DOCSLIB.ORG

Theconstitutionalmosaicacrossthe Boundaries of the European Union

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Theconstitutionalmosaicacrossthe Boundaries of the European Union The constitutional mosaic across the boundaries of the European Union: citizenship regimes in the new states of South Eastern Europe Jo Shaw Working Paper 2010/07 _,_ IDEAS University of Edinburgh, School of Law The Europeanisation of Citizenship in the Successor States of the Former Yugoslavia (CITSEE) The constitutional mosaic across the boundaries of the European Union: citizenship regimes in the new states of South Eastern Europe Jo Shaw Forthcoming in N. Walker, S. Tierney and J. Shaw (eds.), Europe’s Constitutional Mosaic, Oxford, Hart Publishing, 2010 The Europeanisation of Citizenship in the Successor States of the Former Yugoslavia (CITSEE) CITSEE WorkingPaperSeries2010/07 Edinburgh, Scotland, UK ISSN 2046-4096 The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with registration number SC005336. © 2010 Jo Shaw This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the authors. Requests should be addressed to [email protected] The viewexpressed in thispublicationcannot in any circumstances beregarded as the official position of the European Union. Published in the United Kingdom The University of Edinburgh School of Law Old College, South Bridge Edinburgh, EH8 2QL Scotland, UK www.law.ed.ac.uk/citsee/workingpapers The Europeanisation of Citizenship in the Successor States of the Former Yugoslavia is funded by an Advanced Investigator Award for basic research made to Jo Shaw by the European Research Council and runs for five years from 1 April 2009 (ERC 230239) Forinformation aboutthe Project please visit theprojectwebsite at http://law.ed.ac.uk/citsee CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2010/07 1 The constitutional mosaic across the boundaries of the European Union: citizenship regimes in the new states of South Eastern Europe Jo Shaw, School of Law, University of Edinburgh1 Abstract Thispaper begins byexamining the relationshipbetween citizenship of the European Union and national citizenship, and in particular the significance of EU law for the regulation of the acquisition and loss of citizenship in EU Member States, as part of a wider enquiry into how the citizenship regimes of the seven 'successor states' of the former Yugoslavia can be located within a 'constitutional mosaic' of overlapping and sometimes competing legal norms. It identifies six primary instruments whereby non-state sources of law impact upon the citizenship regimes of these states: compliance with international human rights norms; EU conditionality; direct intervention by international organisations; direct supervision by international organisations; other forms of international pressure; and overlapping citizenship regimes between the successor states. As part of a wider task of shifting attention onto the citizenship regimes of these states in the context of processes of Europeanisation as well as polity-building at the state and regional level, the paper concludes that polity-building and the processes of constructing citizenship regimes will remain closely intertwined for the foreseeable future. Keywords: Yugoslavia, citizenship, Western Balkans, constitutionalism, European Union, law 1. Introduction In anyconstitutional settlement, citizenship claims a central place.This observation is as valid for that dimension of citizenship - often termed nationality under international law - which constitutes and formalises the link between a particular individual and a particular state, as it is for the other dimension which is concerned with the institutions, rights and practices through which a person attains and exercises full membership of a community. Citizenship continues to determine, 1 Salvesen Chair of European Institutions, University of Edinburgh. This paper draws on work ongoing in the context of the European Research Council-funded CITSEE project: The Europeanisation of Citizenship in the Successor States of the Former Yugoslavia (ERC Advanced Grant 230239); I am very grateful to members of the project team (Igor Stiks, Jelena Džankic, Gezim Krasniqi, Eldar Sarajlic and Ljubica Spaskovska for discussion and input; I would also acknowledge the input of Felicita Medved). See http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/citsee for more details of CITSEE, including material such as Country Profiles which have been used in the preparation of this paper. CITSEE works closely with the EUCITAC/EUDO-Citizenship Observatory Project fundedby EC Commission DG JLS (http://eudo-citizenship.eu), basedon a project funded by the British Academy (http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/citmodes). The financial support of all of these funding bodies is acknowledged with thanks. CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2010/07 2 above all, who belongs within a given constitutional settlement and thus who has the right to determine - and to share in - the future. It concerns, in Hannah Arendt's famous phrase, the 'right to have rights', the most basic of rights.2 It is central, therefore, to state-building and to polity-building more generally. Even so, citizenship is rarely just national. For example, international law has taken a position on what constitutes 'nationality' for the purposes of what should be recognised by states, namely a 'genuine link' between the citizen and the state.3 In addition, states frequently sign up voluntarily to a range of international legal instruments which impose conditions and restrictions (e.g. in the name of human rights) upon the answers to the question which is ostensibly one for states alone, namely the definition of 'who is a citizen?'. Sometimes the imposition of international norms results from actions of the international community rather than from the voluntary choices of states. One example would be where it is for the purpose of humanitarian intervention or in order to foster security and stability within a region. Even within states, there may be variation in relation to citizenship rights and practices between different subnational units, especially in federal or quasi-federal states, and - even more frequently - substantial contestation between subnational units and the federal 'centre' around, for example, the question of who 4 should vote in subnational elections. In the light of such challenges to national 'hegemony' over the concept and practices of citizenship, the central task of this paper is to illuminate the network of normative sources which shape the legal status of citizenship in Europe today. For these purposes it looks not only at the paradigm case of multi-level citizenship in Europe today, namely citizenship of the Union under the EU Treaties, but it also uses the case study of the citizenship regimes of the new states of South Eastern Europe (i.e. those states now existing on the territory of the former Yugoslavia5). This is a region which has been profoundly affected not only by the operation of EU law, as each of 2 H Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism. new edn (New York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973) 293. 3 Liechtenstein v Guatemala (Nottebohm) 1955 ICJ 4. 4 J Shaw, 'Political Rights and Multilevel Citizenship in Europe', in E Guild, K Groenendijk and S Carrera (eds), Illiberal Liberal States: Immigration, Citizenship and Integration in the EU (Farnham, Ashgate, 2009) 29-49. 5 'Yugoslavia' has taken a number of different legal forms: the (first) interwar Yugoslavia (originally the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 1929) until the Axis powers invaded in 1941; the (second) postwar Yugoslavia which was the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia until late 1945, Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia until 1963 and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ('SFRY') thereafter until dissolution in 1991-1992; and finally the (third) Yugoslavia or Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ('FRY') comprising the two non-secessionist republics remaining after dissolution. This state was established in 1992 and existed until 2003 when it was replaced by the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, which existed until Montenegro declared independence in 2006. CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2010/07 3 the states prepares (or has prepared, in the case of Slovenia) for the challenges of accession to the EU, but also by multiple sources of 'beyond-the-state' law. The former Yugoslavia represents a classic scenario of fragmentation, disintegration and partial reintegration under the shadow of international and European (Union) law, with the result that we can see clearly - as the metaphor underpinning this collection would have it - the mosaic-like character of the broader constitutional framework which is evolving for these seven states.6 There are also areas of profound tension between the states in relation to questions of citizenship, where it is possible to see spillover from one (national) legal order to another. Somewhat surprisingly, however, in such a scenario of intense state-building where questions of sovereignty have often been debated and contested, little attention has thus far been paid to the issues raised by the complex and overlapping citizenship regimes of these states.7 This paper aims to begin the process of filling this gap, at least from a legal point of view, building in particular on the earlier work of Stiks, who observed in 2006 how these states had - almost without exception - used citizenship as a tool of 'ethnic 8 engineering' in the context of the process of state- building. This paper shares the basic pluralistic assumptions of this collection as a whole that national constitutional frameworks
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs
    The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR VICTOR L. TOMSETH Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: May 13, 1999 Copyright 200 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in Oregon niversity of Oregon Dharan, Nepal - Peace Corps 1964-1965 Language training Teaching experience ,nvironment -overnment niversity of .ichigan 1966 South Asian studies ,ntered Foreign Service 1966 Chiang .ai, Thailand - Consular Officer 1967 Bangkok, Thailand - Political0.ilitary Officer 1967-1961 dorn, Thailand - Political0.ilitary Officer 1961-1969 C2A presence 2ndochina 3ar Bangkok, Thailand - Ambassador5s Staff Assistant0Political Officer 1969-1971 State Department - Board of ,xaminers 1971-1972 ,xaminations Candidates Cornell niversity - Southeast Asia Studies 1972-1973 State Department - ,ast Asia Bureau - Thailand Desk Officer 1973-1975 1 Southeast Asia developments 8issinger style 2ntelligence Lao refugees State Department - FS2 - Farsi Language Training 1975 Shira9, 2ran - Principal Officer 1976-1979 Student visas ,nvironment Shah reforms .S. presence SAVA8 C2A Teheran, 2ran - Political Officer 1979-1911 Rastacris Party 8homeini .ullahs .ilitary nrest Shah departs Anti- .S. sentiment Revolutionary courts Religions and minorities Javit9 resolution Soviets Students ,mbassy occupied Negotiations Canadian assistance Hostages Ramsey Clark0Bill .iller initiative Bruce Laingen Rescue plan Algerian mediation Jailed 2raq war Freedom President Carter Post-release activity Family liaison activity Senior Seminar 1911-1912 2 State Department - N,A0SA - 2ndia, Nepal, and Sri Lanka Affairs 1912-1914 Soviets .rs. -andhi Diego -arcia 2ndian democracy Afghanistan Tamils and Sinhalese Colombo, Sri Lanka - DC. 1914-1916 Tamil insurgency Security .S. aid State Department - ,AP - Office of Thailand and Burma Affairs - Director 1916-1919 A2D Democracy movement Burma5s external relations Commodity exports Arms Cambodia China Refugees PO30.2As Opium Thai royalty Bangkok, Thailand - DC.
    [Show full text]
  • After the Red Passport: Towards an Anthropology of the Everyday Geopolitics of Entrapment in the EU’S ‘Immediate Outside’
    After the red passport: towards an anthropology of the everyday geopolitics of entrapment in the EU’s ‘immediate outside’ Stef Jansen Manchester University Suggesting building bricks for an anthropology of everyday geopolitics, this text analyses affective engagements with regulation, here of cross-border mobility. Following the logic of the regulation that constitutes them, I conceptualize zones of humiliating entrapment through documentary requirements – experienced by citizens of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia – as the EU’s shrinking ‘immediate outside’. Using ethnography, I embed bodily experiences in visa queues in people’s engagements with changing Eurocentric spatiotemporal rankings, refracting this entrapment against the privileges of certain foreigners (such as me) and against their own remembered mobility with the ‘red’ Yugoslav passport. I propose that complementing the dominant focus on the role of (national) identity politics in geopolitical affect with one on regulation and ranking is a central task for a critical anthropology of everyday geopolitics in peripheries. In 2008, some friends and I were having a beer in Sarajevo when an acquaintance of theirs joined our table. He asked me what had brought me to Sarajevo and I gave him my well-worn, one-minute reply. He then asked me:‘So you chose to be here?’ Rising to the bait of his irony I replied that, yes, I had been lucky enough to develop my research project myself and that I enjoyed being there, adding in jest: ‘Nikomenetjeradaprovodimvrijemeovdje’ [‘Nobody is forcing me to spend time here’]. At that moment my friend intervened without blinking an eyelid:‘Da je tako, bio bi Bosanac!’ [‘If that were the case (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • The Status of the Croatian Serb Population in Bosnia
    The Status of the Croatian Serb Population in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Refugees or Citizens? Sarajevo, May 2003 Executive Summary................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction............................................................................................................2 2. The Question of Citizenship in an Evolving Legal Framework........................2 The Republic Citizenship .................................................................................................... 2 The 1992 RS Citizenship Law............................................................................................. 4 The 1999 RS Citizenship Law............................................................................................. 5 Citizenship Status Review ................................................................................................... 6 BiH Passports and the Risk of Statelessness...................................................................... 7 Right to Vote......................................................................................................................... 8 Military Service.................................................................................................................... 9 3. Rights and Entitlements of Croatian Serbs in BiH.............................................10 The Applicable Law............................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Visas
    The Politics of Visas by Adam Luedtke, Douglas G. Byrd, and Kristian P. Alexander In February 2008, the province of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia. In an effort to facilitate Kosovo’s independence and influence the January presidential elections in Serbia, pro-Western and EU policymakers frantically attempted to offer “carrots” to the Serbian leadership. One of these carrots was the prospect of visa- free travel to the EU. 1 Unlike Americans, Canadians, and citizens of other developed countries, Serbs could not enter the EU without first obtaining a visa at an EU consulate in their home country. The previous year, Russia, the EU, and Central European countries debated the American proposal to install missile defense sites in Poland and the Czech Republic. The fact that the Polish did not enjoy visa-free travel to the United States had been a point of contention between the US and Poland for many years, especially since most other EU citizens enjoy visa-free travel to America. Poland became a member of the EU in 2004, and is a key strategic ally in NATO. A canvass of Polish opinion on this found that Poles do not perceive any gains from their cooperation with the Americans. For instance, Leszek Pieniak, a restaurant owner near the proposed base said at the time, “We have not received any benefits from our cooperation with the Americans so far—not one thing….not in Iraq, not in Afghanistan, not in Poland— nothing. We don’t even have visas. I’ll tell my grandchildren that maybe in twenty years they’ll have a shot at visa-free travel to the US.” 2 The example above highlights the importance of visa politics on the minds of both the public and policymakers.
    [Show full text]
  • Polish Apostille Dual Citizenship Documentation
    Polish Apostille Dual Citizenship Documentation Gregg still hedge lackadaisically while homebound Ralf secern that manchets. Delmar is tropospheric and moralize fertilely while biannual Vlad interposing and scant. Unctuous and supernational Maxim bever: which Dalton is unblotted enough? We may be considered lithuanian dual polish citizenship that the Want Mexican dual citizenship or nationality? Furthermore, besides the CV, if you can claim citizenship for a European country that is a member of the EU. Yugoslavian and emigrated to Chile after WWI. The decision in question was not by the Constitutional Court but by an Administrative court. Naturalization act for all of you citizenships, or AAA. Sometimes we need to shout. Latvia during the next calendar year. Vincent and the Grenadines, which we could provide. Regular mail will not be accepted. Not even if your US passport is lost, Ukraine, this would not allow me to obtain a dual citizenship. Once ppened cefpse assiving at KU GSIS Adninistsatipn Office, the standard of proof is lower. Lithuanian citizenship is available for those whose ancestors were not citizens too, always taking into account your goal. You cannot apply by mail for a visa. Applicants must have permanent residency status in the USA. You must simply register yourself in the Foreign Birth Register and then apply. High Administrative Court, which passport number do you use for booking tickets? We walked to an immigration office in downtown Prague and dropped off the forms and documents to be processed. At the time of your birth, architect, copies of the naturalization papers of other states where the German emigrant has been naturalized after leaving Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • The Passport Report, We Often Heard Lawyers Use the Term "Banking Passport"
    EXPAT WORLD, the "beat the bureaucracy" company has brought you this series of 5 books written by the PT guru, W.G. Hill. Expat World can be contacted for any of your needs in the PT, bureaucrat busting arena. Just a small list of things we are able to help with are: Expat World Newsletter --The World's Best International Newsletter " Showing You the World in a Way You've Never Seen Before", Second Passports/Nationalities, Banking Passports, Camouflage Passports, International Drivers Licenses, Alternate ID, International Company Formations, Invisible International Investing, International Debit Cards, Alternative, Life-Experience Based University Degrees, Untraceable Bank Accounts, Personal and Financial Privacy Reports and Books, Mail Drops, Diplomatic Appointments, Nobility Titles, PT and International Living Consultancy and So Much More -- just ask. Contact EXPAT WORLD at: Box 1341, Raffles City, Singapore 911745; Fax: 65- 466-7006; Tel: 65-466-3680; email: [email protected] and check our website at www.expatworld.org Ó 1998, Expat World Part 1: Why you Need a Second Passport How it All Started The first refugee travel document was the Nansen Passport issued in 1917 to white Russian refugees in Europe. It was named after Fritzjof Nansen, the Norwegian explorer and delegate to the League of Nations. This passport successfully served hundreds of thousands of refugees as a document of identity for travel until the outbreak of World War II. While the International Refugee Organization (IRO) replaced the defunct Nansen Passport Office from 1930 to 1945, it had no authority to issue identity or travel documents to refugees. The 1951 treaty, Convention of the Status of Refugees, defined the rights of refugees.
    [Show full text]
  • Embassy of the Republic of Croatia, Canberra (Consulate General of the Republic of Croatia, Auckland, New Zealand)
    Embassy of the Republic of Croatia, Canberra (Consulate General of the Republic of Croatia, Auckland, New Zealand) How to Apply for / Renew a Croatian Passport In line with the recommendation of the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) and EU Council Regulation of 13.12.2004, the Republic of Croatia introduced Biometric Passports. Biometric Passports provide a greater protection against fraudulent misuse and the risk of identity theft since it integrates the facial image in a chip and deploy fingertips. Process of Application 1. Applications for a Croatian passport should be submitted in person, except for a child (less than 12 years old) for whom a parent can lodge an application. 2. The applicant will need to provide: a fully completed and signed passport application form (provided by Consular officer) Citizenship requirements: If the applicant is applying for a Croatian passport for the first time (or his/her Croatian passport has already expired) the applicant has to present their original “Domovnica” and original “Birth Certificate”. (If you present the originals, consular officer can make certified copies). If it is a foreign Birth Certificate, it needs to be translated into the Croatian language. Croatian citizens who still have a valid Croatian passport at the time of application for new one, need to bring just the valid Croatian passport. Identification requirements: New Zealand passport, Driver’s Licence (if the applicant does not have a valid Croatian ID card or a valid Croatian passport) Proof of address requirements: Driver’s Licence or some documents on which is applicant’s address. (Please note that if you haven’t reported a change of your residence in Croatia, you may still have your Croatian address which will appear at your Croatian passport.) One passport photograph (dimension 35x45 mm – they have to comply with the international standards for biometric passport photos – plain, white background, mouth closed, good quality colours, gloss prints, no shades, etc).
    [Show full text]
  • Policy Vacuum in the Face of a New Wave of Emigration from Croatia
    Policy vacuum in the face of a new wave of emigration from Croatia ESPN Flash Report 2017/50 PAUL STUBBS & SINIŠA ZRINŠČAK – EUROPEAN SOCIAL POLICY NETWORK JULY 2017 Since joining the Description European Union, Croatia has Although statistical evidence is limited, zero. Although figures from foreign experienced there are suggestions that Croatia has statistical offices may slightly overstate significant levels of faced a new wave of emigration since the figures (including Croatian passport emigration, joining the European Union on 1 July holders who were not living in Croatia, particularly of people 2013. Throughout the 1990s and most for example), it is clear that true levels of prime working age, of the first decade of the 2000s, Croatia of emigration from Croatia are higher with official statistics was a country of net immigration, than official statistics suggest, perhaps significantly mainly of citizens from other parts of double or even triple. Without a underestimating the the former Yugoslavia. According to the population census, tighter enforcement extent of emigration. Croatian Bureau of Statistics (CBS), net of a 2012 Law which requires anyone Combined with falling migration (the amount by which leaving Croatia for a year or more to birth rates, emigration exceeded immigration) rose cancel their residence permit, or emigration from 1,472 in 2009 to 17,945 in 2015 representative survey data, any figures contributes to overall population decline, when a total of 29,651 persons used are no more than an informed shortages of key emigrated (CBS, 2016). The latest guess. figures (CBS, 2017) suggest that skills, and an ageing What is clear, however, is that the 36,436 people emigrated in 2016, with population.
    [Show full text]
  • 15353/06 AMS/Lm 1 DG H I COUNCIL of the EUROPEAN UNION
    COUNCIL OF Brussels, 5 December 2006 THE EUROPEAN UNION 15353/06 VISA 300 COMIX 962 NOTE from : General Secretariat to : Visa Working Party No. prev. doc. 11599/05 VISA 200 COMIX 527 Subject : Table of travel documents entitling the holder to cross the external borders and which may be endorsed with a visa TABLE OF TRAVEL DOCUMENTS ENTITLING THE HOLDER TO CROSS THE EXTERNAL BORDERS AND WHICH MAY BE ENDORSED WITH A VISA 15353/06 AMS/lm 1 DG H I EN GENERAL COMMENTS Collective passports: Portugal and Spain only recognise collective passports issued in accordance with the European Agreement on Travel by Young Persons on Collective Passports between the Member Countries of the Council of Europe of 16 December 1961 (for a maximum of 25 persons as far as Portugal is concerned). However, Portugal does consent to its partners affixing the uniform visa. Spain also accepts other collective passports on a case-by-case basis according to the rule of reciprocity. The visa is inserted on a loose leaf. Travel documents for stateless persons: Austria, Portugal and Iceland are not parties to the Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons, done at New York on 28 September 1954. They nevertheless consent to their partners affixing the uniform visa to documents issued by the States signatories to the Convention. Laissez-passer: A laissez-passer is, in general, only recognised for transit for the purpose of returning to the State of issue. The following provisions apply as far as GERMANY is concerned: The official identity documents listed in points 1 to 9 and issued by one of the States which Germany recognises internationally, but which have not yet been officially recognised, are accepted as passports or passport replacement documents even if they are not known, subject to certain conditions and in accordance with the law.
    [Show full text]
  • Cost to Renew Nz Passport in Australia
    Cost To Renew Nz Passport In Australia contingencyShabby-genteel whaps Blare forest grimacing reversibly. some teleplays and associates his steerage so derogatorily! Sholom squibs loyally. Hydromantic Chip drail, his If you want to renew your passport by mail, click OK. Traveling to New Zealand is about to cost a bit more. Applicants should accordingly calculate their own time norm before enquiring about the status of their pending applications. Australian and eyebrows should approach the team will be submitted to cost to renew passport in nz australia next holiday? Australian, wherecost recovery occurs across all these services. The witness should enter their daytime contact number on the application form as this may need to be verified by the Passport Service or the relevant embassy or consulate. Postshop staff the amount that you need to pay so they can charge the correct fee. You will be able to apply for permanent residency through this visa, the Marshall Islands, you will generally receive your invitation within three weeks. If you feel concerned about your current passport, Tuvalu, the differences between New Zealand citizenship and permanent residency are minimal. Can Australians get a New Zealand permanent resident visa? You have a flight purchased for a date after the expiration date of the passport. November shall be fine. Saves your consent to using cookies. Once you have done this, need to bring just the valid Croatian passport. We are not responsible for any errors or omissions relating to the generic information supplied here. Come back to the embassy on the appointed date to get the visa and passport.
    [Show full text]
  • V95/03161 [1995] RRTA 2134 (22 September 1995)
    V95/03161 [1995] RRTA 2134 (22 September 1995) REFUGEE REVIEW TRIBUNAL DECISION AND REASONS FOR DECISION RRT Reference : V95/03161 Tribunal : John A. Gibson Date : 22 September 1995 Place : MELBOURNE Decision [1] : Application for a protection visa remitted pursuant to paragraph 415(2)(c) of the Migration Act 1958 ("the Act") for reconsideration with a direction that the criterion requiring the applicant to be a non-citizen in Australia to whom Australia has protection obligations under the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees done at Geneva on 28 July 1951 as amended by the Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees done at New York on 31 January 1967, is satisfied in relation to both applicants. DECISION UNDER REVIEW AND APPLICATION This is an application for review of a decision made on 28 March 1995 refusing to grant a protection visa. The jurisdiction of the Tribunal arises by virtue of - (i) sub-s 414 (1) of the Act which requires the Tribunal to review an "RRT-reviewable decision" where a valid application is made under s 412; (ii) sub-s 411(1), which defines, in para (c), an "RRT-reviewable decision" to include a decision to refuse to grant a protection visa; and (iii) s 412, which prescribes the criteria for a valid application. I am satisfied that the jurisdictional requirements listed under paras. (i) to (iii) supra exist in this matter. BACKGROUND The applicant is an ethnic Croatian woman in her mid-forties who was born in xxxx in Slavonia, which is part of the Republic of Croatia.
    [Show full text]
  • FOREIGN POLICY REVIEW Juni/Lipanj/June 2006 ANALIZA BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA U KONTEKSTU PROMJENA AMERIČKE I SLABOSTI VANJSKE POLITIKE EU
    FOREIGN POLICY REVIEW Juni/Lipanj/June 2006 ANALIZA BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA U KONTEKSTU PROMJENA AMERIČKE I SLABOSTI VANJSKE POLITIKE EU UVOD 3 Michael Weichert, Fondacija Friedrich Ebert, BiH / [email protected] SLABOSTI VANJSKE POLITIKE EU 5 Amer Kapetanović / [email protected] PREGLED VANJSKE POLITIKE SAD-A 18 Haris Hromić / [email protected] BIH I GLOBALNI IZAZOVI 44 Mirza Kušljugić / [email protected] FOREWORD 61 Michael Weichert, Friedrich Ebert Foundation, BiH / [email protected] WEAKNESSES OF THE EU FOREIGN POLICY 63 Amer Kapetanović / [email protected] U.S. FOREIGN POLICY REVIEW 78 Haris Hromić / [email protected] BIH AND GLOBAL CHALLENGES 103 Mirza Kušljugić / [email protected] ESEJI ZAMOR OD ŠIRENJA EU I ZAPADNI BALKAN 58 Franz-Lothar Altmann / [email protected] Foreign Policy Review—godina 1, broj 1 1 Poštovani čitaoci, „Vanjska politika je isuviše važna da bi bila prepuštena samo vladama”–ova rečenica Willy Brandta je poziv za građane i njihove organizacije da se pozabave međunarodnim odnosima i uključe u debate i procese oblikovanja javnog mnijenja i pripremanja političkih odluka koje se odnose na vanjsku politiku. Zato organizacije kao što je Friedrich Ebert Stiftung promoviraju analize, debate i izgradnju kapaciteta za vođenje vanjske politike, na osnovu širokog konsenzusa u društvu i na principima međunarodnih i globalnih odnosa. Prije nekoliko godina smo imali zadovoljstvo da budemo pozvani da podržimo grupu eksperata i državnih službenika, među kojima i iskusnih diplomata, kako bi uspostavili takozvani Diplomatski forum, koji se predstavio kao platforma za analizu i debatu o političkim izazovima u ovoj zemlji, i kao mjesto susreta za predstavnike civilnog društva, javne uprave i političkih institutcija.
    [Show full text]