Index
arditismo 34–36 consent and coercion 1, 23–27, 40–45, armed propaganda 101 66–68, 109–110, 113–117 counter-hegemonic 2, 87, 95, 105, 114–116, barricades 49, 54, 55, 56, 58, 62 118 base and superstructure counter-revolution 54, 61, 63, 70, 71, 63, 85, Gramsci’s analysis of 21–23 117 relevance of metaphor for understanding crises 33–34, 52, 116 war of position/war of maneuver 110–113 hegemonic 25–26, 27 base areas 93, 95, 100, 105 Cuban Revolution 98 Blanquism 51, 102, 108 Bolshevik 54, 57–58, 59–60, 67, 72, 74, 76, 89 Debray, Régis Bolshevik/October/Soviet Revolution 4, 11, on guerrilla warfare 100–104 35, 46, 57–59, 62, 66–67, 68, 70–71, 73, self-critique 106–107 81, 87, 91, 93, 108 deep battle 79, 85, 86, 87, 108–9 Gramsci on 10–11 democratic centralism 16, 17 bourgeois military line 93, 95–96 dictatorship of the proletariat 6, 42, 46, 58, 70, 71, 75, 82 capitalism 1–5, 8, 10, 12, 14, 46, 65, 66, 70, 109, 112, 113, 115, 116, 122 Engels, Frederick 1, 9, 23, 49–50, 56, 62, 65, Chinese Revolution 90, 93 66, 67, 89, 95, 111 civil war 3, 50, 54, 63, 66, 68, 71, 103 on insurrection 47–49 Chinese 90, 92 on war 3–4 Russian 74, 76, 77, 89 use of military metaphors 4–5 class 16, 17, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 36 Eurocommunism 116 bourgeoisie/capitalist 4–7, 10, 11, 15, 47, 49, 53, 56, 63, 64, 66, 77, 80, 82, 85, 92, factory councils 12–14, 16 97, 109, 119, 121–122 fascism 23, 35, 65, 66 peasantry 7, 25, 30, 51, 58, 66, 70, 72, First World War 4, 10, 29, 30, 35, 38–40, 70, 89–90, 91–92, 95, 98–99, 101, 102–103, 78, 83, 86, 112 108, 117 Italy in 29, 30, 35 proletariat/working class 4–6, 10–14, trench warfare 38–40 30–31, 41,42, 46, 47–48, 51, 57–60, Foco/foquismo 9, 89, 98–104, 105–107 62–64, 66, 71–73, 75, 85, 92, 102, 117, 121 Frunze, M.V. 77 Clausewitz 43, 44, 49–50, 91, 98, 101, 119 on unified military doctrine 74–75 definition of strategy and tactics 43–44, war as stimulus for revolution 84–85 87 world-historical nature of modern influence on Gramsci 29 war 80–81 Communist International/Comintern/Third cultural and economic foundation of International 4, 7, 68, 70, 90 deep battle 82 on insurrection 61–66 communist parties 92, 106 Gramsci, Antonio 1–4, 67–68, 70, 89–90 Communist Party of Italy/pci 13–14 and Western Marxism 8 Communist Party of the Soviet civil society 23, 25, 26–28, 32–33, 40–41, Union/cpsu 68, 96–97, 106 93, 106 Trotsky and leadership struggles 62, 65, critique of Trotsky 35 71–72, 78 dual perspective 26–28, 30, 44
Gramsci, Antonio (Cont.) imperialism 35, 78, 90, 92, 96, 97, 104, 109 factory councils 12–14 insurrection 46–69, 71, 87, 80, 92–93, 105, failure to address Gramsci’s military 107, 108, 117 metaphor 7–8 international revolutionary movement 58– hegemonic/historical bloc 22–23, 115 61, 80–81, 84–85, 96–97, 104–105, hegemony 8, 24–27, 33, 34, 37, 38, 40–41, 105–106 42, 44, 49, 109, 110, 115 Isserson, G. protected by armor of coercion 40–41 on deep battle 79, 82–83 hegemony and dictatorship 27, 23 on the First World War 78 influence of Machiavelli 2–3 survivor of Stalin’s purge of Red Army 85 on Soviet Revolution 10–11 Italian organic intellectuals 17–19 bourgeoisie 24, 29 passive revolution 26 national revolution 24 political society 23, 26–28, 40 Socialist Party 11, 117 frontal attack problematic 41–43 relations of force 24 Lenin, V.I. the modern prince 15–19, 88, 117, 118 contrast made between Lenin and contemporary form 120–121 Gramsci 42, 66–69, 116–118 the state 14, 23, 25–27, 29–30, 32–36, 38, influence of Clausewitz 43, 49–50 40–43 on insurrection 49–54 war of maneuver/movement and war of on the importance of international position 1, 8–9, 30, 32–47, 67–68, 82, revolution movement 58–61 86–88, 105, 107, 108, 110, 113–116, 118, role of guerrilla warfare 53–54, 89 119 strategic transition between assault fortress/trench metaphor 34, 37, and siege 53–54 40–42 on the creation of the Red Army 70–71, war of position and twenty-first 72 century socialism 119–122 on war in capitalism 4, 70 war of position as siege warfare 34, use of military metaphors 5–7 36 Leninism/Leninist 46, 66–67, 67–69, 107, Gramscian political strategy 46, 66–67, 116–118 87–88, 107, 110, 115–122 Lin Piao 95, 96–97, 106 guerrilla warfare 90–105, 106–107, 108, 109 and Marxism 89 Mao Tse-Tung/Mao Zedong 89–95 and the Military Opposition 73–74 influence of Clausewitz 91 Lenin’s analysis of 53–54 mobile versus positional war 93–94 located in countryside 90–92, 98–100, on people’s war 90–95 102 similarities with Gramsci 89–90 Guevara Che 9 Marx, Karl 1, 10–11, 12, 15, 20, 22, 48, 49, 71, influence of Clausewitz 98 89, 109, 110, 111 on continental/global on war 3–4 revolution 104–105 use of military metaphors 4–5 on people’s war 100 Marxism/Marxist 8, 9, 10–11, 14, 20–21, 27, on the foco 98–100, 106 45, 46, 49, 62, 65, 75, 89, 91, 92–93, 98, similarities with Gramsci 89–90 108–109, 110, 112, 113 military metaphors in Marxism 4–7, hegemonic class 24, 26 30–32 historical materialism 11, 22, 110, 112 Marxist-Leninist 92, 95