschen Rechtssystem?” Available online at: https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/153813/umfrage/allgemeines-vertrauen-in- die-justiz-und-das-rechtssystem/.

Das Statistik-Portal. 2019. “ Wie groß ist Ihr Vertrauen in das Bundesverfassungsgericht?”. Available online at: https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/176867/umfrage/vertrauen-in-das- bundesverfassungsgericht/.

Debusmann, Gero. 2003. “Drum prüfe, wer sich ewig bindet: Einstellungsverfahren für junge Richter im Bezirk des OLG Hamm”. Deutsche Richterzeitung, pp. 263–266.

Degenhart, Christoph. 2007. “Gerichtsorganisation”. In Josef Isensee and Paul Kirchhof (eds.). Handbuch des Staatsrechts der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 3rd ed. Heidelberg: C.F. Müller.

Dietrich, Thorsten. 2007. Richterwahlausschüsse und demokratische Legitimation. Berlin: Peter Lang.

Dixon, Rosalind. 2011. “Constitutional amendment rules: a comparative perspective”. In Tom Ginsburg and Rosalind Dixon (eds.). Comparative Constitutional Law. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Dreier, Horst. 2000. “Verantwortung im demokratischen Verfassungsstaat”. In Ulfrid Neumann and Lorenz Schulz (eds.). Verantwortung in Recht und Moral. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, pp. 9–38.

Dyrchs, Peter; Frey, Walter; Metzen, Peter; Napierala,Reiner and Rausch, Hans. 2007. “Case assignment in German courts: North-Rhine Westphalia”. In Philip M. Langbroek and Marco Fabri (eds.). The Right Judge for Each Case. A study of case assignment and impartiality in six European judiciaries. Antwerp: Intersentia.

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Ehlers, Dirk. 2013. “Verantwortung im öffentlichen Recht”. Die Verwaltung, Vol. 46, Issue 4, pp. 467–491.

Faissner, Lea C. 2018. Die Gerichtsverwaltung der ordentlichen Gerichtsbarkeit in Frankreich und Deutschland: Ein Rechtsvergleich. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. Frank, Christoph. 2008. “Selbstverwaltung der Justiz: Ein Modell auch für Deutschland”. Kritische Vierteljahresschrift für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft, Vol. 91, No. 4, pp. 405–409. Frank, Chrostoph. 2009. “Judicial Self-governance: A Role Model for Germany”. In Peter-Alexis Albrecht and John Thomas (eds.). Strengthen the Judiciary’s Independence in Europe. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, pp. 97–102.

Gärditz, Klaus F. 2011. “Richterwahlausschüsse für Richter im Landesdienst. Funktion, Organisation, Verfahren und Rechtsschutz”. Zeitschrift für Beamtenrecht, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 109–119.

Gärditz, Klaus F. 2016. “Anmerkung zum Beschluss des Zweiten Senats des BVerfG vom 20.9.2016, – 2 BvR 2453/15”. Neue Juristische Wochenschrift.

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Hecker, Bernd. 2012. “BGH, 31.05.2012 - 2 StR 610/11: Strafrecht BT: Rechtsbeugung”. Juristische Schulung, Vol. 52, No. 11, pp. 1042–1044.

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Kirchhoff, Guido. 2014. “Kein-Urteil-Schelte”. Betrifft Justiz, pp. 102–104.

Kirchhoff, Guido. 2018. “Böswillige Vernichtung einer Existenz”. Betrifft Justiz, Vol. 34, No. 133, pp. 40–41.

Kniffka, Ralf. 1981. “Das Ansehen der Justiz in der Öffentlichkeit”. Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 225–240.

Köcher, Renate. 2014. “Im Namen des Volkes”. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, August 28, 2014. Available online at: https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/allensbach-analyse-im- namen-des-volkes-13106492.html.

Korioth, Stefan. 2006. “Legal Education in Germany Today”. Wisconsin International Law Journal, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 85–107.

Kreth, Elisabeth. 2013. “Steter Tropfen höhlt den Stein”. Deutsche Richterzeitung, pp. 236– 239.

Langbroek, Philip M. and Westenberg, Mirjam. 2018. Court Administration and Quality Work in Judiciaries in Four European Countries. Baden-Baden/Bern/Vienna: Nomos Verlagsges.

Lange, Elmar and Luhmann, Niklas. 1974. “Juristen – Berufswahl und Karrieren”. Verwaltungsarchiv, Vol. 65, pp. 113–165.

Lehmann, Jens. 2006. “Der Rechtsbeugungsvorsatz nach den neueren Entscheidungen des BGH”. Neue Zeitschrift für Strafrecht, Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 127–131.

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Machura, Stefan. 2016. “Understanding the German Mixed Tribunal”. Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 273–302.

Mackenroth, Geert. 2009. “Selbstverwaltung der Justiz – Zwischenbilanz in Frageform”. Deutsche Richterzeitung, pp. 79–84.

Minkner, Martin. 2015. Die Gerichtsverwaltung in Deutschland und Italien: Demokratischer versus technische Legitimation. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Möllers, Christoph. 2015. The Three Branches: A Comparative Model of the Separation of Powers. Oxford: Oxford UP.

Olowofoyeku, Abimbola A. 1993. Suing judges. A study of judicial immunity. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Piana, Daniela; Langbroek, Philip; Berkmanas, Tomas; Hammerslev, Ole and Pacurari, Otilia (eds.). 2013. Legal education and judicial training in Europe: The Menu for Justice Project Report. The Hague: Eleven International Publishing.

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Riedel, Johannes. 2013. “Training and Recruitment of Judges in Germany”. International Journal for Court Administration, Vol. 5, No. 2.

Riedel, Johannes. 2014. “Individual Evaluation of Judges in Germany”. Onati Socio-Legal Series, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 974–992.

Robbers, Gerhard. 2017. An Introduction to German Law, 6th ed. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.

Sachs, Michael. 2017. “Bedeutung der Bestenauslese nach Art. 33 II GG für die Richterwahl nach Art. 95 II GG”. Juristische Schulung.

Schaefer, Hans Christoph. 2002. “Überzogenes Richterprivileg”. Neue Juristische Wochenschrift, Vol. 55, No. 10, pp. 734–735.

Schlosser, Peter and Habscheid, Walther. 1985. “Federal Republic of Germany”. In Shimon Shetreet and Jules Deschênes (eds.). Judicial Independence. The Contemporary Debate. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, pp. 78–95.

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Schütz, Carsten. 2012. “Durchschnitt soll doch Dienstpflicht sein”. Betrifft Justiz, Vol. 28, No. 112, p. 378.

Schütz, Carsten. 2017. “Die Richtgeschwindigkeit der Justiz”. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung – Einspruch, November 29, 2017.

Seibert-Fohr, Anja. 2012. “Judicial Independence in Germany”. In Anja Seibert-Fohr (ed.). Judicial Independence in Transition. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 447–520.

Steffen, Till. 2008. “Autonomie für die Dritte Gewalt – Erwartungen aus der Politik”. Kritische Vierteljahresschrift für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft, Vol. 91, No. 4, pp. 354–359.

Stolleis, Michael (ed.). 2011. Herzkammern der Republik. Die Deutschen und das Bundesverfassungsgericht. Munich: C.H.Beck. ten Brinke, Daniel. 2002. “Judges appointed by Parliament: Germany”. In Daniel ten Brinke and Hans-Michael Deml (eds.). Judges in the Service of the State? Procedures, Criteria and Political Influence on National Selection of Judges for the Highest Judicial Offices and their Possible Influence on the International Crime Court. Aachen.

Terhechte, Jörg Philipp. 2009. “Judicial Ethics for a Global Judiciary – How Judicial Networks Create their own Codes of Conduct”. The German Law Journal, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 501–514.

Terhechte, Jörg Philipp. 2012. “Judicial accountability and public liability. The German „judges privilege“ under the influence of European and international law”. The German Law Journal, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 313–330.

Thiele, Alexander. 2013. “Die Unabhängigkeit des Richters – Grenzenlose Freiheit?”. Der Staat, Vol. 52, No. 3, 415–433.

Tschentscher, Axel. 2006. Demokratische Legitimation der dritten Gewalt, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Viefhues, Wolfram and Volesky, Karl-Heinz. 1996. “Neue Konzepte zur Gerichts- und Arbeitsorganisation in Verbindung mit dem Einsatz moderner Informationstechnik in der ordentlichen Gerichtsbarkeit”. Deutsche Richterzeitung, pp. 13–21.

Vismann, Cornelia. 2011. Medien der Rechtsprechung. Frankfurt on the Main: S. Fischer.

Von Coelln, Christian. 2005. Zur Medienöffentlichkeit der Dritten Gewalt. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Voßkuhle, Andreas and Sydow, Gernot. 2002. “Die demokratische Legitimation des Richters”. JuristenZeitung, Vol. 54, No. 14, pp. 673–682.

Vultejus, Ulrich. 1995. “Der Zugang zum Richterberuf”. Arbeit und Recht, Vol. 43, No. 7/8, pp. 251–255.

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Wang, Yuanyuan. 2011. The Independence of Judges in China and Germany. Frankfurt on the Main: Lang.

Weber-Grellet, Heinrich. 2007. “Selbstverwaltung der Justiz – Zwei-Säulen-Modell des Deutschen Richterbundes”. Zeitschrift für Rechtspolitik, Vol. 40, No. 5, pp. 153–156.

Weber-Grellet, Heinrich. 2012. “ Weitere Schritte auf dem Weg zur Selbstverwaltung der Justiz ”. Deutsche Richterzeitung.

Weiss, Manfred. 2005. “Labor Law”. In Joachim Zekoll and Matthias Reimann (eds.). An Introduction to German Law, 2nd ed. Munich/The Hague: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business.

Wittmann, Rebecca. 2008. “Tainted Law: the West German Judiciary and the prosecution of Nazi War Criminals”. In Patricia Herberer and Jürgen Matthäus (eds.). Atrocities on trial: historical perspectives on the politics of prosecuting war crimes. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, pp. 211–230.

Wittreck, Fabian. 2006. Die Verwaltung der Dritten Gewalt. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Wittreck, Fabian. 2012. “Durchschnitt als Dienstpflicht?” Neue Juristische Wochenschrift, Vol. 65, No. 45, pp. 3287–3291.

Wittreck, Fabian. 2013. “Erledigungszahlen unter (Dienst-)Aufsicht?” Deutsche Richterzeitung, No. 2, pp. 60–61.

Wittreck, Fabian. 2015. “Dritte Gewalt im Wandel”. In Publications of the Association of German Public Law Teachers (ed.). Veröffentlichungen der Vereinigung der deutschen Staatsrechtslehrer.

Wolf, Manfred. 1985. “The Press and the Courts in Germany”. In Shimon Shetreet and Jules Deschênes (eds.). Judicial Independence. The Contemporary Debate. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, pp. 117–122.

Wrobel, Hans. 1989. Verurteilt zur Demokratie. Justiz und Justizpolitik 1945-1949. Heidelberg: Decker/Müller.

Zacharias, Diana. 2008. “Terminologie und Begrifflichkeit”. In Armin von Bogdandy; Pedro Cruz Villalón and Peter Michael Huber (eds.). Handbuch Ius Publicum Europaeum, 2nd ed. Heidelberg: C.F.Müller.

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10. Czech Republic

Bobek, Michal. 2008. “The Fortress of Judicial Independence and the Mental Transitions of the Central European Judiciaries”. European Public Law, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 99–123. Bobek, Michal. 2010. “The Administration of Courts in the Czech Republic – In Search of a Constitutional Balance”. European Public Law, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 251–270. Bobek, Michal and Kosař, David. 2014. “Global Solutions, Local Damages: A Critical Study in Judicial Councils in Central and Eastern Europe”. German Law Journal, Vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 1257– 1292. Derka, Ladislav. 2015. “Pro soudní funkcionáře právo neplatí?” Soudce, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 7– 8. Derka, Viktor. 2017. “Ústavnost opakovaného jmenování soudních funkcionářů”. Jurisprudence, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 3–14. Dougherty, George W.; Lindquist, Stefanie A. and Bradbury, Mark D. 2006. “Evaluating Performance in State Judicial Institutions: Trust and Confidence in the Georgia Judiciary”. State & Local Government Review, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 176–190. Dyzenhaus, David. 1999. Legality and Legitimacy: Carl Schmitt, Hans Kelsen and Herman Heller in Weimar. Oxford: Oxford UP. Hardoš, Jiří. 2012. “Blažek odložil zavedení výběrových řízení na nové soudce”. Právo, August 2, 2012. Kosař, David. 2013. “The Least Accountable Branch”. International Journal of Constitutional Law, Vol. 11, Issue 1, pp. 234–260. Kosař, David. 2014. “Rozvrh práce: Klíčový nástroj pro boj s korupcí soudců a nezbytný předpoklad nezávislosti řadových soudců”. Právník, Vol. 153, No. 12, pp. 1049–1076. Kosař, David. 2016. Perils of Judicial Self-Government in Transitional Societies. New York, NY: Cambridge UP. Kosař, David. 2017. “Politics of Judicial Independence and Judicial Accountability in Czechia: Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law between Court Presidents and the Ministry of Justice”. European Constitutional Law Review, Vol. 13, Issue 1, pp. 96–123. Kosař, David and Papoušková, Tereza. 2017. Kárná odpovědnost soudce v přerodu: Ponaučení z České republiky. Prague: Wolters Kluwer. Kosař, David and Papoušková, Tereza. 2017. “Přinesla “Pospíšilova” reforma kárného řízení skutečně zpřísnění kárného postihu českých soudců?” Časopis pro právní vědu a praxi, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 219–240. Kühn, Zdeněk. 2010. “The Democratization and Modernization of Post-Communist Judiciaries”. In Wojciech Sadurski and Alberto Febbrajo (eds.). Central and Eastern Europe

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After Transition: Towards a New Socio-legal Semantics. London: Ashgate Publishing, pp. 177– 200.

Kühn, Zdeněk. 2011. The Judiciary in Central and Eastern Europe: Mechanical Jurisprudence in Transformation? Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Kühn, Zdeněk. 2012. “Judicial Administration Reforms in Central-Eastern Europe: Lessons to be Learned”. In Anja Seibert-Fohr (ed.). Judicial Independence in Transition. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 603–617. Kysela, Jan (ed.). 2008. Hledání optimálního modelu správy soudnictví pro Českou republiku. Prague: Senate Chancellery. Léko, Kristián. 2017. “Výběr českých soudců ovládá chaos”. Lidové noviny, June 5, 2017. Available online at: https://www.pressreader.com/czech-republic/lidove- noviny/20170605/281771334156989. Léko, Kristián. 2017. “Soudci by se „pod lupou“ víc snažili”. Lidové noviny, July 17, 2017. Available online at: https://www.pressreader.com/czech-republic/lidove- noviny/20170717/281573765744067. Ministry of Justice. 2017. “České soudnictví 2016: Výroční statistická zpráva, Ministerstvo spravedlnosti”. Available online at: http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ct24/sites/default/files/1950205-ceske_soudnictvi_2016_- _vyrocni_statisticka_zprava.pdf. Mishler, William and Rose, Richard. 2001. “What Are the Origins of Political Trust? Testing Institutional and Cultural Theories in Post-communist Societies”. Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 34, Issue 1, pp. 30–62. Motejl, Otakar. 2008. “Pohled ministrů spravedlnosti”. In Jan Kysela (ed.). Hledání optimálního modelu správy soudnictví pro Českou republiku. Prague: Senate Chancellery. Němeček, Tomáš. 2011. “Tajná data z Ústavního soudu”. Lidové noviny, February 28, 2011. Available online at: https://www.lidovky.cz/tajna-data-z-ustavniho-soudu-dgv- /noviny.aspx?c=A110228_000113_ln_noviny_sko&klic=241554&mes=110228_0. Němeček, Tomáš. 2012. “Zachraňte doktora Balíka”. Lidové noviny, March 5, 2012. Němeček, Tomáš. 2013. “Doktorka Lastovecká se topí”. Lidové noviny, February 23, 2013. Princ, Michal. 2015. Soudnictví v českých zemích v letech 1848-1938 (soudy, soudní osoby, dobové problémy). Prague: Wolters Kluwer. Schmitt, Carl. 2004. Legality and legitimacy. London: Duke UP. Stillman, Peter G. 1974. “The Concept of Legitimacy”. Polity, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Autumn), pp. 32– 56. Sztompka, Piotr. 2000. Trust: A sociological theory. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

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The Office of the Public Defender of Rights. 2017. “Výroční zpráva 2016”. Available online at: https://www.ochrance.cz/fileadmin/user_upload/zpravy_pro_poslaneckou_snemovnu/Vyro cni-zprava-2016_web.pdf. Ulč, Ota. 1974. Malá doznání okresního soudce. Toronto: Sixty-Eight Publishers. Wolfrum, Rudiger and Roeben, Volker (eds.). 2008. Legitimacy in International Law. Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer.

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11. France

Agrikoliansky, Eric. 2005. “‘Liberté, liberté chérie...’ : la gauche et la protection des libertés publiques dans les années 1970”. In Liora Israël, Antoine Vauchez and Laurent Willemez (eds.). Sur la portée sociale du droit: usages et légitimité du registre juridique. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, pp. 325–340. Audier, Florence; Bacache-Beauvallet and Mathias, Eric. 2014. “Les magistrats entrés par une voie latérale. Rapport magistrats latéraux 2013”. Available online at: http://www.gip- recherche-justice.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/10-31-RF.pdf.

Bancaud, Alain. 2000. “Le paradoxe de la gauche française au pouvoir : développement des libertés judicaiires et continuité de la dépendance de la justice”. Droit et société, No. 44–45, pp. 61–81.

Bancaud, Alain. 2002. Une exception ordinaire. La magistrature française en France 1930- 1950. Paris: Gallimard.

Bancaud, Alain. 2006. “Normalisation d’une innovation. Le Conseil supérieur de la magistrature sous la IVème République”. Droit et société, No. 63–64, pp. 371–391.

Benvenuti, Simone. 2011. Il Consiglio superiore della magistratura francese. Una comparazione con l’esperienza italiana. Milan: Giuffrè editore.

Boigeol, Anne. 1989. “La formation professionnelle des magistrats : de l’apprentissage sur le tas à l’école professionnelle”. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, No. 76–77, pp. 49– 64.

Boucobza, Isabelle. 2018. “L’énigme de l’indépendance des juges en France”. In Bastien François and Antoine Vauchez (eds.). Politique de l’indépendance. Forthcoming.

Briquet, Jean-Louis and Garraud, Philippe (eds.). 2001. Juger le politique. Entreprises et entrepreneurs critiques de la politique. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes.

Cabannes, Jean. 2003. “Rapport of the Commission de réflexion sur l’éthique dans la magistrature”. Available online at: http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/rapports- publics/034000695/index.shtml.

Charle, Christophe. 1993. “État et magistrats, les origines d’une crise prolongée”. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, No. 96–97, pp. 39–48.

Chelle, Elise. 2011. “Une politique de récompense dans la haute magistrature : le cas de la prime de rendement”. Droit et société, No. 78, pp. 407–427.

Club d’léna. 2017. “Le regard des Français sur la justice”. Available online at: https://www.village-justice.com/articles/IMG/pdf_114547_-_rapport.pdf.

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Comité de réflexion et de proposition sur la modernisation et le rééquilibrage de la Vème République présidé par M. Edouard Balladur. “Report to the president of the Republic”. October 29, 2007.

Commaille, Jacques and Kaluszynski, Martine (eds.). 2007. La fonction politique de la justice, Paris: La découverte.

Conseil supérieur de la magistrature. 2008. Les Français et leur justice: Restaurer la confiance. Paris: La Documentation française.

Cretin, Laure. 2014. “L’opinion des Français sur la justice”. Infostat, No. 125, January 2014.

Fillon, Catherine and Boninchi, Marc. 2008. Devenir juge. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

François, Bastien. 1998. Une demande politique de justice. Les Français et la justice. Rapport pour le GIP.

Garapon, Antoine. 1996. Le gardien des promesses: Justice et démocratie. Paris: Odile Jacob.

Garapon, Antoine and Epineuse, Harold. 2012. “Judicial Independence in France”. In Anja Seibert-Fohr (ed.). Judicial Independence in Transition. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 273–305.

Garnot, Benoit. 2009. Histoire de la justice. Paris: Gallimard.

Heurteux, Claude. 2004. “ Pour la justice”. Institut Montaigne, September 2004. Available online at: http://www.institutmontaigne.org/ressources/pdfs/publications/pour_la_justice.pdf.

Houillon, Philippe. 2006. “Rapport fait au nom de la Commission d’enquête chargée de rechercher les causes des dysfonctionnements de la justice dans l'affaire dite d'Outreau et de formuler des propositions pour éviter leur renouvellement”. Assemblée nationale, June 2006.

Jean, Jean-Paul. 2018. “Le statut du magistrat de l’entre-deux-guerres à 1958”. Cahiers de la justice.

Krynen, Jacques (ed.). 1999. L’élection des juges. Essai de bilan historique français et contemporain. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

Le Pogam, Michel. 2014. Le Conseil supérieur de la magistrature. Paris: Lexis-Nexis.

Lenoir, Remi. 1994. “La parole est aux juges. Crise de la magistrature et champ journalistique”. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, No. 101–102, pp. 77-84.

Lombard, Françoise. 1993. Les jurés. Justice représentative et représentations de la justice. Paris: L’Harmattan.

Louvel, Bertrand. 2016. “Pour échapper à la suspicion, il faut modifier le système de nomination des juges”. Le Monde, May 30, 2016. Available online at:

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Marchetti, Dominique. 2000. “Les révélations du journaliste d’investigation”. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, No. 131–132, pp. 30–40.

Mbongo, Pascal. 1999. La gauche au pouvoir et les libertés publiques (1981-1995). Paris: L’Harmattan.

Piana, Daniela and Vauchez, Antoine. 2012. Il Consiglio superiore della magistratura: Le instituzioni pubbliche in Italia. Bologne: Il Mulino.

Renoux, Thierry-Serge and Roux, André. 1994. L’administration de la justice en France. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

Roussel, Violaine. 2002. Affaires de juges. Les magistrats dans les scandales politiques en France. Paris: La découverte.

Royer, Jean-Pierre and Jean, Jean-Paul. 2010. Histoire de la justice du XVIIème siècle à nos jours. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

Salas, Denis. 1998. Le tiers pouvoir. Vers une autre justice. Paris: Hachette.

Union Syndicale des Magistrats. 2014. “Résultats des élections au Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature 2014”. Available online at: http://www.union-syndicale- magistrats.org/web2/themes/fr/userfiles/fichier/reserves/elections/csm/csm2014_resultats .pdf.

Vauchez, Antoine. 2007. “Le juge, l’homme et la ‘cage d’acier’. La rationalisation de l’activité judiciaire à l’épreuve du ‘moment Outreau’”. In Hélène Michel and Laurent Willemez (eds.). La justice au risque des profanes. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, pp. 27–48.

Vauchez, Antoine. 2014. “Judicialization of Politics. Lessons and Questions for the case of the French Fifth Republic”. In Mikael Rask Madsen and Christopher Thornill (eds.), Law and the Formation of Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, p. 96–116.

Vauchez, Antoine. 2015. “Pouvoir judiciaire”. In Antonin Cohen, Bernard Lacroix and Philippe Riutort (eds.). Nouveau manuel de science politique, 2nd edition. Paris: La découverte.

Vauchez, Antoine and Willemez, Laurent. 2007. La justice face à ses réformateurs. Entreprises de modernisation et logiques de résistance. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

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12. Ireland

Association of Judges of Ireland. 2017. “Judicial Education”. Available online at: https://aji.ie/supports/judicial-education/.

Association of Judges of Ireland. 2017. “Press Release 26 June 2017”. Available online at: https://aji.ie/press-release-26-june-2017/.

Association of Judges of Ireland. 2018. “Foundation”. Available online at: https://aji.ie/about- us/foundation/.

Bartholomew, Paul C. 1971. The Irish Judiciary. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration.

Bickel, Alexander M. 1986. The Least Dangerous Branch: The Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics. New Haven, CT: Yale UP.

Brennan, Michael. 2011. “AG gave judges go-ahead to publish memo on salary cuts”. The Irish Independent, July 11, 2011. Available online at: https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/ag- gave-judges-goahead-to-publish-memo-on-salary-cuts-26750518.html.

Byrne, Raymond; McCutcheon, Paul; Bruton, Claire and Coffey, Gerard. 2014. The Irish Legal System, 6th edition. Dublin: Bloomsbury Professional.

Cahillane, Laura. 2015. “Ireland’s System for Disciplining and Removing Judges”. Dublin University Law Journal, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 55–83.

Cameron, Charles M. 2002. “Judicial Independence: How Can You Tell It When You See It? And, Who Cares?” In Stephen B. Burbank and Barry Friedman (eds.). Judicial Independence at the Crossroads: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., pp. 134–147.

Clarke, Vivienne. 2018. “Charlie Flanagan says judicial bill ‘in a difficult place’”., The Irish Times, March 26, 2018. Available online at: https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/charlie- flanagan-says-judicial-bill-in-a-difficult-place-1.3440455?mode=sample&auth-failed=1&pw- origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcharlie-flanagan-says- judicial-bill-in-a-difficult-place-1.3440455.

Department of the Taoiseach. 2017. “Government Legislation Programme Autumn Session 2017”. Available online at: https://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/DOT/eng/Taoiseach_and_Government/Government_Legislati on_Programme/Government_Legislation_Programme_Autumn_Session_2017.html.

Elgie, Robert; McAuley, Adam and O’Malley, Eoin. 2017. “The (not-so-surprising) non- partisanship of the Irish Supreme Court”. Irish Political Studies, Vol. 33, Issue 1, pp. 88–111.

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European Commission. 2016. “Flash Eurobarometer 435: Perceived independence of the national justice systems in the EU among the general public”. Available online at: https://data.europa.eu/euodp/data/dataset/S2116_435_ENG.

European Commission. 2017. “Flash Eurobarometer 447: Perceived independence of the national justice systems in the EU among the general public”. Available online at: https://data.europa.eu/euodp/data/dataset/S2148_447_ENG.

Fennelly, David. 2016. “Reluctant reformers? Formalizing judicial regulation in Ireland”. In Richard Devlin and Adam Dodek (eds.). Regulating Judges: Beyond Independence and Accountability. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 209–226.

Gallagher, Conor. 2017. “Several judges applied for vacant court position awarded to AG”. The Irish Times, June 15, 2017. Available online at: https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/several-judges-applied-for-vacant-court-position- awarded-to-ag-1.3119934?mode=sample&auth-failed=1&pw- origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fseveral-judges- applied-for-vacant-court-position-awarded-to-ag-1.3119934.

Gallagher, Conor. 2017. “Report finds Ireland “unsatisfactory” in judicial independence”. The Irish Times, June 29, 2017. Available online at: https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/report-finds-ireland-unsatisfactory-in-judicial- independence-1.3138160?mode=sample&auth-failed=1&pw- origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Freport-finds-ireland- unsatisfactory-in-judicial-independence-1.3138160.

Gee, Graham; Hazell, Robert; Malleson, Kate and O'Brien, Patrick. 2015. The Politics of Judicial Independence in the UK’s Changing Constitution. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Government of Ireland. 1996. “Working Group on a Courts Commission: First Report (April 1996)”. Available online at: http://www.courts.ie/Courts.ie/Library3.nsf/(WebFiles)/E33B888C196A85A980256DA60034 59DA/$FILE/courts1.pdf.

GRECO (Group of States against Corruption). 2017. “Fourth Evaluation Round: Corruption prevention in respect of members of parliament, judges and prosecutors: Compliance Report: Ireland”. Available online at: https://rm.coe.int/fourth-evaluation-round-corruption- prevention-in-respect-of-members-of/168072bebb.

Gwynn-Morgan, David. 2012. “Government and the Courts”. In Eoin O’Malley and Muiris MacCarthaigh (eds.). Governing Ireland: From Cabinet Government to Delegated Governance. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration.

Hazell, Robert and O’Brien, Patrick. 2016. “Meaningful Dialogue: Judicial Engagement with Parliamentary Committees at Westminster”. Public Law, No. 1, pp. 54–73.

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Houses of the Oireachtas. 2018. “Dáil Éireann Debate - Wednesday, 29 Nov 1995”. Available online at: https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1995-11-29/.

Houses of the Oireachtas. 2018. “Dáil Éireann Debate - Wednesday, 5 May 1999”. Available online at: https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1999-05-05/.

Keane, Ronan. 2003. “Judges as Lawmakers: The Irish Experience”. Radharc, Vol. 4 Special Commemorative Issue, pp. 81–89.

Keane, Ronan. 2011. “Judicial Independence: The best we can do?” Irish Law Times, Vol. 29.

Kelly, Fiach. 2017. “Judges warned Varadkar Ross’s reforms wouldn’t work”., The Irish Times, August 18, 2017. Available online at: https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/judges- warned-varadkar-ross-s-reforms-would-not-work-1.3190065?mode=sample&auth- failed=1&pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fjudges- warned-varadkar-ross-s-reforms-would-not-work-1.3190065.

Kosař, David. 2016. Perils of Judicial Self-Government in Transitional Societies. New York, NY: Cambridge UP.

Landes, William M. and Posner, Richard A. 1975. “The Independence Judiciary in an Interest- Group Perspective”. The Journal of Law & Economics, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 875–901.

Mac Cormaic, Ruadhán. 2013. “High Courts to extent sitting into summer holidays”. The Irish Times, April 27, 2013. Available online at: https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/high- courts-to-extend-sittings-into-summer-holidays-1.1374656.

Mac Cormaic, Ruadhán. 2017. The Supreme Court. Dublin: Penquin.

MacNeill, Jennifer Carroll. 2016. The Politics of Judicial Selection in Ireland. Dublin: Four Courts Press.

McDonald, Dearbhail and McQuinn, Cormac. 2013. “Shatter sparks major judicial crisis”. The Irish Independent, April 16, 2013. Available online at: https://www.independent.ie/irish- news/shatter-sparks-major-judicial-crisis-29198217.html.

Minihan, Mary. 2017. “Ross unhappy at way Máire Whelan elevated to Court of Appeal”. The Irish Times, June 13, 2017. Available online at: https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/ross-unhappy-at-way-m%C3%A1ire-whelan- elevated-to-court-of-appeal-1.3118616.

Minihan, Mary. 2017. “Judicial reform plan a “deliberate kick in the teeth” for Chief Justice”. The Irish Times, June 27, 2017. Available online at: https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/judicial-reform-plan-a-deliberate-kick-in-the- teeth-for-chief-justice-1.3135402?mode=sample&auth-failed=1&pw- origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fjudicial-reform-plan-a- deliberate-kick-in-the-teeth-for-chief-justice-1.3135402.

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Morgan, David Gwynn. 2004. “Selection of Superior Judges”. The Irish Law Times, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 42–45.

O’Brien, Patrick. 2011. “Judicial Independence and the Irish Referendum on Judicial Pay”. UK Constitutional Law Association, September 16, 2011. Available online at: https://ukconstitutionallaw.org/2011/09/16/patrick-obrien-judicial-independence-and-the- irish-referendum-on-judicial-pay/.

O’Dowd, John. 2000. “The Sheedy Affair”. In Robert Clark and Joseph McMahon (eds.). Contemporary Issues in Irish Law and Politics, 3rd edition. Dublin: Round Hall Ltd., pp. 103–155.

O’Dowd, John. 2012. “Judges in whose cause? The Irish bench after the judges’ pay referendum”. The Irish Jurist, Vol. 48, pp. 102–131.

O’Dowd, John. 2017. “Speaking to power: mechanisms for judicial-executive dialogue”. In Laura Cahillane, James Gallen and Tom Hickey (eds.). Judges, Politics and the Irish Constitution. Manchester: Manchester UP, pp. 153–168.

O’Toole, Fintan. 2000. “Unanswered questions about the Sheedy affair cannot be buried a second time”. The Irish Times, June 24, 2000. Available online at: https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/unanswered-questions-about-sheedy-case-cannot-be- buried-a-second-time-1.285522?mode=sample&auth-failed=1&pw- origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Funanswered-questions-about- sheedy-case-cannot-be-buried-a-second-time-1.285522.

OECD. 2018. “Government at a Glance – 2015 edition; Chapter 12: Serving Citizens”. Available online at: https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=GOV_2015.

RTÉ News. 2009. “19 judges take voluntary pay cut”. June 19, 2009. Available online at: https://www.rte.ie/news/2009/0619/118642-judges/.

RTÉ News. 2013. “Judges’ group back Judge Kelly’s comments about political interference in judiciary”. April 15, 2013. Available online at: https://www.rte.ie/news/2013/0415/381410- judges-shatter/.

Stevens, Robert. 1993. Judicial Independence: The View from the Lord Chancellor’s Office. Oxford: Oxford UP.

The All-Party Oireachtas Committee on the Constitution. 1996. “Report of the Constitutional Review Group”. Available online at: http://archive.constitution.ie/reports/crg.pdf.

The Irish Council for Civil Liberties. 2007. Justice Matters: Independence, Accountability and the Irish Judiciary. Dublin: Irish Council for Civil Liberties.

The Irish Times. 2010. “Voluntary levy paid by 111 judges”., The Irish Times January 18, 2010. Available online at: https://www.irishtimes.com/news/voluntary-levy-paid-by-111-judges- 1.851929?mode=sample&auth-failed=1&pw-

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The Irish Times. 2011. “Minister disappointed memo still on court website”. July 11, 2011. Available online at: https://www.irishtimes.com/news/minister-disappointed-memo-still-on- courts-website-1.596768.

The Journal.ie. 2013. “Alan Shatter criticizes High Court comments on pay”. April 15, 2013. Available online at: http://www.thejournal.ie/alan-shatter-judicial-pay-870089-Apr2013/.

Van de Walle, Steven and Raine, John W. 2008. “Explaining Attitudes towards the Justice System in the UK and Europe”. Ministry of Justice Research Series, No. 9/08.

Voigt, Stefan and Hayo, Bernd. 2007. “Explaining De Facto Judicial Independence”. International Review of Law and Economics, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 269–290.

Vyas, Yash. 1992. “The Independence of the Judiciary: A Third World Perspective”. Third World Legal Studies, Vol. 11, Art. 6, pp. 127–177.

Ward, Tanya. 2008. “Independence, Accountability and the Irish Judiciary”. The Irish Judicial Studies Institute Journal, pp. 1–36.

Webb, Nick and Ross, Shane. 2012. The Untouchables: The people who helped wreck Ireland – and are still running the show. Dublin: Penguin.

Whelan, Noel. 2011. “More to power than making the right noises”. The Irish Times, May 7, 2011.

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13. Spain

Abogacía Española. 2015. “Barómetros de la Abogacía”. Available online at: https://www.abogacia.es/2015/11/25/barometros-de-la-abogacia/. Abogacía Española: Consejo General. 2015. “Clime de Opinión de la Abogacía. Barómetro Interno del Consejo General de la Abogaciía Española”. July 8, 2015. Available online at: https://www.abogacia.es/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/INFORME-GENERAL-BAROMETRO- INTERNO-CGAE-JULIO-2015.pdf. Abogacía Española: Consejo General. 2015. “La imagen de los Abogados y de la Justicia en la Sociedad Española. Barómetro Externo del Consejo General de la Abogaciía Española 2015”. November 4, 2015. Available online at: https://www.abogacia.es/wp- content/uploads/2015/07/INFORME-V-BAROMETRO-EXTERNO-CGAE-NOVIEMBRE-2015.pdf. Arnaiz, Alejandro Saiz. 2007. La Reforma del Acceso a la Carrera Judicial en España: Algunas Propuestas. Madrid: Fundación Alternativas. Bell, John. 2006. Judiciaries within Europe. A Comparative Review. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Bodansky, Daniel. 1999. “The Legitimacy of International Governance: A Coming Challenge for International Environmental Law?” The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 93, No. 3, pp. 596–624.

Bovens, Mark. 2010. “Two Concepts of Accountability: Accountability as a Virtue and as a Mechanism”. West European Politics, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 946–967.

Burbank, Stephen B. 2007. “Judicial Independence, Judicial Accountability, and Interbranch Relations”. The Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 95, pp. 909–927.

Carolan, Eoin. 2009. The New Separation of Powers: A Theory of the Modern State. New York, NY: Oxford UP.

Consejo General del Poder Judicial (España). 2017. “2017 Annual Report to Parliament”. Available online at: http://www.poderjudicial.es/cgpj/es/Poder-Judicial/Consejo-General- del-Poder-Judicial/Actividad-del-CGPJ/Memorias/Memoria-anual-2017--correspondiente-al- ejercicio-2016-.

Contini, Francesco and Mohr, Richard. 2007. “Reconciling independence and accountability of judicial systems”.Utrecht Law Review, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 26–43.

Cristóbal, Rosario Serra. 2013. “La Elección de los Miembros del Consejo General del Poder Judicial. Una Propuesta de Consejo más Integrador e Independiente”. Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, No. 31, pp. 277–322. de la Cueva, Pablo Lucas Murillo. 2016. “Encuesta sobre la Independencia del Poder Judicial”. Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, No. 38, pp. 15–58.

- 76 - de Luque, Luis Aguiar. 2016. “Continuidad y reforma en el régimen jurídico del Consejo General del Poder Judicial”. In Luis Aguiar de Luque (ed.). Independencia Judicial y Estado Constitucional El Gobierno Judicial. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch, pp. 1–26.

Donaire Villa, Francisco Javier. 2016. “La Renovada Configuración de la Comisión Permanente del Consejo General del Poder Judicial tras la Ley Orgánica 4/2013”. In Luis Aguiar de Luque (ed.). Independencia Judicial y Estado Constitucional El Gobierno Judicial. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch, pp. 51–68.

Elvira Perales, Ascensión. 2016. “Composición y Elección de los Miembros del Consejo General del Poder Judicial”. In Luis Aguiar de Luque (ed.). Independencia Judicial y Estado Constitucional El Gobierno Judicial. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch, pp. 27–50.

European Commission. 2017. “The 2017 EU Justice Scoreboard”. Available online at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/justice_scoreboard_2017_en.pdf.

European Commission. 2017. “Cuadro de indicadores de la justicia en la UE de 2017: Los sistemas judiciales se hacen más eficaces, pero sigue habiendo dificultades”. April 10, 2017. Available online at: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-890_es.htm.

Ferejohn, John A. and Kramer, Larry D. 2002. “Independent Judges, Dependent Judiciary: Institutionalizing Judicial Restraint”. New York University Law Review, Vol. 77, pp. 962–1039.

Gerpe Landín, Manuel and Cabellos Espiérrez, Miguel Ángel. 2015. “La Reforma Permanente: El Consejo General del Poder Judicial a la Búsqueda de un Modelo”. Revista Española de Derecho Constitucional, No. 103, pp. 13–44.

Geyh, Charles G. 2006. “Rescuing Political Accountability from the Realm of Political Rhetoric”. Case Western Reserve Law Review, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 911–935.

Gisbert, Rafael Bustos. 2016. “Encuesta sobre la Independencia del Poder Judicial”. Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, No. 38, pp. 15–58.nal, No. 103, pp. 13–44.

Gómez Fernández, Itziar. 2016. “Nombrar como Manifestación del Poder del Consejo: Discrecionalidad e Independencia de lJuez”. In Luis Aguiar de Luque (ed.). Independencia Judicial y Estado Constitucional El Gobierno Judicial. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch, pp. 69–100.

GRECO (Group of States against Corruption). 2013. “Fourth Evaluation Round. Corruption Prevention in respect of members of Parliaments, judges and prosecutors”. GRECO Eval IV Rep (2013) 5E, December 2-6, 2013.

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Guerra, Luis López. 1997. “La Legitimidad Democrática del Juez”. Cuadernos de Derecho Público, No. 1, pp. 43–76.

Guerra, Luis López. 1997. “Modelos de Gobierno de los Jueces”. Parlamento y Constitución, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 11–32.

Hernández, José Antonio. 2012. “Dívar dimite sin conciencia de culpa y sintiéndose víctima de una campaña”. El Pais, June 21, 2012. Available online at: https://elpais.com/politica/2012/06/21/actualidad/1340263648_089791.html.

Hernández, Diego Íñiguez. 2014. “ La Contrarreforma del Consejo General del Poder Judicial”. Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, No. 34, pp. 333–348.

Hernández, José Antonio. 2014. “El sector del Consejo afín al PP impone a un ultraconservador para el Supremo”. El Pais, April 27, 2014. Available online at: https://elpais.com/politica/2014/04/27/actualidad/1398623319_970402.html.

Ibáñez, Perfecto Andrés. 2005. “Racionalizar y Moralizar la Política de Nombramientos”. Jueces para la Democracia, No. 52, pp. 12-15.

Iglesias, Gema Rosado and Díaz, Ana Espinosa. 2016. “Independencia Judicial y Poder Disciplinario”. In Luis Aguiar de Luque (ed.). Independencia Judicial y Estado Constitucional El Gobierno Judicial. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch, pp. 101–135.

Íñiguez Hernández, Diego. 2014. “La reforma del Consejo General del Poder Judicial en España. Noticia de otra reforma fallida”. Cuadernos Manuel Giménez Abad, No. 7, pp. 147–157.

Kosař, David. 2016. Perils of Judicial Self-Government in Transitional Societies. New York, NY: Cambridge UP.

Lavanguardia. 2008. “Zapatero propone a Carlos Dívar como presidente del CGPJ y del Tribunal Supremo”. September 22, 2008. Available online at: https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20080922/53544647489/zapatero-propone-a- carlos-divar-como-presidente-del-cgpj-y-del-tribunal-supremo.html.

López Aguilar, Juan Fernando. 2016. “El caso de Polonia en la UE: retrocesos democráticos y del estado de derecho y «dilema de Copenague”. Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, No. 38, pp. 101–58.

Minder, Raphael. 2012. “Spain’s Chief Justice Quits Over Claims of Mususing Public Money”. The New York Times, June 21, 2012. Available online at: https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/22/world/europe/spains-chief-justice-divar-quits-over- trips.html.

Möllers, Christoph. 2013. The Three Branches: A Comparative Model Separation of Powers. Oxford: Oxford UP.

Montesquieu, Charles L. de Secondat. The Spirit of the Laws. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

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Ortuño Muñoz, Pascual. 2016. “El Acceso a la Judicatura”. In Maribel González Pascual and Joan Solanes Mullor (eds.). Independencia Judicial y Estado Constitucional. El Estatuto de los Jueces. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch, pp. 113–129.

Pasquino, Pasquale. 2003. “Prolegomena to a Theory of Judicial Power: The Concept of Judicial Independence in Theory and History”. The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, Vol. 2, pp. 11–26.

Piana, Daniela. 2010. Judicial Accountabilities in New Europe: From Rule of Law to Quality of Justice. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited.

Poder Judicial España. 2014. “Grupo de Trabajo para el Código Ético de la Carrera Judicial”. June 27, 2014. Available online at: http://www.poderjudicial.es/cgpj/es/Temas/Transparencia/Buen-Gobierno-y-Codigo- etico/Codigo-Etico/.

Poder Judicial España. 2014. “Integrantes del grupo de trabajo”. Available online at: http://www.poderjudicial.es/cgpj/es/Temas/Transparencia/Buen-Gobierno-y-Codigo- etico/Grupo-de-Trabajo-sobre-Transparencia/.

Poder Judicial España. 2015. “Portal de Transparencia “José Luis Terrero Chacón””. March 17, 2015. Available online at: http://www.poderjudicial.es/cgpj/es/Temas/Transparencia/.

Presno Linera, Miguel Ángel. 2017. “Normas y Formas de Gobierno Judicial”. XXVII Congreso de Jueces para la Democracia. Una Justicia en confianza.

Ramos, Mario Hernández. 2016. “El Cambio de Paradigma en el Control del Poder Judicial como Instituciónen España. De la Responsabilidad Judicial a la Judicial Accountability”. In Maribel González Pascual and Joan Solanes Mullor (eds.). IndependenciaJudicial y Estado Constitucional. El Estatuto de los Jueces. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch, pp. 149–182.

Roca, Eva Desdentado. 2008. “Los Problemas del Control de Discrecionalidad en los Nombramientos de Altos Cargos Judiciales por el Consejo General del PoderJudicial. Un Análisis Crítico”. Revista Española de Derecho Administrativo, No. 139, pp. 555–574.

Rodríguez Vega, Luis. 2018. “La independencia judicial a prueba”. La Clave Judicial, February 21, 2018. Available online at: https://laclavejudicial.org/2018/02/21/la-independenciajudicial-a-prueba/. rtve.es. 2008. “El PSOE propone a Carlos Dívar como presidente del CGPJ y Fernando de Rosa como vicepresidente”. September 22, 2008. Available online at: http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20080922/psoe-propone-carlos-divar-como-presidente-del- cgpj-fernando-rosa-como-vicepresidente/161666.shtml.

Salaverría, Juan Igartua. 2007. “Motivación de Nombramientos Discrecionales: Posterioridades de la STS 3171/2006, caso Gómez Bermúdez”. Jueces para la Democracia, No. 58, pp. 23–32.

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Salaverría, Juan Igartua. 2007. La Motivación en los Nombramientos Discrecionales. Madrid: Thomson-Civitas.

Steffek, Jens. 2003. “The Legitimation of International Governance: A Discourse Approach”. European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp. 249–275.

Torres Pérez, Aida. 2017. “In Nobody's Name: A Checks and Balances Approach to International Judicial Independence”. MPIL Research Paper Series, No. 2017-03. Available online at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2924435.

Torres Pérez, Aida. 2017. “From Judicial Independence to Interdependence in the International Sphere”. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 462–483.

Tyler, Tom R. 2001. “Public Trust and Confidence in Legal Authorities: What Do Majority and Minority Group Members Want from the Law and Legal Institutions?” Behavioral Sciences and the Law, Vol. 19, pp. 215–235. von Bogdandy, Armin and Venzke, Ingo. 2014. In Whose Name? A Public Law Theory of International Adjudication. Oxford: Oxford UP.

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14. Italy

Assemblea Costituente. 1947. “Progetto di Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana”. January 31, 1947. Available online at: http://www.camera.it/_dati/Costituente/lavori/DDL/00.pdf. Benvenuti, Simone. 2010. Il Consiglio superiore della magistratura francese. Una comparazione con l’esperienza italiana. Milan: Giuffrè.

Benvenuti, Simone. 2010. “Magistrature”. In Andrea Buratti and Marco Fioravanti (eds.). Costituenti ombra. Altri luoghi e altre figure della cultura politica italiana nella stagione della Costituente. Roma : Carocci, pp. 385–396.

Bettiol, Giuseppe. 1947. “Progetto di Constituzione della Repubblica italiana”. Assemblea Costituente: Seduta Pomeridiana di Giovedi 6 Novembre 1947, November 6, 1947 (afternoon session), pp. 1848–1853. Available online at: http://legislature.camera.it/_dati/costituente/lavori/Assemblea/sed283/sed283nc_1837.pdf

Biondi, Francesca. 2006. La responsabilità del magistrato. Saggio di diritto costituzionale. Milan: Giuffrè.

Bozzi, Aldo. 1947. “Progetto di Constituzione della Repubblica italiana”. Assemblea Costituente: Seduta Pomeridiana di Giovedi 6 Novembre 1947, November 6, 1947 (afternoon session), pp. 1800–1803. Available online at: http://legislature.camera.it/_dati/costituente/lavori/Assemblea/sed281/sed281nc.pdf.

Cappelletti, Mauro. 1983. “Who Watches the Watchmen? A Comparative Study on Judicial Responsibility”. The American Journal of Comparative Law, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 1–62.

Castelli, Claudio. 2016. “Commissione ministeriale per l'ordinamento giudiziario: più di un semplice maquillage, non ancora un progetto. Il punto di vista di un partecipante ai lavori”. Questione Giustizia, April 7, 2016. Available online at : http://www.questionegiustizia.it/articolo/commissione-ministeriale-per-l-ordinamento- giudiziario_piu-di-un-semplice-maquillage_non-ancora-un-progetto_07-04-2016.php.

Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura. 2017. “Valutazioni dal 2008 al 2016 – Dettaglio per esite”. Available online at: https://www.csm.it//documents/21768/137951/Valutazioni/06706f39-ce6a-432c-bea2- 45726330b9a4.

Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura. 2017. “ Ufficio statistico – Conferimento delle funzioni direttive e semidirettive (V Commissione)”. Available online at: https://www.csm.it/documents/21768/2001595/RIASSUNTO+ATTIVITA%27+QUINTA+comm issione+2017-10-14/009a2790-423a-be27-8bca-9d081caa75b9.

Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura. 2017. “Statistiche relative all’attività della Procura generale in materia disciplinare: Procura Generale della Corte Suprema di Cassazione”. Available online at: - 81 - https://www.csm.it/documents/21768/2100643/intervento+procuratore+generale+inaugur azione+anno+giudiziario+2017+seconda+parte.pdf/4a374305-a855-3990-1eb4- c1a32d2971de.

Contini, Francesco and Mohr, Richard. 2007. “Reconciling independence and accountability of judicial systems”.Utrecht Law Review, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 26–43.

Corte Suprema di Cassazione. 2011. “Statistiche relative all’attività della Procura Generale in materia disciplinare: Procura Generale della Corte Suprema di Cassazione”. Available online at : http://www.cortedicassazione.it/cassazione- resources/resources/cms/documents/Relazione_statistica_proc_gen.pdf.

Di Amato, Sergio. 2013. La responsabilità disciplinare dei magistrati: gli illeciti, le sanzioni. Milan: Giuffrè.

Di Federico, Giuseppe. 1973. “Statuto, carriera e indipendenza dei magistrati ordinari in Italia”. Rivista Trimestrale di Diritto e Procedura Civile, Vol. 4, pp. 1577–1594.

Di Federico, Giuseppe. 1985. “Costi e implicazioni istituzionali dei recenti provvedimenti giurisdizionali e legislativi in materia di retribuzioni e pensioni dei magistrati”. Rivista trimestrale di diritto pubblico, No. 2, 1985, pp. 331–373.

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Onida, Valerio. 2016. “Perché la scuola della magistratura deve essere autonoma”. Questione giustizia, No. 1, 2016, pp. 7–11.

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Silvestri, Gaetano. 1997. Giustizia e giudici nel sistema costituzionale. Turin: Giappichelli.

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Volpe, Giuseppe. 1977. “Sulla responsabilità politica dei giudici”. In E. Tosato (ed.). Aspetti e tendenze del diritto costituzionale: Scritti in onore di Costantino Mortati. Milan: Giuffrè.

Zannotti, Francesca. 1989. La magistratura, un gruppo di pressione istituzionale. L’autodeterminazione delle retribuzioni. Padova: CEDAM.

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AD. 2012. “Oud-rechters Kalbfleisch and Westenberg vrijgesproken van meineed”. AD, November 23, 2012. Available online at: https://www.ad.nl/binnenland/oud-rechters- kalbfleisch-en-westenberg-vrijgesproken-van-meineed~a44d5c8e/.

Adviescommissie toerusting en organisatie zittende magistratuur (Commissie Leemhuis). 1998. “Rechtspraak bij de tijd”. The Hague.

Algemene Rekenkamer. 2016. “Rapport bekostiging rechtspraak: gevolgen voor doelmatigheid”. The Hague: Court of Audit.

Bakker, Frits C. 2018. “Nieuwjaarstoespraak 2018”. The Hague, January 11, 2018. Available online at: https://www.rechtspraak.nl/.

Barendrecht, Maurits; van Beek, Krijn and Muller, Sam. 2017. “Menselijk en rechtvaardig: Is de rechtsstaat er voor de burger?” Available online at: http://www.hiil.org/data/sitemanagement/media/HiiL%20Menselijk%20en%20rechtvaardig %20Launch%203%20mei%202017%20def.pdf.

Barzelay, Michael. 2002. “Origins of the New Public Management. An International View from Public Administration/Political Science”. In Kate McLaughlin, Stephen P. Osborne and Ewan Ferlie (eds.). New Public Management. Current Trends and Future Perspectives. London: Routledge, pp. 15–33.

Berendsen, Richard M.; Creutzberg, Astrid R.; van Holten, Anja; van Lieshout, Stephan M.; Phaff, Henda; Schuman, Arjan J.; Slootweg, Marcel J.; Steenberghe, Hans M. M. and Veldhoen, Gala V.M. 2018. “Opinie: Geef de rechtspraak eigen begroting”. De Volkskrant, March 26, 2018. Available online at: https://www.volkskrant.nl/columns-opinie/geef-rechtspraak-eigen- begroting~bded72a7/.

Boogaard, Geerten. 2011. “De benoeming van Buruma”. Publiekrecht & politiek, March 10, 2011. Available online at: http://www.publiekrechtenpolitiek.nl/buruma/.

Bovend’Eert, Paul. 2016. “Wat is er mis met de rechterlijke organisatie?” Ars Aequi, mei 2016, pp. 406–410. Available online at: https://www.rechtspraak.nl/Organisatie-en- contact/Contact/Documents/Ars%20Aequi.pdf.

Bovend’Eert, Paul and Kortmann, Constantinus A. J. M. 2013. Rechterlijke organisatie, rechters en rechtspraak, 2nd edition. Deventer: Wolters Kluwer.

Bovend’Eert, Paul and Kortmann, Constantinus A. J. M. 2000. “Het Court-Packing Plan van het cabinet-Kok”. Nederlands Juristenblad, Vol. 75, Issue 36, pp. 1769–1775.

Brants, Chrisje. 2013. “Wrongful Convictions and Inquisitorial Process: The Case of the Netherlands”. University of Cincinnati Law Review, Vol. 80, Issue 4, pp. 1069–1114.

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Brenninkmeijer, Alex F. M. and Grootelaar, Hilke A. M. 2016. “De strijd om de rechterlijke macht”. Rechtstreeks, Vol. 2, pp. 12–45.

Broeders, Dennis; Prins, Corien; Griffioen, Henk; Jonkers, Petra; Bokhorst, Meike and Sax, Marijn. 2013. Speelruimte voor transparantere rechtspraak. The Hague: WRR.

Claes, Monica. 2006. The National Courts’ Mandate in the European Constitution. Oxford: Hart Publishing.

Corstens, Geert. 2018. “Bescherm onze rechters tegen de politiek”. NRC Handelsblad, January 9, 2018. Available online at: https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2018/01/09/bescherm-onze- rechters-tegen-de-politiek-a1587558.

Crijns, J.J. 2004. “Het wetsvoorstel OM-afdoening: een wolf in schaapskledij”. (2004) Sancties, No. 4, pp. 225–236. de Lange, Roel. 2012. “Judicial Independence in the Netherlands”. In Anja Seibert-Fohr (ed.). Judicial Independence in Transition. Berlin: Springer, pp. 231–272. de Lange, Roel and Mevis, Paul A. M. 2006. “Constitutional Guarantees for the Independence of the Judiciary”. In Sjef J. H. M. van Erp and Lars P. W. van Vliet (eds.). Netherlands Reports to the Seventeenth International Congress of Comparative Law. Antwerp: Intersentia, pp. 327– 148.

De Rechtspraak. 2013. “Press Guidelines 2013”. Available online at: https://www.rechtspraak.nl/SiteCollectionDocuments/Press-Guidelines.pdf.

De Rechtspraak. 2015. “Jaarverslag Rechtspraak 2015”. The Hague: Council for the Judiciary.

De Rechtspraak. 2016. “Resultaten enquete Tegenlicht: de rechterlijke organisatie tegen het licht”. Available online at: https://www.rechtspraak.nl/SiteCollectionDocuments/enquete- verontruste-rechters.pdf.

De Rechtspraak. 2016. “Hoeveel vertrouwen geniet de rechtspraak?” Available online at: https://www.rechtspraak.nl/SiteCollectionDocuments/Hoeveel-vertrouwen-geniet-de- rechtspraak.pdf.

De Rechtspraak. 2017. “Reactie voorzitter gerechtshof op vraag Geert Wilders tijdens regiezitting”. Available online at: https://www.rechtspraak.nl/Organisatie-en- contact/Organisatie/Gerechtshoven/Gerechtshof-Den-Haag/Nieuws/Paginas/Reactie- voorzitter-gerechtshof-op-vraag-Geert-Wilders-tijdens- regiezitting.aspx?pk_campaign=rssfeed&pk_medium=rssfeed&pk_source=Nieuws-van-het- gerechtshof-Den-Haag.

De Rechtspraak. 2018. “Digitale procedures Rechtspraak blijven gewoon in gebruik”. Available online at: https://www.rechtspraak.nl/Organisatie-en-contact/Organisatie/Raad-voor-de- rechtspraak/Nieuws/Paginas/Digitale-procedures-Rechtspraak-blijven-gewoon-in-

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Derksen, Ton. 2006. Lucia de B.: Reconstructie van een gerechtelijke dwaling. Diemen: Veen Media.

Dijkstra, Sietske. 2016. De rechter als evenwichtskunstenaar. The Hague: Boom Juridisch.

Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal. 2007. “Kabinetsstandpunt evaluatie Wet organisatie en bestuur gerechten en Wet Raad voor de rechtspraak (Modernisering rechterlijke organisatie)”. Available online at: https://www.eerstekamer.nl/id/vhyxhxcy58yu/document_extern/w29279tk55bijlage/f=/w2 9279tk55bijlage.pdf.

Ellian, Afshin. 2009. “Politiek moet zich niet met rechters bemoeien”. NRC Handelsblad, October5, 2009. Available online at: https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2009/10/05/politiek-moet- zich-niet-met-rechters-bemoeien-11792428-a1354622.

Franken, Hans. 1997. Onafhankelijk en verantwoordelijk. Deventer: Gouda Quint.

Fruytier, Ben G. M.; Dikkers, J.; Keesen, M.; Janssen, J; Berg, I. van den; Valeton, N. and Schouteten, R. L. J. 2013. Werkdruk bewezen: eindrapport werkdrukonderzoek rechterlijke macht. Utrecht and Nijmegen: Hogeschool Utrecht/Radboud University Nijmegen.

Gerards, Janneke H. and Fleuren, Joseph (eds.). 2014. Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights and of Judgments of the ECtHR in National Case Law. Antwerp: Intersentia.

Groenendijk, Kees. 2008. Een venijnig proces. The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers.

Grootelaar, Hilke A. M. and van den Bos, Kees. 2018. “How Litigants in Dutch Courtrooms Come to Trust Judges: The Role of Perceived Procedural Justice, Outcome Favorability, and Other Sociolegal Moderators”. Law & Society Review, Vol. 52, Issue 1, pp. 234–268.

Holvast, Nina. 2017. In the Shadow of the Judge. Hague: Eleven International Publishing.

Jansen, Corjo and Venema, Derk. 2012. De Hoge Raad en de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Amsterdam: Boom Juridisch.

Jensma, Folkert. 2011. “Hoe de PVV een raadsheer uit de Hoge Raad weerde”. NRC Handelsblad, December 17, 2011. Available online at: https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2011/12/17/hoe-de-pvv-een-raadsheer-uit-de-hoge-raad- weerde-a1481198.

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Jorritsma, Elsje. 2015. “Toga-protest leidt tot uitstel sluiting rechtbanken”. NRC Handelsblad, September 9, 2015. Available online at: https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2015/09/09/toga- protest-leidt-tot-uitstel-sluiting-rechtbanke-1534668-a261901.

Judge, Igor and van Delden, Bert. 2007. “The Reflective Judge/The Judge in Reflective Mode”. In The Annual Lecture for the Judiciary 2007. Den Haag: Raad voor de Rechtspraak.

Korteweg, Ariejan. 2016. “Politieke kleur van rechters speelt in Nederland geen rol”. Volkskrant, March 13, 2016. Available online at: https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws- achtergrond/-politieke-kleur-van-rechters-speelt-in-nederland-geen-rol-~b0f873f8/.

Langbroek, Philip M. 2009. Administering Courts and Judges: Rethinking the Tension Between Judicial Independence and Accountability. Maastricht: Shaker Publishing.

Langbroek, Philip M.; Dijkstra, Rachel I.; Bezorg Zadeh, Kyana and Türk, Zübeyir. 2017. “Performance Management of Courts and Judges: Organizational and Professional Learning versus Political Accountabilities”. In Francesco Contini (ed.). Handle with Care: Assessing and Designing Methods for Evaluation and Development of the Quality of Justice. Bologna: Lappeenranta University of Technology, pp. 297–325.

Lensink, Harry and Husken, Marian. 2013. “Het grote VN-onderzoek: de rechter geeft zich bloot”. Vrij Nederland, December 14, 2013. Available online at: https://www.vn.nl/de-rechter- geeft-zich-bloot/.

Loth, Marc A. and Mak, Elaine. 2007. “The Judicial Domain in View: Figures, Trends and Perspectives”. Utrecht Law Review, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 75–100.

Luban, David. 1995. “Settlements and the Erosion of the Public Realm”. Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 83, pp. 2619–2662.

Mak, Elaine. 2007. De rechtspraak in balans. Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers.

Mak, Elaine. 2008. “The European Judicial Organisation in a New Paradigm: The Influence of Principles of “New Public Management” on the Organisation of the European Courts”. European Law Journal, Vol. 14, Issue6, pp. 718–734.

Martens, S.K. and Ten Kate, Theophile B. 2000. “Commentaar d.d. 27 oktober 1999 van de President van en de Procureur-Generaal bij de Hoge Raad op de concept-wetsvoorstellen organisatie en bestuur gerechten en Raad voor de Rechtspraak”. Nederlands Juristenblad, Vol. 32, September 2000, pp. 1615–1623.

Montesquieu, Charles L. de Secondat. 1973 (orig. 1748). De l’esprit des lois. Paris: Garnier.

Nederlandse Orde van Advocaten. 2016. “Convenant inzake Civiel Effect”. Available online at: https://www.advocatenorde.nl/document/20160322-convenant-civiel-effect-1.

NRC Handelsblad. 2016. “Twitterende rechter krijgt reprimande voor 'Knettergek'-tweet over Wilders”. December 21, 2016. Available online at:

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Raad voor de rechtspraak. 2013. “Brief van de Raad voor de rechtspraak aan iedereen werkzaam in de Rechtspraak over de voorlopige opbrengst van de dialoog tussen Raad en gerechten”.

Reiling, Dory. 2018. “Court IT: we must, we can, but it’s not easy”. Technology for Justice, March 19, 2018. Available online at: http://doryreiling.blogspot.com/.

Rijksoverheide. 2016. “Kabinet trekt wetsvoorstel Organisatie hoogste bestuursrechtspraak in”. Available online at: https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2016/11/16/kabinet- trekt-wetsvoorstel-organisatie-hoogste-bestuursrechtspraak-in.

Robroek, Rick. 2016. De macht over het strafproces. The Hague: Boom Juridisch.

Seegers, Jules. 2013. “Hoogste rechter van Nederland luidt in brief noodklok over werkdruk”. NRC Handelsblad, February 4, 2013. Available online at: https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2013/02/04/hoogste-rechter-van-nederland-luidt-in-brief- noodklok-over-werkdruk-a1437563.

The Netherlands Institute for Social Research (Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau, SCP). 2016. “Culturele Veranderingen”. Available online at: https://www.scp.nl/Onderzoek/Bronnen/Beknopte_onderzoeksbeschrijvingen/Culturele_ve randeringen_in_Nederland_CV.

The Netherlands Institute for Social Research (SCP). 2016. “Continue Onderzoek Burgerperspectieven”. Available online at: https://www.scp.nl/Publicaties/Terugkerende_monitors_en_reeksen/Continu_Onderzoek_B urgerperspectieven.

The Netherlands Institute for Social Research (SCP). 2017. “De sociale staat van Nederland 2017”. Available online at: https://www.scp.nl/Publicaties/Alle_publicaties/Publicaties_2017/De_sociale_staat_van_Ne derland_2017. van Boom, Willem; Giesen, Ivo and Verheil, Albert J. (eds.). 2013. Capita Civilologie: handboek empirie en privaatrecht. The Hague: Boom Juridisch. van den Bos, Kees. 2014. “Kijken naar het recht”. Nederlands Juristenblad. Available online at: http://www.njb.nl/kijken-naar-het-recht. van den Eijnden, Maria. 2011. Onafhankelijkheid van de rechter in constitutioneel perspectief. Deventer: Wolters Kluwer. van der Knaap, Peter and van den Broek, Roel. 2000. “Recht van spreken. Een resultaatgericht sturingsmodel voor de rechtsprekende macht”. Bestuurskunde, No. 7, pp. 313–325.

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Van der Pol, Ruth A.; Fikkers, Mieke E. L.; de Hek, Bert H.; Kuijper, Jan Henrik; Mollema, Klaas E.; Tubben, Ingrid and Zandbergen, Menno W. 2017. “Het Manifest van Leeuwarden: 5 jaar na dato”. Ars Aequi. Available online at: http://www.arsaequi.nl/maandbladartikel/16192/Het_Manifest_van_Leeuwarden%3A_5_ja ar_na_dato.html. van der Raad, Sylvia. 2015. Othering and Inclusion of Ethnic Minority Professionals: A Study on Ethnic Diversity Discourses, Practices and Narratives in the Dutch Legal Workplace. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit UP. van Lierop, W. A. J. 2017. “Het komen en gaan van het wetsvoorstel Organisatie hoogste bestuursrechtspraak”. Nederlands Juristenblad, art. 2017/4. Available online at: http://www.njb.nl/blog/het-komen-en-gaan-van-het-wetsvoorstel.21216.lynkx. van Rossum, Wibo; Tigchelaar, Jet and Ippel, Pieter. 2012. Wraking bottom-up. Een empirisch onderzoek. The Hague: Council for the Judiciary/Utrecht University. van Wijk, Leon. 2014. “Vrouwelijke rechters in de meerderheid: wat is daarvan het probleem?” Trouw, May 22, 2014. Available online at: https://www.trouw.nl/home/vrouwelijke-rechters-in-de-meerderheid-wat-is-daarvan-het- probleem-~aa511b31/.

Verheij, Leendert. 2016. “Etnische diversiteit in de Rechtspraak”. (installation speech Court of Appeal of The Hague). June 2, 2016. Available online at: https://www.rechtspraak.nl/Organisatie-en- contact/Organisatie/Gerechtshoven/Gerechtshof-Den- Haag/Nieuws/Documents/Installatietoespraak%202%20juni%202016.pdf.

Wagenaar, W.A.; Israëls, H. and van Koppen, Peter J. 2009. De slapende rechter. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Bert Bakker.

Yein Ng, Gar. 2007. Quality of Judicial Organization and Checks and Balances. Antwerp: Intersentia.

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16. Poland

Amnesty International. 2018. “Reform of the Judiciary in Poland Poses Risk to The Right to Fair Trial”. March 2018. Available online at: https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/EUR3780592018ENGLISH.PDF.

Bartosik, Marek and Zoll, Andrzej. 2018. Od diktatury do demokracji I z powrotem. Kraków: Znak Horyzont.

Bodnar, Adam and Bojarski, Łukasz. 2012. “Judicial Independence in Poland”. In Anja Seibert- Fohr (ed.). Judicial Independence in Transition. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 667–738.

Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej - CBOS “Opinion poll No 31”. NR31/2017, March 2017. Available online at: https://www.cbos.pl/SPISKOM.POL/2017/K_031_17.PDF.

Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej - CBOS. 2017. “Opinion poll No. 112”. NR 112/2017, September 2017. Available online at: https://www.cbos.pl/SPISKOM.POL/2017/K_112_17.PDF.

Chancellery of the Prime Minister. 2018. “White Paper on the Reform of the Polish Judiciary”. March 7, 2018. Available online at: https://www.premier.gov.pl/files/files/white_paper_en_full.pdf.

Commissioner for Human Rights. 2017. ““Plowing up the courts" - Adam Bodnar for Onet.pl on changes in the judicial system”. July 19, 2017. Available online at: https://www.rpo.gov.pl/en/content/%E2%80%9Cplowing-courts-adam-bodnar-onetpl- changes-judicial-system.

Council of Europe: Consultative Council of European Judges (CCJE). 2008. “Declaration concerning the pracitce of judicial appointments in Poland”. November, 12-14, 2008. Available online at: http://www.hfhrpol.waw.pl/precedens/images/stories/Pdfy/deklaracja.pdf.

Czarnota, Adam. 2017. “Prawnicy naznaczeni socjalizmem”. Gazeta Prawna, June 11, 2017. Available online at: https://prawo.gazetaprawna.pl/artykuly/1049466,prawnicy-wymiar- sprawiedliwosci-czarnota.html.

Dąbrowski, Stanisław. 2010. “Kilka uwag o kondycji sędziów”. Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa, No. 2, pp. 40–45.

Davis, Christian. 2018. “They’re trying to break me’: Polish judges face state-led intimidation”. The Guardian, June 18, 2018. Available online at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jun/19/theyre-trying-to-break-me-polish- judges-face-state-led-intimidation?CMP=share_btn_link. de Búrca, Grainne and Sadurski, Wojciech. 2018. “Open Letter to Vice-President Frans Timmermans”. Verfassungsblog, June 9, 2018. Available online at: https://verfassungsblog.de/open-letter-to-vice-president-frans-timmermans/.

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Ereciński, Tadeusz. 1994. “Rola rady sądownictwa w państwie demokratycznym”. Przegląd Sejmovy, No. 5, pp. 3–18.

European Commission. 2018. “ Flash Eurobarometer 461: Perceived independence of the national justice systems in the EU among the general public”. Available online at: https://data.europa.eu/euodp/data/dataset/S2168_461_ENG.

European Network of Councils for the Judiciary (ENCJ). 2015. “Independence and Accountability of the Judiciary and of the Prosecution. NCJ Report 2014-2015”. June 5, 2015. Available online at: https://www.encj.eu/images/stories/pdf/workinggroups/independence/encj_report_indepe ndence_accountability_2014_2015_adopted_ga_corr_2016.pdf.

INPRIS. 2018. “Justice Defence Committee (KOS) is set up”. Available online at: http://www.inpris.pl/en/whats-going-on-at-inpris/article/t/powstal-komitet-obrony- sprawiedliwosci-kos/.

IUSTITIA: Polish Judges Association. 2018. “The response of the Polish Judges Association „Iustitia” to the White Paper on the Reform of the Polish Judiciary presented to the European Commission by the Government of the Republic of Poland”. March 24, 2018. Available online at: https://www.iustitia.pl/images/pliki/response_to_the_white_paper_full.pdf.

Kociołowicz-Wiśniewska, Bogna and Pilitowski, Bartosz. 2017. “Ocena polskiego sądownictwa w świetle badań”. Court Watch Foundation Poland, May 2017). Available online at: https://courtwatch.pl/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Raport-Fundacji-Court-Watch-Polska- Ocena-polskich-s%C4%85d%C3%B3w-w-%C5%9Bwietle-bada%C5%84-maj-2017.pdf.

Koncewicz, Tomasz T. 2018. “The Court is dead, long live the courts? On judicial review in Poland in 2017 and „judicial space” beyond”. Verfassungsblog, March 8, 2018. Available online at: https://verfassungsblog.de/the-court-is-dead-long-live-the-courts-on-judicial- review-in-poland-in-2017-and-judicial-space-beyond/.

Krajova Rada Sądownictwa. 2017. “Opinia Krajowej Rady Sądownictwa dotycząca poselskiego projektu zmiany ustawy – Prawo o ustroju sądów powszechnych”. May 12, 2017. Available online at: http://www.krs.pl/pl/aktualnosci/d,2017,5/4782,opinia-krajowej-rady- sadownictwa-dotyczaca-poselskiego-projektu-zmiany-ustawy-prawo-o-ustroju-sadow- powszechnych. Łętowska, Ewa. 2017. “Sądy odarte z godności”. Kultura Liberalna, February 21, 2017. Available online at: http://kulturaliberalna.pl/2017/02/21/ewa-letowska-wywiad-sady- reforma/.

Lora, Joanna. 2009. “Komunikacja sądów z obywatelami – badania empiryczne, wnioski, rekomendacje zmian”. Warsaw: Helsińska Fundacja Praw Człowieka. Available online at: https://for.org.pl/upload/File/raporty/Raport_Komunikacja_Sadow_z_obywatelami_WEB_FI NAL.pdf.

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Lyman, Rick. 2017. “In Poland, An Assault on Courts Provokes Outrage”. The New York Times, July 19, 2017. Available online at: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/19/world/europe/poland-courts-law-and-justice- party.html.

Matczak, Marcin. 2018. “The Rule of Law in Poland: A Sorry Spectacle”. Verfassungsblog, March 1, 2018. Available online at: https://verfassungsblog.de/the-rule-of-law-in-poland-a- sorry-spectacle.

Mikuli, Piotr. 2014. “Konstytucyjność wyboru sędziów sądów powszechnych do KRS”. Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa, No. 4, pp. 9–12.

Morawiecki, Mateusz. 2017. “Why My Government is Reforming Poland’s Judiciary”. Washington Examiner, December 13, 2017. Available online at: https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/prime-minister-mateusz-morawiecki-why-my- government-is-reforming-polands-judiciary.

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (ESCE). 2010. “The Kyiv Recommendations on Judicial Independence in Eastern Europe, South Caucasus and Central Asia: Challenges, Reforms and Way Forward”. June23-25, 2010. Available online at: http://www.osce.org/odihr/71178.

Portal Orzeczeń Sądóv Powszechnych. 2019. “The database of the ordinary courts”. Avalilable online at: https://orzeczenia.ms.gov.pl/.

Program Spraw Precedensowych. 2007. “Oświadczenie Międzynarodowej Komisji Prawników”. November 6, 2007. Available online at: http://www.hfhrpol.waw.pl/precedens/aktualnosci/oswiadczenie-miedzynarodowej- komisji-prawnikow.html.

Rzeczpospolita. 2012. “Stara szkoła sędziowska”. October 6, 2012. Available online at: https://www.rp.pl/artykul/939507-Stara-szkola-sedziowska.html.

Sadurski, Wojciech. 2018. “How Democracy Dies (in Poland): A Case Study of Anti- Constitutional Populist Backsliding”. Sydney Law School Research Paper, No. 18/01, January 17, 2018.

Sejm Library. 1952. “Constitution of the People’s Republic of Poland of 22 July 1952”. Official Journal 1952, No 33. Available online at: http://libr.sejm.gov.pl/tek01/txt/kpol/e1976.html.

Siedlecka, Ewa. 2016. “Jak to sędziowie się samooczyszczali”. Gazeta Wyborcza, September 26, 2016. Available online at: http://wyborcza.pl/1,75968,20746326,jak-to-sedziowie-sie- samooczyszczali.html?disableRedirects=true.

Siedlecka, Ewa. 2018. “Bez końca, do grobowej deski, czyli zemsta na PRL. Ewa Siedlecka o 30 latach rozliczeń z komunizmem”. OKOPRESS, March 10, 2018. Available online at:

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Szczucki, Krzysztof. 2016. “Komentarz do artykułu 186 Konstytucji RP”. In Marek Safjan and Łukasz Bosek (eds.). Konstytucja RP: komentarz. Warszawa: C.H. Beck.

United Nations: Human Rights Council. 2018. “Report of the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers on his mission to Poland”. April 5, 2018. A/HRC/38/38/Add1. Available online at: https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/38/38/Add.1.

Zawiślak, Katarzyna. 2012. “Pozycja ustrojowa, kompetencje i skład Krajowej Rady Sądownictwa”. Iustitia, Vol. 3, No. 9. Available online at: http://www.kwartalnikiustitia.pl/pozycja-ustrojowa-kompetencje-i-sklad-krajowej-rady- sadownictwa,3702.

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17. Romania

Bobek, Michal and Kosař, David. 2014. “Global Solutions, Local Damages: A Critical Study in Judicial Councils in Central and Eastern Europe”. German Law Journal, Vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 1257– 1292. Ciobanu, Viorel Mihai. 2008. “Articolul 133”. in Ioan Muraru and Elena-Simina Tănăsescu (eds.). Constitutia Romaniei. Comentariu pe articole. Bucuresti: C.H.Beck, pp. 1259–1265.

Consiliul Superior al Magistraturii. 2014. “Rapoarte privind starea justiţiei pe anul 2014”. Available online at: http://old.csm1909.ro/csm/index.php?cmd=24.

Consiliul Superior al Magistraturii. 2015. “Rapoarte privind starea justiţiei pe anul 2015”. Available online at: http://old.csm1909.ro/csm/index.php?cmd=24.

Consiliul Superior al Magistraturii. 2017. “Rapoarte privind starea justiţiei pe anul 2016”. Available online at: https://www.csm1909.ro/PageDetails.aspx?PageId=267&FolderId=3570.

Digi 24. 2017. “Plenul CSM: Legea răspunderii magistraţilor nu este necesară”. January 12, 2017. Available online at: https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/csm-legea-raspunderii- magistratilor-nu-este-oportuna-648378.

Dima, Bogdan. 2016. “The Authority of the Judicial Power”. In Rodica Aida Popa (ed.). The Dialogue between the Judiciary from Romania and the other Authorities of State in the Consolidation of the Rule of Law. București: Universul Juridic.

Dima, Bogdan and Tănăsescu, Elena-Simina (eds.). 2012. Reforma constituțională: analiză și proiecții. București: Hamangiu.

European Commission. 2007. “Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and Council on Romania’s progress on accompanying measures following Accession”. COM(2007) 378 final. Available online at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52007DC0378&from=EN.

European Commission. 2011. “Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and Council on Progress in Romania under the Co-operation and Verification Mechanism”. COM(2011) 460 final. Available online at: https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2011/EN/1-2011-460-EN-F1-1.Pdf.

European Commission. 2012. “Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and Council on Progress in Romania under the Co-operation and Verification Mechanism. Interim Report”. COM(2012) 56 final. Available online at: https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2012/EN/1-2012-56-EN-F1-1.Pdf.

European Commission. 2016. “Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and Council on Progress in Romania under the Co-operation and Verification Mechanism”.

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COM(2016) 41 final. Available online at: https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2016/EN/1-2016-41-EN-F1-1.PDF.

European Commission. 2017. “Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and Council on Progress in Romania under the Co-operation and Verification Mechanism”. SWD(2017) 25 final. Available online at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52017SC0025&from=en.

European Commission. 2017. “Standard Eurobarometer 88: Public opinion in the European Union”. Available online at: http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/getSurveyDetail/inst ruments/STANDARD/surveyKy/2143.

Forumul Judecatorilor. 2018. “Memoriu amicus curiae pentru Curtea Constitutionala a Romaniei”. Available online at: http://www.forumuljudecatorilor.ro/wp- content/uploads/Amicus-curiae-CCR-legile-justitiei.pdf.

Garoupa, Nuno and Ginsburg, Tom. 2009. “Guarding the Guardians: Judicial Councils and Judicial Independence”. The American Journal of Comparative Law, Vol. 57, Issue 1, pp. 103– 134.

Gavreliuc, Alin. 2017. “Dreptatea” și „apărătorii dreptății” în imaginarul social românesc. Studiu de caz- corupția”. In Raluca Bercea and Alexandra Mercescu (eds.). Despre juriști. București: Universul juridic, pp. 326–350.

Ghitcuta, Gabriela. 2016. “Încrederea românilor în justiţie şi sistemul judiciar în scădere accentuată - Eurobarometru”. August 17, 2016. Available online at: http://www.mediafax.ro/social/increderea-romanilor-in-justitie-si-sistemul-judiciar-in- scadere-accentuata-eurobarometru-15574460.

Gozmei, Victor. 2013. “Judecatorii Cristi Danilet si Alina Ghica au fost revocati din CSM / Judecatorul Adrian Bordea a fost ales vicepresedinte”. February 26, 2013. Available online at: https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-esential-14305057-decisiva-csm-alegerea-vicepresedintelui- revocarea-judecatorilor-cristi-danilet-alina-ghica-ordinea-plenului.htm.

Guțan, Manuel. 2014. “Judicial Culture as Vector of Legal Europeanization”. In Manuel Guțan and Bianca Selejan-Guțan (eds.). Europeanization and Judicial Culture in Contemporary Democracies. București: Hamangiu, pp. 1–22.

Iancu, Bogdan. 2010. “Post-Accession Constitutionalism with a Human Face: Judicial Reform and Lustration in Romania”. European Constitutional Law Review, Vol. 6, Issue 1, pp. 28–58.

Iancu, Bogdan. 2016. “Standards of good governance and peripheral constitutionalism. The case of post-accession Romania”. In Alberto Febbrajo and Giancarlo Corsi (eds.). Sociology of Constitutions: A Paradoxical Perspective. New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 180–197.

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Iancu, Bogdan. 2017. “Perils of Sloganised Constitutional Concepts Notably that of ‘Judicial Independence’”. European Constitutional Law Review, Vol. 13, Issue 3, 582–599.

Inspectia Judiciară. 2017. “Report of the Judicial Inspection on 2016”. Available online at: http://old.csm1909.ro/csm/linkuri/09_03_2017__86944_ro.pdf.

Inspectia Judiciară. 2018. “Report of the Judicial Inspection on 2017”. Available online at: http://old.csm1909.ro/csm/linkuri/07_03_2018__90791_ro.pdf.

Kosař, David. 2016. Perils of Judicial Self-Government in Transitional Societies. New York, NY: Cambridge UP.

Kühn, Zdeněk. 2004. “Worlds Apart: Western and Central European Judicial Culture at the Onset of the European Enlargement”. The American Journal of Comparative Law, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 531–567.

Official Journal of the European Union. 2006. “Commission Decision of 13 December 2006 establishing a mechanism for cooperation and verification of progress in Romanie to address specific benchmarks in the areas of judicial reform and the fight against corruption”. C(2006) 6569. Available online at: https://eur- lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:354:0056:0057:EN:PDF.

Părău, Cristina E. 2012. “The Drive for Judicial Supremacy”. In Anja Seibert-Fohr (ed.). Judicial Independence in Transition. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 619–666.

Popa, Ion. 2011. Consiliul Superior al Magistraturii din România – de la succes instituțional la eșec funcțional. București: Universul Juridic.

Selejan-Guțan, Bianca. 2010. “Transitional Constitutionalism and Transitional Justice in Post- communist States – The Romanian Case”. Romanian Journal of Comparative Law, Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp. 283–310.

Selejan-Guțan, Bianca. 2014. “Human Rights - An Element of the European Judicial Culture”. In Manuel Guțan and Bianca Selejan-Guțan (eds.). Europeanization and Judicial Culture in Contemporary Democracies. București: Hamangiu, pp. 202–219.

Selejan-Guțan, Bianca. 2016. The Constitution of Romania: A Contextual Analysis. Oxford: Bloomsbury-Hart Publishing.

Selejan-Guțan, Bianca. 2017. “We Don’t Need No Constitution’– On a Sad EU Membership Anniversary in Romania”. Verfassungsblog. Available online at: http://verfassungsblog.de/we-dont-need-no-constitution-on-a-sad-eu-membership- anniversary-in-romania/.

Selejan-Guțan, Bianca. 2018. “Failing to Struggle or Struggling to Fail? On the New Judiciary Legislation Changes in Romania”. Verfassungsblog. Available online at:

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Spinei, Sebastian. 2010. Organizarea profesiilor juridice liberale. Bucuresti: Universul Juridic.

Stângă, Ortansa and Puiu, Valentina. 1998. Geneza Constituției României 1991: Lucrările Adunării Constituante. București: Monitorul Oficial.

Stirile TVR. 2013. “Disputele din CSM: Conflict între judecători şi procurori, alegeri netransparente”. January 7, 2013. Available online at: http://stiri.tvr.ro/disputele-din-csm- conflict-intre-judecatori-si-procurori-alegeri-netransparente_25751.html#view.

Tănăsescu, Elena-Simina and Popescu, Ramona. 2012. “Romanian High Judicial Council – Between Analogy of Law and Ethical Trifles”. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, No. 36, pp. 165–176.

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18. Slovak Republic

Beetham, David. 2013. The Legitimation of Power, 2nd edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Bobek, Michal. 2008. “The Fortress of Judicial Independence and the Mental Transitions of the Central European Judiciaries”. European Public Law, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 99–123.

Bobek, Michal and Kosař, David. 2015. “Global Solutions, Local Damages: A Critical Study in Judicial Councils in Central and Eastern Europe”. German Law Journal, Vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 1257– 1292.

Bojarski, Łukasz and Köster, Werner Stemker. 2012. The Slovak Judiciary: its current state and challenges. Bratislava: Open Society Foundation.

Bröstl, Alexander. 2003. “At the Crossroads on the Way to an Independent Slovak Judiciary”. In Jiři Přibáň, Pauline Roberts and James Young (eds.). Systems of Justice in Transition: Central and Eastern European Experiences Since 1989. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, pp. 141–159.

Buchanan, Allen and Keohane, Robert O. 2006. “The Legitimacy of Global Governance Institutions”. Ethics & International Affairs, Vol. 20, Issue 4, pp. 405–437.

Bunce, Valerie J. and Wolchik, Sharon L. 2011. Defeating Authoritarian Leaders in Post- Communist Countries. New York, NY: Cambridge UP.

Burbank Stephen B. and Friedman, Barry. 2002. “Reconsidering Judicial Independence”. In Stephen B. Burbank and Barry Friedman (eds.). Judicial independence at the crossroads: an interdisciplinary approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 9–44.

Burčík, Matúš. 2013. “Harabin dostane za potvrdenie telefonátu so Sadikim 150-tisíc eur”. SME, November 6, 2013. Available online at: https://domov.sme.sk/c/6996918/harabin- dostane-za-potvrdenie-telefonatu-so-sadikim-150-tisic-eur.html.

Çalı, Başak; Koch, Anne and Bruch, Nicola. 2013. “The Legitimacy of Human Rights Courts, A Grounded Interpretivist Analysis of the European Court of Human Rights”. Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 955–984.

Čaputová, Zuzana and Kováčechová, Eva. 2012. Prístup k spravodlivosti. Bariéry a východiská. Vybrané aspekty disciplinárního súdnictva. Pezinok: VIA IURIS.

Dyzenhaus, David. 1999. Legality and Legitimacy: Carl Schmitt, Hans Kelsen and Herman Heller in Weimar. Oxford: Oxford UP.

Dyzenhaus, David. 2003. Judging the Judges, Judging Ourselves: Truth, Reconciliation and the Apartheid Legal Order. Portland, OR: Hart Publishing.

European Commission. 1998. “Regular Report From the Commission on Slovakia’s Progress towards Accession”. Available online at: https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood- enlargement/sites/near/files/archives/pdf/key_documents/1998/slovakia_en.pdf.

European Commission. 1999. “1999 Regular Report From the Commission on Slovakia’s Progress towards Accession”. Available online at: https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood- enlargement/sites/near/files/archives/pdf/key_documents/1999/slovakia_en.pdf.

European Commission. 2001 “2001 Regular Report on Slovakia’s progress towards accession”. SEC(2001)1754. Available online at: https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood- enlargement/sites/near/files/archives/pdf/key_documents/2001/sk_en.pdf.

European Commission. 2016. “The 2016 EU Justice Scoreboard”. COM(2016) 199final. Available online at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/justice_scoreboard_2016_en.pdf.

FOCUS. 2015. “Percepcia korupcie na Slovensku. Prieskum verejnej mienky pre Transparency International Slovensko”. Available online at: http://www.transparency.sk/wp- content/uploads/2015/05/FOCUS-Percepcia-korupcie-na-Slovensku-feb.2015.pdf.

Geyh, Charles G. 2003. “Judicial Independence, Judicial Accountability, and the role of Constitutional Norms in Congressional Regulation of the Courts”. Indiana Law Journal, Vol. 78, Issue 1, pp. 153–221.

Gibson, James L.; Caldeira, Gregory A. and Baird, Vanessa A. 1998. “On the Legitimacy of National High Courts”. The American Political Science Review, Vol. 92, No. 2, pp. 343–358.

Haughton, Tim. 2014. “Exit Choice and Legacy: Explaining Patterns of Party Politics in Post- communist Slovakia”. East European Politics, Vol. 30, Issue 2, pp. 210–229.

Janos, Andrew C. 2000. East Central Europe in the Modern World: The Politics of the Borderlands from Pre- to Postcommunism. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP.

Kitschelt, Herbert. 1999. Post-Communist Party Systems: Competition, Representation, and Inter-Party Cooperation. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Kosař, David. 2016. Perils of Judicial Self-Government in Transitional Societies. New York, NY: Cambridge UP.

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Kosař, David and Spáč, Samuel. 2017. “Predsedovia súdov: Od ministerských “spojok” k autonómnym aktérom”. In Erik Láštic and Samuel Spáč (eds.). Nedotkunteľní? Politika sudcovských kariér na Slovensku v rokoch 1993 – 2015. Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského, pp. 130–153.

Kovanič, Martin and Spáč, Samuel. 2017. “Vyrovnanie sa s minulosťou v sudcovskom stave”. In Erik Láštic and Samuel Spáč (eds.). Nedotkunteľní? Politika sudcovských kariér na Slovensku v rokoch 1993 – 2015. Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského, pp. 37–60.

Kühn, Zdeněk. 2009. “Socialistická Justice”. In Michal Bobek, Pavel Molek and Vojtěch Šimíček (eds.). Komunistické právo v Československu: Kapitoly z dějin bezpráví. Brno: Mezinárodní politologický ústav, Masarykova univerzita, pp. 822–847.

Láštic, Erik and Spáč, Samuel. 2014. “Slovakia / Slovaquie”. European Review of Public Law, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 1209–1221.

Lewicki, Roy J.; McAllister, Daniel J. and Bies, Robert J. 1998. “Trust and Distrust: New Relationships and Realities”. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 438–458.

Möllers, Christoph. 2013. The Three Branches: A Comparative Model Separation of Powers. Oxford: Oxford UP.

Ovádek, Michal. 2017. “‘‘Unrichtiges Recht“ in Slovakia? The Radbruch Formula and Positive Law from the Nineties”. Verfassungsblog, February 7, 2017. Available online at: https://verfassungsblog.de/unrichtiges-recht-in-slovakia-the-radbruch-formula-and-positive- law-from-the-nineties/.

Palúš, Juraj. 2015. “Právna úprava výberu sudcov na Slovensku”. In Kristína Babiaková (ed.). Prístup k spravodlivosti – Bariéry a východiská: Výber sudcov. Pezinok: VIA IURIS, pp. 21–27.

Popova, Maria. 2012. Politicized Justice in Emerging Democracies: A study of Courts in Russia and Ukraine. New York, NY: Cambridge UP.

Portal Pluska. 2009. “Červená pre Harabina”. Pluska, June 10, 2009. Available online at: http://www.pluska.sk/old/aktuality/cervena-pre-harabina.html.

Prušová, Veronika.2010. “Harabin: Diplomati si kupujú sudcov darčekmi”. SME, May 20, 2010. Available online at: https://domov.sme.sk/c/5383790/harabin-diplomati-si-kupuju-sudcov- darcekmi.html.

Prušová, Veronika. 2013. “Šefka súdu pomohla náhode aj pri pridelení Harabinovej žaloby”. SME, May 5, 2013. Available online at: https://domov.sme.sk/c/6790835/sefka-sudu- pomohla-nahode-aj-pri-prideleni-harabinovej-zaloby.html.

Richards, Sidney W. 2008. “Survey article: the legitimacy of Supreme Courts in the context of globalization”. Utrecht Law Review, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 104–127.

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Rohárik, Pavol. “The Judiciary and Its Transition in Slovakia after 1989”. In Jiři Přibáň, Pauline Roberts and James Young (eds.). Systems of Justice in Transition: Central and Eastern European Experiences Since 1989. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, pp. 213–229.

Sajó, András and Losonci, Vera. 1993. “Rule by Law in East Central Europe: Is the Emperor’s New Suit a Straightjacket? ” In Douglas Greenberg, Stanley N. Katz, Melanie Beth Oliviero and Steven C. Wheatley (eds.). Constitutionalism and Democracy: Transitions in the Contemporary World. New York, NY: Oxford UP, pp. 321–337.

Schmitt, Carl. 2004. Legality and Legitimacy. Durham, NC: Duke UP 2004.

Schwab, Klaus and Sala-i-Martín, Xavier. 2016. The Global Competitiveness Report 2015-2016. World Economic Forum. Available online at: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/gcr/2015- 2016/Global_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.

Shetreet, Shimon. 2011. “Judicial Independence and accountability: core values in liberal democracies”. In Hoong Phun Lee (ed.). Judiciaries in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, pp. 3-24.

Šimečka, Martin M. 2012. “The Crooked Judges of Slovakia”. RESPEKT, November 20, 2012. Available online at: https://www.respekt.cz/respekt-in-english/the-crooked-judges-of- slovakia.

Šipoš, Gabreil; Spáč, Samuel and Klátik, Peter. 2013. “Kto je s kým rodina na našich súdoch”. SME, November 20, 2013. Available online at: https://transparency.blog.sme.sk/c/342665/Kto-je-s-kym-rodina-na-nasich-sudoch.html.

Spáč, Samuel. 2013. Judiciary Development after the Breakdown of Communism in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (MA Thesis). Budapest: Central European University.

Spáč, Samuel. 2015. “Judging the Judges: Measuring Performance of District Court Judges in Slovakia”. Unpublished manuscript. Available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285589433_Judging_the_Judges_Measuring_Per formance_of_District_Court_Judges_in_Slovakia.

Spáč, Samuel. 2017. By the Judges, For the Judges: The study of judicial selection in Slovakia. (Dissertation Thesis). Bratislava: Comenius University.

Spáč, Samuel; Šimalčík, Matej and Šípoš, Gabriel. 2018. Let’s Judge the Judges: How Slovakia Opened its Judiciary to Unprecedented Public Control. Bratislava: Transparency International Slovakia.

Staroňová, Katarína. 2008. “Projekt ‚Súdny manažment‘ ako protikorupčný nástroj”. In Emília Sičáková Beblavá and Miroslav Beblavý (eds.). Jedenásť statočných: Prípadové štúdie protikorupčných nástrojov na Slovensku. Bratislava: Transparency International Slovakia, pp. 215–229.

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Stephenson, Matthew C. 2016. Specialized anti-corruption courts: Slovakia. U4 Anti- Corruption Resource Centre. Available online at: https://www.u4.no/publications/specialised-anti-corruption-courts-slovakia.pdf.

Stillman, Peter G. 1974. “The Concept of Legitimacy”. Polity, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 32–56.

Suchman, Mark C. 1995. “Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches”. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 571–610.

Svák, Ján. 2008. “Slovenská skúsenosť s optimalizáciou modelu správy súdnictva”. In Jan Kysela (ed.). Hledání optimálneho modelu správy soudnictví pro Českou republiku. Praha: Kancelář Senátu.

Uzelac, Alan. 2010. “Survival of the Third Tradition”. Supreme Court Law Review, Vol. 49, pp. 377–396.

Waldron, Jeremy. 2013. “Separation of Powers in Thought and Practice?” Boston College Law Review, Vol. 54, Issue 2, pp. 433–468.

Wolfrum, Rudiger and Roben, Volker (eds.). 2008. Legitimacy in International Law. Heidelberg: Springer.

Yusuf, Hakeem O. 2008. “Calling the Judiciary to Account for the Past: Transitional Justice and Judicial Accountability in Nigeria”. Law & Policy, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 194–226.

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Za otvorenú justíciu. 2011. “14 disciplinárnych konaní sudcov – 14 otáznikov”. Available online at: http://www.sudcovia.sk/sk/dokumenty/disciplinarne-konania/406-14disck-14ot.

Žilinčík, Pavol and Spáč, Samuel. 2017. “Selektívna zúčtovateľnosť: Príklady z disciplinárneho súdnictva”. In Erik Láštic and Samuel Spáč (eds.). Nedotkunteľní? Politika sudcovských kariér na Slovensku v rokoch 1993 – 2015. Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského, pp. 154–174.

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19. Slovenia

Avbelj, Matej. 2014. “Failed Democracy: The Slovenian Patria Case – (Non)Law in Context”. SSRN Papers. Available online at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2462613.

Avbelj, Matej. 2014. “Zadeva Patria – (ne)pravo v kontekstu”. Pravna praksa, No. 26.

Avbelj, Matej. 2014. “Crises and Perspectives in Building a European Nation – The Case of Slovenia”. In Peter Jambrek and Matej Avbelj (eds.). Nation's Transitions: Social and Legal Issues of Slovenia's Transitions: 1945-2015, (Slovenia 1945-2015). Kranj: Graduate School of Government and European Studies; Nova Gorica: European Faculty of Law.

Avbelj, Matej. 2015. Nepravna država: Zapisi o zadevi Patria (2011–2015). Ljubljana: GV Založba.

Avbelj, Matej. 2016. “Sistem demokratične neodgovornosti”. Ius kolumna, April 22, 2016. Available online at: https://www.insolvinfo.si/DnevneVsebine/Kolumna.aspx?id=167975.

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Mežnar, Špelca. 2014. “Zasebno življenje sodnice”. Pravna praksa, No. 20. Available online at: https://www.pravnapraksa.si/LITE/Kazalo.aspx?Src=zNblVXQY1zSI0YqaH4aXVo6XMfILfOIToJ DyX1hZmlS6UijOCoDNPftxZBkKELiFJo/6SjAmC6Y=.

Mrva, Blaž. 2012. “Za objavo imen sodnikov v objavljenih sodbah”. Pravna praksa, No. 6–7, p. 21. Available online at: https://www.pravnapraksa.si/Lite/Kazalo.aspx?Src=NVnl%2FcNhY0t4LlGNvRfNBVkIwPytu9Q Pz7Bpe0LJZYlf3Ye9jJfkJJ6zj7czkbcAX4isj9kio7LFDWYXolUd2w%3D%3D.

Murgel, Jasna. 2015. “Nedopusten poseg v sodstvo? Strah je odveč!” Pravna praksa, No. 16, pp. 12–13. Available online at: https://www.pravnapraksa.si/LITE/Kazalo.aspx?Src=5fphY2yrmhDl7JZo0uGOX2EhiFcvyjhjz%

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Novak, Marko. 2013. “Institucionalna podhranjenost slovenskega sodnega sveta”. Pravna praksa, No. 23, p. 17. Available online at: https://www.pravnapraksa.si/LITE/Kazalo.aspx?Src=s82nWnCXoAIvpzv5Fy9J7JHAT6PNfoxaA n%2FIFDrNupmxwahLprw2dcm0TarQk0x8yNF8MCVhska%2B3HDKH8OD9tmM6tT7jjks4gzjrx 8Fcp%2FdqJLzwf%2FysvWCmEdgYitn.

Novak, Marko. 2016. “Navidezna moč slovenskega Sodnega sveta”. Ius kolumna, July 4, 2016. Available online at: https://www.insolvinfo.si/DnevneVsebine/Kolumna.aspx?Id=173188.

Novak, Marko. 2016. “Nevarno razmerje: politika nad Sodnim svetom”. Ius kolumna, October 24, 2016. Available online at: https://www.insolvinfo.si/DnevneVsebine/Kolumna.aspx?Id=180818.

Novak, Marko. 2016. “Volitve sodnikov – mora Slovenija ostati evropska izjema?” Ius kolumna, August 29, 2016. Available online at: https://www.insolvinfo.si/DnevneVsebine/Kolumna.aspx?Id=176548.

Novak, Marko. 2017. “ZSSve”. Ius kolumna, May 15, 2017. Available online at: https://www.insolvinfo.si/DnevneVsebine/Kolumna.aspx?id=196171.

Pavčnik, Marijan. 2006. “Sodstvo, delitev oblasti in ustava”. Podjetje in delo, No. 6-7, 2006, pp. 1513–1522. Available online at: http://www-novi.ius- software.si/LITE/Kazalo.aspx?Src=zYMFi8FY1csRDXezJ1ItMM8195Hw3WEOAuwgB7zWzxkzT NFTyLCZk%2BM7Fx%2B4QuPZvq%2BrqxrMY5Zn%2FI%2BnYrnGwQ%3D%3D.

Pavčnik, Tomaž. 2011. “Kaj lahko sodstvo stori za ohranitev trajnega mandata?” Pravna praksa, No. 46, p. 33. Available online at: http://www.iusinfo.si/Lite/Kazalo.aspx?Src=5fphY2yrmhDl7JZo0uGOX4y92CEMTaWXh9poIo 2uHYj0I5lXQ2F2bHjG4t85DFzw51MGTft4Z1o%3D.

Pavčnik, Tomaž. 2014. “Ta je zoper nas”. Pravna praksa, No. 9, p. 33. Available online at: https://www.pravnapraksa.si/LITE/Kazalo.aspx?Src=5fphY2yrmhDl7JZo0uGOX6tPkRbIga1uG XDYo%2B4vXfHjYlK0jKn2RP9kwzULmY9oOywTKW8hZX6O3V18UELrwDzZ2osWJi0xbtYXr4kW ExUhoJeSkjhdXw%3D%3D.

Pavliha, Marko. 2000. “Primer Masleša: (ne)uspeh Sodnega sveta?” Pravna praksa, No. 7, pp. 4–6. Available online at: https://www.pravnapraksa.si/LITE/Kazalo.aspx?Src=5fphY2yrmhDl7JZo0uGOX4y92CEMTaW Xzgo8vYppjiDUBRR3%2FUu3EMMdggwGppL5ZPaxfXZ93ZTIHhjXTEtqKKtqQEt7YpOnnujV7BNi oMcKHAfb5FLca9pkc3ZojlWZoeeiQDmVSf4%3D.

Peternel, Mateja Končina. 2013. “Moč in avtoriteta sodnikov morata postati del nacionalne kulture”. Pravna praksa, No. 33, p. 3. Available online at:

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Republika Slovenija, Državni Zbor. 1991. “Constitutional Act Implementing the Basic Constitutional Charter on the Sovereignty and Independence of the Republic of Slovenia”. OJ RS, No. 1I/1991.

Republika Slovenija, Ministerstvo za Pravosodje. 2018. “Služba za nadzor organizacije poslovanja sodišč”. Available online at: http://www.mp.gov.si/si/delovna_podrocja/sluzba_za_nadzor_organizacije_poslovanja_sodi sc/.

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Šorli, Marko. 2013. “Neučinkovit sodni sistem – uspešno vodenje?” Pravna praksa, No. 3, p. 3. Available online at: https://www.pravnapraksa.si/LITE/Kazalo.aspx?Src=zNblVXQY1zSI0YqaH4aXVo6XMfILfOITM eWk6JydB1xO0I0cFuPgHJF04VGeV3kxFVB21PmaJt4=.

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Virant, Gregor. 2007. “Sodstvo – močna veja oblasti in hkrati učinkovit servis”. Pravna praksa, No. 3, pp. 6–7. Available online at: https://www.pravnapraksa.si/Lite/Kazalo.aspx?Src=zYMFi8FY1csHyTOnCa4i8mgzAAeLpBNB3 aWI62o52XdUraH%2BrIQLVbGhbV%2Boj8Y2rT%2BgUzrBcXxGcBG%2F0TLzIGFm2OzwX5fegY EOckmgvaZoCOKFH4yPD3w1q%2Bd2u6SF.

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Zalar, Aleš. 2002. “Minister za pravosodje, Sodni svet in sodniki”. Podjetje in delo, No. 6–7, p. 1280. Available online at: http://www.iusinfo.si/Lite/Kazalo.aspx?Src=zYMFi8FY1cv6Ye2Y9Kzmol%2BhJDcwt1cF8CFHIu lcbtaDlBQ4Km9Jt3diB7sXU3IkNyySrezHepI7htvOyY8EMLlS84td4sym.

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Zobec, Jan. 2012. “Mehki trebuh slovenskega sodstva”. Delo, December 8, 2012. Available online at: http://www.delo.si/mnenja/gostujoce-pero/mehki-trebuh-slovenskega- sodstva.html.

Zobec, Jan. 2016. “Sodniški novi razred”. Finance, August 22, 2016. Available online at: https://www.finance.si/8848227.

Zobec, Jan and Černič, Jernej Letnar. 2015. “The Remains of the Authoritarian Mentality within the Slovene Judiciary”. In Michal Bobek (ed.). Central European Judges under the European Influence: The Transformative Power of the EU Revisited. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 125–148.

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20. Turkey

Aras, Bülent and Çapa, Ömer. 2003. “Fethullah Gülen and His Liberal ‘Turkish Islam’ Movement”. In Rubin Barry (ed.). Revolutionaries and Reformers: Contemporary Islamist Movements in the Middle East. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. Bâli, Aslı. 2010. “Unpacking Turkey’s ‘Court-Packing’ Referendum”. Middle East Research and Information Project, November 5, 2010. Available online at: https://www.merip.org/mero/mero110510.

Bâli, Aslı. 2012. “ of Judicial Independence: Constitutional Transition and the Turkish Example”. Virginia Journal of International Law, Vol. 52, Issue 2, pp. 235–320.

Baltacı, Cemal. 2013. “Demokrasi ve Yargı Bağımsızlığı Bağlamında Türkiye’de Hakimler ve Savcılar Yüksek Kurulu”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 157–168.

Başkan-Canyaş, Filiz and Canyaş, F. Orkunt. 2015. “The interplay between formal and informal institutions in Turkey: the case of the Fethullah Gülen community”. Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 52, Issue 2, pp. 280–294.

Belge, Ceren. 2006. “Friends of the Court: Republican Alliance and Selective Activism of the Constitutional Court of Turkey”. Law & Society Review, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 653–692.

Bjönberg, Kjell and Richmond, Paul. 2004. “The Functioning of the Judicial System in the Republic of Turkey: Report of an Advisory Visit, 11 – 19 July 2004”. European Commission. Available online at: https://ingel.home.xs4all.nl/ankara/advisory%20report%20II.pdf.

Burak Çelik. 2012. Hakimler ve Savcılar Yüksek Kurulu: Yapısal Açıdan Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme. Istanbul: On İki Levha Yayıncılık.

Çelenk, Ayşe Aslıhan. 2016. “The myth of ‘independent judiciary’: the evolution of judiciary- executive relations in Turkish politics”. Contemporary Politics, Vol. 22, Issue 2, pp. 232–247.

Coşkun, Ceren. 2010. “Don’t sweeten the bitter pill of an illiberal democracy”. OpenDemocracy, September 10, 2010. Available online at: https://www.opendemocracy.net/ceren-coskun/don%E2%80%99t-sweeten-bitter-pill-of- illiberal-democracy.

Coşkun, Vahap. 2010. “Turkey’s Illiberal Judiciary: Cases and Decisions”. Insight Turkey, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 43–67.

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Emrah Oder, Bertil. 2017. “Turkey’s ultimate shift to a presidential systém: the most recent constitutional amendments in details”. Constitutionnet, January 31, 2017. Available online at:

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Esen, Berk and Gumuscu, Sebnem. 2016. “Rising competitive authoritarianism in Turkey”. Third World Quarterly, Vol. 37, Issue 9, pp. 1581–1606.

European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission). 2010. “Interim Opinion on the Draft Law on the High Council for Judges and Prosecutors (of 27 September 2010) of Turkey”. CDL-AD(2010)042. Available online at: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2010)042-e.

European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission). 2011. “Opinion on the Draft Law on Judges and Prosecutors of Turkey”. CDL-AD(2011)004. Available online at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/d- tr/dv/1128_17_/1128_17_en.pdf.

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