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Trematoda) Eric Edward Pulis University of Southern Mississippi The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Spring 5-2014 Revision of 13 Genera of Haploporidae (Trematoda) Eric Edward Pulis University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Pulis, Eric Edward, "Revision of 13 Genera of Haploporidae (Trematoda)" (2014). Dissertations. 23. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/23 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi REVISION OF 13 GENERA OF HAPLOPORIDAE (TREMATODA) by Eric Edward Pulis Abstract of a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2014 ABSTRACT REVISION OF 13 GENERA OF HAPLOPORIDAE (TREMATODA) by Eric Edward Pulis May 2014 The Haploporidae is a family of digeneans united by the combination of the possession of a hermaphroditic sac and a single testis or, rarely, two tandem testes. The major divisions in the Haploporidae have been based on the organization, development, and nature of the male and female reproductive systems. Overstreet and Curran (2005) has been the only attempt to organize the genera of the Haploporidae in a subfamilial framework. In the present work the validity of the subfamily Waretrematinae by Overstreet and Curran (2005) is assessed by morphological and molecular methods, based on original descriptions, type and vouchered, specimens and newly collected material for morphology and rDNA sequence data analyses. These analyses conflicted with hypotheses and framework by Overstreet and Curran (2005) in that: (1) Megasoleninae is the basal subfamily within the Haploporidae; (2) Waretrematinae and Haploporinae are not sister groups; (3) species of Spiritestis and Capitimitta, both previously considered members of Waretrema, are not closely related; (4) Waretrematinae was not monophyletic when Unisaccus and New Genus 1, new species are included; (5) species of Unisaccoides and Unisaccus species are closely related; and (6) species of Intromugil are allocated to Chalcinotrematinae rather than Waretrematinae. Reports of Waretrema were determined to comprise members of three different genera. The morphology of Intromugil was accessed by the redescription of I. mugilicolus from newly collected material and a new species is described. Species from the Indo-Pacific ii region possessing spirally arranged pads in the hermaphroditic duct and a caecum were accessed and required changes to the organization and membership of several genera plus changes to the intergeneric relations within the family based on phylogenetic analysis. Members of the genera Platydidymus and Carassotrema were assessed and a new species was described. Two new genera of haploporid were diagnosed, a new species was described for each, and phylogenetic relations are estimated. A new genus and new species of Megaperidae are described, and molecular data were provided for three other species. Previously, megaperid species were members of the Apocreadiidae rather than the Haploporidae. Phylogenetic hypotheses based on Bayesian Inference analysis of an alignment of partial 28S gene sequences of haploporids provide a framework for the evaluation of the interrelationships within the Haploporidae. iii COPYRIGHT BY ERIC EDWARD PULIS 2014 The University of Southern Mississippi REVISION OF 13 GENERA OF HAPLOPORIDAE (TREMATODA) by Eric Edward Pulis A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved: _Robin M. Overstreet__________________ Director _Reginald B. Blaylock_________________ _Richard W. Heard____________________ _Jeffrey M. Lotz______________________ _Maureen A. Ryan____________________ Dean of the Graduate School May 2014 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Working at the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL, Ocean Springs, Mississippi) has been a privilege that I will always look back on fondly. I have been truly lucky to have had the opportunity to work there and learn from all with whom I have come in contact. I would like to extend special thanks to Robin Overstreet for sharing his tremendous knowledge of symbionts with me, especially concerning taxonomy and systematics. I would like to thank my other committee members Reg Blaylock, Jeffery Lotz, and Richard Heard for their direction. I would like to thank laboratory members Michael Andres, Stephen Curran, and Ronnie Palmer for their time spent conversing about and collecting helminths. I am grateful for help with molecular techniques provided by Jean A. Jovonovich and Janet Wright I am grateful to the following people for their contributions to the procurement of Australian hosts, worms, literature, and identification of hosts: Robert Adlard, Michael Andres, Mal Bryant, David Gibson, Gavin Dally, Penny Desouza, Mark Grubert, Jason Lally, Jeff Johnson, Richard Wilan, Rex Williams, and the late Ilan Paperna for specimens of Spiritestis arabii. I thank MengYang Yang, Shanmei Cao, Xiong Xiang Ying, and Xue Juan Ding for assistance in all aspects of traveling and collecting in China; National Marine Fisheries Service personel, especially Alonzo Hamilton, Nick Hopkins, Adam Pollack, Mark Grace, Kevin Rademacher, and the crew of the NOAA research vessels Pisces and Gordon Gunter for assistance in collecting fish; Vasyl Tkach for producing scanning electron microscopy photomicrographs of specimens; Eric P. Hoberg, Patricia Pilitt, Roman Kutchta, Irena Podvyaznaya, Toshiaki Kuramochi, and vi Masaaki Machida for lending specimens; Gui Tang Wang, (Institute of Hydrobiology, China) for attempting to find specimens of Carassotrema; Ervin Otvos, Huang Hailong, Lina Fu, Shuo Shen, Wei Wu, and Hongwei Ma for help with translations. I am grateful to my wife, Kelly Pulis, my daughter, Evelyn Pulis, and my family and friends for their unwavering patience, support, and encouragement. This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. 0529684; the United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration award no. NA08NOS4730322; and by the US Fish and Wildlife Service/Mississippi Department of Marine Resources MSCIAP MS.R.798 Award M10AF20151. This dissertation is not intended as a scientific record (see article 8.2, ICZN, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) for the taxonomic names and nomenclatural acts contained within the dissertation under article 8.3 of the ICZN. This dissertation is not a contribution to the primary scientific literature, nor should it be cited as such. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................ vi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ xi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .......................................................................................... xii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1 II. REVIEW OF PISCINE (TREMATODA) GENERA WITH ORNATE MUSCULARISATION IN THE REGION OF THE ORAL SUCKER, INCLUDING FOUR NEW SPECIES AND A NEW GENUS ................. 4 Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion III. A NEW SPECIES OF INTROMUGIL (DIGENEA: HAPLOPORIDAE) AND REDESCRIPTION OF INTROMUGIL MUGILICOLUS .............. 53 Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion IV. SOME NEW AND OTHER SPECIES OF HAPLOPORIDAE (TREMATODA) POSSESSING A SINGLE CAECUM INFECTING MUGILID FISHES, WITH PHYLOGENETIC AFFINITIES..................75 Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion V. A NEW SPECIES OF CARASSOTREMA (TREMATODA: HAPLOPORIDAE) AND NOTES ON SOME OTHER MEMBERS OF THE GENUS ................................................................................... 125 viii Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion VI. NEW GENUS 1, NEW SPECIES (TREMATODA: HAPLOPORIDAE) ..................................................................................................................175 Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion VII. NEW GENUS 2, NEW SPECIES (TREMATODA: HAPLOPORIDAE) ..................................................................................................................187 Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion VIII. CHANGE IN RANK OF MEGAPERIDAE (TREMATODA) TO THE MEGAPERINAE WITHIN THE APOCREADIIDAE AND DESCRIPTION OF HAINTESTINUM AMPLUM N. G. N. SP. ........... 197 Abstract Introduction Material and Methods Results Discussion APPENDIX..................................................................................................................... 216 REFERENCES............................................................................................................... 218 ix LIST OF TABLES CHAPTER II 1. List of species, hosts, origins and GenBank accession numbers of specimens used in this study .................................................................................................
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