Cornell University Announcements

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Graduate School of Medical Sciences

Cornell University

Graduate School of Medical Sciences 1300 York Avenue New York, New York 10021 Telephone 212/472-5670

1977-78

Cornell University Announcements Volume 69 of the Cornell University Announcements consists of sixteen catalogs, of which this is number 13, dated September 1, 1977. Publication dates: sixteen times a year (five times in August; twice in June and October; once in January, March, April, May, July, September, and December). Publisher: Cornell University, Sheldon Court, 420 College Avenue, Ithaca, New York 14853. Second-class postage paid at Ithaca, New York. 1977-78

Calendar*

Fall Semester Labor Day Holiday Monday, September 5 Registration Tuesday, September 6-Wednesday, September 7 Opening Exercises, 3:00 p.m. Tuesday, September 6 Orientation, 9:00 a.m. Wednesday, September 7 Instruction begins for first trimester and fall semester Thursday, September 8 End of first trimester Wednesday, November 16 Examinations for first trimester Thursday, November 17-Wednesday, November 23 Thanksgiving recess Thursday, November 24 Friday, November 25 Instruction begins for second trimester Monday, November 28 Christmas recess: Instruction suspended, 5:00 p.m. Friday, December 16 Instruction resumed, 9:00 a.m. Monday, January 2, 1978 Last day for completing all requirements for January degrees Friday, January 13 Examination for first semester Monday, January 23-Friday, January 27 Fall semester ends Friday, January 27

Spring Semester Registration Monday, January 30 Instruction begins for spring semester Monday, January 30 End of second trimester Friday, February 24 Examinations for second trimester Monday, February 27-Friday, March 10 Instruction begins for third trimester Monday, March 13 Spring recess: Instruction suspended, 5:00 p.m. Friday, April 7 Instruction resumed, 9:00 a.m. Monday, April 17 Last day for completing all requirements for May degree Friday, May 12 Commencement, 3:00 p.m. Wednesday, May 24 Memorial Day, holiday Monday, May 29 End of third trimester and spring semester Friday, June 2 Examinations for third trimester and spring semester Monday, June 5-Friday, June 9

Summer Registration for summer research Monday, June 12 Summer research period begins Monday, June 12 Last day for completing all requirements for August degrees Friday, August 18 Summer research period ends Friday, August 25

* Courses in the Graduate School of Medical Sciences are either semestral or trimestral. The calendar for this school is based primarily on the academic semester but is coordinated as well with the trimestral calendar of the Medical College. The dates shown in the calendar are subject to change at any time by official action of Cornell University. In enacting this calendar, the Graduate School of Medical Sciences has scheduled classes on religious holidays. It is the intent of the School that students missing classes due to the observance of religious holidays be given ample opportunity to make up work. Announcement

Contents

2 Calendar 5 Graduate School of Medical Sciences 5 Purpose and History 5 Facilities 5 Organization of the Graduate School 6 Admission 6 Degree Requirements 9 Tuition and Fees 9 Financial Assistance 9 Student Health Service 11 Fields of Instruction 11 Instruction at the Medical College Division 22 Instruction at the Sloan-Kettering Division 27 Interdivisional Courses 28 Special Programs 31 Register 42 Aerial View of Buildings 44 Index Back cover List of Announcements

The courses and curricula described in this Announcement, and the teaching personnel listed herein, are subject to change at any time by official action of Cornell University.

Cornell University

Graduate School of Medical Sciences

Purpose and History Graduate School of Medical Sciences, which has full responsibility for advanced general degrees granted The Graduate School of Medical Sciences, a semi- for study in residence at the New York City campus. autonomous component of the Graduate School of Cornell University, provides an environment for ad­ vanced study and research in specific areas of the Facilities basic biomedical sciences. Graduate programs leading The Medical College Division. The buildings of the to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy are currently Medical College extend along York Avenue from offered in the Fields of Biochemistry, Biological Sixty-eighth to Seventieth streets. They contain the Structure and Cell Biology, Biology, Biomathematics, main library, lecture rooms, and study laboratories for Biophysics, Genetics, Microbiology, Neurobiology the basic science departments, and extensive research and Behavior, Pathology, Pharmacology, and Physi­ facilities for faculty and students. ology. Certain of these graduate fields also offer programs leading to the degree of Master of Science. The Sloan-Kettering Division. The facilities of the The faculty recommends the award of advanced Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research consist general degrees not only as the result of the fulfillment of the Howard Laboratory and the Kettering Labora­ of certain formal academic requirements, but also as tory on East Sixty-eighth Street in New York City and evidence of the development and possession of a the Walker Laboratory in Rye, New York. These pro­ critical and creative ability in science. Proof of this vide lecture and seminar rooms and well-equipped ability is embodied in a dissertation which the candi­ laboratories for biomedical research. date presents to the faculty as an original research contribution in the area of study. Freedom and independence are key qualities of Organization scholarship, and graduate education at Cornell Faculty attempts to preserve them for teacher and student. Each graduate student is supervised by his or her own The Graduate School of Medical Sciences is composed Special Committee, a small group of faculty members of two relatively separate divisions: the Medical selected by the student. Within the broad framework College Division, consisting principally of the pro­ of requirements for residence, examinations, and fessorial staff of the basic science departments of the thesis, and additional regulations of individual fields, Cornell University Medical College; and the Sloan- the Cornell graduate student and this Special Com­ Kettering Division, consisting of the professorial staff mittee are completely free to plan a program of study. of the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research. The Graduate School of Medical Sciences sets no Within each of these divisions are fields or units of overall course, credit-hour, or grade requirements. graduate instruction formed by faculty members with The Special Committee has extraordinary indepen­ similar research and teaching interests. An individual dence in guiding the student's program, and a student faculty member may elect to affiliate with the one or will be recommended for a degree whenever this two fields or units in which he or she agrees to sponsor committee judges the student qualified. graduate students. The opportunity for graduate study leading to ad­ vanced general degrees in the biomedical sciences General Committee was first offered at the Cornell University Medical College in 1912 in cooperation with the Graduate The General Committee of the Graduate School of School of Cornell University. In June of 1950, Cornell Medical Sciences is an administrative board whose University, in association with the Sloan-Kettering membership has responsibility for the academic Institute for Cancer Research, established a new affairs of the School. The committee considers matters division of the Medical College, the Sloan-Kettering referred to it by members of the faculty and offers Division, for the purpose of providing additional recommendations to the faculty on questions involving opportunities for graduate study in the biomedical the interests or policies of the Graduate School of Medical Sciences. sciences. The resultant expansion of the graduate faculty and facilities on the New York City campus The General Committee is composed of the dean and prompted the organization in January 1952 of the the associate dean of the Graduate School of Medical

Jacob S. Lasdon House, a student apartment residence. 6 Degree Requirements

Sciences, the associate director of the Sloan-Kettering Applications and credentials for February admission Division, one elected representative from each of the must be received by November 1. fields of the Medical College Division and from each of the units of the Sloan-Kettering Division, and two Application Fee. A nonrefundable charge of $10 student representatives elected by the graduate stu­ is made for filing an application for admission. dent body. The General Committee approves new The completed application and all supporting docu­ fields, reviews the admission of students, approves ments are reviewed by the Field (or Division) Creden­ students' major and minor fields, reviews the cur­ tials Committee. Applicants considered potentially riculum of each field, reviews the requirements acceptable are usually called for a personal interview. for degrees, and acts on faculty and student petitions. At the time of interview, after discussing his or her The chairperson of the General Committee is the interests with the members of the field, the applicant dean, who is the academic administrative officer of may tentatively select a major sponsor. If accepted by the Graduate School of Medical Sciences and is also the field, an application is returned to the associate an associate dean of the Graduate School of Cornell dean who may refer it to the General Committee for University. The secretary of the General Committee is final review and decision. A student is formally the associate dean, who is also an assistant dean of notified of acceptance for study in the Graduate School the Graduate School of Cornell University. of Medical Sciences by a letter from the associate dean. It is the policy of Cornell University actively to support Admission equality of educational opportunity. No student shall be denied admission to the University or be discrim­ inated against otherwise because of race, color, creed, Applications religion, national or ethnic origin, or sex.

For admission to the Graduate School of Medical The University does not discriminate against qualified Sciences an applicant must (1) have a baccalaureate handicapped persons in its admissions or recruitment degree or the equivalent from a college or university activities. of recognized standing, (2) have adequate preparation Admission policies are also in conformity with the in the chosen field of study, and (3) show promise of policy of New York State in regard to the American ability to pursue advanced study and research, as ideal of equality of opportunity as embodied in the judged by his or her previous record. Education Practices Act. Inquiries about graduate study should be addressed to the Associate Dean of the Graduate School of Medical Categories Sciences, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York An applicant is accepted by the Graduate School of 10021 or to the Associate Director of the Sloan- Medical Sciences (1) as a degree candidate for the Kettering Division, 410 East Sixty-eighth Street, M.S. or Ph.D., or (2) as a provisional candidate. New York, New York 10021. These inquiries are referred to the appropriate field representative or unit Provisional candidacy provides opportunity for a chairperson, who then corresponds directly with the prospective degree candidate, whose educational prospective applicant and sends pertinent application preparation is difficult to evaluate, to begin graduate material. studies. On the basis of the record of accomplishment in the first half of the academic year, the adviser or Candidates may be admitted in September, February, temporary Special Committee of a provisional candi­ or July although places in the graduate programs for date may recommend to the dean that (1) provisional February and July may not be available because of candidacy be changed to degree candidacy, (2) pro­ prior commitments to applicants for September visional candidacy be continued for the remainder of admission. Applicants for February or July admission the academic year, or (3) provisional candidacy be should correspond directly with the respective field terminated. A maximum of one academic year in the representative in the Medical College Division or the status of provisional candidacy is permitted and unit chairperson of the Sloan-Kettering Division credit of a maximum of one residence unit may be regarding the availability of places. allowed on petition, provided there is convincing Application material must be completed and returned evidence that performance has been of the same to the Office of the Associate Dean together with quality as that required of degree candidates. (1) official transcripts of records from all colleges and universities attended, (2) a statement of purpose of graduate study, and (3) two letters of recommendation Degree Requirements from individuals in academic positions who know the applicant professionally. In addition, scores from Major and Minor Fields the Graduate Record Examinations may be required by A candidate for the degree of Master of Science is individual fields to aid in their evaluation. required to register for study in one major and one Applications for September or July admission and all minor field. Each field will determine whether two or credentials, including official transcripts of records three fields must be represented on the Special Com­ from all colleges and universities attended, must be mittee of candidates for the Ph.D. degree. Accordingly, received by the deadline date of March 1 for ad­ a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is mission to the Sloan-Kettering Division and April 1 required to register for study in one major and one or for admission to the fields of the Medical College two minor fields. At least one of the minors must be Division. outside the area of the major field. Degree Requirements 7

The Special Committee establish, or maintain segregation on the basis of race, religion, ethnic origin, age, sex, or political The general degree requirements of the Graduate persuasion in any academic course of the University. School of Medical Sciences are minimal in order to All courses for which the student registers for credit give maximum flexibility in choosing a desirable will be entered in the official record. Grades of grad­ program of study. The student's program is deter­ uate students are reported as: Excellent (E), Satis­ mined with the aid and direction of a Special Com­ factory (S), Unsatisfactory (U), Incomplete (I), Absent mittee, consisting of at least three faculty members (Abs), or Unofficially Withdrawn (W). A grade of In­ chosen by the student from those fields that best fit complete or Absent cannot be changed later than one his or her areas of interest. Satisfactory progress term following that in which the course was taken. toward a degree is judged by the committee rather than by arbitrary standards imposed by the Graduate Residence School of Medical Sciences. There are no regulations of the Faculty of the Graduate School of Medical The Faculty of the Graduate School of Mecical Sci­ Sciences governing the specific content of instruction, ences regards study in residence as essential. Each courses, or grades to which the Special Committee candidate for an advanced general degree is expected must subscribe, except those imposed by the fields. to complete the residence requirements with reason­ The committee is the agent primarily responsible for able continuity. A student must register each term the candidate's development as an independent scholar from the time of his or her first registration in the and scientist. Graduate School of Medical Sciences until the student either withdraws or completes a degree unless granted No later than four weeks after enrollment, a candidate a leave of absence. Full-time study for one-half must file a statement of the major and minor fields academic year with satisfactory accomplishment selected for study, after which the student must constitutes one residence unit. Two units of residence choose one member of the faculty to represent each are the minimal requirement for the master's degree field and to serve on a Special Committee. The faculty and six units are the minimum for the Ph.D. degree. member representing the major field usually advises However, the time necessary to obtain the degree the student in the other selections and serves as chair­ generally exceeds the minimal requirements. A candi­ person of his or her committee. At least one member date for the Ph.D. degree must spend two of the last of the committee must represent a field different from four units of required residence in successive terms the candidate's major field. Members may agree to on the New York City or the Ithaca campus of Cornell serve temporarily during the candidate’s first year of University. No more than seven years may intervene residence until there has been the opportunity to between the time of first registration and the com­ become acquainted with areas of research in the fields pletion of all requirements for the doctoral degree. of his or her choice. On completion of this year of A student must complete all requirements for the residence, a permanent Special Committee will be master’s degree in four years. formed, the membership of which can be changed with agreement of all members of the old and newly The graduate student who participates in teaching or formed committees and the approval of the dean. assists in research qualifies for full residence credit The members of the Special Committee decide upon only if these duties are in the field of the major subject the student’s program of study and research and judge and do not require more than twenty hours per week. whether progress toward a degree is satisfactory. Part-time graduate study, if it is necessitated by off- After consulting with the other members, the chair­ campus employment noncontributory to the major person of the Special Committee prepares term reports field of study, is not encouraged. Requests for part- on the candidate for submission to the dean. The time study must be reviewed by the General Commit­ members of the committee serve on all of the candi­ tee. If permission is granted for part-time study, the date's examining committees and they approve his or student must be in residence at least half-time. her thesis. The legislation with respect to eligibility of part-time students for residence units is as follows:

Registration and Course Grades Employment Residence Units Allowable Per Half Academic Year At the beginning of each term, students are required to register with the dean of the Graduate School of Total clock Contributory Noncon­ Off Medical Sciences and to file a Registration of Courses hours per in major field; tributory; campus form indicating all courses they will take. A fee of $10 week on campus on campus is charged for late registration. No student may double­ register for an advanced general or professional degree 0-10 hrs. 1 unit 1 unit % unit with any other school or college except the Cornell 11-20 hrs. 1 unit % unit 3/4 unit University Medical College. 21-30 hrs. % unit Vi unit Registration is required of those graduate students (teaching) who will be engaged in research during the summer. 3A-1 unit All academic courses of the University are open to all (research) students of all races, religions, ethnic origins, ages, sexes, and political persuasions. No requirement, * Time spent assisting in research, if it is contributory prerequisite, device, rule or other means shall be used to the major field of study, shall be credited toward by any employee of the University to encourage, allowance of a full residence unit. 8 Degree Requirements

Transfer of Residence Credit dean for an official leave of absence. This written petition must specify the term of absence, state the No residence credit will be granted for study outside reason for the requested leave of absence, and be the Graduate School of Medical Sciences to fulfill the approved by the student's Special Committee. requirements of the M.S. degree. No commitment can be made about granting residence credit toward the A candidate who will not be in residence but will Ph.D. requirements for previous study in another return to the Graduate School of Medical Sciences to graduate school until after the candidate has entered present and defend a thesis at the final examination, into residence at the Graduate School of Medical having completed all requirements for a degree Sciences. At that time, the student's Special Committee except for the final examination, must petition for a may recommend acceptance of study outside the leave of absence. Graduate School of Medical Sciences to the General On return to the Graduate School of Medical Sciences Committee, which will determine the number of for the final examination, the candidate will register residence units to be awarded. No credit can be trans­ as a Candidate for Degree Only and will pay a fee ferred for study undertaken as an undergraduate or as of $35. a special student even in courses designed for graduate students. Examinations A student, who has satisfactorily completed two or more academic years of study toward the degree of Three examinations are required by the Faculty of the M O. at the Cornell University Medical College or Graduate School of Medical Sciences: (1) final exam­ another accredited medical school in the United ination for the M.S. degree, (2) examination for States with a curriculum equivalent to that of the admission to doctoral candidacy, and (3) final exam­ Cornell University Medical College, may transfer a ination for the Ph.D. degree. Examinations are ad­ maximum of two units of residence credit after passing ministered by an Examining Committee consisting of a an evaluation examination administered by a com­ chairperson appointed by the dean, the members of mittee appointed by the General Committee of the the candidate’s Special Committee, and, in the case Graduate School of Medical Sciences. of the Admission to Candidacy Examination, three additional members selected from the faculty of the Graduate School of Medical Sciences and/or of other Summer Research institutions. In addition to these examinations, the Registration is required for the summer research candidate's major field may require a qualifying ex­ period whether or not this effort is to be credited amination as part of its evaluation of the candidate toward residence unit accumulation. Students regis­ after two units of residence have been completed. tered for summer research pay a prorated tuition only For the M.S. degree: the final examination may be if they are obtaining residence credit. No degree oral or both oral and written. candidate, however, is eligible for more than two residence units in any period of twelve consecutive For the Ph.D. degree: the Admission to Candidacy months. Examination is both oral and written and certifies that the student is eligible to present a thesis to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Medical Sciences. The Study in Absentia examination should be taken after course work is large­ A candidate for the degree of Ph.D. may petition for ly finished but before significant thesis research has permission to earn residence units for study away begun. Accordingly, the usual examination time will from Cornell University while regularly registered be at the end of the second year of residence. The in the Graduate School of Medical Sciences. A candi­ examination may not be taken until two units of date to whom this privilege has been granted may residence credit have been accumulated; a minimum work temporarily under the immediate supervision of of two units of residence credit is required after an individual designated by his or her Special Com­ passing this examination before the final examination mittee, but the candidate's program will continue to can be scheduled. The final examination for the Ph.D. be directed by the committee. For study in absentia, degree is an oral defense of the candidate's thesis. It not more than two residence units may be earned must be passed within four years after completion of toward fulfillment of the minimal residence require­ the required residence units, or within seven years ments for the degree of Ph.D. A student given leave from the date of first registration, whichever is earlier. for such study must register as a candidate in absentia and pay a fee of $75 per semester, and may continue Foreign Language Requirements his or her hospitalization insurance by payment of the annual premium directly to the Student Accounting Each field of study has its own foreign language Office of Cornell University Medical College. If stu­ requirements. The student’s Special Committee may dents in absentia take advantage of local privileges, require knowledge of foreign languages beyond the such as the use of the library, desk space, Student requirements of the fields listed in this Announcement. Health Service, hospitalization insurance, and Cornell Examinations in foreign languages will be adminis­ housing, the fee is $400 per semester. tered by the Office of the Dean at the beginning of each term. As an alternative to this examination, the Leave of Absence candidate may demonstrate proficiency by passing the reading part of the language qualification tests A candidate who finds it necessary to interrupt the administered by the College Entrance Examination continuity of his or her residence must petition the Board. Student Health Service 9

Theses Financial Assistance A principal requirement for both the M.S. and the Ph.D. degrees is the presentation of a thesis consti­ Financial assistance is available to qualified appli­ tuting an imaginative contribution to knowledge. cants. Individual fields or units may offer predoctoral Ordinarily, the thesis is written on a research topic in research fellowships, research assistantships, or the candidate's major field of study, under the direc­ teaching assistantships. These positions may provide tion of the chairperson of his or her Special Com­ a stipend in addition to tuition. Information about mittee. The faculty requires that the Ph.D. thesis be these positions may be obtained directly from the field published in abstract and be recorded on microfilm. or unit at the time of application. The fields in the Medical College Division also have available a limited number of tuition scholarships. Nationwide, competitive, predoctoral fellowships are available from the National Science Foundation and the National Fiesearch Council. Information about Tuition and Fees these fellowships should be requested directly from the appropriate governmental agency. Tuition for a student regularly matriculated in the New York State residents are eligible for several pre­ Graduate School of Medical Sciences is $5100 for the doctoral fellowships and for the Tuition Assistance academic year and is payable in either two or three Program which assists in tuition payments. Applica­ equal parts, the first of which is due at initial registra­ tion forms may be obtained from the New York Higher tion. Tuition includes fees for matriculation, hos­ Education Services Corporation, Student Financial pitalization insurance, graduation, and miscellaneous Aid Section, Tower Building, Empire State Plaza, thesis expenses. Albany, New York 12255. For graduate students who (1) have been in con­ Opportunity for part-time employment is often avail­ tinuous residence at Cornell in the same doctoral able in departmental research projects or other program and have passed their Admission to Can­ activities. Applications should be made directly to didacy Examination and (2) are not taking courses in individual departments. the Medical College curriculum, a reduced charge of $800 per annum ($400 per semester) will be made Several loan programs are available for the use of for tuition and fees for the terms subsequent to the graduate students. Under these programs, repayment Admission to Candidacy Examination. For those of the principal amount of the loan together with the students who will continue to take courses in the interest on the loan can be deferred until after medical curriculum, the charge of $5100 per annum graduation. prorated on the basis of the percentage of total hours of the medical curriculum allotted to the specific Prizes courses taken, will be added to the reduced tuition of $800 per annum. Off-campus tuition will not be The Frank Lappln Horsfall Jr. Awards are en­ covered by the $800 fee. dowed by funds provided in memory of Dr. Horsfall by his many friends and family. They are continued A graduate student registered for study in absentia evidence of his concern for students manifest during pays a fee of $75 per semester. If students in absentia his directorship of the Sloan-Kettering Division. take advantage of local privileges, such as the use of the library, desk space, Student Health Service, Two awards are available annually to students of the hospitalization insurance, and Cornell housing, the fee Sloan-Kettering Division; one to that student who, in is $400 per semester. the opinion of the Committee of the Faculty of the Sloan-Kettering Division, has been most distinguished, A graduate student who has previously fulfilled all especially in the qualifying examination, and one to other degree requirements, who has been granted a that student who, in the opinion of the Committee of leave of absence, and who returns to the Graduate the Faculty of the Sloan-Kettering Division, has School of Medical Sciences to present a thesis and to similarly been most distinguished, especially in the take the final examination must register as a Candidate Admission to Doctoral Candidacy Examination. for Degree Only and pay a fee of $35. A student who is to receive partial residence credit because of employment should apply for proration of tuition on forms obtainable at the Office of the Dean. Proration of tuition does not apply to the special reduced tuition of $400 per semester. Student Health Service Any individual who owes money to the University will Complete ambulatory medical care is provided at no not be allowed to register or reregister in the Univer­ charge for all students enrolled in the Graduate School sity, receive a transcript of his or her record, have his of Medical Sciences through the Personnel Health or her academic credits certified, be granted a leave Service of the Medical Center. Referrals will be made of absence, or have a degree conferred. to the New York Hospital clinics and private physi­ The amount, time, and manner of payment of tuition, cians when appropriate. Students will be issued New tees, or other charges may be changed at any time York Hospital clinic cards and will receive courtesy without notice. privileges in the New York Hospital Pharmacy. 10 Student Health Service

The student matriculating for the first time is required available to students' spouses and children if the to have a physical examination by a member of the family is covered by both Blue Cross and either Blue Health Service staff. In addition, the student must Shield or Major Medical insurance. If neither Blue report for a chest X-ray examination, tuberculin test, Shield nor Major Medical family coverage is available, and necessary immunizations. Office hours are held the above courtesy care can be obtained by paying an daily from 1-2 p.m. by the Health Service staff. annual fee of $100. All spouses and children eligible for courtesy care will be issued New York Hospital Blue Cross Hospitalization Insurance (21 /1 80 day clinic cards. plan) will be provided for all enrolled students through tuition. Tuition refunds cannot be made to students The Student Accounting Office of Cornell University with outside coverage. Students may purchase Blue Medical College, Room C-015, will assist students in Cross insurance for spouses and children through arranging family health insurance coverage. Cornell University Medical College at a rate of A student on leave for study in absentia may continue $181.68 annually. Blue Shield coverage for families the hospitalization insurance and courtesy privileges can only be obtained for families previously holding by payment of the annual fees directly to the Student Blue Shield coverage. The cost of this coverage, Accounting Office. obtained through Cornell University Medical College, is $108.60 annually. A student on leave of absence for reasons other than study in absentia and the student's spouse and children Courtesy privileges in The New York Hospital clinics are not eligible to receive student health benefits. and in The New York Hospital Pharmacy will be Cornell University

Fields of Instruction

Instruction at the general experimental physics, and mathematics (including differential and integral calculus). Opportu­ Medical College Division nity is offered to remedy deficiencies in these areas during the first year of graduate study. The Graduate Biochemistry Record Examinations (the Aptitude Test and the Advanced Test in chemistry) are ordinarily required. Faculty The language requirement for the Ph.D. and the M.S. degrees is proficiency in one modern foreign language E. Breslow, J. Cornell, T. Duffy, G. F. Fairclough, acceptable to the student's Special Committee. Pro­ J. D, Gass, H. Gilder, J. Goldstein, R. H. Fiaschemeyer, ficiency in a computer science language, as demon­ B. Horecker, A. Meister, A. S. Posner, J. R. Rachele, strated by executing a meaningful program, may R. R, Riggio, W. B. Rowe, A. L. Rubin, B. Saxena, substitute for proficiency in a foreign language. E. T. Schubert, R. L. Softer, K. H. Stenzel, S. S. Tate, P. P. Trotta, D. Wellner, K. Woods Students are encouraged to complete application for fall admission, before the preceding April 1. Field Representative Special Interests of the Faculty S. S. Tate, Department of Biochemistry, Room E-106, Medical College E. Breslow: protein-protein and metal ion-protein Graduate instruction is offered leading to the Ph.D. interactions; chemistry of the neurophysins or M.S. degree. Within the framework of degree J. Cornell: biochemistry of reproduction; protein requirements and in consultation with the student, chemistry of the placenta the course of study is planned to fit the needs of the T. Duffy: carbohydrate and energy metabolism in individual. Although formal course work is required, altered functional states of brain; ammonia detoxi­ emphasis is placed on research. Research opportunities fication and hepatic coma; effect of anoxia on the exist in various areas of biochemistry including en- developing brain zymology, structure and function of proteins and G. Fairclough: protein chemistry; clinical biochemistry nucleic acids, molecular biology, physical biochemis­ J. Gass: mechanism of enzyme action; clinical bio­ try, and the intermediary metabolism of amino acids, chemistry carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids. Entering H. Gilder: metabolic response to surgery; electrolyte graduate students usually work for short periods in studies of gastric juice; studies in experimental several of the laboratories of the faculty members of shock the field before beginning thesis research. Students J. Goldstein: role of RNA in protein synthesis; frac­ are encouraged to choose challenging and fundamental tionation of nucleic acids; role of macromolecules research problems that are on the frontiers of bio­ and protein synthesis in the maturation of red blood chemistry. cells R. Haschemeyer: structure of fibrinogen and subunit The laboratories of the faculty members are equipped interactions in protein and nucleoproteins; electron with virtually all of the instruments and facilities microscopy of enzymes and viruses; lipoprotein required for modern biochemical research; thus, structure and function graduate students are instructed in such methodology B. Horecker: mechanism of enzyme action; regulation as chromatography, countercurrent distribution, of enzyme action; intermediary metabolism of radioactive and stable isotope techniques, spectro­ carbohydrate photometry, electrophoresis, and analytical ultra­ A. Meister: enzymology; proteins and amino acids centrifugation. A. Posner: crystal chemistry; ultrastructural bio­ Students undertaking graduate study in biochemistry chemistry; atomic structure of bone; hard tissue must have a sufficiently comprehensive background chemistry in chemistry to pursue the proposed course of study J. Rachele: metabolism of amino acids, one-carbon and must present evidence of knowledge of biology, units, and methyl groups; isotope effects 12 instruction—Medical College Division

R. R. Riggio: transplantation; dialysis and biomaterials Minick, R. Nachman, T. C. Rodman, C. A. Santos- research Buch, B. Saxena, E. T. Schubert, J. L. Sirlin, D. Soifer, W. B. Rowe: amino acid metabolism; action of methi­ M. Spiegelman, K. H. Stenzel, D. H. Sussdorf, R. C. onine sulfoximine Swan, J. C. Weber, J. M. S. Winterkorn A. L. Rubin: collagen structure and function; bio­ materials research; dialysis; transplantation research Field Representative B. Saxena: chemistry, measurement, and mechanism of action of pituitary protein hormones J. L. Sirlin, Department of Anatomy, Room A-229, E. T. Schubert: enzyme studies of the developing Medical College kidney; investigation of renal dysfunction at enzyme Graduate study in the Field of Biological Structure level and Cell Biology leads to a Ph.D. degree and empha­ R. L. Softer; enzymatic posttranslational modification sizes the basic relationships between structure and of proteins; membrane-enzyme interaction; enzyme- function of biological systems at all levels of organiza­ antibody interaction; angiotension converting en­ tion. Thus the field is fundamentally concerned with zyme and regulation of blood pressure the nature, development and functional modulation, K. Stenzel: transplantation; dialysis and biomaterials research and significance of configuration, pattern, and other spatial relations in biological systems. The scope of S. Tate: amino acid, peptide transport; plasma mem­ interest extends from the molecular level to that of brane enzymes; metabolism and physiology of the whole organism and embraces normal as well as hypothalamic releasing hormones pathological structure. P. P. Trotta: adenosine deaminase, growth and differ­ entiation Opportunities for research training include the in­ D. Wellner: enzyme kinetics; mechanisms of enzyme vestigation of cellular fine structure using such action; protein structure techniques as light and electron microscopy, isolation K. Woods: physicochemical understanding of human and analysis of cellular subfractions by differential blood fractions; blood coagulation; structure of ultracentrifugation, histochemistry, cytochemistry, antibodies and enzyme neuroanatomy, including the physiological correlates of changing neural structure. Courses For graduate study in the Field of Biological Structure and Cell Biology, adequate undergraduate preparation 1. General Biochemistry (Biochemistry 2A and in biology, chemistry (including organic chemistry), 2B) Offered jointly by the faculties of the Medical physics, and mathematics is recommended. Require­ College and Sloan-Kettering Divisions. Details are ments for admission are flexible in proportion to the given on p. 27 under Interdivisional Courses. promise and accomplishments of the applicant. Appli­ 2. Introduction to Research Experimental bio­ cants are generally requested to present the results of the Graduate Record Examinations. chemistry dealing with the isolation, synthesis, and analysis of substances of biochemical importance Requirements for minor sponsorship in the Field of (enzymes, coenzymes, various metabolites, and inter­ Biological Structure and Cell Biology will be mediates), and study of their properties by various arranged with individual students, but research experi­ chemical and physical techniques. The student obtains ence in the minor sponsor's laboratory is strongly this varied research experience by spending approxi­ encouraged. mately two months in the laboratory of each of four faculty members of his or her choice. For incoming In addition to the courses offered by the field and graduate students majoring in biochemistry. The staff. listed below, appropriate courses for graduate students in the field are General Biochemistry and those 3. Selected Topics In Biochemistry Advanced courses given by the Field of Neurobiology and Be­ havior. study in selected topics will be offered in areas such as (1) nucleic acids and protein synthesis; (2) inter­ A reading knowledge of French, German, Spanish, mediary metabolism; (3) kinetics and enzyme mech­ or Russian is desirable; proficiency in a foreign lan­ anism; (4) protein chemistry; and (5) structure of guage may be required for candidates by their Special membranes and the biochemistry of transport. Gener­ Committee. ally, one or two of these courses will be offered yearly in the third trimester. The staff. The field requires a qualifying examination at the end of the first year of residence. At the discretion of the 4. Advanced Biochem istry Offered jointly by examining committee, the qualifying examination may the faculties of the Medical College and Sloan- be written, or oral, or both. The Admission to Can­ Kettering Divisions. Details are given on p. 27 under didacy Examination required by the Graduate School Interdivisional Courses. of Medical Sciences must be taken before six units of residence credit have been accumulated and before substantial progress has been made on the candidate’s Biological Structure and Cell Biology thesis research.

Faculty Special Interests ot the Faculty

R. Bachvarova, C. G. Becker, D. Bennett, D. C. Brooks, R. Bachvarova: molecular developmental biology G. Dooher, F. G. Girgis, J. Goldstein, R. L. Greif, W. D. C. G. Becker: cardiovascular and renal disease; Hagamen, M. D. Hamburg, T. H. Meikle, Jr., C. R. immunopathology Instruction—Medical College Division 13

D. Bennett: mammalian genetics, with special refer­ Development offered by the Department of Anatomy ence to genetic regulation during early embryonic in the Medical College to first-year medical students development are open to graduate students. Selected topics are D. C. Brooks: spontaneous electrical activity of the presented in the lectures to indicate a pattern of study central nervous system: brain stem influences upon and depth of analysis which the student can be ex­ the visual system during sleep and wakefulness in pected to apply to the informal study of cells and the cat tissues. First trimester: weeks 1-5, T 10-11, F 9-10; G. Dooher: genetics and fine structure of male repro­ weeks 6-11, T W Th 10-11. Second trimester: T Th duction 10-11, F 11-12. The staff. F. G. Girgis: the cranial and facial sutures, their development, structure, and the analysis of sutural 3. Gross Anatomy Regional anatomy is studied position; of particular interest are factors inducing principally through dissection of the human body. chondrogenesis in the cranial vault Supplementing this technique are prosections by in­ J. Goldstein: role of RNA in protein synthesis, frac­ structors, tutorial group discussions, and radiographic tionation of nucleic acids; role of macromolecules and endoscopic demonstrations. Enrollment is limited and protein synthesis in the maturation, of red blood and students should consult the staff early in order cells to determine the availability of places. First and R, L. Greif: physiology of the thyroid gland and its second trimesters. The staff. secretion W. D. Hagamen: self-stimulation, habituation, and Biomathematics changes in affective behavior in cats; artificial intelligence in computers Faculty M. Hamburg: neurochemistry and regulatory mech­ anisms of the enzymes involved in monoamine B. J. Flehinger, S. I. Rubinow biosynthesis T, H. Meikle, Jr.: animal studies of neural mechanisms Field Representative basic to learned behaviors, particularly visual learning S. I. Rubinow, Division of Biomathematics, Room KB C. R. Minick: pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and 122, Kips Bay Building, Medical College hypertension; immunopathology; electron micros­ The Field of Biomathematics offers a wide range of copy opportunities for the development of quantitative R. L. Nachman: biology of platelets methods in the biological and medical sciences, with T. C. Rodman: analytical cytology of cell nuclei; special emphasis on the application of mathematics. cytogenetics Graduate study programs leading to advanced degrees C. A. Santos-Buch: cellular biology; immuno­ in the Field of Biomathematics are available to stu­ pathology; cardiovascular disease; electron micros­ dents whose primary interests are mathematical, but copy who wish to concentrate on biological or medical B. Saxena: chemistry, measurement, and mechanism applications. of action of pituitary protein hormones E. T. Schubert: enzyme studies of the developing Graduate students are admitted to study in this kidney; investigation of renal dysfunction at field from a variety of educational backgrounds, enzyme level including the several branches of engineering and the J. Sirlin: biology of RNA physical and biological sciences, as well as mathe­ D. Soifer: structure and function of microtubules matics. Their programs of study include a thorough M. Spiegelman: early embryonic development, grounding in mathematical methods and a particular particularly with respect to cell movement and biological area of interest. cellular interactions Applicants are expected to support their applications K. Stenzel: transplantation; dialysis and biomaterials with their scores on the Graduate Record Examinations research in both the Aptitude Test and Advanced Test. D. H. Sussdorf: cellular interactions during the immune response; function of the thymus and related lym­ The thesis in biomathematics must be a mathematical phoid tissues in development of immunocompetence contribution toward the solution of a problem arising R. C. Swan: fine structure of excitable cells in a biomedical area. J. C. Weber: vitamin D and mineral metabolism in Graduate students in the Field of Biomathematics are hard tissue required to obtain thorough training in linear algebra, J. M. S. Winterkorn: visual behavior and learning after complex variables, partial differential equations, and brain lesions boundary value problems. In addition to other courses, Courses an appropriate plan of study in the relevant aspects of biology, chemistry, physics, and medicine will be 1. Introductory Microscopic Anatomy Offered made to suit the particular area of application of the jointly by the Field of Biological Structure and Cell individual student. A programming language such as Biology, Medical College Division, and by the Biology Fortran is required in lieu of a foreign language. Unit, Sloan-Kettering Division. Details are given on p. 27 under Interdivisional Courses. Special Interests of the Faculty

2. Microscopic Anatomy and Development The B. J. Flehinger: biostatistics; medical diagnosis with lectures in the course in Microscopic Anatomy and computers; clinical trials 14 Instruction—Medical College Division

S. I. Rubinow: blood flow; cell proliferation; enzyme for students in genetics include those numbered kinetics; physiological systems; reaction-diffusion 9 through 13 and Advanced Virology offered by the phenomena Field of Microbiology.

Courses Students minoring in genetics are required to take two semesters of the Genetics Seminar and one additional 1. Introductory Biomathematics I, II, and III course from the following: Advanced Genetics, Ad­ Introduction to the use of elementary mathematics in vanced Microbial Genetics, and Genetic and Bio­ various areas of medicine and biology. The course is chemical Correlates of Development. A limited period divided into three parts, offered separately in each of work in'the laboratory of the minor sponsor is trimester. Topics treated mathematically include the recommended. simplest rate processes in biology, cell growth, theory Requirements for foreign language are at the dis­ of enzyme kinetics, compartment equations, and cretion of the student's Special Committee, although transport processes, especially convection, diffusion, the field recommends a reading knowledge of French and sedimentation. Two hours per week; hours to be or German. arranged. Prerequisite: elementary calculus. Un­ limited enrollment. Not offered in 1977-78. S. I. The field requires an oral qualifying examination at Rubinow. the end of the first year of residence, that the Ad­ mission to Candidacy Examination be taken at the end 2. Biomathematics Seminar Presentation of of the second year of graduate work. The oral portion research investigations by the staff and student of the Admission to Candidacy Examination will reports on various topics chosen from the current include discussion of the specific research proposal literature. Required of biomathematics majors. One and general biological topics. hour per week; hours to be arranged. The staff. Special Interests of the Faculty Genetics V. G. Allfrey: cell nucleus chemistry; chromosomal Faculty proteins; genetic control K. Artzt: genetics of embryonal tumors V. G. Allfrey, K. Artzt (SKD), R. Bachvarova, A. G. R. Bachvarova: developmental molecular biology Bearn, D. Bennett (SKD), J. L. Biedler (SKD), E. A. A. G. Bearn: biochemical and somatic cell genetics Boyse (SKD), L. F. Cavalieri (SKD), R. S. K. Chaganti, of man B. S. Danes, G. Darlington, G. Dooher (SKD), J. L. D. Bennett: mammalian developmental genetics; German III, Z. Flarsanyi, G, Litman (SKD), S. D. immunogenetics Litwin, R, Norum, L. J. Old (SKD), T, C. Rodman, P. J. L. Biedler: cytogenetics Rubinstein, S. Silagi, M. Siniscalco (SKD), J. L. Sirlin, B. A. Boyse: mammalian immunogenetics M. Spiegelman (SKD) L. Cavalieri: DNA replication in bacteria and bac­ teriophage Field Representative R. Chaganti: human genetics; cell genetics B. S. Danes: somatic cell genetics (with particular Z. Harsanyi, Department of Microbiology, Room B- emphasis on human genetic metabolic errors) 402, Medical College G. Darlington: human genetics; cell genetics Academic and research training is available chiefly G. Dooher: genetics and fine structure of male repro­ in the following areas: cytogenetics, developmental duction genetics, genetics and cell differentiation, human J. L. German: mammalian cell genetics and cyto­ biochemical genetics, human somatic cell genetics, genetics immunogenetics, microbial genetics, and nucleic acid Z. Flarsanyi: biochemical genetics of microorganisms biochemistry. The faculty includes members of the pre- G. Litman: immunogenetics clinical and clinical departments of the Medical S. D. Litwin: genetics of immunoglobulins and serum College and faculty members of the Sloan-Kettering proteins Division; a unique opportunity for integrating the study R. Norum: clinical and laboratory aspects of a-1- of genetics with other biological and medical interests antitrypsin and its deficiency; clinical genetics is thus provided. Within broad limits, students pursue L. J. Old: tumor immunovirology their own programs according to particular interests. T. C. Rodman: cytogenetics with emphasis on mechanisms of genetic control The usual prerequisites for admission to graduate P. Rubenstein: immunogenetics; histocompatibility; study for an advanced degree in genetics are under­ genetics; immunology; immunohematology graduate work in chemistry or biology, and courses in S. Silagi: gene action and cellular differentiation in general genetics, general chemistry, organic chemistry, culture general biology, general physics, and mathematics M. Siniscalco: somatic cell genetics through calculus. Applicants are required to present J. Sirlin: molecular biology of brain function Graduate Record Examinations scores in the Aptitude M. Spiegelman: early embryonic development Tests and in the Advanced Test in chemistry or biology. Courses generally required of genetics majors are Courses those numbered 1 through 8 below, and General Biochemistry and Microscopic Anatomy given by the 1. Genetics Seminar The topic for fall 1977 will Fields of Biochemistry and of Biological Structure and be Fluman Genetics. T 3-5. Course sponsors: J. Ger­ Cell Biology, respectively. Other courses appropriate man and D. Bennett. Instruction—Medical College Division 15

2. Medical Genetics Conference Consists of a 13. Immunogenetics An advanced elective in im­ series of conferences on topics in medical genetics. munogenetics will be offered in alternate years. The Offered every two weeks throughout the year. M 4. program will consist of 12 weekly meetings of 2-3 S. D. Litwin. hours each in which a general description of an area of immunogenetics will be followed by reports on 3. Genetics Journal Club An informal meeting of selected papers and by discussion. General concepts students and staff at which current literature or re­ in immunogenetics will be covered, certain of the search is discussed. Held every two weeks throughout more widely used laboratory approaches will be the year. F 12. R. Bachvarova. critically discussed, and the biological problems asso­ ciated with the histocompatibility gene complex and 4. Advanced Genetics Designed to give the student genetic control of immunoglobulins will be empha­ a sound background in genetic theory; an in-depth sized. Drs. S. Litwin and P. Rubenstein, consideration of the gene as a unit of heredity. First semester: three hours per week to be arranged. Microbiology D. Bennett. Faculty 5. Advanced Microbial Genetics Z Harsanyi. (See Microbiology). R. W. Dickerman, Z. Harsanyi, L. Korngold, A. R. Neurath, W. M. O'Leary, R. B. Roberts, W. F. Scherer, 6. Medical Genetics Lectures Lectures deal L. B. Senterfit, G. W. Siskind, D. H. Sussdorf, M. E. specifically with genetics as it pertains to human Weksler, M. E. Wiebe, J. F. Woodruff population and human disease, covering the topics of human cytogenetics; Mendelian principles in man; Field Representative and gene action pertaining to gene interaction, regula­ tion of gene activity, inborn errors of metabolism, D. H. Sussdorf, Department of Microbiology, Room Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and mutation and B-403, Medical College selection. Third trimester: W 3-4. D. Bennett, A. G. The Field of Microbiology offers graduate training Bearn, B. S. Danes, J. L. German, and S. D. Litwin. leading to the Ph.D. degree. Under special circum­ stances, candidacy towards the M.S. degree will be 7. Introduction to Research In Genetics Students considered. Candidates may select an area of research are expected during their first year to spend time and from such microbiological topics as general and perform experiments in the laboratories of three medical bacteriology, microbial chemistry and physi­ faculty members of the Field of Genetics. ology, microbial genetics, immunology, and virology.

8. Medical Genetics Rounds Students participate Prospective students should complete at the under­ in the activities of the Medical Genetics Clinic by graduate level a minimum of one year (or its equiva­ assisting in the taking of family histories, construction lent) in general chemistry, organic chemistry, general of pedigrees, and in genetic counseling. Ward rounds physics, mathematics (including college algebra), are carried out weekly. The staff of the Division of botany or zoology (preferably both), and one se­ Human Genetics. mester or its equivalent of analytical or quantitative chemistry. General microbiology or bacteriology and calculus are strongly recommended. Students who 9. Karyotyping Practical experience in chromo­ have not completed the above requirements may be some analysis in the laboratory. Introduction to tissue admitted to graduate study on the condition that culture techniques. Limited to two students. Third deficiencies be removed soon after admission. Appli­ trimester: one day a week for seven weeks; hours to be cants are ordinarily required to present Graduate arranged. J. L. German. Record Examinations scores for the Aptitude Tests and for the Advanced Test in chemistry or biology. 10. Embryology A series of lectures and student seminar-workshops that will approach embryology Individual programs are determined by the student's from both a molecular biologist’s and a geneticist's Special Committee, composed of faculty members viewpoints. The problems of early differentiation representing the major and minor fields. Students will be explored in the light of available biochemical majoring in microbiology select their primary courses and morphological evidence. Selected examples of from those listed below. The nature and number of gene-environment interactions and drug-induced other courses, that may be taken at this institution or malformations will be dissussed. First trimester: at nearby universities, will depend on the students' eleven weeks. Unlimited enrollment. R. Bachvarova. minor fields, their research activities, their individual interests, and the advice of the Special Committees.

11. Genetics and Clinical Aspects of Microbial Ph.D. candidates are required to be proficient in one Drug Resistance (See Microbiology) modern foreign language acceptable to their Special Committees. 12. Somatic Cell Genetics The course will include Although a qualifying examination is not ordinarily lectures and discussions of a variety of topics including given, a student's Special Committee has the pre­ studies of mutagenesis, culture techniques, cell hy­ rogative of requiring it. The Admission to Candidacy bridization and gene mapping, gene expression, Examination is administered by a committee consist­ metabolic cooperation, and inborn errors. Drs. Danes, ing of a chairperson appointed by the dean, the Darlington, German, Silagi, and Siniscalco. student's Special Committee, and three additional 16 Instruction—Medical College Division

faculty members in the Field of Microbiology. The Biology Unit of the Sloan-Kettering Division. For written portion of this examination tests for basic details, refer to Interdivisional Courses, p. 27. facts and concepts in the candidate's areas of study Offered in 1977-78. D. J. Hutchison (SKD) and W. M. and for the candidate's problem-solving ability within O'Leary. and across disciplinary boundaries. The oral examina­ tion provides an opportunity for the student to correct 2. Microbiology and an Introduction to Infec­ deficiencies in the written examination, to be examined tious Disease Presented in the first and second further on general knowledge, and to discuss and be trimesters and consists of laboratory experiments, questioned on his or her planned or current research. lectures, and group discussions. The laboratory work includes an introduction to the procedures used in Special Interests of the Faculty studying microorganisms, experiments on various physical and biological manifestations of antigen- R. W. Dickerman: involvement of birds and mam­ antibody reactions, the actions of chemotherapeutic mals in the ecology of viruses pathogenic to man agents, a survey of the microbial flora of the upper Z. Flarsanyi: genetics of viruses: genetic control of respiratory and lower intestinal tracts of healthy hu­ enzyme structure; drug and chemically induced mans, and an intensive study of the causal agents of chromosomal aberrations; genetics of Aspergillus specific infections, including fungi, spirochetes, rick- nidulans ettsiae, and viruses, as well as bacteria. The lectures L. Korngold: antigenic structure of immunoglobulins are directed toward the development of basic concepts, and of various human tissues particularly the principles involved in microbial A. R. Neurath: characterization of hepatitis B-asso- growth, the principles underlying active immuniza­ ciated antigens tion, and the factors that enter into host-parasite W. M. O'Leary: microbial cellular composition; mech­ relationships. Emphasis is placed on aspects related anisms of pathogenesis; microbial lipids; antibiotic to the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and pre­ function; instrumental characterization of bacteria; vention of infectious disease. Special attention is also anaerobiasis given to the immunological principles underlying such R. B. Roberts: interactions between microorganisms noninfectious conditions as hypersensitivity, auto­ and phagocytic cells immunity, and graft rejection. Offered every year. W. F. Scherer: cell-virus relationships; virus virulence; W. F. Scherer and staff. host defense mechanisms; ecology and epidemiology of arbo viruses, especially mosquito-borne encepha­ 3. Advanced Diagnostic Microbiology The lec­ litis viruses of tropical North and Central America ture and laboratory sessions acquaint the student with L. B. Senterfit: antigenic structure of mycoplasma; the procedures used in, and technique of management pathogenesis of respiratory viral and mycoplasmic of, a clinical microbiology laboratory. Emphasis is disease; vaccine development; clinical microbiology upon developing the student's capability in the isola­ G. W. Siskind: factors involved in control of the tion and rapid identification of organisms from various immune response; changes in antibody affinity types of clinical specimens. Liberal use is made of and heterogeneity with increasing time after clinical materials available through the diagnostic immunization; ontogeny and genetics of hetero­ laboratories of The New York Hospital. Offered geneity of antibody affinity every year in the third trimester. Hours by arrange­ D. FI. Sussdorf: function of the thymus and related ment. L. B. Senterfit. lymphoid tissues in development of immunocom- petence; immunology of the athymic ('nude') mouse; 4. Microbial Chemistry and Physiology Lectures immunological factors in carcinogenesis cover literature and methodology pertinent to physico­ M. E. Weksler: lymphocyte interactions with auto­ chemical properties of microorganisms and their logous cells in autoimmune and neoplastic diseases; environments, the growth and death of microorgan­ immunology of aging isms, chemical composition of cells and subcellular M. E. Wiebe: molecular virology; mechanism of virus structures, nutritional requirements, microbiological replication, host cell response, viral interference, assay and auxotrophic mutants, energy metabolism, and viral virulence degradations and biosyntheses, the physiology of J. F. Woodruff: interactions of viruses with lympho­ pathogenesis, and important microbial products. cytes; immunological mechanisms in viral myo­ Laboratory sessions provide experience with large- carditis scale culture and recovery of cells, synthetic media, microbiological assay, extraction of cellular constitu­ Courses ents, respirometry, and studies of substrate utilization employing radioactive metabolites. Minimal pre­ Students who wish to attend any of the following requisites are general microbiology, qualitative and courses either for credit or as an auditor should contact quantitative analysis, organic chemistry, and at least the field representative or the faculty member respon­ one semester (or its equivalent) of biochemistry. sible for each course well in advance of the beginning Offered every other year in the third trimester. T Th, of each course. In general, as many students as pos­ lectures 10-11; laboratory 2-5. Offered in 1977-78. sible are accommodated in lectures; however, par­ W. M. O'Leary. ticipation in laboratory sections is restricted. 5. Advanced Microbial Genetics Selected con­ 1. Microbiology for Graduate Students (Inter­ cepts of molecular genetics are examined using both divisional) Offered by the staff of the Field of Micro­ prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms as models. biology of the Medical College Division and of the Topics include intra- and intercistronic complementa­ Instruction—Medical College Division 17

tion, mitotic and meiotic recombination, genetic special undergraduate study program at Ithaca or control mechanisms, gene conversion, polyploidy and during the year after receiving a bachelor's degree, the aneuploidy, genetic interference, mechanisms of student may concentrate on developing skills in clinical suppression, and polarity. The course is designed to microbiology at the Cornell Medical School-New York elucidate the genetic methods available for studying Hospital in New York City. Students will participate hereditary material. Offered every second year in the in courses concerning microbiology, an introduction third trimester, one lecture weekly. Not offered in to infectious diseases, diagnostic microbiology, para­ 1977-78. Z. Harsanyi. sitology, immunology and virology, in addition to working in the hospital diagnostic laboratory. This 6. Advanced Immunology (Interdivisional) A clinical microbiology specialization is designed to comprehensive, two-trimester lecture course is offered prepare students for employment in clinical micro­ by members of the staffs of the Medical College and biology laboratories. However, it could also be se­ Sloan-Kettering Divisions. Offered every other year lected by students interested in further education or during the second and third trimesters, two lectures other careers. weekly. Not offered in 1977-78, Y. B. Kim (second trimester) and D. H. Sussdorf (third trimester). A Neurobiology and Behavior laboratory course is given every third year in the third trimester. Offered in 1977-78. D. H. Sussdorf. For Faculty details, refer to Interdivisional Courses, p. 27. I. B. Black, D. C. Brooks, G. Cotzias, T. Duffy, D. 7. Advanced Virology Presents, in lectures and Gardner, M. D. Gershon, J. G. Gibbs, Jr., S. Goldstone, laboratory sessions, modern concepts and techniques B. Grafstein, W. D. Hagamen, M. Hamburg, T. H. Joh, of virology. Virus structure, chemical composition, K. W. Lieberman, T. H. Meikle, Jr., M. A. Nathan, physical and biologic properties, and relationships M. Okamoto, V. M. Pickel, F. Plum, D. J. Reis, W. F. with host cells are considered in depth. Minimal pre­ Riker, Jr., W. N. Schoenfeld, J. A. Sechzer, G. P. requisites for credit are general microbiology and at Smith, P. Stokes, J. M. S. Winterkorn least one semester (or its equivalent) of biochemistry. Every third year. Not offered in 1977-78. M. E. Field Representative Wiebe and W. F. Scherer. V. M. Pickel, Department of Neurology, Room KB 8. Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Microbial Drug 421, Kips Bay Building, Medical College Resistance Provides the clinically oriented student with a solid foundation in the biomedical aspects of The Field of Neurobiology and Behavior provides antibiotic resistance. Mechanisms of resistance, mode training in the study of the nervous system. It includes of spread, source of mutants, and principles of anti­ the disciplines of neuroanatomy, neuroembryology, biotic therapy will be covered. Offered every year in neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neurochemis­ the third trimester, two hours weekly, by arrange­ try, neuroendocrinology, and neuropsychology and ment. Z. Harsanyi and W. M. O'Leary. perception. The program of the field emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach to the study of the nervous 9. Research on Special Problems For students system, based on the belief that future advances in who want significant experience in specialized pro­ our understanding of the nervous system will be cedures which they could not obtain otherwise, the derived from a knowledge of the thinking and research field offers individualized research on special prob­ techniques employed by more than one discipline. lems. The nature, complexity, and time required for Towards this end, the program of the students such research vary according to the needs and desires entering the field is planned in consultation with of each student. Such experience is available in each several staff members, and the students are expected specialty covered by the faculty of the field and can be to spend some period of time working closely with arranged by consultation of the student with the members of the faculty whose interests are related to appropriate faculty member. Available each year and theirs. In addition, there are regularly scheduled throughout the year. The staff. seminars in the field during which various aspects of work in progress are presented and discussed. By this 10. Thesis Research In M icrobiology Required of means, the students are afforded the broadest possible all students taking a major in microbiology. Offered view of the field during their total training experience. yearly and throughout the year. The staff. The student who chooses Neurobiology and Behavior as a major field will be required to satisfy the require­ 11. Microbiology Seminar Reports on surveys of ments of the courses in neural sciences, statistics, and the literature in the field and on current research. biomathematics, and two of the following: micro­ Presented by graduate students, faculty, and visiting scopic anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and phar­ scientists. Attendance is required of all students macology. In addition, participation in the seminar majoring or minoring in microbiology throughout program is expected. While there are no language their programs of study. Offered yearly and through­ requirements, it is suggested that the student achieve out the year. One-hour sessions on alternate weeks; mastery of a modern foreign language or a computer first and second trimesters, T 1 -2; third trimester, language. When Neurobiology and Behavior is chosen Th 1 -2. Z Harsanyi. as a minor field of study, the student is required to participate in the neural science course and the 12. Clinical Microbiology Program on Ithaca and seminar program as well as any additional experience New York Campuses During the senior year of a which the minor adviser may suggest. 18 Instruction—Medical College Division

Applicants to the Field of Neurobiology and Behavior Courses are expected to have had adequate undergraduate training in biology, organic chemistry, physics, and 1. Neurosciences This is the basic undergraduate mathematics. Graduate Record Examination scores medical course and is required of all major and minor are to be submitted with the application. An interview candidates in the field. It is a broadly based course with the applicant is considered highly desirable. taught by members of the field and introduces the student to neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and Special Interests ol the Faculty pertinent neurology. Third trimester. M. Hamburg and B. Grafstein. I. Black: developmental neurobiology in periphery and brain, including enzyme regulation, trans-synaptic 2. Neurobiology Elective Each year the field offers controls; genetic influences an elective course which considers various special D. Brooks: brain stem influence upon the electrical aspects of neurobiology and behavior. In the past, activity of the visual system during both sleep and the courses have explained, in depth, the synapse, the waking developmental neurobiology, and the impact of the G. Cotzias: basic mechanism in basal ganglia and environment on the nervous system. Offered in extrapyramidal diseases the third trimester, two hours per week; hours to be T. Duffy: carbohydrate and energy metabolism in arranged, four to twenty students. B. Grafstein and staff. altered functional states of brain; ammonia de­ toxification and hepatic coma; effect of anoxia on the developing brain D. Gardner: neurobiology and biophysics of inverte­ Pathology brate synaptic transmission Faculty J. Gibbs: central and peripheral mechanisms of feed­ ing behavior in animals and humans S. Goldstone: human information and processing and D. R. Alonso, C. G. Becker, P. G. Bullough, M. H. S. cognitive functioning Clements, F. Daniels, Jr., J. W. Dougherty, J. T. Ellis, B. Grafstein: growth of nerve and the transport of W. Insull, Jr., A. Kellner, R. C, Mellors, C. R. Minick, materials in axons G. E. Murphy, C. K. Petito, A. M. Prince, C. A. Santos- W. D. Flagamen: self-stimulation, habituation and Buch, L. B. Senterfit, J. E. Seybolt, M. Susin, C. W. Watson, J. Woodruff changes in affective behavior in cats; artificial in­ telligence in computers M. Hamburg: regulatory mechanisms for the bio­ Field Representative synthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters T. H. Joh: neurochemistry and regulatory mechanisms C. G. Becker, Department of Pathology, Room C-444, of the enzymes involved in monamine biosynthesis Medical College K. W. Lieberman: neurochemical aspects of mental Pathology Is the study of the causes and mechanisms illness and alcoholism of disease processes. The purpose of a graduate pro­ T. Meikle: animal studies of neural mechanisms basic gram in pathology is to provide individuals with a to learned behavior, particularly visual learning baccalaureate or medical degree with a basic knowl­ M. A. Nathan: control of cardiovascular system in edge of disease processes by a study of the disciplines basic reflex regulation, hypertension, and emotional of anatomic and clinical pathology and by learning behavior modern techniques of biologic Investigation. It is hoped M. Okamoto: neuropharmacology; sedative-hypnotic that a student completing this program will have both drug dependence the information and technical skills to make significant V. M. Pickel: immunocytochemistry of monoamine inquiries into the nature of disease processes and to synthesizing enzymes in development and regen­ bridge the gap between classical, descriptive pathol­ eration ogy, and such disciplines as biochemistry and F. Plum: cerebral metabolism in disease states; central molecular biology. regulation systems D. J. Reis: central neural regulation of cardiovascular The graduate program in pathology includes the function; regeneration and degeneration in CNS; observation of diseases in their various forms at neurobiology of central monoamine neurons autopsy and in clinical laboratories and study and W. F. Riker: pharmacology and physiology of neuro­ research in the areas of immunology and immuno- muscular transmission pathology, oncology, virology, cellular biology, and electron microscopy. It may also include study in W. N. Schoenfeld: effects of long-term stress upon selected behavioral and physiological systems; advanced mathematics, physiology, biophysics, phar­ reinforcement schedules; behavior theory macology, anatomy, cytochemistry and histochemistry, J. Sechzer: visual learning and memory in adult and advanced biochemistry, genetics, and microbiology. neonatal split-brain animals; learning and memory New students are expected to have completed mathe­ in split-brain animals matics through integral calculus, chemistry through G. Smith: feeding behavior, emotional behavior, and organic chemistry (although physical chemistry is learning in rats and monkeys, utilizing concepts of recommended), basic physics, and at least general neuroendocrinology biology. A reading knowledge of at least one foreign P. Stokes: endocrinology and psychobiology language is suggested but not required. For those J. M. S. Winterkorn: visual behavior and learning students entering the program with baccalaureate after brain lesions degrees only, the Graduate Record Examinations, Instruction—Medical College Division 19

including the Aptitude Tests and the Advanced Test These include reports on original research by members in biology or chemistry, are required. of the staff and by visiting lecturers. Flours to be announced. The staff. Graduate students in pathology are required, as an initial part of their program, to take the course in 5. Experimental Pathology Independent research general and systemic pathology offered to second- projects in various areas of pathology are offered. year medical students. They are required to minor in The staff. at least one and not more than two other biomedical fields. Courses in biomathematics, advanced bio­ The following courses are offered by various members chemistry, genetics, and microbiology are also re­ of the field in collaboration with faculty members of quired. Additional courses not available at the related fields. The terms and hours are by arrange­ Graduate School of Medical Sciences can be taken at ment. neighboring institutions with approval of the Field Immunopathology of Pathology and the candidate's Special Committee. Cardiovascular pathology Autopsy pathology Special Interests of the Faculty Orthopedic pathology Renal pathology D. R. Alonso: cardiovascular pathology Gastrointestinal pathology C. G. Becker: cardiovascular and renal diseases: Neuropathology immunopathology; host-parasite relationships Surgical pathology P. G. Bullough: diseases and metabolism of bone Cytopathology M. Ff. S. Clements: exfoliative cytopathology Tumor pathology F. Daniels, Jr.: diseases of the skin Clinical biochemistry J. W, Dougherty: diseases of the skin Flematology and Immunohematology J. T. Ellis: electron microscopy; kidney disease; Clinical microbiology and muscle diseases W. Insull, Jr.: arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease A. Kellner: immunohematology; lipid metabolism; pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis Pharmacology R. C. Mellors: studies in immunopathology relating Faculty to the role of viruses in autoimmune disease and leukemogenesis B. Berkowitz, J. FI. Burns, Walter W. Y. Chan, D. E. C. R. Minick: pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and Drayer, A.-R. Fuchs, R. W. Floude, C. E. Inturrisi, hypertension; lipid metabolism; immunopathology; A. Kappas, FI. Kutt, R. Levi, M. Okamoto, M. M. electron microscopy Reidenberg, A. Rlfkind, W. F. Riker, Jr., A. K. Shapiro, G. E. Murphy: cardiovascular diseases; host-parasite A. Van Poznak relationships C. K. Petito: neuropathology; ultrastructure and Field Representative histochemistry of diseases of central nervous system A. M. Prince: virology; pathogenesis of liver diseases M. Okamoto, Department of Pharmacology, Room C. A. Santos-Buch: cellular biology; immunopathology; E-411, Medical College cardiovascular disease; electron microscopy L. B. Senterfit: antigenic structure of mycoplasma; In graduate training, emphasis is placed on sound pathogenesis of respiratory viral and mycoplasmic basic training in general pharmacology. By means of disease; vaccine development; clinical microbiology individual instruction, the candidate is later afforded J. E. Seybolt: exfoliative cytopathology an exposure to several specialized aspects of phar­ M. Susin: pathology of renal disease; electron micros­ macology. The latter part of the graduate curriculum copy is devoted to research in an area of the candidate's C. W. Watson: exfoliative cytopathology choice. J. Woodruff: virology An adequate preliminary training in organic chem­ istry, physical chemistry, biochemistry, and physiology Courses is prerequisite to graduate work in pharmacology. Training in statistics is strongly recommended. 1. General and Systemic Pathology Lectures, practical classes, and seminars. First trimester: M W F Special Interests of the Faculty 9-1. Second trimester: M W 10-1, Th 9-1. The staff. B. A. Berkowitz: biochemical pharmacology; cate­ 2. Correlative Pathology Gross and microscopic cholamines; immunopharmacology of narcotics material is correlated and related to the disease J. J. Burns: biochemical pharmacology; drug metab­ processes. The staff. olism W. W. Y. Chan: renal pharmacology; endocrine phar­ 3. Forensic Pathology Courses are offered in the macology; polypeptide pharmacology above by special arrangement with the chief medical D. E. Drayer: drug metabolism examiner of the City of New York. A.-R. Fuchs: reproductive pharmacology R. W. Houde: clinical pharmacology of the analgesic 4. Seminars in Pathology Discussions outlining drugs; development of methods of evaluating the the scope of modern pathology are given weekly. effects of drugs on subjective response 20 Instruction—Medical College Division

C. E. Inturrisi: biochemical pharmacology; metab­ Field Representative olism of narcotic analgesics A. Kappas: clinical pharmacology; drug metabolism, T. M. Maack, Department of Physiology and Bio­ porphyrins, corticosteroids physics, Room D-407, Medical College H. Kutt: clinical pharmacology; neuropharmacology; drug metabolism Opportunities are offered toward the Ph.D. degree R. Levi: cardiovascular pharmacology and electro­ in several areas of physiology and biophysics. Ample space is available and laboratories are well equipped physiology; immunopharmacology to provide predoctoral training in a medical environ­ M. Okamoto: neuropharmacology; neuromuscular ment. Interested individuals are urged to contact the transmission; sedative-hypnotic drug dependence field representative before preparing a formal appli­ M. M. Reidenberg: clinical pharmacology; drug cation. Letters of inquiry should include an indication metabolism of educational background and possible areas of em­ A. Rifkind: clinical pharmacology; endocrine phar­ phasis in graduate study. There has been a tendency macology to encourage applications from individuals who have W. F. Riker, Jr.: general pharmacology; neurophar­ a probable interest in one or more of the areas of macology; neuromuscular transmission physiology represented within the field. A. K. Shapiro: clinical pharmacology; psychophar­ macology Formal applications should include full college trans­ A. Van Poznak: clinical pharmacology; pharmacology cripts, at least two letters of recommendation, and of halogenated hydrocarbons; neuropharmacology recent Graduate Record Examination scores if avail­ able. Introductory courses in biology, inorganic and Courses organic chemistry, physics, and mathematics through the level of differential and integral calculus are I. General Pharmacology The basic pharmacology required. Additional course work in these disciplines course Is offered to second-year medical students at the undergraduate level is encouraged. Although and to qualified graduate students. It consists of not required, candidates are urged to take the Gradu­ lectures, laboratory work, demonstrations, and semi­ ate Record Examinations, since performance in these nars given during the first and second trimesters. The examinations is an important factor in the selection of purpose of these exercises is to teach the principles applicants. Applicants with otherwise exemplary of pharmacology. Detailed consideration is given to records, who lack certain course requirements, will be the parameters of drug action to provide the student considered for acceptance provided that candidates with the fundamental concepts essential for the evalu­ remedy such deficiencies while in training. ation of any drug. Consequently, emphasis is placed on the scientific basis of pharmacology. Prototype The course of study emphasizes the importance of teaching and research in the preparation and develop­ drugs, considered essentially systemically, serve to illustrate several mechanisms and parameters of drug ment of individuals for careers in physiology. This goal action. Therapeutic applications are considered only is achieved by a combination of didactic courses, insofar as they illustrate principles of pharmacology seminars, and closely supervised research leading toward the preparation of a satisfactory thesis. or drug hazards. Prerequisites: biochemistry and physiology. The staff. A special program of study will be developed for each student in consultation with his or her Special Com­ 2. Research In Pharmacology Research opportu­ mittee. In addition to the general requirements set by nities may be arranged throughout the year for the Graduate School for all fields, all candidates for graduate students who are not majoring in pharma­ the doctoral degree in physiology will be expected to cology but who wish some investigative experience in meet the following specific requirements: the discipline. Special opportunities are offered for 1. Evidence of a satisfactory background in neuro­ work on the nervous and cardiovascular systems and sciences. Ordinarily, the course in neurosciences in biochemical and clinical aspects of pharmacology. The staff. described under the Field of Neurobiology and Be­ havior, or an equivalent course, will be taken con­ currently with the course in physiology and biophysics. 3. Advanced Courses and Seminars The Field of 2. Satisfactory completion of the course in physi­ Pharmacology offers several advanced courses and ology and biophysics, or an equivalent course. seminars in the areas that are of interest to the faculty 3. For majors and minors in the field, a minimum of of the field and the graduate students. The content, two elective courses in the field ordinarily will be the format, and the schedule of these courses are required, in addition to the course in physiology and determined each year on the basis of the number and biophysics. the backgrounds of the interested students. The staff. 4. Proficiency in reading scientific literature in one modern foreign language. 5. Satisfactory completion of an individualized labo­ Physiology ratory experience in an area of research different from that chosen for the doctoral dissertation. Faculty

O. S. Andersen, S. Balagura-Baruch, W. A. Briscoe, Special Interests of the Faculty W. W. Y. Chan, C. Fell, D. Gardner, B. Grafstein, R. L. Greif, N. B. Javitt, R. Levi, J. E. Lewy, C. Liebow, M. O. S. Andersen: properties of cell membranes, arti­ Lipkin, T. M. Maack, A. Taylor, E. E. Windhager ficial lipid membranes Instruction—Medical College Division 21

S. Balagura-Baruch: renal metabolism and transport 4. Selected Topics In Gastrointestinal and of Krebs cycle intermediates Hepatic Physiology and Pathophysiology Topics W. A. Briscoe: blood gas transfer in health and disease include bilirubin metabolism and excretion, choles­ W. W. Y. Chan: pharmacology of neurohypophysial terol metabolism bile salt excretion, bile formation, hormones and related polypeptides esophageal motility, gastric function, intestinal cell C. Fell: cardiovascular function: in particular, blood turnover, absorption of fat, absorption of carbohydrate, flow distribution, blood volume, and blood volume the malabsorption syndrome. Third trimester: two distribution hours per week. Six to twelve students. N. B. Javitt. D. Gardner: neurophysiology B. Grafstein: nerve regeneration and transport of 5. Selected Topics In Respiratory Physiology materials in nerve axons Topics covered include: (1) physiological anatomy of R. L. Greif: physiology of the thyroid gland and its the lung; (2) logical formulation and solution of clinical secretions problems; (3) ventilation, alveolar air diagram, nitro­ N. B. Javitt: gastrointestinal and hepatic physiology gen washout; (4) relevant lung function tests; (5) lung and pathophysiology volumes, effect of posture and disease; (6) diffusion, R. Levi: heart electrophysiology; heart hypersensitivity Fick equation, Bohr integration; (7) acid-base con­ reactions; histamine in cardiac function siderations in blood; (8) mechanical properties of J. E. Lewy: development of renal function lung; (9) ventilation-perfusion ratio and Bohr integral C. Liebow: pancreatic secretion isopleths; (10) ecology, sealed spaces, altitude, diving; M. Lipkin: proliferation and differentiation of normal (11) lung function in the first week of life. Students and diseased gastrointestinal cells wishing to take this course must consult with Pro­ T. M. Maack: protein transport and metabolism by fessor Briscoe no later than the seventh week of the the kidney second trimester. Third trimester: two hours per week. A. Taylor: cellular mechanisms of action of anti­ Maximum of twelve students. W. A. Briscoe. diuretic hormone E. Windhager: renal electrolyte metabolism 6. Selected Topics In Kidney and Electrolyte Physiology and Pathophysiology Lectures, semi­ nars, and demonstrations. Topics include: (1) GFR, clearance concept, reabsorption and secretion of Courses electrolytes; (2) concentrating mechanism; (3) elec­ trophysiology of the nephron; (4) pathophysiology of Students planning to register for the course in Physi­ potassium; (5) renal blood flow and its intrarenal ology and Biophysics must consult the field repre­ distribution; (6) renal physiology in the newborn; sentative before the start of the second trimester. (7) control of body fluid volume and tonicity; (8) Students who wish to take a third-trimester course pathology of renal failure; urinary sediment; patho­ (2-8) are advised to consult the field representative physiology of renal failure; (9) radiology of the kid­ no later than the seventh week of the second trimester neys; (10) dialysis; (11) transplantation. Third in order to assure a place in the course. trimester: two hours per week. Maximum of twelve students. E. Windhager and staff. 1. Physiology and Biophysics Lectures and con­ ferences in body fluids, bioelectric phenomena, circu­ 7. Special Topics in Cardiovascular Physiology lation, respiration, and gastrointestinal function. Original research papers will be made available in Second trimester: four hours per week. The staff. advance of each session, and these and the general problems associated with each topic will serve as the Lectures and conferences on kidney function, acid- basis for the discussion. Insofar as possible, experi­ base regulation, endocrinology, and metabolism; mental approaches to each problem will be demon­ and a weekly laboratory on selected aspects of physi­ strated. To some extent, choice of topics can be ology. Third trimester: eleven hours per week. The determined by the interests of the group. Probable staff. topics include: (1) regulation of peripheral blood flow; (2) integrated cardiovascular responses to hypoxia; 2. Respiratory and Renal Mechanisms of Regula­ (3) pulsatile flow in arteries; (4) measures of myo­ tion of Acid-Base Balance Each session consists of cardial performance; (5) blood volume, hemorrhage, an informal lecture and a succeeding seminar discus­ and hemorrhagic shock; (6) cardiac catheterization in sion based on assigned reading in the area of the man, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease. immediately preceding lecture. Third trimester: three Third trimester: three hours per week. Six to twelve hours per week. Five to fifteen students. students. C. Fell. 3. Selected Topics In Endocrinology Important 8. Neurobiology Elective Described under courses scientific papers dealing with certain aspects of en­ offered by the Field of Neurobiology and Behavior. docrinology are distributed to the participants one week in advance of discussion. Each paper is con­ sidered in detail in a seminar directed by an investi­ gator in the area under discussion. One or two pre­ Interdisciplinary Program liminary orientation sessions are given by Professor in Molecular Medicine Greif before distribution of the first scientific paper, and, if feasible, one or two laboratory days are This program offers studies leading to the Ph.D. in an planned. Third trimester: three hours per week. Six established field of the Graduate School of Medical to twelve students. R. L. Greif and staff. Sciences (biochemistry, microbiology, pathology, 22 Instruction—Sloan-Kettering Division

pharmacology, physiology). Although formal course are Invited as guest speakers. In addition, students in work is required, emphasis is placed on basic research the third and later years of graduate study address directed toward the understanding of human disease the seminar on the progress being made in their thesis at the molecular level. A major goal of the program is work. to emphasize interdisciplinary interactions and col­ laboration, and thus to broaden the scope of the 2. Research Colloquia Discussions of research research capabilities of participating students. Re­ conducted by the faculty and literature reports by search opportunities exist in many areas, including students. those listed below. Entering students may work for short periods in several laboratories before beginning 3. Special Laboratory Programs Throughout the thesis research. year students may spend time in research laboratories. The curriculum of each student is planned to meet 4. Introduction to Biohazards and Laboratory individual interests and needs. In addition to research Safety All students are encouraged to take by their and regular course work, graduate students, post­ second year the course of six basic lectures sponsored doctoral research fellows, research associates, and by the Sloan-Kettering Institute Committee on Bio­ the faculty participate in informal seminars and dis­ hazards. The series covers general laboratory safety, cussion groups, conducted in cooperation with various radioisotopes, carcinogens, primary and secondary departments of the Medical Center. barrier systems, contamination control, and hazards The graduate student works directly with a faculty associated with research animals, and is supplemented sponsor in the sponsor’s laboratory and is expected by "special topics" lectures given throughout the to complete a research thesis of high quality in a sub­ year. M. S. Zedeck and staff. ject relating to the major field. 5. Special Topics Seminars and discussions by the Representative Thesis Research Areas faculty. Second and third trimesters.

Atherosclerosis, ageing, blood coagulation, renal diseases, endocrine disorders, drug Biochemistry dependence, cerebral function, hyperten­ sion, skin disorders, lung surfactants, liver Faculty disease, obesity, hemoglobin diseases, pancreatitis, hemolytic diseases, diseases N. W. Alcock, L. H. Augenlicht, I. Balazs, M. E. Balis, of purine, amino acid, carbohydrate, and A. Bendich, R. S. Bockman, E. Borenfreund, G. B. lipid metabolism. Brown, R. M. Burger, L. F. Cavalieri, C. Cunningham- Rundles, Z. Darzynkiewicz, D. B. Donner, J. D. Fissekis, M. Fleisher, J. J. Fox, A. Giner-Sorolla, Faculty S. Green, M. G. Flamilfon, U. Hammerling, L. Kopelo- Sulamita Balagura-Baruch (physiology); Carl G. vich, W. Kreis, K. O. Lloyd, S. L. Marcus, P. W. Melera, M. J. Modak, J. S. Nisselbaum, B. A. Otter, J. C. Par­ Becker (pathology); James S. Cornell (biochemistry); ham, J. Roberts, B. Rosenberg, J. S. Salser, A. S. John T. Ellis (pathology); Gordon F. Fairclough (bio­ chemistry); Bernice Grafstein (physiology); Rudy H. Schneider, M. K. Schwartz, M. R. Sherman, V. P. Skipski, M. Sonenberg, G. Stohrer, N. I. Swislocki, Flaschemeyer (biochemistry); Charles E. Inturrisi P. P. Trotta, K. A. Watanabe, S. S. Witkin, L. C. Yip (pharmacology); Roberto Levi (pharmacology); Alton Meister (biochemistry); C. Richard Minick (pathology); Unit Chairperson Arlene Rifkind (pharmacology); Walter F. Riker, Jr. (pharmacology); Albert L. Rubin (biochemistry); N. I. Swislocki, Sloan-Kettering Division. Howard Charles A. Santos-Buch (pathology); Laurence B. Senterfit (microbiology); Richard L. Softer (bio­ Laboratory, Room 911 chemistry); Kurt H. Stenzel (biochemistry); Suresh S. Opportunities are available for advanced work and Tate (biochemistry); Eric H. Windhager (physiology) research in chemistry and metabolism, bio-organic chemistry, enzymology, hormone chemistry and action, Instruction at the and molecular biology. Sloan-Kettering Division Undergraduate requirements for a major in bio­ chemistry include courses in inorganic chemistry, 1. Graduate Seminar This weekly graduate semi­ qualitative and quantitative chemistry, organic chem­ nar is offered each year and is attended by all first- and istry, physical chemistry, physics, general biology, second-year students of the division. Two or three and mathematics (through calculus). Any of these re­ topics are selected for discussion each year. Topics are quirements not completed at the undergraduate level usually chosen from the following: carcinogenesis; must be completed during graduate study. nucleic acid and protein chemistry and biochemistry; Graduate Record Examinations scores in both the chromosome structure and function; special topics in Aptitude Test (verbal and quantitative) and the Ad­ bacterial genetics; regulation; radiobiology; immu­ vanced Test in chemistry or biology are required. nology; membranes, cell surfaces; mammalian and bacterial viruses. The discussion is carried principally Students electing biochemistry as a major or minor by graduate students under the guidance of faculty subject must complete the first term of the General members whose area of specialization coincides with Biochemistry course (Biochemistry 2A) and the Ad­ the topic. From time to time outstanding authorities vanced Biochemistry course as minimal requirements. Instruction—Sloan-Kettering Division 23

Students may be required to take an oral qualifying A. S. Schneider: membrane structure and function; examination. A written examination may be required biopolymerspectroscopy at the discretion of the student's Special Committee. M. K. Schwartz: antigens, hormones, and enzymes in The Admission to Candidacy Examination is both cancer detection; automated clinical biochemistry written and oral. M. R. Sherman: mechanism of steroid hormone action The only language requirements are those imposed by V. P. Skipski: lipid metabolism and malignancy the student's Special Committee. M. Sonenberg: mechanism of peptide hormone action; liquid control of membrane structure and function Special Interests of the Faculty G. Stohrer: carcinogenesis and cell differentiation N. I. Swislocki: hormone action and plasma mem­ N. W. Alcock: trace metals; parenteral nutrition branes L. H. Augenlicht: transciptional control, eukaryotes P. P. Trotta: adenosine deaminase, growth and differ­ I. Balazs: RNA characterization; transcription and entiation translation in man-mouse cell hybrids K. A. Watanabe: synthesis of nucleoside antibiotics M. E. Balis: enzyme regulation; purine metabolism and antimetabolites A. Bendich: macromolecules; biochemical genetics; S. S. Witkin: carcinogenesis and embryogenesis mammalian cell transformation L. C. Yip: enzymes in purine metabolism, aging, car­ R. S. Bookman: parathyroid action, hypercalcemia cinogenesis and carcinogenesis E. Borenfreund: biochemical genetics; chemical car­ Courses cinogenesis G. B. Brown: chemical carcinogenesis; intermediary 1. General Biochemistry (Biochemistry 2A and metabolism 2B) The course and hours are described on p. 27 R. M. Burger: cell transformation; virus-cell inter­ under Interdivisional Courses. action L. F. Cavalieri: reverse transcriptase; macromolecules 2. Advanced Biochemistry The course and hours C. Cunningham-Rundles: molecular aspects of im­ are described on p. 27 under Interdivisional Courses. munity: HLA composition; B-cell receptors Z. Darzynkiewicz: differentiation and carcinogenesis D. B. Donner: hormone action; cell surface regulation Biology J. D. Fissekis: structural and functional relationships Faculty of biomolecules M. Fleisher: tumor associated antigens; clinical chemi­ J. Abbott, A. M. Albrecht, R. S. Anderson, K. Artzt, cal automation D. Bennett, J. L. Biedler, E. A. Boyse, D. W. Braun, Jr., J. J. Fox: development of antitumor and antiviral P. L. Chello, Y. S. Choi, T.-C. Chou, R. G. Coffey, chemicals N. K. Day, S. B. Day, E. deHarven, A. Demsey, E. E. A. Giner-Sorolla: synthesis of antitumor and antiviral Deschner, M. A. B. deSousa, G. B. Dooher, B. Dupont, chemical; carcinogenesis M. G. Eisinger, D. P. Evenson, R. B. Faanes, E. Fleis- S. Green: isolation of tumor necrotizing factor; macro­ sner, J. E. Fogh, P. J. Gomatos, R. A. Good, Sudhir phage enzymes Gupta, J. W. Hadden, J. A. Hansen, W. D. Hardy, Jr., M. G. Flamilton: eukaryotic ribosomes; characteriza­ Y. Hirshaut, J, A. Hirst, M. Hoffmann, D. J. Hutchison, tion of nucleic acid and proteins G. Incefy, A. J. Kenyon, Y. B. Kim, P. W. Kincade, U. Hammerling: differentiation of lymphocytes; G. C. Koo, R. M. Krug, G. W. Litman, C. Lopez, H. immunochemistry of T and B cells Marquardt, B. M. Mehta, M. R. Melamed, V. Mike, L. Kopelovich: chromosomal proteins, nucleic acids, M. A. S. Moore, M. J. Murphy, Jr., H. F. Oettgen, L. J. and neoplastic transformation Old, R. J. O'Reilly, R. H. F. Peterson, F. S. Philips, W. W. Kreis: biochemical pharmacology; biochemistry Prensky, P. Ralph, F. K. Sanders, N. H. Sarkar, M. of macromolecules Scheid, T. M. Setcavage, J. Sethi, F. P. Siegal, M. K. O. Lloyd: immunochemistry; melanoma and Siniscalco, F. M. Sirotnak, E. M. Smithwick, M. ovarian antigens Spiegelman, C. W. Stackpole, E. Stavnezer, J. Stav- S. L. Marcus: biochemistry of reverse transcriptase nezer, S. S. Sternberg, O. Stutman, M. N. Teller, and DNA polymerase H. Thaler, L. Thomas, S. S. Wachtel, Y. Y. Wang, P. W. Melera: growth and differentiation; bio­ M. S. Zedeck chemistry of RNA M. J. Modak: DNA polymerase; reverse transcriptase; Unit Chairperson oncogenic viruses J. S. Nisselbaum: mechanism of enzyme activity; N. H. Sarkar, Sloan-Kettering Division, Kettering isozymes Laboratory, Room 915 B. A. Otter: synthesis of antitumor compounds J. C. Parham: chemical carcinogenesis; photo­ The program in biology is oriented toward an under­ chemistry; synthesis of antitumor drugs standing of factors that initiate control and modify J. Roberts: enzyme therapy and nutritional deprivation growth and biological development. Opportunity is of neoplasms offered for advanced work and research in cell biology, B. H. Rosenberg: mechanism and control of DNA cytology, genetics, immunology, microbiology, phar­ synthesis macology, pathology, biostatistics, and virology. J. S. Salser: biochemical and immunological character­ Undergraduate prerequisites for a major in biology istics of enzymes include courses in inorganic chemistry, organic chem­ 24 Instruction—Sloan-Kettering Division

istry, qualitative and quantitative chemistry, physics J. E. Fogh: cancer cell biology and virology (mechanics, electricity, and magnetism; sound, heat, P. J. Gomatos: biochemistry and genetics of animal and light), mathematics (through calculus), and gen­ viruses and transformed cells eral biology or zoology or botany or microbiology. R. A. Good: immunobiology and cellular engineering Physical chemistry is recommended. Any of these S. Gupta: primary and secondary immunodeficiencies; requirements not completed at the undergraduate T-cell characterization level must be completed during the first year of gradu­ J. W. Hadden: immunopharmacology ate study. J. A. Hansen: human histocompatibility complex; Graduate Record Examinations in both the Aptitude immune reconstitution Test (verbal and quantitative) and the Advanced Test W. D. Hardy, Jr.: feline lymphosarcoma (leukemia) in biology or chemistry are required. Y. Hirshaut: human tumor antigens J. A. Hirst: cellular immunity; T cell function and Programs are determined individually on the basis of development interest, training, and prior experience. Elective M. Hoffman: regulation of humoral immunity courses in basic medical sciences include those de­ D. J. Hutchison: microbiology; drug resistance and scribed for the Medical College. Formal graduate cytoregulation courses, seminars, and tutorials are arranged with the G. Incefy: lymphocyte (T and B cells) differentiation faculties of the Sloan-Kettering Division and the A. J. Kenyon: pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative Medical College Division. diseases Students may be required to take a qualifying ex­ Y. B. Kim: ontogeny of immune systems and microbial amination. All students are required to pass the toxins Admission to Candidacy Examination and defend P. W. Kincade: hematopoietic differentiation; immuno­ a thesis. A major and two minor subjects are also globulins required. The foreign language requirement will be G. C. Koo: immunogenetics of sperm determined by the student's Special Committee. R. M. Krug: biochemistry of transcription, translation and viral replication Special Intereats of the Faculty G. W. Litman: immunoglobulins; malignant trans­ formation and carcinogenesis J. Abbott: differentiation and cell surface antigens C. Lopez: immunopathology; herpes and slow viruses A. M. Albrecht: folate metabolism and transformation H. Marquardt: chemical carcinogenesis; pharmacology and control mechanisms of antitumor agents R. S. Anderson: phylogeny; immunity and cancer B. M. Mehta: quantitative microbiology; genetics K. Arzt: cell surfaces and tumorigenesis in early M. R. Melamed: cytophysics and cytochemistry mouse embryogenesis V. Mike: biostatistics; robust estimation D. Bennett: developmental genetics and differentiation M. A. S. Moore: multipotential stem cells; granulo­ J. L. Biedler: somatic cell genetics and oncogenic poiesis potential M. J. Murphy: erythropoietin; cell differentiation E. A. Boyse: immunogenetics of the cell surface H. F. Oettgen: cellular immune reactions D. W. Braun, Jr.: biostatistics; computer graphics; L. J. Old: cancer immunology and immunotherapy nonparametric methods R. J. O'Reilly: microbial immunology P. L. Chello: molecular therapeutics and pharma­ R. H. F. Peterson: malignancy: plasma membrane cology composition Y. S. Choi: immunobiology—tumor and lymphoid cell F. S. Philips: pharmacology of antitumor and carcino­ interactions genic agents T.-C. Chou: molecular pharmacology and enzymology W. Prensky: molecular cytogenetics R. G. Coffey: regulatory and effector hormones P. M. Ralph: immunobiology, hematopoiesis, onco­ N. K. Day: comparative and developmental studies of genesis the complement system F. K. Sanders: molecular events in viral infections S. B. Day: biomedical communication N. H. Sarkar: morphology of RNA oncogenic viruses E. deHarven: ultrastructure of cells, viruses, and cell M. Scheid: regulation of T and B cell differentiation surfaces T. M. Setcavage: ontogeny and regulation of immunity A. Demsey: morphogenesis and ultrastructure of J. Sethi: immunobiology: human sarcoma associated leukemia; mammary tumor and SV40 viruses antigens E. E. Deschner: proliferation and differentiation of F. P. Siegal: pathophysiology of immune deficiencies gastrointestinal epithelium M. Siniscalco: somatic cell genetics M. A. B. de Sousa: lymphocytic environment; normal F. M. Sirotnak: regulation: mutagenesis; transport and malignant lymphoid organs and drug action G. B. Dooher: surface and fine structure analysis of E. M. Smithwick: neutrophil function and metabolism mouse spermatozoa M. Spiegelman: cell-cell interactions and embryonic B. Dupont: human immunogenetics development in mice M. G. Eisinger: human wart virus studies C. W. Stackpole: immunological and ultrastructural D. P. Evenson: ultrastructure of RNA and DNA and changes during differentiation and malignant RNA tumor virus transformation R. B. Faanes: immunobiology: target cell-lympho- E. Stavnezer: organization of eukaryotic genomes; cyte-antibody interaction regulation of RNA synthesis E. Fleissner: molecular, biological, and immuno­ J. Stavnezer: isolation and differentiation of immuno­ logical studies of murine leukemia viruses globulin genes Instruction—Sloan-Kettering Division 25

S. S. Sternberg: pathology and drug toxicity preceding trimester.) Third trimester. E. Fleissner and 0. Stutman: cellular immunobiology; oncogenesis staff. M. N. Teller: aging; immunology; oncogenesis H. Thaler: biostatistics; clinical trials 5. Fundamentals of Cell Biology An interdisci­ L. Thomas: microbial toxins and mycoplasma plinary course designed to explore at a fundamental S. S. Wachtel: immunogenetics level those aspects of cellularity with regard to the Y. Y. Wang: biostatistics; methodology and analysis interaction between cells and their environment. The M. S. Zedeck: mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis; main purpose will be to compare the way in which biochemistry of antitumor drugs prokaryotic cells, unicellular organisms such as pro­ tozoa, constitutive eukaryotic cells of multicellular organisms, and cells in tissue culture react to and upon their environment. Comparisons will be made at Courses the morphological, biochemical, biological and molec­ 1. Introductory Microscopic Anatomy The ular levels. There will be discussions of cell replication, course is described on p. 27 under Interdivisional modes of expression of the cellular genome, and their Courses. regulation. Intercellular as well as intracellular controls of biochemical activities (e.g., DNA, RNA, and protein 2. Microscopy for Cancer Research A laboratory synthesis) and aspects of embryogenesis and histodif- course. An introduction to the morphology of cancer ferentiation will be emphasized. Two-hour classes will cells with a double emphasis: 1) advanced methods be given by members of the faculty and by invited in microscopy and 2) human cancer pathology. guest speakers and will include one half hour of dis­ Sessions consist of lectures and/or demonstrations, cussion. Second trimester. E. deFlarven, F. K. Sanders, followed by a laboratory in which students will ex­ and staff. amine microscopic slides (microscopes will be pro­ 6. Cell Culture Techniques Short-term course in vided). Methods of light microscopy (autoradiography, tissue culture techniques for a limited number of stu­ enzyme-cytochemistry, immunofluorescence, etc.), dents at the Walker Laboratory in Rye. Each course, as well as electron microscopy (transmission, scan­ with two students in attendance, will run for a two ning, high resolution, etc.) will be emphasized. Ap­ week period. proximately half of the sessions will deal with the pathology of human neoplastic tissue (leukemia, The course work will include the theoretical and breast cancer, hepatoma, etc.). Third trimester. E. practical aspects of tissue culture with demonstrations deHarven, S. S. Sternberg, and staff. and practice. It will cover general and special tech­ niques as they apply to various fields of cancer re­ 3. Molecular Virology A formal course in which search. Methods of prevention and detection of tissue major emphasis is placed on the basic mechanisms in culture contaminants will be demonstrated. J. Fogh. the biology of all animal viruses, including RNA and DNA tumor viruses. The topics considered include 7. Genetics Seminar Described on p. 14 under virus structure and composition; assay of viruses and the Field of Genetics. viral-specific products; transcription and replication of viral nucleic acids; translation of virus-specific 8. Microbiology for Graduate Students Described proteins; assembly of viral particles; structural and on p. 27 under Interdivisional Courses. functional alterations in viral-infected cells including transformation; pathogenesis of viral diseases; and 9. Advanced Immunology Described on p. 27 viral genetics. Second trimester. P. J. Gomatos, R. M. under Interdivisional Courses. Krug, E. Fleissner, M. Modak, and staff. 10. Biostatistics I: Introduction to Statistical 4. Tumor Virology and Immunology A lecture and Reasoning It is the aim of this course to help par­ discussion course designed to give the student an ticipants gain some insight into the theory underlying in-depth understanding of tumor-virus host inter­ a probabilistic approach to the treatment of observa­ actions in tissue culture and in animal systems. Both tional or experimental data, and to acquaint them with RNA and DNA tumor viruses will be considered es­ the most basic techniques of statistical analysis. Pre­ pecially leukemia-sarcoma viruses of mice, cats and requisite: elementary algebra. First trimester. D. other mammals, mouse mammary tumor virus, and Braun, Jr. polyoma and SV40 viruses. Topics to be covered include inheritance of viral genes and genetic loci 11. Blostatlstlcs II: Methods of Statistical Science affecting virus expression, defective and recombinant Application of concepts introduced in Biostatistics I viral genomes as oncogenic agents, transformed cell to the fields of experimental design, curve fitting, phenotypes and virus-coded transforming functions, and analysis of count data. Prerequisite: Biostatistics tumor antigens and host immune responses, and viral I or equivalent. Second trimester. V. Mike and staff. proteins as tissue-specific differentiation antigens. The overall aims will be to show (1) how viral and host 12. Blostatlstlcs III: Practical Data Analysis Dis­ genetic elements interact in the formation of specific cussion of actual case studies, selected research gene products leading to cellular transformation and projects of the biostatistics faculty and biomedical to tumor growth or rejection and (2) how such an researchers and faculty. Prerequisite: Biostatistics I analysis of neoplastic cells can clarify certain aspects and II, or equivalent. V. Mike and staff. of normal growth control and differentiation. (It is recommended that this course be taken after the 13. Blostatlstlcs W orkshop Experience in the use course in Molecular Virology, which is offered in the of modern computing equipment for the analysis of 26 Instruction—Sloan-Kettering Division

scientific data; opportunity to interact with profes­ niques; the investigation, using existing computer sional statisticians engaged in biomedical research. facilities of mathematical models which simulate the Held on the premises of the Biostatistics Laboratory. behavior of biological systems, e.g. the proliferation of Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in Biostatistics I, cells in human leukemia; the measurement of radia­ II, or III. One session per week; first, second, and tion by calorimetric, chemical, and solid-state tech­ third trimesters. V. Mike and staff. niques; the measurement of bone mineral content in the human. Biophysics A candidate for the M.S. must have a B.A. or B.S. in physics from a recognized university and have com­ Faculty pleted undergraduate courses in general physics, mechanics, electronics, electricity and magnetism, L. L. Anderson, R. E. Bigler, B. Djordjevic, J. Fried, modern physics, and mathematics through differential A. Gelbard, E. W. Hahn, J. H. Kim, T. Y. T. Kuo, J. S. equations. The candidate is expected to satisfactorily Laughlin, J. M. McDonald, G. A. Russ, R. S. Tilbury, L. Zeitz pass courses selected from some of the following subjects: physics, biophysics, biology, radiobiology, Unit Chairperson biochemistry, and biomathematics and must minor in one of those subjects other than physics. The thesis Roy S. Tilbury, Sloan-Kettering Division, Kettering subject must be in the field of radiation physics and Laboratory, Room 218 must represent a comprehensive study demonstrating a thorough knowledge of the chosen subject. A final Graduate work is offered leading to the Ph.D. degree oral examination will be given, primarily on the sub­ in biophysics and the M.S. degree in radiation physics. ject of the thesis and may be preceded by a written A candidate for the Ph.D. must have a B.A. or B.S. examination covering the fundamental principles of degree with a major in physics, or with a major in the course work. There is no mandatory foreign lan­ biology, chemistry, or mathematics and a minor in guage requirement. physics. A candidate for the M.S. must have a B.A. or B.S. in physics from a recognized university. The course of study leading to the M.S. degree in radiation physics trains physicists in the various Graduate Record Examination scores in both the aspects of production, measurement, and application Aptitude Test (verbal and quantitative) and the Ad­ of radiation to various medical and biological prob­ vanced Test in physics, mathematics, chemistry, or lems. These problems particularly involve the use of biology are strongly recommended. radiation in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. A variety of radiation sources is available, capable of Undergraduate prerequisites for the Ph.D. candidate generating photons and electrons with energies include courses in general physics, electricity and ranging from 5 Kev to 25 Mev and with electron magnetism, mechanics, mathematics (through calcu­ dose-rates up to 10'4 rads per second. Experience lus), and thermodynamics, and acceptable laboratory also is provided in the handling and use of many experience In these subjects. Any of those require­ different radioisotopes. The magnitude and variety ments not completed at the undergraduate level must of facilities and unique radiation projects at the Sloan- be completed during graduate study. Graduate Kettering Institute and the Memorial Hospital are course work required for the Ph.D. is flexible, depend­ particularly pertinent for training in this area. An ing upon the student's background and basic in­ important feature is the coexistence of fundamental terests, but ordinarily would include advanced research and practical and clinical applications in the quantum mechanics, electrodynamics, and nuclear same center. physics and courses in the student's minor subjects. In addition, a month spent full time on a laboratory project is required in each of the two minor disciplines. Special Interest! ot the Faculty Students may be required to pass a qualifying ex­ amination covering various basic aspects of their L. L. Anderson: radiation dosimetry major and minor subjects and must pass the Admission R. E. Bigler: in vivo neutron activation analysis to Candidacy Examination. The thesis required for the B. Djordjevic: radiobiological mechanisms in Ph.D. in biophysics should demonstrate the ability synchronous cells of the student to make a thorough and original in­ J. Fried: kinetics of cellular proliferation vestigation in an important area of biophysics. There A. S. Gelbard: enzymatic synthesis of compounds is no mandatory foreign language requirement. labeled with short-lived isotopes Some of the research projects in biophysics that are E. W. Hahn: cytotoxic effects of hyperthermia on pertinent to the Ph.D. program include: kinetics of neoplastic cells the distribution of various isotope-labeled compounds J. H. Kim: mechanisms in combined use of hyper­ in man; metabolism of biologically important com­ thermia and systemic chemotherapy pounds in tissue cultures of human tumor cells and in T. Y. Kuo: fast neutron beams: quality and dosimetry bacteria; the mechanism of radiation action on bac­ J. S. Laughlin: metabolic studies with radionuclide teria and small animals, including metabolism studies labeled compounds with human and other tumors influenced by radiation J. M. McDonald: computerized data taking and under different environmental conditions; fundamental analysis concerned with short half-life; cyclotron radiobiological studies of mammalian cells in tissue produced isotopes culture, study of the early radiation-induced processes G. A. Russ: chemistry and metabolism of short-lived in cells using high-intensity pulsed irradiation tech­ labeled compounds Interdivisional Courses 27

R. S. Tilbury: radiopharmaceuticals for use in nuclear nology; mycology; virology; human, animal, and plant medicine pathogens; microbial ecology; and applied micro­ L. Zeitz: mechanisms of damage and repair in mam­ biology, including food, dairy, and alcoholic products malian cells as well as antibiotics. This course is designed to be of use not only to majors and minors in this subject, but Courses also to those desiring a general and yet functional knowledge of the field. It consists of lectures, demon­ 1. Radiological Physics Lectures and problems. strations, and laboratory work, in varied combinations A series of hourly lectures and assigned problems in for a total involvement of two hours a week. Atten­ applied mathematics, fundamentals of radiation dance in this course is by formal registration for physics, X-ray and radium treatment planning, diag­ credit; auditors by special permission only. Given by nostic X-ray principles, radiation protection, and uses selected faculty members from both the Field of of radioactive isotopes. Hours by arrangement. Microbiology of the Medical College Division and from the Sloan-Kettering Division. Offered in 1977- 2. Radiobiology A semester course in fundamental 1978. First and second trimesters, Th 3-5; third radiobiology dealing with the effects of radiation on trimester, W 10:30-12:30. D. J. Hutchison and cells, viruses, and macromolecules, as well as on W. M. O’Leary. whole animals. The course also covers areas of radia­ 4. Advanced Immunology Lectures, discussions, tion physics and radiation chemistry pertinent to and assigned readings will cover: properties of anti­ radiobiology. Not offered in 1977-1978. gens and antibodies; mechanism of antibody forma­ tion; phylogeny and ontogeny of the immune system; 3. Advanced Biophysics Laboratory courses in structural and functional aspects of the immune each of the topics of radiation biophysics. Hours by system; effector mechanisms of antibody- and cell- arrangement. mediated immunity; complement and other amplifi­ cation systems; mechanisms of immune injuries; 4. Biophysics Colloquia Reports on research in regulation and control of the immune response; progress by faculty and outside lecturers. Required genetics and immunology of transplants and tumors. for majors in biophysics. Hours by arrangement. Laboratory work will include the isolation, purifica­ tion, quantitation, and characterization of antibodies; Interdivisional Courses the critical measurement of antigen-antibodies reac­ tions, and the dynamics of the in vivo antibody re­ 1. General Biochemistry (Biochemistry 2A and sponse. The laboratory course is given every third 2B) Offered by the staff of the Field of Biochemistry, year. Offered in 1977-78. Third trimester: M W Medical College Division, and of the Biochemistry 2-5. D. H. Sussdorf. Minimal prerequisites are: in­ Unit, Sloan-Kettering Division. This is an introductory troductory immunology (as given in courses in general course designed to provide the student with a knowl­ microbiology) and at least one semester (or its equiva­ edge of the fundamentals of biochemistry and an lent) of biochemistry. The lecture course is offered appreciation of the molecular basis of biological every second year during the second and third tri­ phenomena. Graduate students in biochemistry are mesters. Not offered in 1977-78; offered in 1978-79 as required to pass this course (or its equivalent) prior follows: second trimester, two lectures weekly, Y. B. to pursuing advanced courses. Fall trimester: M T Th F Kim and staff; third trimester, two lectures weekly, D. 11-12. R. H. Haschemeyer, P. P. Trotta and staff. H. Sussdorf and staff. Winter trimester: M T Th F 11 -12. L. Kopelovich, 5. S. Tate, and staff. 5. Introductory Microscopic Anatomy Offered by the staff of the Field of Biological Structure and 2. Advanced Biochemistry A graduate course in Cell Biology, Medical College Division, and of the biochemistry is offered jointly by the faculties of the Biology Unit, Sloan-Kettering Division. This course Medical College Division and the Sloan-Kettering is designed for graduate students and consists of lec­ Division. In each trimester, two lectures are given tures and laboratory exercises on cell structure and each week. It is not essential that students take the the organization and development of tissues and course in any particular sequence. The following organs. Selected concepts of fine structure, processes subjects will be considered at an advanced level, with of differentiation, and genetic regulation are pre­ particular attention to contributions of recent research. sented. A microscope slide collection, presenting Winter trimester—Physical Biochemistry: Methodol­ tissues and organs in a variety of physiological and ogy. R. S. Bookman and M. R. Sherman. Spring tri­ developmental states, as well as correlative electron mester—Cellular Regulation and Control. A. Bendich micrographs are provided for individual study in the and staff. laboratory. This course is given during the first tri­ mester and, together with Fundamentals of Cell 3. Microbiology for Graduate Students This Biology (second trimester) and Microscopy for Cancer course is intended to give a much wider coverage of Research (third trimester), constitutes a sequence of the subject than that dealt with in the course of courses which introduces many of the methods of "Microbiology and an Introduction to Infectious microscopic analysis. Students must provide their own Diseases” (see page 16), which is primarily intended compound microscopes through their departments or for medical students. Accordingly, this course is given sponsors. Lectures, three hours per week, and labora­ weekly throughout the academic year and covers the tory, four hours per week; hours to be arranged. history of the science: basic concepts and procedures: M. Spiegelman, G. Dooher, D. Bennett, and E. P. microbial growth and physiology; genetics; immu­ deHarven. 28 Special Programs

Special Programs remainder of the first two years of the medical curriculum. The students must satisfy the academic requirements of the medical curriculum as these are Ph.D.-M.D. Program determined by each of the departments of the first two years. Students enrolled in the Graduate School of Medical 2. Pass the Admission to Candidacy Examination Sciences are eligible for admission into the Ph.D.- required by the Graduate School of Medical Sciences. M.D. Program, jointly sponsored by the Medical 3. Complete the dissertation research; present and College and the Graduate School of Medical Sciences. successfully defend an original thesis at the final This program is designed for those few graduate examination for the Ph.D. degree. After satisfactory students whose teaching and research goals require fulfillment of the required clinical rotations of the the acquisition of the M.D. degree in addition to the Cornell third-year medical curriculum, these students Ph.D. degree. The program is not designed as an may receive credit for their graduate studies to satisfy alternate path for students who have the M.D. degree the elective requirements of the fourth-year medical as their primary goal, but who have not been ac­ curriculum and will then be recommended for award cepted by a medical school. Those who know, at the of the M.D. degree by Cornell University. time of application to Cornell, that they wish to pursue a course of study leading to both degrees should apply While registered as a graduate student in the Ph.D.- to one of the M.D.-Ph.D. programs of the Medical M.D. program the student is subject to the tuition College described below. Only students enrolled in the schedule of the Graduate School of Medical Sciences. Graduate School of Medical Sciences, or accepted for Upon completion of the requirements for the Ph.D. enrollment, are eligible for admission to the Ph.D.- degree, the student is registered in the Medical Col­ M.D. Program at Cornell University Medical College. lege and is subject to the tuition schedule of the Cornell University Medical College. Requirements for Admission M.D.-Ph.D. Program

Applications to this program are ordinarily made after Programs of study leading to the Ph.D. degree are completion of the first year of study in the Graduate available to (1) students entering Cornell University School of Medical Sciences, although more advanced Medical College, (2) medical students already ma­ students may be considered. The deadline for applica­ triculated at the Medical College, and (3) resident tion is July 1. physicians in hospitals affiliated with the Medical To apply, the student must submit to the Ph.D.-M.D. College. Committee of the Graduate School of Medical Sci­ ences: Entering Medical Students 1. A completed application for admission with ad­ vanced standing to Cornell University Medical College The applicant to this program for entering medical (obtainable from the Medical College Admissions students must apply to both the Cornell University Office); Medical College and the Graduate School of Medical 2. A plan of graduate study incorporating all required Sciences and be accepted under the admissions pro­ course work of the first two years of the Medical cedures of both schools. College curriculum and endorsed by the student's The purpose of this program is to expose the student Special Committee; to both medical and graduate disciplines from the 3. Evidence of successful completion of at least two outset. The student spends the first two years as a major medical school basic science courses (ana­ medical student studying the basic medical sciences tomical sciences, biochemistry, microbiology, pathol­ and attending regular graduate seminars. The summer ogy, pharmacology, physiology); months are spent in the laboratory learning experi­ 4 Two letters of evaluation from faculty of the mental techniques and doing research. The third, Graduate School of Medical Sciences. fourth, and fifth years of the student's program are The Ph.D.-M.D. Committee of the Graduate School spent as a full-time graduate student and are devoted of Medical Sciences will review the students' creden­ exclusively to laboratory research and writing the tials and will select from among the applicants those thesis. The sixth year of the program is spent as a students to be considered by the Committee on Ad­ medical student in clinical study. This six-year pro­ missions of Cornell University Medical College. Only gram represents the minimum time required to satisfy applicants who are found to be acceptable for admis­ residence requirements of both the M.D. and Ph.D. sion to Cornell University Medical College by its degrees at Cornell University. Committee on Admissions, after review of the applica­ Ordinarily an entering medical student accepted into tion and a personal interview, will be accepted into the the M.D.-Ph.D. program will initially register in both Ph.D.-M.D. Program. Final decisions will be made the Cornell University Medical College and the Gradu­ before August 15. ate School of Medical Sciences. For the first and second years of the program, the student ordinarily Degree Requirements will maintain registration as a full-time medical stu­ dent and be granted an administrative leave of absence Students accepted in this program must fulfill the from the Graduate School of Medical Sciences. The following requirements before admission to the third student may accumulate residence credit in the year clinical curriculum of the Medical College: Graduate School of Medical Sciences for full-time 1. Complete all required graduate courses and the graduate study during the summer. Special Programs 29

During the third and fourth years of the M.D.-Ph.D. basic science course work taken in the medical cur­ program, a student ordinarily will be registered as a riculum can be granted toward the Ph.D. degree after full-time graduate student and will be granted an the student passes an evaluation examination. administrative leave of absence from the Medical College. While registered in the Graduate School of A medical student who elects to begin graduate work Medical Sciences, the student will be subject to the leading to the Ph.D. degree in the senior year of medi­ tuition schedule of the Graduate School of Medical cal school may register in both the Cornell University Sciences. In general, a student will be registered in Medical College and the Graduate School of Medical both the Cornell University Medical College and the Sciences. The student begins his or her graduate Graduate School of Medical Sciences during the last didactic work during that year, and, ordinarily, the year of study for the Ph.D., which in most cases will M.D. degree is granted at the end of that year. Re­ be the fifth year of the program. During the final year search in the area of the Ph.D. thesis topic is begun of the program, usually the sixth year, a student will during the fifth year. A. two-year period of full-time be registered only in the Cornell University Medical research is a realistic minimum estimate for the time College. required to execute the experimental and theoretical work necessary to fulfill the requirements for the Ph.D. A student in the M.D.-Ph.D. program is liable for degree. tuition to the school in which registered. During the year in which the student is registered in both the Resident Physicians Cornell University Medical College and the Graduate School of Medical Sciences, the student will be liable The resident physician may enroll in the Graduate for half the tuition to each school. School of Medical Sciences as a full-time graduate student working toward the Ph.D. Part-time graduate study is not permitted. A maximum of two residence Matriculated Medical Students credits for medical school course work in the basic sciences can be granted toward the residence re­ A medical student enrolled in the Cornell University quirements of the Ph.D. degree after the student Medical College may interrupt medical studies at any passes an evaluation examination. time to pursue full-time graduate study leading to the Ph.D. degree. The student must fulfill all regular Prospective applicants to these programs should requirements of the Graduate School of Medical communicate with the associate dean of the Graduate Sciences. A maximum of two residence credits for School of Medical Sciences.

Cornell University

Register

University Administration

Frank H. T. Rhodes, President of the University Alberta M. Albrecht, Associate Professor of Micro­ Dale R. Corson, Chancellor of the University biology. B.S. 1951, Seton Hall College; Ph.D. David C. Knapp, University Provost 1961, Rutgers University Theodore Cooper, Dean of the Medical College and Nancy W. Alcock, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. Provost for Medical Affairs B.S. 1949, University of Tasmania; Ph.D. 1960, William G, Herbster, Senior Vice President University of London (England) Mark Barlow, Jr., Vice Provost Vincent G. Allfrey, Visiting Professor of Genetics. Constance E. Cook, Vice President for Land-grant B.S. 1943, City College of New York; M.S. 1948, Affairs Ph.D. 1949, Columbia University W. Donald Cooke, Vice President for Research Daniel R. Alonso, Associate Professor of Pathology. June M. Fessenden-Raden, Vice Provost M.D. 1962, University of Cuyo William D. Gurowitz, Vice President for Campus Olaf S. Andersen, Associate Professor of Physiology. Affairs Candidatus Medicinae, 1971, University of Copen­ Robert T. Horn, Vice President and Treasurer hagen (Denmark) Samuel A. Lawrence, Vice President for Financial Lowell L. Anderson, Visiting Assistant Professor of and Planning Services Biophysics. B.S. 1953, Whitworth College; Ph.D. E. Hugh Luckey, Vice President for Medical Affairs 1958, University of Rochester Robert M. Matyas, Vice President for Facilities Robert S. Anderson, Assistant Professor of Biology. and Business Operations B.S. 1961, Drexel University; M.S. 1968, Hahne­ Richard M. Ramin, Vice President for Public Affairs mann Medical College; Ph.D. 1971, University of Byron W. Saunders, Dean of the University Faculty Delaware Neal R. Stamp, University Counsel and Secretary Karen Artzt, Assistant Professor of Biology. A.B. of the Corporation 1964, Ph.D. 1972, Cornell University Leonard H. Augenlicht, Assistant Professor of Bio­ chemistry. B.A. 1967, SUNY Binghamton; Ph.D. Graduate School of 1971, Syracuse University Medical Sciences Rosemary F. Bachvarova, Assistant Professor of Genetics. B.A. 1961, Radcliffe College; Ph.D. Administration 1966, Rockefeller University Sulamita Balagura-Baruch, Associate Professor of Frank H. T. Rhodes, President of the University Physiology. M.D. 1959, University del Valle E. Hugh Luckey, Vice President for Medical Affairs (Colombia); Ph.D. 1963, Cornell University William W. Lambert, Dean of the Graduate School Ivan Balazs, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. Julian R. Rachele, Acting Dean of the Graduate Ph.D. 1972, Albert Einstein College of Medicine School of Medical Sciences; Assistant Dean of M. Earl Balis, Professor of Biochemistry. B.A. 1943, the Graduate School Temple University; Ph.D. 1949, University of Robert A. Good, Director, Sloan-Kettering Division Pennsylvania Dorris J. Hutchison, Associate Director, Alexander G. Bearn, Professor of Medicine. M B., B.S. Sloan-Kettering Division 1946, M.D. 1951, University of London Carl G. Becker, Professor of Pathology. B.S. 1957, Faculty Yale University; M.D. 1961, Cornell University Aaron Bendich, Professor of Biochemistry. B.S. 1939, Joan Abbott, Assistant Professor of Biology. B.A. City College of New York; Ph.D. 1946, Columbia 1954, Connecticut College; M.A. 1957, Washing­ University ton University; Ph.D. 1965, University of Penn­ Dorothea Bennett, Professor of Biology. A.B. 1951, sylvania Barnard College; Ph.D. 1956, Columbia University 32 Register

Barry A. Berkowitz, Adjunct Associate Professor of B.S. 1969, Michigan State University; Ph.D. 1973, Pharmacology. B.S. 1964, Northeastern University; University of California at Los Angeles Ph.D. 1968, University of California Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Assistant Professor June L. Biedler, Associate Professor of Biology. A.B. of Biochemistry. B.S. 1965, Duke University; M.D. 1947, Vassar College; Ph.D. 1959, Cornell Uni­ 1969, Columbia College of Physicians and Sur­ versity geons; Ph.D. 1974, New York University Rodney E. Bigler, Assistant Professor of Biophysics. B. Shannon Danes. Assistant Professor of Medicine. B.S. 1966, Portland State University; Ph.D. 1971, B.A. 1948, Mount Holyoke College; M.A. 1949, University of Texas University of Texas; Ph.D. 1952, State University Ira B. Black, Associate Professor of Neurology. A.B. of Iowa; M.D. 1962, Columbia University 1961, Columbia College; M.D. 1965, Harvard Farrington Daniels, Jr., Professor of Medicine and University Public Health. B.A. 1940, University of Wisconsin; Richard S. Bockman, Assistant Professor of Biochem­ M.D. 1943, Harvard Medical School istry. B.A. 1962, Johns Hopkins University; M.D. Gretchen Darlington, Assistant Professor of Genetics. 1967, Yale University; Ph.D. 1971, Rockefeller B.A. 1964, University of Colorado; M.A. 1966, University Ph.D. 1970, University of Michigan Ellen Borenfreund, Associate Professor of Biochemis­ Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Assistant Professor of Bio­ try. B.S. 1946, Hunter College; Ph.D. 1957, chemistry. M.D. 1960, Academy of Medicine, New York University Warsaw (Poland); Ph.D. 1965, Academy of Medi­ Edward A. Boyse, Professor of Biology. B.S. 1952, cine and Polish Academy of Sciences (Poland) M.D. 1957, University of London Noorbibi K. Day, Associate Professor of Biology. B.A. Esther M. Breslow, Associate Professor of Biochem­ 1956, M.A. 1960, Trinity College (Ireland); Ph.D. istry. B.S. 1953, Cornell University; M.S. 1955, 1967, McGill University (Canada) Ph.D. 1959, New York University Stacey B. Day, Professor of Biology. M.D. 1955, William A. Briscoe, Professor of Medicine. B.A. 1939, Royal College of Surgeons (Ireland); Ph.D. 1964, M.A. 1941, B.M., B.Ch. 1942, D.M. 1951, Oxford McGill University (Canada); D.Sc. 1971, University University (England) of Cincinnati Dana C. Brooks, Professor of Anatomy. B.E.E. 1949, Eleanor E. Deschner, Associate Professor of Biology. M.D. 1957, Cornell University B.A. 1949, Notre Dame of Staten Island; M.S. George B. Brown, Professor of Biochemistry. B.S. 1951, Ph.D. 1954, Fordham University 1934, Illinois Wesleyan University; Ph.D. 1938, Etienne P. de Harven, Professor of Biology. M.D. University of Illinois 1953, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (Belgium) Peter Bullough, Associate Professor of Pathology. M.D. Maria A. B. de Sousa, Associate Professor of Biology. 1956, Liverpool University (England) M.D. 1963, Lisbon Medical Faculty (Portugal); Richard M. Burger, Assistant Professor of Biochem­ Ph.D. 1971, University of Glasgow; M.R.C. 1973, istry. B.A. 1962, Adelphi College; Ph.D. 1969, Royal College of Pathologists (England) Princeton University Robert W. Dickerman, Associate Professor of Micro­ Alfred T. H. Burness, Associate Professor of Biology. biology, B.S. 1951, Cornell University; M.A. 1953, B.Sc. 1955, Ph.D. 1959, Liverpool University University of Arizona; Ph.D. 1961, University of (England) Minnesota John J. Burns, Adjunct Professor of Pharmacology. Bozidar Djordjevic, Assistant Professor of Biophysics. B.S. 1942, Queens College; M.A. 1948, Ph.D. M.S. 1952, University of Belgrade (Yugoslavia); 1950, Columbia Ph.D. 1960, Rutgers University Liebe F. Cavalieri, Professor of Biochemistry. B.S. Gerald B. Dooher, Assistant Professor of Biology. B.A. 1943, Ph.D. 1945, University of Pennsylvania 1965, Rutgers University; M.A. 1967, Ph.D. 1971, R. S. K. Chaganti, Visiting Assistant Professor of Columbia University Genetics. B.S. 1954, M.S. 1955, Andhra Univer­ John W. Dougherty, Clinical Associate Professor of sity (India); Ph.D. 1964, Harvard University Medicine. B.S. 1941, M.D. 1943, University of Walter W. Y. Chan, Professor of Pharmacology. B.A. Minnesota 1956, University of Wisconsin; Ph.D. 1961, Dennis E. Drayer, Assistant Professor of Pharma­ Columbia University cology. B.S. 1966, Brooklyn College; Ph.D. 1971, Paul L. Chello, Assistant Professor of Biology. B.A. University of Delaware 1964, Johns Hopkins University; Ph.D. 1970, Thomas E. Duffy, Associate Professor of Biochemistry University of Vermont in Neurology; Assistant Professor of Biochemistry Yong S. Choi, Professor of Biology. M.D. 1961, Seoul (Neurology). B.S. 1962, Loyola University; Ph.D. National University (Korea); M.S.. Ph.D. 1965, 1967, University of Maryland University of Minnesota Bo Dupont, Associate Professor of Biology. M.D. Ting-Chao Chou, Assistant Professor of Pharmacology. 1966, University of Arhus (Denmark) B.S. 1961, Kaohsiung Medical College (Taiwan); Magdalena G. Eisinger, Assistant Professor of Biology. M.S. 1965, National Taiwan University; Ph.D. D.V.M. 1962, Agricultural University Kosice 1970, Yale University (Czechoslovakia) Margaret H. S. Clements, Assistant Professor of John T. Ellis, Professor of Pathology. B.A. 1942, Pathology. B.A. 1951, M.B., C.Ch., B.A.O. 1956, University of Texas; M.D. 1945, Northwestern Dublin University (Ireland) University Ronald G. Coffey, Assistant Professor of Biology. B.S. Donald P. Evenson, Assistant Professor of Biology. 1958, Colorado State University; Ph.D. 1963, B.A. 1964, Augustana College; Ph.D. 1968, Oregon State University University of Colorado James S. Cornell, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. Ronald B. Faanes, Assistant Professor of Biology. B.A. Register 33

1964, M.S. 1968, Ph.D. 1970, University of Robert A. Good, Professor of Pathology, B.A. 1944, Minnesota M B. 1946, M.D. 1947, Ph.D. 1947, University Gordon F. Fairclough, Assistant Professor of Bio­ of Minnesota chemistry. B.A. 1960, Ph.D. 1966, Yale University Bernice Grafstein, Professor of Physiology. B.A. 1951, Colin Fell, Associate Professor of Physiology. A.B. University of Toronto; Ph.D. 1954, McGill Univer­ 1951, Antioch; M.S. 1953, Ph.D. 1957, Wayne sity (Canada) State University Saul Green, Associate Professor of Biochemistry. B.S. John D. Fissekis, Associate Professor of Biochemistry. 1948, City College of New York; Ph.D. 1952, B.S. 1954, University of Athens; Ph.D. 1960, State University of Iowa University of Texas Roger L. Greif, Professor of Physiology and Biophysics. Betty J. Flehinger, Adjunct Professor of Biomathe­ B.S. 1937, Haverford College; M.D. 1941, Johns matics. A.B. 1941, Barnard College; M.A. 1942, Hopkins University Cornell University; Ph.D. 1960, Columbia Univer­ Sudhir Gupta, Assistant Professor of Biology. B.S. sity 1961, Agra University (India); M B., B.S., Doc­ Martin Fleisher, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. torate in Internal Medicine, King George's Medical B.A. 1958, Flarpur College; Ph.D. 1966, New College. Lucknow University (India) York University John W. Hadden, Associate Professor of Biology. B.A. Erwin Fleissner, Assistant Professor of Microbiology. 1961, Yale University; M.D. 1965, Columbia B.A. 1957, Yale University; Ph.D. 1963, Colum­ University bia University Wilbur D. Hagamen, Professor of Anatomy. B.S. 1945, JurgenE. Fogh, Associate Professor of Microbiology. Baldwin-Wallace College; M.D. 1951, Cornell M.D. 1949, University of Copenhagen (Denmark) University Jack J. Fox, Professor of Biochemistry. A.B. 1939, Martin D. Hamburg, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Ph.D. 1950, University of Colorado Anatomy. B.A. 1965, New York University; Ph.D. Jerrold Fried, Assistant Professor of Biophysics. B.S. 1969, University of Michigan 1958, California Institute of Technology; Ph.D. Ulrich G. Hammerling, Assistant Professor of Bio­ 1964, Stanford University chemistry. B.A. 1959, Freie Universitat Berlin; Anna-Rita Fuchs, Associate Professor of Reproductive M.A. 1961, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat; Ph.D. Biology in Obstetrics and Gynecology. M.Sc. 1955, 1965, Max-Planck-lnstitut f. Immuno-biologie University of Helsinki (Finland) (Germany) Daniel Gardner, Assistant Professor of Physiology. Mary G. Hamilton, Associate Professor of Biochemis­ A.B. 1966, Columbia College; Ph.D. 1971, New try. B.A. 1947, University of Buffalo; Ph.D. 1961, York University Cornell University Jerald D. Gass, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. John A. Hansen, Assistant Professor of Biology. B.A. B.S. 1957, University of Oklahoma; A.M. 1962, 1965, University of Minnesota; M.D. 1970, Stan­ Harvard University; Ph.D. 1969, Cornell University ford University Alan S. Gelbard, Assistant Professor of Biophysics. William D. Hardy, Jr., Assistant Professor of Biology. B.S. 1955, Brooklyn College; M.S. 1956, Univer­ A.A. 1960, B.S. 1962, George Washington Univer­ sity of Massachusetts; Ph.D. 1959, University of sity; V.M.D. 1966, University of Pennsylvania Wisconsin Zsolt P. Harsanyi, Assistant Professor of Microbiology. James L. German III, Clinical Professor of Anatomy. B.A. 1965, Amherst College; Ph.D. 1970, Albert B.S, 1945, Louisiana Polytechnic Institute; M.D. Einstein College of Medicine 1949, Southwestern University Rudy H. Haschemeyer, Professor of Biochemistry. Michael D. Gershon, Visiting Professor of Anatomy. B.A. 1952, Carthage College; Ph.D. 1957, Univer­ B.A. 1958, M.D. 1963, Cornell University sity of Illinois James G. Gibbs, Jr., Assistant Professor of Psychiatry. Yashar Hirshaut, Assistant Professor of Biology. B.A. B.S. 1960, Trinity College; M.D. 1964, Medical 1959, Yeshiva University; M.D. 1963, Albert College of South Carolina Einstein College of Medicine Helena Gilder, Associate Professor of Biochemistry in Michael Hoffman, Assistant Professor of Biology. M.D. Surgery; Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. A.B. 1966, Universitat Tubingen (Germany) 1935, Vassar College; M.D. 1940, Cornell Univer­ Raymond W. Houde, Associate Professor of Phar­ sity macology. A.B. 1940, M.D. 1943, New York Uni­ Alfredo Giner-Sorolla, Associate Professor of Bio­ versity chemistry. M.S. 1944, University Valencia (Spain); Bernard L. Horecker, Adjunct Professor of Biochem­ Ph.D. 1958, Cornell University istry. B.S. 1936, Ph.D. 1939, University of Chicago Fakhry Girgis, Associate Professor of Anatomy. M B., Dorris J. Hutchison, Professor of Microbiology. B.S. B.Ch. 1949, Cairo University (Egypt); Ph.D. 1957, 1940, Western Kentucky State College; M.S. 1943, Queen's University (Northern Ireland) University of Kentucky; Ph.D. 1949, Rutgers Jack Goldstein, Associate Professor of Biochemistry. University B.A. 1952, Brooklyn College; M.N.S. 1957, Ph.D. Genevieve Incefy, Assistant Professor of Biology. B.Sc. 1959, Cornell University 1959, M.Sc. 1960, Ph.D. 1964, Ohio State Uni­ Sanford Goldstone, Professor of Psychology in Psy­ versity chiatry. B.S. 1947, City College of New York; William Insull, Jr., Associate Professor of Pathology. Ph.D. 1953, Duke University B.S. 1945, University of Michigan; M.D. 1949, Johns Peter J. Gomatos, Professor of Microbiology. S B. Hopkins University 1950, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; M.D. Charles E. Inturrisi, Associate Professor of Pharma­ 1954, Johns Hopkins University; Ph.D. 1963, cology. B.S. 1962, University of Connecticut; M.S. Rockefeller University 1965, Ph.D. 1967, Tulane University 34 Register

Norman B. Javitt, Professor of Medicine. A.B. 1947, Carlos Lopez, Assistant Professor of Biology. B.A. Syracuse University; Ph.D. 1951, University of 1965, M.S. 1966, Ph.D. 1970, University of North Carolina; M.D. 1954, Duke University Minnesota Tong Hyub Joh, Associate Professor of Neurobiology Thomas M. Maack, Professor of Physiology. M.D. in Neurology. B.S. 1953, Seoul National University 1962, University of Sao Paulo (Brazil) (Korea); M.S., University of Missouri; Ph.D. 1971, Hans W. J. Marquardt, Associate Professor of Phar­ New York University macology. M.D. 1964, University of Cologne Attallah Kappas, Professor of Pharmacology. A.B. (Germany) 1947, Columbia University; M.D. 1950, University Bipinchandra M. Mehta, Assistant Professor of Micro­ of Chicago biology. B.Sc. 1955, B.Sc. 1957, Ph.D. 1963, Aaron Kellner, Clinical Professor of Pathology. B.A. Bombay University (India) 1934, Yeshiva College; M.S. 1936, Columbia Uni­ Alton Meister, Israel Rogosin Professor of Biochemis­ versity; M.D, 1939, University of Chicago try. S.B. 1942, Harvard University; M.D. 1945, Alan J. Kenyon, Professor of Biology. A.B. 1954, Cornell University D.V.M. 1957, Ph.D. 1961, University of Minnesota Thomas H. Meikle, Jr., Associate Professor of Anatomy. Yoon B. Kim, Professor of Biology. M.D. 1958, School A.B. 1951, M.D. 1954, Cornell University of Medicine, Seoul National University (Korea); Myron R. Melamed, Associate Professor of Biology. Ph.D. 1965, University of Minnesota B.S. 1947, Western Reserve University; M.D. Jae Ho Kim, Associate Professor of Biophysics. M.D. 1950, University of Cincinnati 1959, Kyungpook National School of Medicine Peter W. Melera, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. (Korea); Ph.D. 1963, State University of Iowa A.A.S. 1963, State University of New York at Samuel Koide, Visiting Associate Professor of Phar­ Cobleskill; B.S.A. 1965, Ph.D. 1969, University macology. B.S. 1945, University of Hawaii; M.D. of Georgia 1953, M.S. 1954, Ph.D. 1960, Northwestern Robert C. Mellors, Professor of Pathology. A.B. 1937, University M.A. 1938, Ph.D. 1940, Western Reserve Uni­ Paul W. Kincade, Assistant Professor of Biology. B.S. versity; M.D. 1944, Johns Hopkins University 1966, M.S. 1968, Mississippi State University; Valerie Mike, Associate Professor of Biostatistics in Ph.D. 1971, University of Alabama Public Health. B.A. 1956, Manhattanville College; Gloria C. Koo, Assistant Professor of Biology. B.A. M.S. 1959, Ph.D. 1967, New York University 1965, Goshen College; Ph.D. 1970, Temple C. Richard Minick, Professor of Pathology. B.S. University 1957, University of Wyoming; M.D. 1960, Cornell Levy Kopelovich, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. University B.S. 1958, Hebrew University (Israel); Ph.D. 1962, Mukund J. Modak, Assistant Professor of Biochemis­ University of California try. B.Sc. 1963, University of Poona (India); M.Sc. Leonhard Korngold, Associate Professor of Micro­ 1965, University of Bombay; Ph.D. 1969, Haffkine biology in Surgery (Orthopedics). B.A. 1947, Institute, University of Bombay (India) Brooklyn College; M.Sc. 1948, Ph.D. 1950, Ohio Malcolm A. S. Moore, Professor of Biology. M.B. State University 1963, B.A. 1964, D.Phil. 1967, M.A. 1970, Willi Kreis, Associate Professor of Biochemistry. M.D. Oxford University (England) 1954, University of Zurich; Ph.D. 1957, University George E. Murphy, Professor of Pathology. A.B. 1939, of Basel (Switzerland) University of Kansas; M.D. 1943, University of Robert M. Krug, Associate Professor of Microbiology. Pennsylvania B.A. 1961, Harvard Universily; Ph.D. 1966, Martin J. Murphy, Jr., Assistant Professor of Biology. Rockefeller University B.S. 1964, Regis College; M.S. 1967, Ph.D. 1969, Henn Kutt, Associate Professor of Pharmacology. New York University M.D. 1950, University of Frankfurt (Germany) Catherine Mytilineou, Visiting Assistant Professor of John S. Laughlin, Professor of Biophysics. A.B. 1940, Neurology. B.S. 1958, University of Athens Willamette University; Ph.D. 1947, University of (Greece); M.S. 1961, American University of Beirut Illinois (Lebanon); Ph.D. 1969, Medical College of Virginia Charles Liebow, Assistant Professor of Physiology. Ralph L. Nachman, Professor of Medicine, A.B. 1953, A.B. 1966, New York University; D.M.D. 1970, M.D. 1956, Vanderbilt University Harvard University; Ph.D. 1973, University of Marc A. Nathan, Assistant Professor of Neurobiology California in Neurology. B.S. 1960, Washington State Uni­ Roberto Levi, Professor of Pharmacology. M.D. 1960, versity; M.S. 1962, Ph.D. 1967, University of University of Florence (Italy) Washington John E. Lewy, Associate Professor of Pediatrics. B.A. A. Robert Neurath, Visiting Assistant Professor of 1956, University of Michigan; M.D. 1960, Tulane Microbiology. Dipl.lng. 1957, Slovak Institute of University Technology in Bratislava (Czechoslovakia); Ph.D. Martin Lipkin, Associate Professor of Medicine. A.B. The Institute of Technology, Vienna (Austria) 1946, M.D. 1950, New York University Jerome S. Nisselbaum, Associate Professor of Bio­ Gary W. Litman, Associate Professor of Biology. B.A. chemistry. B.A. 1949, University of Connecticut; 1967, Ph.D. 1972, University of Minnesota Ph.D. 1953, Tufts College Stephen D. Litwin, Associate Professor of Medicine. Robert A. Norum, Assistant Professor of Medicine. B.A. 1955 Brooklyn College; M.D. 1959, New York B.A. 1964, North Dakota State University; M.D. University 1968, Johns Hopkins University Kenneth O. Lloyd, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. Lloyd J. Old, Professor of Biology. B.A. 1955, M.D. Ph.D. 1960, University College of North Wales 1958, University of California (England) William M. O'Leary, Professor of Microbiology. B.S. Register 35

1952, M.S. 1953, Ph.D. 1957, University of Richard B. Roberts, Professor of Medicine. B.A. 1955, Pittsburgh Dartmouth College; M.D. 1959, Temple University Herbert F. Oettgen, Associate Professor of Biology. School of Medicine M.D. 1951, University of Cologne (Germany) Toby C. Rodman, Associate Professor of Anatomy. Michiko Okamoto, Professor of Pharmacology. B.S. B.S. 1937, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and 1954, Tokyo College of Pharmacy; M.S. 1957, Science; M.S. 1961, Ph.D. 1963, New York Uni­ Purdue University; Ph.D. 1964, Cornell University versity Richard J. O'Reilly, Assistant Professor of Biology. Barbara H. Rosenberg, Associate Professor of Bio­ A.B. 1964, College of the Holy Cross; M.D. 1968, chemistry. B.S. 1950, Ph.D. 1962, Cornell Uni­ University of Rochester versity Brian A. Otter, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. W. Bruce Rowe, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. B.Sc. 1962, Ph.D. 1965, University of Bristol B.S. 1957, Colorado State University; M.S. 1959, (England) Ph.D. 1966, University of Rochester James C. Parham, Associate Professor of Biochemistry. Albert L. Rubin, Professor of Biochemistry in Surgery. B.S. 1959, Bates College; Ph.D. 1963, Duke Uni­ M.D. 1950, Cornell University versity Pablo Rubinstein, Visiting Associate Professor of Robert H. F. Peterson, Assistant Professor of Micro­ Genetics. Ph.D. 1964, Universidad de Chile biology. B.S. 1959, Elizabethtown College; Ph.D. Sol I. Rubinow, Professor of Biomathematics. B.S. 1970, University of Kansas 1944, City College of New York; M.S. 1947, Carol K. Petito, Assistant Professor of Pathology. B.S. Brown University; Ph.D. 1951, University of 1963, Jackson College; M.D. 1967, Columbia Pennsylvania University Josephine Salser, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. Frederick S. Philips, Professor of Pharmacology. B.A. B.S. 1950, University of the Philippines; Ph.D. 1936, Columbia University; Ph.D. 1940, Univer­ 1955, Radcliffe College sity of Rochester F. Kingsley Sanders, Professor of Cell Biology. B.A. Virginia Pickel, Assistant Professor of Neurology. B.S. 1939, Ph.D. 1942, Oxford University (England) 1965; M.S. 1967, University of Tennessee; Ph.D. Charles A. Santos-Buch, Professor of Pathology. A.B. 1970, Vanderbilt University 1953, Harvard University; M.D. 1957, Cornell Fred Plum, Anne Parrish Titzell Professor of Neurol­ University ogy. B.A. 1944, Dartmouth College; M.D. 1947, Nurul H. Sarkar, Associate Professor of Biology. B.S. Cornell University 1957, M.S. 1960, Ph.D. 1966, University of Aaron S. Posner, Professor of Biochemistry. B.S. Calcutta (India) 1941, Rutgers University; M.S. 1949, Polytechnic Brij B. Saxena, Professor of Endocrinology in Obstet­ Institute of Brooklyn; Ph.D. 1954, University of rics and Gynecology. Ph.D. 1954, University of Liege (Belgium) Lucknow (India); Dr. rer.nat. 1957, University of Wolf Prensky, Assistant Professor of Biology. B.S. Muenster; Ph.D. 1961, University of Wisconsin 1953, Cornell University; M.S. 1957, Ph.D. 1961, Margrit Scheid, Assistant Professor of Biology. M.D. University of Illinois 1970, Physiologisches Institut der Freien Univer­ Alfred M. Prince, Clinical Associate Professor of sitat Berlin (Germany) Pathology. A.B. 1949, Yale University; M.A. 1951, William F. Scherer, Professor of Microbiology. M.D. Columbia University; M.D. 1955, Western Reserve 1947, University of Rochester University Allen S. Schneider, Assistant Professor of Biochem­ Julian R. Rachele, Professor of Biochemistry, B.A. istry. Ph.D. 1968, University of California 1934, M.S. 1935, Ph.D. 1939, New York Univer­ William N. Schoenfeld, Adjunct Professor of Psychol­ sity ogy in Psychiatry. B.S. 1937, City College of New Peter Ralph, Assistant Professor of Biology. B.A. York; A.M. 1939, Ph.D. 1942, Columbia Univer­ 1958, Yale University; M.A. 1960, University of sity California, Berkeley; Ph.D. 1968, Massachusetts Edward T. Schubert, Assistant Professor of Bio­ Institute of Technology chemistry in Pediatrics. B.S. 1949, M.S. 1952, Marcus M. Reidenberg, Professor of Pharmacology. Ph.D. 1959, Fordham University B.S. 1954, Cornell University; M.D. 1958, Temple Morton K. Schwartz, Professor of Biochemistry. B.A. University 1948, Lehigh University; Ph.D. 1952, Boston Donald J. Reis, Professor of Neurology. A.B. 1953, University M.D. 1956, Cornell University Jeri A. Sechzer, Associate Professor of Psychology in Arleen B. Rifkind, Assistant Professor of Pharma­ Psychiatry. B.S. 1956, New York University; M.A. cology; Assistant Professor of Medicine. B.A. 1960, 1961, Ph.D. 1962, University of Pennsylvania Bryn Mawr College; M.D. 1964, New York Univer­ Laurence B. Senterfit, Associate Professor of Micro­ sity biology. B.S. 1949, M.S. 1950, University of Robert R. Riggio, Associate Professor of Biochemistry. Florida; Sc.D. 1955, Johns Hopkins University B.A. 1954, Dartmouth College; M.D. 1958, New John F. Seybolt, Clinical Associate Professor of Pa­ York University thology. B.S. 1938, Yale University; M.D. 1943, Walter F. Riker, Jr., Professor of Pharmacology. B.S. Cornell University 1939, Columbia University; M.D. 1943, Cornell Arthur K. Shapiro, Clinical Professor of Pharmacology University in Psychiatry. B.S.S. 1951, City College of New . Joseph Roberts, Associate Professor of Biochemistry. York; M.D. 1955, University of Chicago B.Sc. 1959, University of Toronto; M.S. 1962, Merry M. Sherman, Associate Professor of Biochem­ University of Wisconsin; Ph.D. 1964, McGill istry. B.A. 1961, Wellesley College; M.A. 1963, University (Canada) Ph.D. 1966, University of California (Berkeley) 36 Register

Frederick P. Siegal, Assistant Professor of Biology. biology. B.A. 1952, University of Kansas City; A.B. 1961, Cornell University; M.D. 1965, Ph.D. 1956, University of Chicago Columbia University Roy C. Swan, Joseph C. Hinsey Professor of Anatomy. Selma Silagi, Professor of Genetics in Obstetrics and A.B. 1941, M.D. 1947, Cornell University Gynecology. A.B. 1936, Flunter College; Ph.D. 1961, Norbert I. Swislocki, Associate Professor of Bio­ Columbia University chemistry. B.A. 1956, Ph.D. 1964, University of Marcello Siniscalco, Professor of Biology. M.D. 1948, California University of Naples (Italy) Suresh S. Tate, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. Julio L. Sirlin, Professor of Anatomy. D.Sc. 1953, B.Sc. 1958, M.Sc. 1960, University of Baroda; University of Buenos Aires (Argentina) Ph.D. 1963, University College (London) Francis M. Sirotnak, Professor of Microbiology. B.S. Ann G. Taylor, Associate Professor of Physiology. B.A. 1950, University of Scranton; Ph.D. 1954, Uni­ 1949, Somerville College (England); M.A. 1956, versity of Maryland B.M. 1956, B.Ch. 1956, Oxford University Gregory W. Siskind, Professor of Medicine. B.A. 1955, (England) Cornell University; M.D. 1959, New York Uni­ Morris M. Teller, Assistant Professor of Biology. B.S. versity 1940, Brooklyn College; Ph.D. 1948, University Vladimir P. Skipski, Associate Professor of Bio­ of Minnesota chemistry. M.S. 1938, Kiev University; Aspirantura Lewis Thomas, Professor of Biology. B.S. 1933, 1941, Institute of Experimental Biology and Princeton University; M.D. 1937, Harvard Uni­ Pathology (Kiev); Ph.D. 1956, University of versity; M.A. 1969, Yale University Southern California Roy S. Tilbury, Associate Professor of Biophysics. B.S. Gerard P. Smith, Professor of Psychiatry (Behavioral 1955, London University (England); Ph.D. 1963, Science). B.S. 1956, St. Joseph's College; M.D. McGill University (Canada) 1960, University of Pennsylvania Paul P. Trotta, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. Elizabeth M. Smithwich, Associate Professor of Bi­ A.B. 1964, Columbia University; Ph.D. 1968, ology. B.S. 1948, M.D. 1955, University of Downstate Medical Center Wisconsin Alan Van Poznak, Professor of Pharmacology; Pro­ Richard L. Soffer, Professor of Biochemistry and fessor of Anesthesiology. A.B. 1948, M.D. 1952, Medicine. B.A. 1954, Amherst College; M.D. 1958, Cornell University Plarvard Medical School Stephen S. Wachtel, Assistant Professor of Biology. David Soifer, Visiting Assistant Professor of Anatomy. A.B 1959, Kenyon College; Ph.D. 1971, Univer­ B.S. 1961, Columbia University; Ph.D. 1969, sity of Pennsylvania Cornell University Ying Y. Wang, Assistant Professor of Biology. A.B. Martin Sonenberg, Professor of Biochemistry. B.S. 1957, Barnard College; Ph.D. 1962, University of 1941, University of Pennsylvania; M.D. 1944, Chicago Ph.D. 1952, New York University Kyoichi A. Watanabe, Associate Professor of Bio­ Martha Spiegelman, Assistant Professor of Biology. chemistry. Ph.D. 1963, Hokkaido University B.A. 1958, Albertus Magnus College; M.A. 1965, (Japan) Ph.D. 1970, Columbia University Carolyn W. Watson, Clinical Assistant Professor of Edward Stavnezer, Assistant Professor of Biology. Pathology. B.A. 1945, Hollins College; M.D. 1949, B.A. 1965, M.S. 1967, University of Connecticut; University of Maryland Ph.D. 1971, Johns Hopkins University John Weber, Associate Professor of Anatomy. B.A. Janet Stavnezer, Assistant Professor of Biology. B.A. 1961, D.D.S. 1965, Columbia University 1966, Swarthmore College; Ph.D. 1971, Johns Daniel Wellner, Associate Professor of Biochemistry. Hopkins University A.B. 1956, Harvard University; Ph.D. 1961, Tufts Kurt H. Stenzel, Professor of Biochemistry in Surgery. University B.A. 1954, New York University; M.D. 1958, Marc E. Weksler, Associate Professor of Medicine. Cornell University B.A. 1958, Swarthmore College; M.D. 1962, Stephen S. Sternberg, Associate Professor of Pa­ Columbia University thology. B.A. 1941, Colby College; M.D. 1944, Michael E. Wiebe, Assistant Professor of Microbiology. New York University B.A. 1965, Sterling College; Ph.D. 1971, Univer­ Christopher W. Stackpole, Assistant Professor of sity of Kansas Biology. B.A. 1965, Williams College; Ph.D. 1969, Robert J. Winchester, Visiting Associate Professor of Tulane University Genetics. B.S. 1958, Manhattan College; M.D. C. Chester Stock, Professor of Biochemistry. B.S. 1963, Cornell University 1932, Rose Polytechnic Institute; Ph.D. 1937, Erich H. Windhager, Professor of Physiology. M.D. Johns Hopkins University 1954, University of Vienna (Austria) Gerhard Stohrer, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. Jacqueline M. S. Winterkorn, Assistant Professor of Ph.D. 1965, Freie Universitat Berlin (Germany) Anatomy. A.B. 1967, Barnard College; Ph.D. Osias Stutman, Professor of Biology. B.A. 1950, 1974, Cornell University Colegio Nacional Sarmiento (Argentina); M.D. Steven S. Witkin, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. 1957, Buenos Aires University Medical School B.A. 1965, Hunter College; M.S. 1967, University (Argentina) of Connecticut; Ph.D. 1970, University of California Myron Susin, Clinical Associate Professor of Pathology. Jack F. Woodruff, Associate Professor of Pathology. B.A. 1956, Augustana College; M.D. 1960, Uni­ B.A. 1958, University of Massachusetts; M.D. versity of Illinois 1962, Temple University Dieter H. Sussdorf, Associate Professor of Micro­ Kenneth R. Woods, Associate Professor of Biochem- Register 37

istry. B.A. 1948, Arizona State University; Ph.D. Cornell University. Major: pharmacology. Taitung, 1955, University of Minnesota Taiwan Lily C. Yip, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. Ph.D. Susan Lundt, B.A. 1967, Mount Holyoke College; 1965, University of Cincinnati Ph.D. 1977, Cornell University. Major: biochem­ Morris S. Zedeck, Associate Professor of Pharmacol­ istry. New York, New York ogy. B.S. 1961, Brooklyn College of Pharmacy; Marian B. Meyers, A.B. 1959, Barnard College; Ph.D. Ph.D. 1965, University of Michigan 1977, Cornell University. Major: biochemistry. Louis Zeitz, Associate Professor of Biophysics. A.B. Harrison, New York 1948, University of California; Ph.D. 1962, Stan­ Fabio Pedrosa, B.Sc. 1969, Universidade Federal ford University Rural (Rio de Janeiro); M.Sc. 1970, Instituto de Bioquimica (Parana); Ph.D. 1977, Cornell Univer­ sity. Major: biochemistry. Curitiba, Brazil Degree Recipients 1976-1977 Lawrence M. Pfeffer, B.S. 1972, SUNY at Albany; Ph.D. 1977, Cornell University. Major: biochem­ Doctors of Philosophy istry. Bronx, New York Ronald D. Sekura, B.S. 1968, M.S. 1970, Pennsyl­ Theresa A. Calvelli, B.S. 1971, Marymount College; vania State University; Ph.D. 1977, Cornell Uni­ Ph.D. 1977, Cornell University. Major: biology. versity. Major: biochemistry. Manville, New Jersey Dobbs Ferry, New York Lien Shou, B.S. 1962, M.S. 1968, National Defense Micah Dembo, B.S. 1972, Allegheny College; Ph.D. Medical Center (Taipei); Ph.D. 1977, Cornell 1977, Cornell University. Major: biomathematics. University. Major: microbiology. Tzu-Gei, Chekiang Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Alan J. Strohmayer, B.S. 1969, SUNY at New Paltz; Mark D. Dibner, B.A. 1973, University of Pennsyl­ Ph.D. 1977, Cornell University. Major: neuro­ vania; Ph.D. 1977, Cornell University. Major: biology and behavior. White Plains, New York neurobiology and behavior. West Orange, New Hazel H. Szeto, B.S. 1972, Indiana University; Ph.D. Jersey 1977, Cornell University; M.D. 1977, Cornell Leonard Estis, B.S. 1971, University of Pittsburgh; University Medical College. Major: pharmacology. Ph.D. 1977, Cornell University. Major: biochem­ Hong Kong istry. King of Prussia, Pennsylvania Andrew Yen, B.A. 1969, Haverford College; M.S. J. Stephen Fink, B.A. 1972, Trinity College; Ph.D. 1970, University of Washington; Ph.D. 1977, 1977, Cornell University. Major: neurobiology and Cornell University. Major: biophysics. Seattle, behavior. North Plaven, Connecticut Washington Gad Gilad, B.Sc. 1971, Tel Aviv University; Ph.D. 1977, Cornell University. Major: neurobiology and Masters of Science behavior. Tivon, Israel Dennis J. Grab, A.B. 1969, Plunter College; Ph.D. Mary Solanto, A.B. 1973, Princeton University; M.S. 1977, Cornell University. Major: biology. Brook­ 1977, Cornell University. Major: neurobiology and lyn, New York behavior. Pelham Manor, New York Robert S. Greenfield, B.A. 1971, SUNY at Buffalo; Marcia Urie, B.A. 1969, Mt. Holyoke College; M.S. Ph.D. 1977, Cornell University. Major: biochemis­ 1976, Cornell University. Major: radiation physics. try. East Meadow, New York Williston, Vermont George R. Henderson, B.S. 1967, St. Lawrence Uni­ versity; M.A. 1970, SUNY at Binghamton; Ph.D. Students 1977-1978 1976, Cornell University. Major: physiology. Johnson City, New York Candidates for the Degree of Thomas P. Hopp, B.S. 1972, University of Washing­ Doctor of Philosophy ton; Ph.D. 1977, Cornell University. Major: bio­ chemistry, Seattle, Washington Mary E. Aberlin, B.A. 1967, Trinity College; M.A. Lois B. Jerabek, B.A. 1964, Clark University; M.S. 1970, University of California. Major: biology. 1967, Syracuse University; Ph.D. 1977, Cornell San Jose, Costa Rica University. Major: biology. Mt, Kisco, New York Geoffrey Allan, B.Sc. 1974, School of Pharmacy, Valerie Johnson, B.S. 1971, University of California; Sunderland Polytechnic. Major: pharmacology. Ph.D. 1976, Cornell University. Major: physiology. Newcastle, England Yuba City, California Margaret J. Arny, B.A. 1971, Earlham College. Walt A. Kagan, B.A. 1971, Harvard University; Ph.D. Major: biology. Madison, Wisconsin 1976, Cornell University. Major: biology. New Madelyn M. Baran, B.A. 1972, Emmanuel College. York, New York Major: genetics. Lawrence, Massachusetts Richard J. Kascsak, B.S. 1969, St. Francis College; Steven L. Bernstein, B.Sc. 1975, Philadelphia Ph.D. 1976, Cornell University. Major: micro­ College of Pharmacy and Science. Major: neuro­ biology. Franklin Square, New York biology and behavior. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Jeffery Kurland, B.S. 1972, SUNY at Buffalo; Ph.D. Terri A. Binder, B.S, 1976, Cornell University. 1977, Cornell University. Major: biology, West- Major: microbiology. Framingham, Massachusetts bury, New York Jeffrey Allen Bluestone, B.S. 1974, M.S. 1976, Paul A. LeBlanc, B.S. 1972, Boston College; Ph.D. Rutgers University. Major: biology. Old Bridge, 1977, Cornell University. Major: microbiology. New Jersey Worcester, Massachusetts ■Jane W. Caldwell, B.S. 1969, Salem College. Chi-Ho Lee, B.S. 1967, Kaohsiung Medical College; Major: genetics. New York, New York M.S. 1972, University of Tokyo; Ph.D. 1976, ■ Student on leave of absence 38 Register

Udom Chantharaksri, B.S. 1970, M.S. 1972, Mahidol San Diego. Major: neurobiology and behavior. University (Thailand). Major: pharmacology, Del Mar, California Bangkok, Thailand Nam Doll Huh, B.S. 1974, Yonsei University, Seoul, 'David Chess, B.S. 1973, Brooklyn College. Major: Korea. Major: biology. Seoul, Korea biochemistry. Brooklyn, New York Dorina M. lacino, B.A. 1973, Queens College. Major: Michael Chopan, B.A. 1971, University of Pennsyl­ physiology. Forest Hills, New York vania. Major: biology. State College, Pennsylvania Lorraine M, lacovitti, B.S. 1973, Monmouth College, Myung Hee Chun, B.A. 1968, Seoul National; M.S. Major: biological structure and cell biology. North- 1970, Rutgers University. Major: genetics. Seoul, Narberth, Pennsylvania Korea Rae J. Jacobs, B.S. 1975, Rutgers University; RN Robin E. Cohen, B.S. 1976, State University of 1960, Bellevue School of Nursing. Major: biology. New York at Stony Brook. Major: biology. Bronx, New York, New York New York Carolyn Jahn, B.A. 1973, Northwestern University. Shirley Cortez, B.S. 1973, College of the Holy Spirit, Major: genetics. Riverside, Illinois Manila, Philippines. Major: biophysics. Manila, James C. Jenson, B.A. 1969, Macalester College. Philippines Major: biology. Mamaroneck, New York Maureen A. Costello, B.S. 1972, Fordham University. Gene M. Jonakait, A.B. 1968, Wellesley College; M.A. Major: biological structure and cell biology. North- 1969, University of Chicago. Major: biological port. New York structure and cell biology. Brooklyn, New York Michael P. Davey, B.S. 1976, Manhattan College, George E. Karpinsky, B.Sc. 1968, McGill University. Riverdale, New York. Major: microbiology. Clark, Major: microbiology. New York, New York New Jersey Howard Kaufman, B.S. 1975, York College. Major: Vishnu Deonarine, B.S. 1976, Manhattan College. pharmacology. Bayside, New York Major: biological structure and cell biology. Trinidad, Mohamed Khan, B.S. 1967, M.S. 1970, Iowa State West Indies University. Major: biology. New York, New York Eugene A. DiPaola, B.S. 1974, Manhattan College, Althea B. Kintanar, B.S. 1976, University of the Riverdale, New York. Major: genetics. Boston, Philippines. Major: biology. Manila, Philippines Massachusetts Scott Koenig, B.A. 1973, Cornell University. Major: Doris Louise Edwards, A.B. 1974, Mount Holyoke biology. Forest Hills, New York College. Major: neurobiology and behavior. Corning, Jacki Kornbluth, B.S. 1976, Cornell University. New York Major: genetics. Brooklyn, New York Julie Eiseman, B.S. 1969, University of Michigan; Janice A. Kotch, B.A. 1976, University of New Hamp­ M.S. 1971, Michigan State University. Major: shire. Major: pathology. New Canaan, Connecticut pharmacology. New York, New York John A, Lewis, A.B. 1971, Harvard University. Major: Ronald Ellis, B.A. 1974, University of Chicago. biology. Providence, Rhode Island Major: biology. Boston, Massachusetts Marianna C. Loudis, B.S. 1975, Marymount Manhat­ Emilio A. Emini, B.S. 1975, Manhattan College, tan College. Major: microbiology. Jamaica, Bronx, New York. Major: microbiology. New York, New York New York John Strathern MacGregor, B.A. 1974, University of Arthur Englard, B.S. 1971, Brooklyn College. Major: California, San Diego. Major: biochemistry. San biology. Brooklyn, New York Diego, California Domenick J. Falcone, B.A. 1975, Queens College. Terry R. Magnuson, B.S. 1972, University of Red­ Major: biological structure and cell biology. Flush­ lands. Major: biology. Lakewood, Ohio ing, New York Laurence Manber, B.S. 1972, Stevens Institute of •Jane Ellen Fisher, B.S. 1974, University of Mary­ Technology. Major: biological structure and cell land. Major: genetics. Lanham, Maryland biology. New York, New York Daniela Sylvia Gerhard, B.A. 1976, Barnard College. Dwight W. Martin, B.S. 1970, Hofstra University. Major: biochemistry. Flushing, New York Major: biochemistry. Centereach, New York Jamshid B. Ghahremani, M.A. 1975, University of Donald S. Masters, A.B. 1973, The Johns Hopkins California, Los Angeles. Major: neurobiology and University. Major: biochemistry. Santa Barbara, behavior. Los Angeles, California California 'Shelley M. Gordon, B.S. 1970, University of Michi­ 'Irvine G. McQuarrie, B.S. 1961, University of Utah; gan. Major: genetics. Syracuse, New York M.D. 1965, Cornell University. Major: neurobiology Susan S. Gottesman, B.S. 1973, New York University. and behavior. New York, New York Major: biology. Bronx, New York Marvin Meadow, B.A. 1974, Herbert H. Lehman Elena M. Grau, B.S. 1976, Jacksonville University. College. Major: physiology. Monsey, New York Major: biochemistry. Jacksonville, Florida 'James A. Meserow, A.B. 1973, Princeton University. Carolyn W. Herz, A.B. 1973, Smith College. Major: Major: biochemistry. Chicago, Illinois genetics. New York, New York James S, Michaelson, B.A. 1970, Brandeis University. Kristin R. Hinds, B.S. 1972, University of Maryland. Major: biology. Waltham, Massachusetts Major: genetics. Wheaton, Maryland Charles R. Middaugh, B.S. 1973, University of Cali­ Marquis Z. Hodes, A.B. 1973, Indiana University, fornia. Major: biochemistry. San Jose, California Bloomington; M.S. 1976, Indiana University, Leslie Morioka, B.A. 1968, Barnard College. Major: Indianapolis. Major: biology. Indianapolis, Indiana genetics. Honolulu, Hawaii W. Harry Horner, B.A. 1973, Washington and Jeffer­ Mary R. Motyl, B.S. 1972, City College of New York. son College. Major: physiology. Allison Park, Major: microbiology. Long Island City, New York Pennsylvania Peter H. Hsu, B.A. 1976, University of California, ' Student on leave of absence Register 39

Elizabeth W. Newcomb, B.S. 1966, University of Major: biological structure and cell biology. Massachusetts, Amherst; M.S. 1971, Kansas State Thornwood, New York University. Major: microbiology. New York, New Bauer E. Sumpio, M.A. 1974, Johns Hopkins Uni­ York versity. Major: physiology. Man, West Virginia Mary A. O’Connell, B.S. 1975, College of St. Vincent. Christine E. Swenson, B.A. 1975, Middlebury College. Major: biology. Scarsdale, New York Major: microbiology. Wantagh, New York Mary D, Oldewurtel, B.S. 1974, Mary Washington Frank Traganos, B.S. 1969, City College of New College. Major: biochemistry. Baltimore, Maryland York; M.A. 1973, Hunter College. Major: biology. Carolyn L. Olson, B.A. 1976, Cornell University, Seaford, New York Major: biology. Syosset, New York Chi-Layi Tsay, M.D. 1976, National Taiwan Univer­ Donald J. Oral, B.A. 1974, Queens College. Major: sity. Major: biochemistry. Taipei, Taiwan microbiology. Flushing, New York Jason G. Umans, B.S. 1976, Rensselaer Polytechnic Christopher Paige, B.S. 1974, University of Notre Institute. Major: pharmacology. Cedarhurst, New Dame. Major: biology. Bethlehem, Pennsylvania York Bette A. Pancake, B.A. 1966, Ohio Wesleyan Univer­ Sonia Urmacher, Licentiate 1973, Central University sity; M.S. 1975, Cornell University. Major: of Venezuela. Major: microbiology. Caracas, microbiology. Mountain Lakes, New Jersey Venezuela Elizabeth A. Peterson, A.A. 1973, Nassau Community John E. Van Hamont, B.A. 1972, St. Anselm’s Col­ College; B.A. 1976, Queens College. Major: lege; M.S. 1976, Long Island University. Major: biology. Flushing, New York microbiology. Brooklyn, New York Flassan V. Prabhakar, B.S. 1972, The National Col­ Miryam Z. Wahrman, B.A. 1976, Hunter College. lege, Bangalore University; M.S. 1975, C. W. Post Major: biochemistry. New York, New York College. Major; biochemistry. Bangalore, India David Wallace, B.S. 1966, The City College of New Fred H. Pruslin, B.A. 1973, Yeshiva University. York. Major: microbiology. New York, New York Major: microbiology. Flushing, New York Chung-Lieh Wang, B.S. 1968, National Taiwan Uni­ Joan Rankin, B.S. 1960, Westminster College; M,A. versity; M.A. 1971, Washington University. Major: 1970, Flofstra University. Major: genetics. Little biochemistry. Taipei, Taiwan Neck, New York Mark Whitnall, A.B. 1973, Brown University. Major: Patricia Rao, B.A. 1974, University of Rochester. neurobiology and behavior. Ridgewood, New Jersey Major: microbiology. Albany, New York "Kuo Chung Wu, B.S. 1966, Chung Hsing Univer­ Jon M. Richards, B.S. 1975, University of Illinois. sity; M.S. 1971, St. Joseph’s College. Major: Major: biochemistry. Des Plaines, Illinois biochemistry. Taipei, Taiwan Susan Ritterstein, B.A. 1972, University of Maryland. James Zazra, B.S. 1972, Illinois Institute of Tech­ Major: biochemistry. Baltimore, Maryland nology. Major: biochemistry. Chicago, Illinois Florence Rollwagen, B.S. 1966, Maryville College; Lorraine E. Zolnowski, B.S. 1976, St. Peter’s College. M.S. 1968, Fairleigh Dickinson. Major: biology. Major: biochemistry. Clifton, New Jersey Ridgewood, New Jersey Margery J. Ross, B.A. 1973, University of California, Candidate for the Degree of Master of Science San Diego. Major: biology. Salinas, California Constance D. Rothermel, M.S. 1967, University of "Mary E. Masterson, B.A. 1970, College of New North Carolina. Major: microbiology. New York, Rochelle. Major: biophysics. Jackson Heights, New York New York "Alice Roy, B.S. 1973, University of Maine. Major: genetics. Biddeford, Maine Entering Students 1977 William O. Sandals, B.S. 1975, C. W. Post College. Major: biology. Coram, New York Laura M. Aaronson, B.A. 1973, Brandeis University; Nancy R. Schneider, B.A. 1963, Ohio Wesleyan M.S. 1977, Northeastern University. Major: phar­ University; M.A. 1964, University of Michigan. macology. Boston, Massachusetts Major: genetics. New York, New York Mary E. Anderson, B.A. 1977, Hollins College. Major: Steven Schonberg, B.S. 1973, Brooklyn College. biochemistry. San Antonio, Texas Major: genetics. Bronx, New York Richard James Bridges, A.S. 1975, Santa Rosa Jr. Joseph R. W. Schuh, B.S. 1973, Manhattan College. College; M.S. 1977, University of California at Davis. Major: biochemistry. Jackson Heights, New York Major: biochemistry. Santa Rosa, California Rise Schwab, B.S. 1971, SUNY at Stony Brook. Jeanne P. Brinkmann, B.S. 1973, Fordham Univer­ Major: biology. Jackson Heights, New York sity; M.S. 1976, Adelphi University, Major: Doris R. Seuffert, B.S. 1975, College of Mt. St. Vin­ genetics. Bronx, New York cent, Riverdale, New York. Major: microbiology. James A. Burke, B.A. 1975, Gettysburg College; M.S. Glendale, New York 1977, Adelphi University. Major: pharmacology. Mason M. Shen, B.S. 1968, National Taiwan Normal Garden City, New York University; M.S. 1971, South Dakota University, Ann M. Carroll, B.S. 1977, St. John's University. Major: biochemistry. Kensington, California Major: biology. Williston Park, New York David H. Sherr, B.S. 1973, Brandeis University. Tsing-Ping Chang, B.S. 1972, Fu-Jen Catholic Uni­ Major: microbiology. Worcester, Massachusetts versity; M.S. 1976, Fordham University. Major: Linda Specht, A.B. 1973, Mt. Holyoke College. biology. Taipei, Taiwan Major: neurobiology and behavior. New Hartford, Lucia Ming-Juang Chou, M.D. 1977, College of Medi- New York Elizabeth Sturm, B.A. 1975, Hofstra University. " Student on leave of absence 40 Register

cine, National Taiwan University. Major: pathology. Barbara T. Nash, B.S. 1972, City College of CUNY; Taipei, Taiwan M.S. 1974, Yale University. Major: biochemistry. Janet Wing Choy, A.B. 1977, Smith College. Major: Larchmont, New York biological structure and cell biology. Wayne, New Lulu Arline Pickering, B.A. 1975, University of Roch­ Jersey ester. Major: biochemistry. Newington, New Hamp­ Jayne S. Danska, B.A. 1977, Kenyon College. Major: shire genetics. Rosiyn Heights, New York Gene K. Potter, B.A. 1961, Yeshiva University; D.P.M. Joseph Anthony Fedrick, B.A. 1973, New York Uni­ 1966, New York College of Podiatric Medicine. versity. Major: microbiology. Bronx, New York Major: pathology. Croton-on-Hudson, New York Stephen James Garden, B.S. 1977, Boston College. Peter Bruce Rand, B.A. 1977, Boston University. Major: biochemistry. Stamford, Connecticut Major: pharmacology. Bronx, New York Ruth E. Herz, B.S. 1959, Brooklyn College. Major: Jed M. Rifkin, B.A. 1977, Middlebury College. Major: biochemistry. New York, New York biological structure and cell biology. Brooklyn, Shu-Hui Hsieh, B.S. 1975, National Taiwan Uni­ New York versity. Major: biochemistry. Tainan, Taiwan Richard J. Riley, B.S. 1972, Manhattan College; M.S. Renate Franziska Klein, B.A. 1977, New York Uni­ 1976, New York University. Major: radiological versity. Major: pathology. Munich, West Germany physics. Yonkers, New York Gerard Kugel, B.S. 1976, Rutgers University. Major: John R. Sadlik, B.S. 1973, St. John's University. neurobiology and behavior. Ridgefield Park, New Major: biology. New York, New York Jersey Edwin Ramon Sanchez, B.A. 1974, Wesleyan Uni­ Yen Li, B.Sc. 1970, National Taiwan Normal Univer­ versity. Major: genetics. Mayaguez, Puerto Rico sity: M.S. 1975, State University of New York. Erika F. Senna, B.S. 1977, Polytechnic Institute of New Major: biochemistry. Taipei, Taiwan York. Major: genetics. Holland Geoffrey S. F. Ling, B.A. 1977, Washington Univer­ Lisa Frances Staiano, B.S. 1976, Brooklyn College. sity. Major: pharmacology. Flemington, New Jersey Major: microbiology. Brooklyn, New York Stanley Lipkowitz, B.A. 1977, Cornell University. Major: Kathleen V. Weihs, B.S. 1977, St. John's University. biochemistry. Ferndale, New York Major: biology. Flushing, New York Elaine Louie, B.S. 1974, Brooklyn College. Major: Corey J. Weiner, B.A. 1977, Hamilton College. Major: genetics. New York, New York biology. Willingboro, New Jersey John P. McGrath, B.S. 1977, University of Scranton. Pasquale B. Zanzonico, B.S. 1977, The Cooper Union Major: biochemistry. Scranton, Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Science. Major: bio­ physics. Brooklyn, New York

Cornell University Medical College

1 Anatomy Building 2 William Hale Harkness Medical Research Building 3 Samuel J. Wood Library and Research Building 4 Biochemistry-Pharmacology Building 5 Olin Hall 6 Livingston Farrand Apartments 7 Lasdon House

The New York Hospital

8 The New York Hospital 9 Payne Whitney Psychiatry Clinic 10 Nurses' Residence 11 Payson House

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

12 Old Memorial Hospital Building 13 Memorial Hospital 14 Sloan House 15 Winston House Sloan-Kettering Institute 16 Kettering Laboratory 17 Howard Laboratory 18 Arnold and Marie Schwartz International Hall of Science

19 Rockefeller University Cornell University

Index

Admissions, 6 Health service and medical care, 9 Announcements, list of, inside back cover Major and minor fields, 6 Biochemistry: Medical College Division, 11; M.D.-Ph.D. program, 28 Sloan-Kettering Division, 22 Microbiology, 15 Biological Structure and Cell Biology, 12 Biology, 23 Neurobiology and Behavior, 17 Biomathematics, 13 Biophysics, 26 Pathology, 18 Pharmacology, 19 Courses: Interdivisional, 27; Medical College Ph.D.-M.D. program, 28 Division, 11; Sloan-Kettering Division, 22 Physiology, 20 Prizes, 9 Degree requirements, 6 Provisional candidates, 6

Examinations, 8 Registration, 7 Expenses, 9 Requirements: degree, 7; residence, 7

Facilities: Medical College Division, 5 Special Committee, 7 Sloan-Kettering Division, 5 Special programs, 28 Faculty, 31 Students, register of, 37 Financial assistance, 9 Study in absentia, 8 Foreign language requirements, 8 Theses, 9 General Committee of the School, 5 Transfer of residence credit, 8 Genetics, 14 Tuition and fees, 9 Grades, 7