Fall 2001 Vol. 20, No. 2

NEWSLETTER OF THE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA (TERRESTRIAL )

Table of Contents

General Information and Editorial Notes ...... (insidefrontcover) News and Notes Brief on label data standards published ...... 39 Field trip to the Onefour grasslands ...... 39 SummaryoftheScientificCommitteemeeting...... 40 Surveyofficedisruption...... 49 Secondspidernewsletterpublished...... 50 Canadian Network ...... 50 MembersoftheScientificCommittee...... 50 Project update: Fauna of Soils 2001 ...... 51 The QuizPage ...... 58 Arctic Corner ...... 59 Selected Publications ...... 60 Selected Future Conferences ...... 64 Answers to Faunal Quiz...... 66 Quips and Quotes...... 67 Requests for Material or Information Invited ...... 68 Request for Cooperation (Form) ...... 69 General Information

The Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) appears twice yearly. All material without other accreditation is prepared by the Secretariat for the Biological Survey.

Editor: H.V. Danks Head, Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) Canadian Museum of Nature P.O. Box 3443, Station “D” Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4 TEL: 613-566-4787 FAX: 613-364-4022 (note new fax number as of July 16, 2001) E-mail: [email protected]

Queries, comments, and contributions to the Newsletter are welcomed by the editor. Deadline for material for the Spring 2002 issue is January 28, 2002.

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Editorial Notes The Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) develops and coordinates national initiatives in taxonomic and ecological entomology on behalf of the Canadian Museum of Nature (formerly the National Museum of Natural Sciences) and the Entomological Society of Canada. This Newsletter communicates information about systematic and faunistic entomology that may be of interest in Canada, and reports especially on activities relevant to the Biological Survey.

This newsletter will also be available soon on the Survey’s web site at: http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/esc.hp/bschome.htm Vol. 20, No. 2 39

News and Notes

Brief on label data standards published n response to concerns about the variable ing method and habitat that should appear on labels, Iquality of the information on specimen labels and about unique identifier codes if used. Guide- and the difficulty in finding recommendations lines for preparing computer-generated specimen on issues such as paper quality and weight and labels are given, as well as recommendations on pa- print quality and size for labels, the Biological per and printers for both dry (pinned)specimens and Survey has recently published a brief that ad- wet specimens (preserved in fluid). Label data dresses these issues. should be in a format that maximizes the efficiency The abstract from the brief reads as follows: with which the data can be extracted into databases, data retrieval systems and geographic information “The data associated with specimens and re- systems.” corded on their labels are a permanent record of re- search that is as important as the specimens them- Paper copies of the brief are available selves. This brief provides recommendations on from the Survey Secretariat (see address on in- how to prepare data labels for collections of terres- side front cover). The brief will also be avail- trial arthropods. Given here are standards for label able soon in electronic format on the Survey’s data, to ensure that the data associated with the col- web site at: lecting event are clearly presented and organized, as www.biology.ualberta.ca/esc.hp/bschome.htm. well as standards for label preparation, to ensure that [Wheeler, T.A., J.T. Huber and D.C. Currie. the labels are clear, useful and permanent. Labels 2001. Label data standards for terrestrial arthopods. should provide accurate, unambiguous locality in- A brief prepared by the Biological Survey of Canada formation that includes latitude and longitude. Spe- (Terrestrial Arthopods). Biological Survey of Can- cific recommendations are also provided on how to ada (Terrestrial Arthopods)Document Series No. 8, format information about the date, collector, collect- ISBN 0-9689321-0-X. 20 pp.]

Field trip to the Onefour grasslands he Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada sub- 2002 Grasslands newsletter (March) with a ten- Tstation at Onefour, Alberta was the scene of tative list of arthropod identifications. this summer’s Survey-sponsored grassland ar- The Onefour expedition is the first in thropod collecting expedition. what is hoped will be an annual series of expe- Co-organized by Survey members Rob ditions to promote the Survey’s Grasslands Pro- Roughley and Kevin Floate, a total of 16 ento- ject. The primary goal of the Project is to coor- mologists and their families made the trek to dinate research on the diversity, ecology and Onefour from locations in Alberta, Manitoba, impacts of the arthropods of Canadian grass- Ontario and North Dakota. lands, with the long-term objective of publish- Upon arrival, participants spread out to ing the results of this research in a series of search the surrounding short grass prairie, bad- book volumes. lands and Milk River valley for arthropods us- Information on the Grasslands Project is ing yellow pan traps, sweep nets, soil cores, posted on the Internet at: http://www.biol- black lights and even aquatic dip nets in the few ogy.ualberta.ca/esc.hp/bsc/english/grass- places where water could be found. lands.htm. See also Wheeler, T.A. 2001. Pro- Despite the dry conditions, everyone ject update: Arthropods of Canadian Grass- came away with something of interest. A com- lands. Newsletter of the Biological Survey of plete summary of the trip will appear in the Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) 20(1): 14-15. 40 Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods)

Summary of the meeting of the Scientific Committee for the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), April 2001 he Scientific Committee met in Ottawa on cess. In the article Dr. Wheeler proposed that a TApril 26-27, 2001. system be established to better track this mate- rial. He encouraged people to read the article Scientific Projects and contact him with suggestions. Dr. Wheeler The various scientific projects of the also reported on some completed work on Survey were discussed, including the following grassland . progress. Dr. Roughley reminded the Committee about the announcement in the grasslands 1. Grasslands newsletter of the upcoming excursion to the Dr. Floate explained that a letter had Onefour area as a focus site for work associated been sent out through Agriculture and with the grasslands project. He indicated that Agri-Food Canada to a number of philanthropic there are no restrictions as to the group of ento- foundations soliciting support for the grass- mologists, but that all persons must register in lands project. To date most replies have been advance. The Committee concluded that it negative because the project does not fit the would be useful to know ahead of time what foundations’ funding priorities. However this participants are expecting to achieve, in terms avenue continues to be pursued. The example of the type of taxa, type of sampling and type of of Ross Lake, subject of an article in the most terrain to be sampled. recent grasslands newsletter, had highlighted the fact that insects may have been collected in 2. Family keys various sites but this is not widely known. Dr. Dr. Scudder announced that he, Dr. Rob Floate requested that information on grasslands Cannings and Mr. Syd Cannings have received collections continue to be forwarded to the sub- funding to complete keys to the families of in- committee. sects in British Columbia over the next five Dr. Wheeler reported on the informal years. The results will be posted on a web site as conference on arthropods of grasslands held at well as printed. Therefore, Dr. Scudder will be the joint meeting in December and outlined in able to expand the B.C. key to produce the Ca- the latest grasslands newsletter. The session in- nadian key to apterygotes and exopterygotes in cluded papers by Dr. Floate, Dr. Roughley, Dr. about one year. Hamilton and Dr. Wheeler, followed by an in- formal discussion. Useful input was received, 3. Seasonal adaptations e.g. about areas currently being sampled, espe- Dr. Danks reported on several papers, cially from people outside the Biological Sur- published or in press, on life cycles and vey. A more formal symposium is planned for cold hardiness. Dr. Danks had also given some the 2002 ESC Annual meeting in Winnipeg, lectures and seminars on seasonal adaptations with a focus on ecology/habitat-based work. (especially in a Canadian context) at Kochi and Speakers will be invited to contribute chapters Osaka City Universities in Japan, including to a volume of symposium proceedings. Some some discussions about diapause and related speakers have already committed to participat- themes. He is now working on an invited lec- th ing and others are being approached. Dr. ture on diapause responses for the 4 European Wheeler had submitted an article about residues Workshop of Invertebrate Ecophysiology (St. from insect collecting for the recent grasslands Petersburg, September 2001). Specific cooper- newsletter. As more studies continue in grass- ative work in Victoria is proceeding and some lands large amounts of residues are being gen- interesting results are already in hand. erated. These residues are potentially good sources of material but are often difficult to ac- Vol. 20, No. 2 41

4. Insects of Keewatin and Mackenzie Dr. Marshall encouraged everyone to Dr. Currie reported that two accounts of continue to highlight the importance of insect the 2000 trip to the Horton River had been pub- collections in identifying invasive . lished in Survey newsletters during the year Members of the Committee provided relevant 2000. [Newsletter of the Biological Survey of examples. Dr. Shorthouse thought that this sort Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) 19(2): 48-51; of information about the value of collections Arctic Insect News No. 11: 6-9]. During 2001, a should be forwarded to NSERC. He noted that smaller trip is planned to Yellowknife and less than 3% of shipments coming into Canada Wood Buffalo National Park, an area in be- by sea are examined for potentially invasive tween the Horton and the Thelon Rivers. An ex- species. pedition to the Thelon River will proceed in 3. Endangered species 2002. Dr. Giberson reported that she has fin- ished sorting the stoneflies collected from the Dr. Scudder had spoken recently at the Horton river, none of which are shredders. hearings of the parliamentary committee that is reviewing the endangered species legislation, a Other scientific priorities similar bill to the one that died last year on the order paper. There is an attempt to get the bill 1. Arthropod fauna of soils strengthened. Dr. Scudder reminded the Com- Dr. Behan-Pelletier reported on several mittee about the web site that enables scientists relevant publications, meetings, publicity for to sign in support of strengthened legislation soil mites, and recent research activities and ex- [http://www.scientists4species.org/]. There are pertise – see especially the Project update in this potential weaknesses of terminology and effec- newsletter (p. 51). tiveness in the bill, for example. The Atlantic Director of the Canadian Wildlife Service re- 2. Invasions and reductions cently disbanded three endangered species re- Dr. Scudder reminded the Committee covery teams unilaterally without notice and that there had been a session on alien invaders at Dr. Scudder had tabled letters at the hearings re- the national EMAN meeting in January 2001. A garding this action. book resulting from this session is now in press. Dr. Ring asked whether poor legislation Dr. Foottit and Dr. Scudder are pursuing re- is better than no legislation. Dr. Scudder specu- search and publications on this topic. lated that the Act will not result in many bene- Dr. Wheeler reported that at McGill fits but that some corresponding actions may be University, the Redpath Museum has hired two beneficial. For example, the government has al- biodiversity faculty this year, one of whom ready allocated money towards stewardship works on freshwater invasive species. Dr. programs. He thought that the real danger if the Floate commented that many biological control legislation is passed unchanged is that public researchers in the United States are currently perception may be that sufficient protection for worried because they deliberately introduce ex- endangered species is in place when it is not. otic species but no invasive species are being al- Nevertheless, he thinks that this legislation will lowed, a trend that may involve Canada too. likely be passed without changes: none of the changes put forward in the last round were Dr. Behan-Pelletier requested that any adopted. He said that the environmental groups information on invasive species in soil, espe- and the NGO’s are divided in their opinion as to cially arthropods, be forwarded to her because the value of no legislation versus poor legisla- she is considering the possibility of a sympo- tion. He had also heard opinions that there sium on this subject. Dr. Roughley commented might never be any changes to the Act once it that he has collected a number of unidentified has passed, reinforcing the need to make im- centipedes from imported plants, a finding that provements now. Moreover, there are no bio- also is valuable for teaching purposes. 42 Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods)

logical criteria that can be used to review the ef- other issues. Dr. Danks also outlined a number fectiveness of the legislation later. of pending updates. Dr. Scudder reported that the University 5. Faunal analysis of British Columbia and the B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks have just signed Dr. Roughley reported that a list of num- a memorandum of agreement to map richness ber of species by family from Canada and its and rarity hotspots for as many taxa as possible insect fauna and an introductory paragraph are in British Columbia. Initial information shows now available to be added to the web site. There that rarity hotspots for many different taxa will be links on this list to any of the taxa that overlap, and some of the richness hotspots also have updated numbers. Hopefully this posting overlap the rarity hotspots. Dr. Scudder re- will stimulate others to provide updated lists. minded the Committee that the B.C. Forest The data will help to compare the change in Practices Code requires that endangered wild- knowledge over the years, as well as exposing life, including insects, be identified and rele- gaps in knowledge. vant areas managed. Dr. Danks reminded the Committee that the original purpose of the project was to com- 4. Survey web site pile unassailable numbers about the diversity of Dr. Danks reported that some progress insects and the lack of availability of expertise, has been made. Additional elements of the site in order to substantiate to politicians and others were not all posted or operational initially, and the need for increased numbers of systematists, the personnel database and site-search features for example. He asked if someone will take the were added later, for example, although there is lead in pursuing updates or would the Survey more to do. simply let the website speak for itself. Dr. In terms of feedback and usage, Dr. Roughley volunteered to develop a plan in con- Danks reported that he has received several fa- sultation with Dr. Scudder and Dr. Wheeler on vourable comments from colleagues, and feed- how to take project further and to report at the back from the site’s email address. Members of next meeting. the Committee added favourable additional 6. Standards for specimen data labels comments about the appearance and content of the site. A site meter, which logs separate visits, A draft copy of a brief on standards for was started in early October. To date it had re- specimen data labels had been circulated by Dr. corded well over 2000 hits and over 2800 page Wheeler to Committee members. The Commit- views, and the number of hits seems to be in- tee endorsed the brief, as useful for various pur- creasing steadily. poses, and timely in view of increasing aware- ness of standards such as ISO 9000. The Com- Dr. Danks reported continuing problems mittee agreed that the brief should be published with respect to posting new material and as part of the Survey’s document series, after changes, because of the delays sometimes en- some individual comments and suggestions countered by having to go through the ESC from members. webmaster. The other major problem is the function of the database about relevant workers 7. Voucher specimens and their interests, which appear to stem partly from the original structure and operation of the Dr. Wheeler raised the issue of the lack database, not designed as a web-based system, of awareness of the importance of voucher and partly from hardware and software limita- specimens. The Biological Survey should make tions in its current setting. Therefore, a new this message more widespread. For example all contract will be needed to refine or replace the journals and NSERC applications should re- software for web and other uses; substantial quire that voucher specimens be deposited in thought first has to go into ongoing needs and recognized institutions (contrast the French Vol. 20, No. 2 43 version of instructions in The Canadian Ento- pods. Dr. Roughley said that his data suggest mologist, for example). that a full cycle in tall-grass prairie takes four to Dr. Wheeler and Dr. Scudder volun- five years. teered to prepare a one-page document to em- 10. Publication of systematic and faunistic phasize the need for vouchers and circulate it to papers Committee members for comment before the October meeting. The Committee agreed that The Committee discussed needs and such a document could be published in the ESC possibilities for publishing the results of sys- Bulletin, sent to NSERC, and provided to orga- tematic and faunistic work in Canada. Dr. nizations such as the Canadian Society of Zool- Wheeler thought that revitalizing the Lyman ogists and the Canadian Botanical Association, publication series might be feasible for publica- for example. tion of systematic, faunistic and natural history papers at a low cost to authors. Dr. Scudder had 8. Information on naturalist handbooks been asked to gauge interest in the community Dr. Marshall asserted that it is important of starting a new Canadian NRC journal for sys- to take advantage of the growing interest in tematics and to accept submissions biodiversity in the naturalist community. To from a variety of disciplines, and to organize an that end he is developing a series of naturalist appropriate letter to NRC from relevant societ- guides to Ontario insects. The first volume ies. (Hemiptera) is almost complete and should be The Lyman series might fill a niche in published this summer and other volumes are in publishing longer monographs, theses, faunal progress. The books might then be expanded as inventories, descriptions of immature stages, a more technical product including keys, distri- biological notes, etc. that would not be pub- butional information, and more species, that lished in The Canadian Entomologist or the could be published by the Biological Survey, proposed NRC journal, given the earlier demise given the colour images readily available from of Canadian publications such as Quaestiones the popular guides. The Committee recognized entomologicae and the ESC Memoirs. the value of such naturalists guides and praised The Committee endorsed both Dr. the quality of the work. They discussed various Scudder’s journal proposal and the idea of a re- aspects of this and possible future publications. vitalized Lyman series. Given general agreement by the Com- mittee that the suggestion is worthwhile, Dr. 11. The cost of insect identifications Marshall, Dr. Currie and Dr. Sperling agreed to Dr. Danks suggested that the Survey consider how to best coordinate these sorts of should prepare a short document pointing out publications and what should be the role of the and substantiating the time and expertise in- Biological Survey. They would report at the volved in identifying insects to various taxo- October meeting. nomic levels, and hence the fair costs of the work. Such a document would serve not only as 9. Arthropods and fire a point of reference for practical purposes but Dr. Scudder reported that a number of also would reinforce the fact that insect identifi- studies of arthropods are being made in fire cations require expertise, reference collections, sites. The site he is studying has not yet recov- time and so on. Although people could not nec- ered from fire and might not do so for another essarily charge the costs given in the proposed 35 years. Dr. Roughley announced that his document, it would serve for conscious- study on DND lands near Winnipeg is complete ness-raising about the real costs. Others pointed and the final report has been prepared. The ex- out that such an effort would also encourage ex- tensive list of references is a useful source of in- pert identifications, a big time and cost compo- formation on grasslands and on fire and arthro- 44 Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods)

nent (including in-kind contributions) of Liaison and exchange of information biodiversity projects. 1. Canadian Museum of Nature A subcommittee chaired by Dr. Behan-Pelletier volunteered to pursue the idea Dr. Mark Graham, Director, Research of a document about identification costs and to Services, reported that the Global Biodiversity report at the next Committee meeting. Information Facility (GBIF) has announced that Canada is one of its voting members. Can- 12. Monitoring of continuing priorities for ada’s contribution to this new international or- work on Canadian faunas ganization is being organized by the Federal Updated information on earlier or cur- Biosystematics Partnership. GBIF’s objective rently less active Survey projects was reviewed, is to link up various national networks (see including arthropods of peatlands, aquatic in- http://www.gbif.org). sects of freshwater wetlands, arthropod fauna The Canadian Museum of Nature is of large rivers, arthropod ectoparasites of verte- planning to open an educational exhibit on en- brates, arthropods of the Yukon, arthropods of dangered plants in Canada in conjunction with the Queen Charlotte Islands (Haida Gwaii), ar- the Royal Botanical Gardens, Hamilton. This thropods of special habitats, climatic change travelling exhibit will open in Ottawa in about and agroecosystems. one year. Particular progress on the insects of Dr. Graham also mentioned the NSERC Newfoundland was reported by Dr. Larson. For post graduate supplement for systematics re- example, a draft key of the Newfoundland search, now in its third year; and a draft frame- Hemiptera is available, and work is in progress work on collection care produced by the Natu- on other orders. This project was reinstituted as ral Sciences and Engineering Research Council an active Survey priority. (NSERC) (see http://www.nserc.ca/pro- grams/framework_mem_e.htm). In contrast to 13. NSERC reallocations exercise some wordings in the draft framework, some Dr. Laurence Packer, a guest of the Committee members emphasized that regional Committee, summarized the current realloca- collections are more valuable as separate re- tion process at NSERC, which is intended to re- gional units than if they are transferred to cen- distribute a portion of the Research Grants bud- tral repositories. get among the various disciplines. He requested Dr. Graham also spoke about the Cana- information he could use in preparing submis- dian Biodiversity Network Conference [and see sions about the biosystematics of terrestrial ar- below] which was held in early March with one thropods. The Committee discussed various focus on an electronic knowledge base to facili- possibilities at length and made some sugges- tate access to information that is not now easily tions to Dr. Packer. Members of the Committee accessible. Many organizations including the agreed to develop some of the suggestions fur- CMN took part in organizing the conference. A ther, and individual Committee members strategic planning group has been established to would submit further ideas to Dr. Packer. draft a plan for the next steps. 14. Other priorities The CMN is developing its national col- lection development plan which will be ready The Committee also discussed other sci- for circulation and comment in about a month. entific priorities such as old-growth forests, This document will provide some context for damaged ecosystems, Survey publicity, and what should come into the national collection funding for biodiversity projects. given the limitations of finite space, large num- bers of collections and the requirement to pro- vide data electronically. Vol. 20, No. 2 45

2. Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research that some central department or system might Centre (ECORC) be required to integrate it. Dr. Scudder thought Dr. Bob Foottit announced that discus- that another important point is that Canada sions have begun about restructuring the re- needs the equivalent of the U.S. National Sci- search branch of Agriculture and Agri-Food ence Foundation: an agency that will promote Canada. Decisions are expected this summer. and fund research in biodiversity. Moreover, There have been some preliminary discussions there is not yet enough provincial-federal coop- about national programs, placing less emphasis eration. The provinces (except for Quebec and on a commodity-based structure. One such na- the Yukon) did not participate in the Confer- tional program could be systematics. Plans for ence even though they were invited. improving the collection facility are proceeding Dr. Sperling commented that the impor- with a submission sent to Treasury Board. In tance of education was emphasized at the con- the meantime smaller improvements are being ference, including the gradual decline of sys- made on a collection-by-collection basis. Ap- tematists at universities, the importance of uni- proval has been received to hire a systematist in versity collections for training and the impor- the next fiscal year, the first hiring for 10 years: tance of grassroots support and interest. Dr. discussions are underway as to which of the Sperling emphasized the importance of draw- dozen taxa where there is a need will be cov- ing natural history groups into these ered. biodiversity networks. He thought that the con- Dr. Behan-Pelletier confirmed that ference had been a useful exercise in conscious- AAFC has been the lead agency in getting Can- ness building, and it is important to keep the ini- ada as a signatory to GBIF. Dr. Larson noted tiative going. Lack of participation from the that the CNC was able to acquire the important provincial level should change once a network John and Bert Carr beetle collection. is stabilized. The distributive nature of this ini- tiative, i.e. the aim for a true collaborative net- 3. The Canadian Biodiversity Network work, is important. Members of the Committee Conference commented that the meeting was encouraging Dr. Behan-Pelletier circulated the final from various other viewpoints, though it is still list of participants at the Canadian Biodiversity relatively early. Network Conference and noted the diversity of Dr. Graham recognized as positive signs backgrounds of participants. She also noted that the fact that two federal ministers gave intro- many of the speakers’ presentations are avail- ductory talks with significant comments, and able on the website [see the Assistant Deputy Ministers also spoke at the http://www.nrc.ca/confserv/biodiversity/pre- end of the conference. sentations_e.html]. Dr. Scudder identified two main issues stemming from the conference - 4. Entomological Society of Canada bioinformatics databases and biodiversity sci- Dr. Foottit, President, Entomological ence. A synthesis of ideas from the conference Society of Canada, reported that the mid-term is being formulated. The final document with Governing Board meeting was held recently. recommendations would likely take another The Society has a financial surplus now, in part year and a half to complete and might then take as a consequence of the restructuring accom- another 18 months to go through Treasury plished a few years ago. Some profit was real- Board. The hope is to have the final document ized from the Joint meeting and will be put into address all relevant aspects, such as training, the ESC conference travel scholarship fund to chairs at universities, databasing, infrastruc- assist students to travel to annual meetings. The ture, etc. However, it is unclear where the re- Borden award for students of pest management sponsibility for biodiversity is in the federal has been established and a search for funding system. Currently it spans a number of govern- has begun. The current editor of The Canadian ment departments and Dr. Scudder speculated Entomologist has announced his intention to re- 46 Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods)

sign effective January 2002. A search commit- cepted the idea that increased base funding is tee for a new editor has been formed. Dr. Foottit required to achieve ecological integrity and in- will be speaking with a number of people re- creased science capacity. A coordinated ap- garding the editorial philosophy and scope of proach for environmental monitoring is the journal, which remains of excellent quality. planned with EMAN. The 2001 Annual Meeting will be held October Dr. Roughley commented that knowl- 21 - 24 in Niagara Falls, Ontario. Dr. Foottit cir- edge of arthropod biodiversity is essential to culated a tentative program. He noted 3 work- ecological integrity and he would like to en- shops related to systematics: 1) Entomology in courage a plan to facilitate insect work in parks. parks and protected spaces, 2) Bringing insects He added that parks are attractive to entomolo- to the public, 3) New insect introductions. The gists partly because of the long-term stability of 2002 meeting will be in Winnipeg, and plan- these areas. Dr. McCanny indicated that there is ning for that meeting has begun. a discussion of inventory programs in the new A number of comments were made science strategy but that this would not likely about the logistical and other difficulties of receive substantial funding. Dr. Roughley and dealing with the large Entomological Society of others pointed out that funding is not necessar- America and especially the professional orga- ily required initially; even increased access to nizers of the Joint meeting (e.g. payments in national parks is critical and simple logistic Canada required in U.S. dollars; lack of recog- support would be helpful. Dr. McCanny ac- nition of ESC and SEQ partners). However, the knowledged that the permitting process has science program was generally agreed to have been a problem in the past. Dr. Danks summa- been good. rized the two main problems perceived with the permitting process. First, the current guidelines 5. Parks Canada are geared towards prohibiting removal of en- Dr. Stephen McCanny, Ecosystem Pro- dangered birds, etc. but insect sampling is a dif- tection Biologist, Ecological Integrity Branch, ferent process. What has been collected needs Parks Canada reported that in February the to be sorted and identified, so that the sort of de- Canada National Parks Act was proclaimed. tail called for in the guidelines is impossible to Ecological integrity is given first priority in all provide. The other situation is that in the past aspects of parks management and planning. this Committee has dealt with the headquarters There is a definition of ecological integrity in of Parks Canada but in reality it is the individual the act; the act states that the parks should be parks personnel who make the permitting deci- managed to be characteristic of natural regions. sions. Recently a document on the response to the Dr. Shorthouse reiterated the fact that panel on the ecological integrity of Canada’s the Biological Survey has been attempting to national parks was considered. Some recom- work with Parks for many years with few re- mendations have been acted upon, including sults. He asked Dr. McCanny what he thought having an ecologist sit on the Executive Board, the Survey could do to help facilitate inverte- having a charter to define the role of Parks Can- brate research in national parks. Dr. McCanny ada, training in ecological integrity for all staff, thought that there might be an opportunity in revised planning and marketing guidelines, and the development of Parks Canada’s science designating wilderness areas in some of the strategy. It had been his impression that past re- mountain parks. The next step will be to act on quests involved funding or in-kind support those things that require funding. which are not available. Members of the Com- Two promises made by the government mittee emphasized that the greatest frustration last fall included funding for new parks and for has been inability to get permits, together with ecological integrity. Several recently estab- not knowing what to expect when dealing with lished parks that require further inventory will individual parks. Dr. Marcogliese commented be getting new funding. Treasury Board has ac- that he has had some success working with Vol. 20, No. 2 47

Parks as a result of personal contacts. Dr. Danks hardiness in northern Canada; Insects of the volunteered to work with Dr. McCanny to try to Yukon; Insect cold hardiness: a Canadian per- initiate some more general discussions to in- spective; Arctic insects as indicators of envi- form Parks personnel about the value of arthro- ronmental change; and Water balance in insects pods and to start to work out some more feasi- dormant for the winter. ble strategies. Dr. McCanny agreed that this would be useful, and perhaps language could be Other items found that could be integrated with the science strategy. 1. Regional developments Members of the Committee summarized 6. Parasitology module, Canadian Society of information from different regions of the coun- Zoologists try. For example, in British Columbia, Dr. Dr. Marcogliese explained that the para- Scudder announced that the Butterflies of B.C. sitology module, which is not officially recog- has been published. A Memorandum of Agree- nized or funded by the Canadian Museum of ment has been signed with the Department of Nature, functions in somewhat the same way as Environment, Lands and Parks to do a richness the terrestrial arthropod module did in its early and rarity hot spot analysis for the province. Dr. years. The parasitology module is trying to Scudder and Dr. Foottit continue to work on the demonstrate its value and produce products. aphids of British Columbia. The mirids of the The current projects include protocols for mon- Pacific Northwest should be finished this year. itoring parasites in biodiversity studies. The Significant areas have been protected as a result fish protocols have been published on the of the data on endangered species, for example EMAN website, the bird protocol is completed grassland areas in the Okanagan. The B.C. gov- and will be posted once it has been translated, ernment put aside large areas of Chilkotin as the amphibian and reptile protocol is nearing well. Approximately 13% of land in B.C. has completion. The other ongoing project is the now been put aside as protected areas, although national stickleback parasite survey which is the use of these lands includes recreation and now an IBOY project; 25 partners are currently therefore may not help biodiversity. Dr. involved worldwide. Dr. Marcogliese has ap- Scudder is finishing a handbook of the plied for a grant for this work and is collaborat- pentatomids of Canada. Finally, he is trying to ing with some national parks. Dr. Marcogliese finish his work on the lygaeids of the world. Dr. distributed copies of relevant articles, and pro- Ring reported that Dr. Robert Duncan has re- vided information about scientific meetings and ceived a grant to publish an identification and some more general issues. information guide on conifer-defoliating in- sects of B.C. The proceedings from the species Secretariat activities at risk conference held in Kamloops a couple of Ongoing operations of the Biological years ago have been published including a treat- Survey Secretariat were reviewed, including ment of rare and endangered invertebrates in clearing-house and coordination roles, research B.C. Dr. Robb Bennett has moved to the B.C. and other items, and Dr. Danks travels to ento- Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks in mological centres on behalf of the Survey to ex- the temporary position of Endangered Inverte- change information about relevant work. In brate Specialist. One of his mandates is to es- 2000 and early 2001, visits were made to Victo- tablish the Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery ria and Kelowna, BC, Edmonton, AB, Winni- Team. Dr. Rob Cannings continues his project peg, MB, Guelph, ON and Montreal,QC. Semi- on dragonflies in northern B.C. The annual in- nars and lectures presented, in addition to vertebrate symposium at the University of Vic- more-or-less informal treatments of the Biolog- toria included 4-5 papers from entomologists. ical Survey, included: The Biological Survey of Universities in British Columbia face a 3% de- Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods); Insect cold cline in budget this year. 48 Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods)

For the prairies, Dr. Floate reported that Ontario Museum. Databasing of the butterfly the expansion of the Lethbridge Research Cen- collection is now complete and the information tre continues and that the new offices and labo- has been transferred for inclusion with the Biota ratories should be ready by September 2002. of Canada project. Databasing of the dragon- Dr. Roughley reported that much research on flies should be done by the end of the year. forests continues in Manitoba especially Work on Walpole Island and in the Haliburton through the University of Winnipeg’s new for- forest as well as on odontocerids are planned. est centre headed by Dr. Richard Westwood. Publication of the book on Black flies of North Dr. John Conroy’s former position at the Uni- America (including 1300 illustrations) is sched- versity of Winnipeg is to be filled by an ento- uled for 2002. Dr. Marshall reported that a stu- mologist. Dr. Pat Mackay will retire from the dent at the University of Guelph will study University of Manitoba this year and an ecolog- tall-grass prairie sites in southern Ontario. ical insect physiologist will be recruited as a re- Work from Point Pelee and the Bruce Peninsula placement. The University of Manitoba will ex- is being reported on. The University of Guelph perience its first budget increase in 20 years. Dr. is preparing a CFI proposal to establish a Roughley reported that the Prairie Conserva- biodiversity centre. Dr. Paul Sibley, an aquatic tion and Endangered Species conference was entomologist, has been added to the faculty. held in Winnipeg in late February. He was sur- The website for the University of Guelph prised at the amount of prairie work being done includes the insect collection and at the novel approaches being taken. Dr. (http://www.uoguelph.ca/~samarsha/). Dr. Behan-Pelletier reported that the late Dr. Shorthouse noted student work at Laurentian Conroy’s mite collections have been trans- University on parasitoids of rose gall wasps and ferred from the University of Winnipeg to the on changes of Ontario species diversity with Canadian National Collection. Dr. Sperling re- latitude. ported that the cabinet and drawer capacity of In Quebec, Dr. Wheeler announced that the Strickland Museum at the University of Al- the curatorial position at the Lyman Museum of berta is increasing by 40%. There also will be McGill University has been filled by Ms. an increase in computer disk space. A virtual Stephanie Boucher. The herbarium and the museum is being built, comprising specimen Lyman Museum have received a grant to con- data bases, species pages and applications (see tribute to databasing material. Some students www.biology.ualberta.ca/uasm/uasm.html). have finished but others will be starting. Parts Dr. John Spence has accepted a position as the of the Leon Provancher collection have been chair of the Department of Renewable Re- recognized by the Quebec government as a bio- sources at the University of Alberta but will logical heritage collection. There has also been continue his research. Dr. Bev Mitchell and Dr. some public recognition of the value of Ron Gooding will retire soon and will be re- biodiversity collections for documenting Que- placed. The University of Alberta library, bec’s cultural past. The Insectarium wishes to through the generosity of an alumnus, has an expand its research focus, and some joint initia- endowment fund for which the highest priority tives with the Lyman are being explored. The purchases will be systematic entomology Entomological Collections Network meeting monographs. Dr. Sperling announced the for- was held just prior to the joint ESC/SEQ/ESA mation of the Alberta Lepidopterists Guild meeting in Montreal in December 2000. Dr. which has about 36 members, half of whom are Chiasson mentioned that in the Innovateur à very active. Dr. Sperling outlined other liaisons l’école program (where scientists go to public and activities, concluding that there are inter- schools to talk about what they do) the two most esting and positive developments at the Univer- popular subjects are astronomy and entomol- e sity of Alberta. ogy. The 5 Conference Internationale In Ontario, Dr. Currie reported that the Francophone d’Entomologie (CIFE) will be master planning process continues at the Royal held in Montreal in July 2002 [contact Dr. Dan- Vol. 20, No. 2 49 iel Coderre]. The 2001 SEQ meeting will be Dr. Ring cited some figures from the financial held November 8-9 with the theme of “Ento- statement in the annual report of the Canadian mology and sustainable agriculture: towards an Polar Commission, showing that half of the an- integrated production of fruit and vegetables”. nual budget of $956,000 is allocated for salaries Dr. Daniel Coderre has been selected as the and benefits of staff and the remainder for such Dean of the faculty of science at the Université things as professional services, travel, accom- du Québec à Montréal. Dr. Daphne Fairbairn is modation, honoraria for board members and leaving Concordia University to go to southern overhead costs, but none for research. How- California (with Dr. Derek Roff, McGill Uni- ever, NSERC has announced some new north- versity). ern research chairs. Available positions in the For Newfoundland and the Maritimes arctic recently advertised are supported by U.S. Dr. Larson reported that in Newfoundland rather than Canadian funding. Dr. Sperling much of the provincial civil service is being de- noted that Dr. James Kruse, a systematic Lepi- centralized, including most of the natural re- dopterist, recently started a three-year position sources related departments. As a result there as curator of entomology at the University of have been massive resignations. Work on in- Alaska, Fairbanks. sects in endangered dune ecosystems will be 2. Other matters proceed if the relevant person chooses to con- tinue in her position. A study last summer The Committee also considered recent showed that “bug zappers” are not effective and Survey publications, notably the Survey, arctic could even be considered an environmental and grasslands newsletters, the annual report to menace by killing non-target insects. A survey the Canadian Museum of Nature, liaisons with in the Guelph of St. Lawrence showed the wide organizations outside Canada, and information use by fish fry of insects in surface drift. Dr. on relevant publications and meetings. The An- Giberson reported that Health Canada is taking nual General Meeting of the Biological Survey the threat of West Nile virus very seriously. The Foundation took place. strategy this summer will be to monitor for dead crows potentially killed by the virus. The issue is leading to a number of large-scale mosquito surveys in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Dr. Giberson’s studies in national parks con- tinue. The annual meeting of the Acadian Ento- mological Society will be held at the University of Prince Edward Island, August 23-24, 2001. Survey Office Disruption Dr. Trefor Reynoldson, an aquatic entomolo- ome events in July at the Canadian Museum gist, has been seconded from Environment of Nature (where the Survey Secretariat is Canada (Burlington) to Acadia University and S housed) may have made communicating with will be studying the aquatic insects of major us more difficult. A move of the Survey office rivers. within our building changed the fax number to For the Arctic, Dr. Ring announced that 613-364-4022 as of July 16. Shortly after the he will not be going to the arctic this year be- move, the CMN’s computer network was hit by cause logistic support from the Polar Shelf Con- a virus forcing email service to be shut down for tinental Project in the western arctic is not avail- several days. We apologize for any communi- able and the centre at Tuktoyaktuk is closed. He cations that may have been lost during this pe- has seen no tangible benefits yet resulting from riod. the report of the national task force on northern research and he contrasted this situation with the role of the Norwegian Polar Institute that has provided considerable funding for research. 50 Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods)

Second newsletter Canadian Biodiversity Network published ince the Canadian Biodiversity Network he second volume of the Canadian SConference was held last March (as re- TArachnologist was published in May 2001. ported in the Spring issue of this newsletter) ac- This volume continues profiling Canadian tivities and developments have continued. For arachnologists. As well the issue contains a example, work continues on devising a Na- note about “The case of the missing pedipalps tional Biodiversity Knowledge Network Stra- in Cybaeopsis euopla”, a progress report on the tegic Plan, the text of the speakers’ presenta- Canadian spider database project, an announce- tions were posted on the web and a document ment of the impending publication of “Contri- with ideas and recommendations from the butions à la connaissance des Araignées biodiversity conference workshop was released (Arachnida, Araneae) d’Amérique du Nord”, a in July. The federal government is continuing th report from the 15 International Congress of to support a two-person secretariat. In the im- Arachnology and other useful information. mediate future, work will continue on putting Production of the first two newsletters together an approach to seek funding and sup- was supported by the Biological Survey of Can- port for the Network. ada. Suggestions for a long-term source of For further information about these ini- funding are welcomed by the editors (David tiatives please contact Dr. Peter Hall, Executive Shorthouse: [email protected] and Chris Bud- Director and Chair, Biodiversity Knowledge dle: [email protected]). and Innovation Network Initiative, tel. To subscribe to the newsletter or read 613-759-7761; [email protected] the electronic version visit: http://members.tri- http://www.nrc.ca/confserv/biodiversity/ pod.com/davidshorthouse/arachnologist/arach nologist.html

Members of the Scientific Committee 2001

Dr. V.M. Behan-Pelletier Dr. D.J. Giberson Dr. J.D. Shorthouse (Chair) Ottawa, ON Charlottetown, PEI Sudbury, ON Dr. H. Chiasson Dr. M. Graham (CMN) Dr. I. M. Smith (ECORC) St.-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC Ottawa, ON Ottawa, ON Dr. D.C. Currie Dr. D.J. Larson Dr. F.A.H. Sperling Toronto, ON St. Johns, NF Edmonton, AB Dr. J.-M. Deschênes, Director, Dr. S.A. Marshall Dr. T.A. Wheeler ECORC Guelph, ON Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC Ottawa, ON Dr. R.A. Ring Honorary / Founding Ms. J. DiCosimo, President, Victoria, BC Members: Canadian Museum of Nature Dr. R.E. Roughley Dr. G.E. Ball Ottawa, ON Winnipeg, MB Edmonton, AB Dr. K.D. Floate Dr. G.G.E. Scudder Mr. J.A. Downes Lethbridge, AB Vancouver, BC Ottawa, ON Dr. R.G. Foottit (ESC) Ottawa, ON Vol. 20, No. 2 51

Project Update: Arthropod Fauna of Soils 2001

Valerie M. Behan-Pelletier Biodiversity Section, ECORC, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Bldg., 960Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6, [email protected]

“We know more about the movement of the Survey strongly encourages inclusion of celestial bodies than about the soil underfoot.” soil arthropods in its Projects, such as the Leonardo Da Vinci,circa 1500’s Grassland Project (http://www.biol- ogy.ualberta.ca/esc.hp/bsc/english/grass- oils, wherever they are found, are recog- lands.htm ) and Insects of the Yukon (Danks Snized as habitats for much of the bio- and Downes 1997). The Survey first outlined sphere’s undescribed diversity; they make up the status and research needs for Canadian soil an environment where, even in North America, arthropods in a brief (Marshall et al. 1982), a only about 50% of species are described as document as relevant today as then. Subse- adults (Behan-Pelletier and Bissett 1992). The quently, it helped sponsor a conference on fau- Biological Survey has long recognized the im- nal influences on soil structure (Spence 1986), portance of soil fauna as essential for maintain- and ensured contributions on soil arthropods in ing the fertility of Canada’s soils. It regularly publications associated with the Survey, e.g., comments on relevant developments on soil ar- Ball and Danks (1993) and Finnamore and Mar- thropods, e.g., Behan-Pelletier (1995), although shall (1994). The following update is not in- it does not have an active project because of the tended to be exhaustive. Rather, it attempts to limited taxonomic resources in Canada. Also, highlight some recent developments.

Gozmanyina majesta (Marshall and Reeves), an inhabitant of soil and litter in mixed deciduous-coniferous forests of northeastern North America. 52 Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods)

Since the publication of “Life in the Soil” But have these and other initiatives in- (Freckman1994)therehasbeenconsiderablefo- creased taxonomic information AND aware- cusonsoilbiodiversityingeneralinNorthAmer- ness about soil biodiversity, especially for ica, and more specifically on documenting the hyperdiverse taxa such as the arthropods? I role of soil biodiversity in ecosystem function. think the answer is a qualified Yes. Granted, the VariousworkshopsfromtheSCOPECommittee “important deficiencies related to soil arthro- onSoilsandSedimentshavedeepenedawareness pods” outlined in Marshall et al. (1982) and re- of fundamental similarities in biodiversity be- iterated by Behan-Pelletier (1993a) have not tweenterrestrialsoilsandthesedimentsoffresh- been addressed, but soil arthropod biodiversity water and marine environments (Brussard et al. is no longer ignored in meaningful ecosystem 1997, Wall Freckman et al. 1997, Wall 1999). analyses. SCOPE workshops have addressed questions Central to this change is that the taxo- suchastheimpactofsoilbiodiversityonplantpro- nomic inadequacies are more widely appreci- ductivity (SCOPE 2001), have recognized that ated, as a result of Kosztarab and Schaefer’s soils are critical transition zones (Bardgett et al. (1990) analysis of status and needs for North 2001), and have addressed possible effects of American insect and systematics, sub- global change on soil biota (Young et al. 1998). sequent analyses of specific groups, e.g., Concurrent with SCOPE initiatives on soil Bennett (1999), and the Soil Biology Guide biodiversity, the EMAN program of Environ- (Dindal 1990) which includes keys to most of mentCanada(Finnamoreetal.1998)andvarious the major microbial and invertebrate inhabit- Canadian and international biodiversity assess- ants of North American soils. We know that ments, such as the SAGE Grassland Project , Diptera and Coleoptera comprise over (Finnamore1996),andtheALASProjectinCosta 75% of the arthropod species richness in most Rica(havehelpedtoformalizesamplingmethod- North American soils, but that these groups ologiesforthisbiodiversity.Inaddition,thisyear have only about 15%, 68% and 87% of adults FAO has developed a soil biodiversity internet identifiable to species, respectively portal (http://www.fao.org/landand (Behan-Pelletier and Bissett 1992). Further- water/agll/soilbiod/biodport.htm)withtheover- more, the immature stages of only 5-10% of allaimofpromoting“amoreecologicalapproach species are described, even though these stages in agricultural systems and the integrated man- are typically the most metabolically active and agementoflandresourceswithaviewtoenhanc- long-lived in the soil. The few taxonomic ex- ingagriculturalproductivityandagro-ecosystem perts available are trying to address these inade- sustainability”. quacies by developing standard keys, and by In parallel with this surge in interest in using the internet to make data more available. soil biodiversity in North America, forest cano- An excellent example is the Checklist of the pies, with their suspended soil habitats, have Collembola (Janssens 2001), the Collembola gained recognition as one of the last biotic fron- Key2000 Project (Janssens 2001) and the list of tiers (Winchester 1997; International Canopy Collembola literature). But the taxonomic im- Network (ICAN: http://192.211.16.13/individ- pediment remains, and ultimately, taxonomic uals/nadkarnn/main/info.htm)). Canopies in- deficiencies can only be solved by taxonomic clude a range of soil and litter microhabitats al- expertise. In the meantime these deficiencies most homologous to those on the forest floor. are being addressed in a number of ways out- These microhabitats, collectively called ‘can- lined below: opy organic matter’ host diverse assemblages – Focus on arthropod groups (or a subset of soil arthropods that can be distinct from and thereof) for which there are comprehensive can rival in richness those on the forest floor keys and/or expertise available. This is the (Behan-Pelletier and Walter 2000; Winchester approach advocated in biodiversity assess- 1997). ments, or environmental monitoring where resources are limited (Marshall et al. 1994; Vol. 20, No. 2 53

Danks and Winchester 2000). Of necessity microarthropods (with specimen voucher this approach is limited to macroarthropods, backup) will form the main output for GLIDE especially Araneae, Diplopoda and families (theGlobalLitterInvertebrateDecomposition of Coleoptera and Diptera (Paquin and Experiment: Coderre 1997a,b; Bennett 1999; Carcamo et http://www.nrel.colostate.edu/pro- al. 2000; Scudder 2000). As examples, jects/glide/), which includes sites in Canada, ground beetles and are among the fo- and is a core project of the International cus groups of the EMEND Project (Ecosys- Biodiversity Observation Year tem Management by Emulating Natural Dis- (http://www.nrel.colostate.edu/IBOY/). turbance) in Alberta forests (http://www.bi- One or all of these approaches have been ology.ualberta.ca/emend/index.htm), and of used in biodiversity and faunistic studies on soil studies of the INCO mine tailings, Sudbury arthropods in Canada, and have contributed (Shorthouse and Bagatto 1995). A limitation qualitatively and quantitatively to our knowl- is that these groups are primarily litter dwell- edge of this fauna. As an example, the diversity ers, and are rarely found in quantity in many of studies on Canadian soil arthropods pub- soil microhabitats. lished since 1993 is illustrated for 2 groups, the – Taxa are sorted to family, and to species Acari and Collembola, in Table 1. or morphospecies and assigned an identifying number (e.g. Oppiidae: Oppia sp. 1). This ap- proach is used in most studies assessing References microarthropods(AcariandCollembola).Itre- Addison,J.A. 1993. Persistenceand nontargeteffects of Ba- quiressometaxonomicknowledgeofthefocus cillus thuringiensisin soil: a review. Canadian Journal of group, usually enhanced by participation in a Forest Research 23: 2329-2342. Addison, J.A. 1996a. Safety of tebufenozide, a new concentrated course, e.g., The Ohio State Uni- molt-inducing insecticide, for forest soil invertebrates. versity Summer Program in Acarology Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 33: 55-61. (http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~acarolog Addison, J.A. 1996b. Harvesting and site preparation im- /sum2k1.htm),ortheparticipationofacompe- pactson soil microarthropods.pp.186-189In: C.R. Smith tentsystematisttosortthetaxa.Grantedthisap- and G.W Crook (compilers), Advancing Boreal proachislimited,asitpreventsextractionofin- Mixedwood Management in Ontario- Proceedings. 17-18 October 1995, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. NRCan, formation on species biology from the litera- CFS- Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. ture,andlimitscomparisonswithotherstudies Addison, J.A. and S.B. Holmes. 1995. Effect of two unlessthespecimensfromtheotherstudyhave commerical formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis beensimilarlytreatedbythesamesystematist. subsp. kurstaki (Dipel 8L and Dipel 8AF) on the collem- However,itistheapproachusedinanumberof bolan species Folsomia candida in a soil microcosm study. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 55: 771-778. studies on soil arthropods, such as those of Addison, J.A., V.G. Marshall, and J.A. Trofymow. 1998. Newfoundland forests (Dwyer et al. 1997, Soil microarthropod abundance and species richness in 1998), INCO mine tailings (St. John et al. successional Douglas-fir forests. Northwest Science 72 2001),andongoingstudiesonsoilbiodiversity (Special Issue No. 2): 96-97. in rangeland (J. Clapperton pers. comm.). Ball, G. and H.V. Danks. 1993. Systematics and Entomol- ogy: diversity, distribution, adaptation, and application. – Taxaaresortedasaboveandinadditiontospec- Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 165. imen vouchers, digital vouchers are prepared 272 pp. for internet availability, usually linked to a Balogh, J. and P. Balogh. 1992. The oribatid mites genera of biodiversity assessment database such as the world. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Buda- BIOTA (Colwell 1997). These images can in pest. Vol. I: 263 pp. Vol. II: 375 pp. turnbecomparedwithanonlinedatabaseofim- Bardgett, R.D., J.M. Anderson, V.M. Behan-Pelletier, L. Brussard, D.C. Coleman, C. Ettema, A. Moldenke, and agesandinformation.Thisapproachisalready D.H.Wall.2001.Theinfluenceof soilbiodiversityon hy- used by the BIOTracker drological pathways and the transfer of materials be- (http://biotrack.mq.edu.au/staf_f.htm) ser- tween terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Ecosystems in vice in Australia, and digital vouchers of press. 54 Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods)

Battigelli, J.P., S.M. Berch, and V.G. Marshall 1994. Soil Chagnon, M., D. Paré, and C. Hébert. 2000b. Relationships fauna communities in two distinct but adjacent forest between soil chemistry, microbial biomass and the col- types on northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia. lembolan fauna of southern Quebec sugar maple stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24: 1557-1566. EcoScience 7: 307-316. Behan-Pelletier,V.M. 1993a. Diversityof soil arthropodsin Chagnon, M., D. Paré, C. Hébert, and C. Camiré. 2001. Ef- Canada:systematicand ecologicalproblems.Memoirsof fects of experimental liming on collembolan communi- the Entomological Society of Canada 165. 11-50. ties and soil microbial biomass in a southern Quebec Behan-Pelletier,V.M.1993b.Eremaeidae(Acari:) sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stand. Applied of North America. Memoirs of the Entomological Soci- Soil Ecology 17: 81-90. ety of Canada 168. 193 pp. Colloff, M.J. 1993. A taxonomic revision of the oribatid Behan-Pelletier, V.M. 1994. Mycobates (Acari: Oribatida: mite genus Camisia (Acari: Oribatida). Journal of Natu- Mycobatidae)of NorthAmerica.CanadianEntomologist ral History 27: 1325-1408. 126: 1301-1361. Colwell R. 1997. Biota: The Biodiversity Database Man- Behan-Pelletier, V.M. 1995. Project update: arthropod ager. Sinauer Associates. http://vice- fauna of soils. Newsletter of the Biological Survey of roy.eeb.uconn.edu/biota. Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) 14: 42-43. Cortet, J. and N. Poinsot-Balaguer.2000. Impact de produits Behan-Pelletier,V.M. 1997. Oribatid mites (Acari: phytopharmaceutiques sur les microarthropodes du sol Oribatida) of the Yukon. pp. 115-149 in H.V. Danks and en culture de maïs irrigué : approche fonctionelle par la J.A. Downes (Eds.), Insects of the Yukon. Biological méthode des sacs de litière. Canadian Journal of Soil Sci- Survey of Canada Monograph Series No. 2. ence 80: 237-249. Behan-Pelletier, V.M. 2000. Ceratozetidae (Acari: Danks, H.V. and J.A. Downes (Eds.). 1997. Insects of the Oribatida) of arboreal habitats. Canadian Entomologist Yukon. Biological Survey of Canada Monograph Series 132: 153-182. No. 2., Ottawa. 1034 pp. Behan-Pelletier, V.M. and B. Bissett. 1992. Biodiversity of Danks, H.V. and N.N. Winchester. 2000. Terrestrial arthro- nearctic soil arthropods. Canadian Biodiversity 2:5-14. pod biodiversity projects - building a factual foundation. Biological Survey Of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) Behan-Pelletier,V.M. and B. Bissett. 1994. Oribatidaof Ca- Document Series No. 7. 38 pp. nadian peatlands. Memoirs of the EntomologicalSociety of Canada 169: 73-88. Dindal, D.L. (Ed.). 1990. Soil Biology Guide. Wiley & Sons, NY. 1349 pp. Behan-Pelletier, V.M., M. Clayton and L. Humble. 2001. Parapirnodus(Acari: Oribatida:Scheloribatidae)of can- Dwyer,E., D.J. Larson,and I.D. Thompson.1997. Oribatida opy habitats in western Canada. Acarologia in press (Acari) in balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.)] forests of western Newfoundland. Canadian Entomologist 129: Behan-Pelletier, V. and D.E. Walter. 2000 Biodiversity of 151-170. oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) in tree-canopies and lit- ter. pp. 187-202 in D.C. Coleman and P. Hendrix (Eds.), Dwyer, E., D.J. Larson and I.D. Thompson. 1998. Oribatid Invertebrates as Webmasters. CABI Publication. mite communitiesof old balsamfir (Aibes balsamea(L.)) forests of western Newfoundland,Canada. Pedobiologia Behan-Pelletier,V.M. and N.N. Winchester. 1998 Arboreal 42: 331-347. oribatid mites diversity: colonizing the canopy. Applied Soil Ecology 9:45-51. Fagan, L.L. and N.N. Winchester. 1999. Arboreal arthro- pods: diversity and rates of colonization in a temperate Bennett, R. 1999. Canadian Spider Diversity and Systemat- montane forest. Selbyana 20: 171-178. ics. Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Ter- restrial Arthropods) 18: 16-27. (http://www.biol- Ferguson, S.H. 2001. Changes in trophic abundance of soil ogy.ualberta.ca/esc.hp/bsc/news18_1/spider.htm) arthropodsalong a grass-shrub-forestgradient. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79: 457-464. Brussard, L., V.M. Behan-Pelletier, D.E. Bignell, V.K. Brown, W. Didden, P. Folgarait, C. Fragoso, D. Wall Fjellberg, A. 1992. (Mucrella) arborea Freckman, V.V.S.R. Gupta, T. Hattori, D.L. sp.nov., a tree-climbing species of Collembola Hawksworth, C. Klopatek, P. Lavelle, D.W. Malloch, J. (Hypogastruridae) from Vancouver Island, British Co- Rusek, B. Soderstrom, J.M. Tiedje, and R.A. Virginia. lumbia. Canadian Entomologist 124: 405-407. 1997. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in soil. Finnamore, A.T. 1996. The SAGE Project: Sampling proto- Ambio 26: 563-570. cols for microarthropods. EMAN and Partners Publica- Cárcamo,H.A., T.A. Abe, C.E. Prescott, F.B. Holl, and C.P. tions. http://www.cciw.ca/eman-temp/reports/publica- Chanway. 2000. Influence of millipedes on litter decom- tions/sage/intro.htm position,N mineralization,and microbialcommunitiesin Finnamore,A.T. and S.A. Marshall (Eds.). 1994. Terrestrial a coastal forest in British Columbia, Canada. Canadian arthropods of peatlands with particular reference to Can- Journal of Forest Research 30: 817-826. ada. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada Chagnon, M., C. Hébert, and D. Paré. 2000a. Community 169: 289 pp. structuresof Collembolain sugar maple forests: relations Finnamore, A.T., N.N. Winchester, and V.M. to humus type and seasonal trends. Pedobiologia 44: Behan-Pelletier. 1998. Protocols for Measuring 148-174. Biodiversity: Arthropod Monitoring in Terrestrial Eco- Vol. 20, No. 2 55

systems.BiodiversityScienceBoardof Canada,Ecologi- Maraun, M., S. Visser, and S. Scheu. 1998. Oribatid mites cal Monitoring and Assessment Network, Burlington, enhance the recovery of the microbial community after a Ontario. strong disturbance. Applied Soil Ecology 9: 175-181. Fons, J. and K. Klinka. 1998. Temporal variations of forest Marshall, SA, R.S. Anderson, R.E. Roughley, V. floor properties in the coastal western hemlock zone of Behan-Pelletier, and H.V. Danks. 1994. Terrestrial ar- southern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest thropodbiodiversity:planninga study and recommended Research 28: 582-590. samplingtechniques.Bulletinof the EntomologicalSoci- Fox, C.A. 1998. Soil characterization of continuous tomato ety of Canada 26(1), Suppl. 33 pp. http://www.biol- and wheat-soybean-tomato crop rotation at Leamington ogy.ualberta.ca/esc.hp/bsc/briefs/brterrestrial.htm site. pp. 115-126, ref 139-140 in R.W. Johnston (Ed.), Marshall, V.G., D.K. McE. Kevan, J.V. Matthews Jr., and Crop rotations and cover crop effects on processing to- A.D. Tomlin. 1982. Status and research needs of Cana- mato yield, soil erosion and soil properties Southwestern dian arthropods. A brief prepared by the Biological Sur- Ontario. Research Sub-Program Canada-Ontario Agri- vey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods). Bulletin of the culture Green Plan, COESA Report No.: Entomological Society of Canada 14(1), Suppl. 5 pp. RES/FARM-007/97. 148 pp. McLean, M.A. 1998. Impacts of the epigeic earthworm Fox, C.A., E.J.A. Fonseca, J.J. Miller, and A.D. Tomlin. Dendrobaena octaedra on oribatid mite community di- 1999. The influence of row position and selected soil at- versity and microarthropod abundances in pine forest tributeson Acarinaand Collembolain no-tilland conven- floor: a mesocosm study. Applied Soil Ecology 7: tional continuous corn on a clay loam soil. Applied Soil 125-136. Ecology 13:1-8. Neave, P. and C.A. Fox. 1998. Response of soil inverte- Freckman, D. 1994. Life in the Soil. Soil Biodiversity: its brates to reduced tillage systems established on a clay importance to ecosystem processes. Report of a Work- loam soil. Applied Soil Ecology 9: 423-428. shopHeldat The NaturalHistoryMuseum,London,Eng- Niedba³a, W. 1992. Phthiracaroidea (Acari, Oribatida) sys- land. August 30-September 1, 1994. tematic studies. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 612 pp. Janssens, F. 2001. Checklist of Collembola and Collembola Paquin, P. and D. Coderre. 1997a. Changes in soil Key2000 Project. macroarthropod communities in relation to forest matu- Kaneko, N., M.A. McLean, and D. Parkinson. 1998. Do ration through three successional stages in the Canadian mites and Collembola affect pine litter fungal biomass boreal forest. Oecologia (Berlin) 112: 104-111 and microbial respiration. Applied Soil Ecology Paquin,P. and D. Coderre.1997b.Deforestationand fire im- 9:209-213. pact on edaphic insect larvae and other macroarthropods. Kevan, P.G., B.C. Forbes, S.M. Kevan and V.M. Environmental Entomology 26: 21-30. Behan-Pelletier.1995. Vehicle tracks on high Arctic tun- Puvanendran, D.C., D.J. Larson and I.D. Thompson. 1997. dra: their effects on the soil, vegetation, and soil arthro- Collembola (Arthropoda) of Balsam fir (Abies balsamea pods. Journal of Applied Ecology. 32: 655-667. (L.)) forests of western Newfoundland. Canadian Ento- Klironomos, J.N. and M. Hart. 2001. nitrogen swap mologist 129: 505-517. for plant carbon. Nature 410: 652. Reeves, R.M. and V. Behan-Pelletier. 1998. The genus Klironomos, J.N. and W.B. Kendrick. 1995. Stimulative ef- (Acari: Oribatida: ) of North fects of arthropodson endomycorrhizasof sugarmaplein America, with descriptions of new western species. Ca- the presence of decaying litter. Functional Ecology 9: nadian Journal of Zoology 76: 1898-1921. 528-536. SCOPE, 2001. Klironomos, J.N. and P. Moutoglis. 1999. Colonization of http://www.nrel.colostate.edu/soil/SCOPE/scope.html. nonmycorrhizal plants by mycorrhizal neighbours as in- SCOPE publications relevant to soil biodiversity: fluenced by the collembolan,Folsomiacandida. Biology http://www.icsu-scope.org/projects/soilsed.htm. and Fertility of Soils 29: 277-281. Scudder, G.G.E. 1994. An annotated systematic list of the Klironomos, J.N. and M. Ursic. 1998. Density-dependent potentiallyrare and endangeredfreshwaterand terrestrial grazing on the extraradical hyphal network of the invertebrates in British Columbia. Entomological Soci- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices,by ety of British Columbia Occasional Paper 2. 92 pp. the collembolan, Folsomia candida. Biology and Fertil- Scudder, G.G.E. 2000. Arthropod species at risk and live- ity of Soils 26:250-253. stock grazing in the South Okanagan of British Colum- Klironomos,J.N., P. Widden, and I. Deslandes. 1992. Feed- bia. Newsletter, Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands 6: ing preferences of the collembolan Folsomia candida in 15-20. relation to microfungal succession on decaying litter. Setäla, H., V.G. Marshall and J.A. Trofymow. 1995. Influ- Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24: 685-692. ence of micro- and macro-habitatfactors on collembolan Kosztarab, M. and C.W. Schaefer. 1990. Systematics of the communitiesin Douglas-fir stumps during forest succes- North American insects and : status and needs. sion. Applied Soil Ecology 2: 227-242. Virginia Agricultural Experimental Station, Information Setäla, H., V.G. Marshall, and J.A. Trofymow. 1996. Influ- Series 90-1: 247pp. ence of body size of soil fauna on litter decomposition 56 Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods)

and 15N uptake by poplar in a pot trial. Soil Biology and Tomlin, A.D., C.M. Tu, and J.J. Miller. 1995. Response of Biochemistry 28: 1661-1675. earthworms and soil biota to agricultural practices in Shorthouse, J.D. and G. Bagatto 1995. Diversity of carabid corn, soybean and cereal rotation. Acta Zoologica ground beetles as bioindicators of mine tailings restora- Fennica. 196: 195-199. tion. Report for Inco Ltd., Dec. 1995. Wall,D. (Ed.).1999.BioScience,February1999,SpecialIs- Smiley, R. L. 1992. The predatory mite family Cunaxidae sue, with six articles written by participants of the 1997 (Acari)of the worldwith a new classification.IndiraPub- AAAS symposium“Global Biodiversity:Is it in the Mud lishing House, West Bloomfield, Michigan. 356pp. and Dirt” and the First International Workshop of the SSBEF Committee in Wageningen, Netherlands, 1997, Smith, I.M., E.E. Lindquist, and V. Behan-Pelletier. 1996. addressing the status of biodiversity in soils and sedi- Mites (Acari). in: I.M. Smith (Ed.), Assessment of Spe- ments and future directions. cies Diversity in the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone . Eco- logical Monitoring and Assessment Network. EMAN Wall Freckman, D.H., T.H. Blackburn, L. Brussaard, P. and Partners Publications. Hutchings, M.A. Palmer, and P.R. Snelgrove. 1997. Linking biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of soils Smith, I.M., E.E. Lindquist, and V. Behan-Pelletier. 1999 and sediments. Ambio 26: 556-562. Mites (Acari). in: I.M. Smith (Ed.), Assessment of spe- cies diversity in the Montane Cordillera Ecozone. Eco- Winchester, N.N. 1997. Canopy arthropods of coastal Sitka logical Monitoring and Assessment Network. spruce trees on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, EMAN and Partners Publications. Canada. In: Stork, N.E. Adis, J. and Didham, R.K. (eds.) http://www.eman-rese.ca/eman/reports/publica- Canopy Arthropods. Chapman & Hall, London, pp. tions/99_montane/ 151-168. Spence, J. (Ed.). 1986. Faunal influences on soil structure. Winchester, N.N., V.M. Behan-Pelletier, and R.A. Ring. Quaestiones Entomologicae 21: 371.1-700 [1985]. 2000. Arboreal specificity, diversity and abundance of canopy-dwelling oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida). St. John, M. G., V.M. Behan-Pelletier, G. Bagatto, E.E. Pedobiologia. 43: 391-400. Lindquist, J.D. Shorthouse, and I. M. Smith. 2001. Soil formation and mite colonization of rehabilitated mine Young, I.M., E. Blanchart, C. Chenu, M. Dangerfield, C. tailings, Sudbury Canada. Poster presented at Soil Ecol- Fragoso, M. Grimaldo, J. Ingram, and L.J. Monrozie. ogy Society Conference, Georgia, May 2001. 1998.The interactionof soil biotaand soil structureunder http://res2.agr.ca/ecorc/staff/behan/poster01.pdf global change. Global Change Biology 4: 703-712. Therrien,F., M. Chagnon,and C. Hébert.1999. Biodiversity Zacharda, M. 1997. New taxa of Rhagidiidae (Acari: of Collembola in sugar maple (Aceraceae) forests. Cana- ) from North America. Part V. Genus dian Entomologist 131: 613-628. Robustocheles Zacharda, with a key to world species of the genus. Journal of Natural History 31: 1075-1103. Vol. 20, No. 2 57

Table 1: Recent knowledge on systematics, distribution and ecology of Acari and Collembola in Canada (based on additions to the literature since Behan-Pelletier 1993a).

COLLEMBOLA

TAXONOMY Newspecies BC (Fjellberg 1992); Diagnoses for species from sugar ma - ple (Therrien et al. 1999)

CHOROLOGY Sugar maple forest (Chagnon et al. 2000a); Douglas fir BC (Addison et al. 1998); Western hemlock BC (Fons & Klinka 1998); west coast forests (Battigelli et al. 1994); Balsam fir NF (Puvanendran et al. 1997)

ECOLOGY Environmental impact: Experimental liming (Chagnon et al. 2001), Agricul- ture (Neave & Fox 1998; Fox 1998; Fox et al. 1999; Tomlin et al. 1995); Phytopharmaceuticals (Cortet & Poinsot-Balaguer 2000); Earthworms (McLean 1998); Bacillus thuringiensis (Addison 1993; Addison & Holmes 1995); Insecticides (Addison 1996a); Harvesting (Addison 1996b) Succession in tree stumps (Setäla et al. 1995) Feeding habits (Klironomos et al. 1992) Interactions with plants (Klironomos & Hart 2001) Interactions in soil (Setäla et al. 1996; Kaneko et al. 1998; Chagnon et al. 2000b) Interactions with mycorrhiza (Klironomos & Kendrick 1995; Klironomos & Ursic 1998; Klironomos & Moutoglis 1999) Trophic abundance (Ferguson 2001)

ACARI

TAXONOMY Key to families and genera (Balogh & Balogh 1992; Niedba»a 1992; Colloff 1993; Dindal 1990; Behan-Pelletier 1993b, 1994, 2000, Behan-Pelletier et al. 2001; Reeves & Behan-Pelletier 1998; Smiley 1992; Zacharda 1997)

CHOROLOGY Mixedwood Plains Ecozone (Smith et al. 1996); Montane Cordillera Ecozone (Smith et al. 1999); Peatlands (Behan-Pelletier & Bissett 1994); Yukon (Behan-Pelletier 1997); Conifer canopies, BC (Fagan & Winchester 1999; Winchester 1997; Behan-Pelletier & Winchester 1998; Winchester et al. 2000); Douglas fir BC (Addison et al. 1998); Western hemlock BC (Fons & Klinka 1998); west coast forests (Battigelli et al. 1994); British Co- lumbia (Scudder 1994); Balsam fir NF (Dwyer et al. 1997, 1998)

ECOLOGY Environmental impact: Compression (Kevan et al. 1995); Agriculture (Neave & Fox 1998; Fox 1998; Fox et al. 1999; Tomlin et al. 1995); Phytopharmaceuticals (Cortet & Poinsot-Balaguer 2000); Earthworms (McLean 1998); Bacillus thuringiensis (Addison 1993); Insecticides (Addi- son 1996a); Harvesting (Addison 1996b) Interactions in soil (Setäla et al. 1996; Maraun et al. 1998; Kaneko et al. 1998) Interactions with mycorrhiza (Klironomos & Kendrick 1995) Trophic abundance (Ferguson 2001) 58 Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods)

The Quiz Page — test your knowledge of Canada and its fauna —

1. What feature of entomological relevance do the following sites have in common: Cape Thompson, Alaska Clyde Inlet, Baffin Island, Nunavut Fort McPherson, N.W.T. Hazen Camp, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut Isachsen, Ellef Ringnes Island, Nunavut Ross River, Yukon Territory Summit Lake, Alaska Umiat, Alaska

2. Name the developmental stages of typical mites (cf. the sequence of egg, larva, pupa, adult for endopterygote insects).

3. Name four microhabitats in Canada that can have populations of a single insect 2 species in excess of 100,000 individuals per m .

4. Give the names of ten families of Diptera that occur in Canada and begin with the letter C.

5. What is the normal Canadian host of the following parasitic arthropods? a) The fly Hypoderma tarandi? b) The Megabothris groenlandicus c) The tick Dermacentor albipictus d) The chewing Strigiphilus ceblebrachys e) The sucking louse Echinopthirius horridus.

[Answers on p. 66]

Correction: The elevation of Calgary given in the answer to Question 1 in the last Quiz Page should have read 1045 meters above mean sea level. Information for various weather stations was used as a source, with an incorrect elevation for that city. Vol. 20, No. 2 59

Arctic Corner

News about studies of arctic insects

Introduction rctic Corner provides a forum for news of particular arctic interest, replacing the Biological Sur- Avey's newsletter Arctic Insect News (1990-2000). As if to validate the decision to discontinue that separate newsletter, contributions about Canadian arctic entomology for Arctic Corner have been hard to come by. Such contributions of course are always welcomed by the Editor (see inside front cover).

University of the Arctic Launched Encyclopedia of the Arctic After four years of planning by northern The Encyclopedia of the Arcticis institutions in eight arctic states, the Official planned for publication in the spring of 2003. launch of the University of the Arctic took place The two large-format volumes, edited by Mark June 12, in Rovaniemi, Finland. This marks the Nuttall of the University of Aberdeen and pub- beginning of UArctic’s formal governance lished by Fitzroy Dearborn, will contain 1200 structure and its initial slate of academic pro- entries on a diverse range of factors influencing gramming. Elements of Uarctic’s core educa- the Arctic including entries on insects, insect tion programs, the Bachelor of Circumpolar larvae and mosquitoes. Studies, The Arctic Learning Environment, and the Circumpolar Mobility Program will be pi- Further information on the project can loted in the upcoming academic year. be found at http://www.fitzroy- dearborn.com/london/arctic.htm The University of the Arctic (Uarctic) is an independent, international initiative – a co- operating network of universities, collections and other organizations concerned with higher education and research. Canadian members of UArctic include the Arctic Athabascan Council, Recent Canadian publications: the Association of Canadian Universities for Brodo, F. 2000. The insects, mites, and spiders Northern Studies (ACUNS), Athabasca Univer- of Hot Weather Creek, Ellesmere Island, sity, the University of Northern B.C. and Yukon Nunavut. pp. 145-173 in M. Garneau and College. B.T. Alt (Eds.), Environmental response to Contact information: climate change in the Canadian High Arctic. University of the Arctic Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 529. Circumpolar Coordination Office 401 pp. Arctic Centre – University of Lapland Danks, H.V. 2000. Insect cold hardiness: A Ca- Box 122, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland nadian perspective. CryoLetters 21: Tel +358 16 341 341, Fax: +358 16 341 2777 297-308. [email protected] / www.uarctic.org

Arctic Corner 60 Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods)

Selected Publications Associated with the Biological Survey

Arthropod ectoparasites of 1991. T.D. Galloway and H.V. Free of charge on request from vertebrates in Canada. A Danks. Bull. ent. Soc. Can. the Survey; brief 23(1), Suppl. 11 pp. full text at http://www.biol- ogy.ualberta.ca/esc.hp/bsc/brie fs/brarthro.htm

Arthropods of springs, 1991. D.D. Williams and H.V. $21 (includes shipping) from with particular reference to Danks (Eds.). Mem. ent. Soc. Entomological Society of Canada Can. 155. 217 pp. Canada*

The importance of research 1991. G.B. Wiggins et al. Bull. Free of charge on request from collections of terrestrial ent. Soc. Can. 23(2), Suppl. 16 p. the Survey; arthropods. A brief full text at http://www.biol- ogy.ualberta.ca/esc.hp/bsc/brie fs/brimportance.htm

Winter habitats and 1991. H.V. Danks. pp. 231-259 Book available through ecological adaptations for in R.E. Lee and D.L. Denlinger booksellers winter survival (Eds.), Insects at Low Tempera- ture. Chapman and Hall, New York. 513 pp.

Life cycle pathways and 1991. H.V. Danks. Can. Ent. Copies available on request the analysis of complex life 123(1-2): 23-40. from author cycles in insects

Museum collections: 1991. H.V. Danks. Collection Reprints available on request fundamental values and Forum 7(2): 95-111. from author modern problems

Long life cycles in insects 1992. H.V. Danks. Can. Ent. Reprints available on request 124(1): 167-187. from author

Biodiversity and insect 1992. S.A. Marshall. Canadian Available from author collections Biodiversity 2(2): 16-22.

Arctic insects as indicators 1992. H.V. Danks. Arctic 45(2): Reprints available on request of environmental change 159-166. from author Vol. 20, No. 2 61

Biodiversity of nearctic 1992. V.M. Behan-Pelletier and Available from author soil arthropods B. Bissett. Canadian Biodiversity 2(3): 5-14.

The biodiversity crisis, a 1993. H.V. Danks. Association national initiative: the Bio- of Systematics Collections logical Survey of Canada Newsletter 21(2): 17-23. (Terrestrial Arthropods)

Systematics and entomol- 1993. G.E. Ball and H.V. Danks $25 (includes shipping) from ogy: diversity, distribution, (Eds.). Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 165. Entomological Society of adaptation and application 272 pp. Canada

Environmental 1993. G.E. Ball. Alternatives lip-synching in Canada 20(1): 21.

Seasonal adaptations in 1993. H.V. Danks. pp. 54-66 in Copies of English version insects from the high arctic M. Takeda and S. Tanaka (Eds.), available on request from [Seasonal adaptation and author diapause in insects]. Bun-ichi-Sogo Publ., Ltd., Tokyo. (In Japanese).

La diversité des espèces 1994. H.V. Danks. Revue Tirés-à-part disponibles sur d*insectes du Québec, vues d*entomologie du Québec 37 demande. dans une perspective [1992]: 46-51. nord-américaine

Regional diversity of 1994. H.V. Danks. American Reprints available on request insects in North America Entomologist 40(1): 50-55. from author

Terrestrial arthropod 1994. S.A. Marshall, R.S.Ander- Copies available on request biodiversity: planning a son, R.E. Roughley, V. from the Survey; study and recommended Behan-Pelletier and H.V. Danks. full text at http://www.biol- sampling techniques. A Bull. ent. Soc. Can. 26(1), Suppl. ogy.ualberta.ca/esc.hp/bsc/brie brief 33 pp. fs/brterrestrial.htm

Terrestrial arthropods of 1994. A.T. Finnamore and S.A. $32 (includes shipping) from peatlands, with particular Marshall (Eds.). Mem. ent. Soc. Entomological Society of Can- reference to Canada Can. 169. 289 pp. ada*

Insect Life-cycle Polymor- 1994. H.V. Danks (Ed.). Series $195 U.S. Available from phism: Theory, Evolution Entomologica 52. Kluwer Kluwer Academic Publ. and Ecological Conse- Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Group, P.O. Box 358, Accord quences for Seaonality and Netherlands. 376 pp. Station, Hingham, MS Diapause Control 02018-0358 62 Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods)

Insect cold-hardiness: 1994. H.V. Danks, O. Kukal and Reprints available on request insights from the Arctic. R.A. Ring. Arctic 47(4): from author 391-404.

Regional diversity of 1995. H.V. Danks. J. ent. Soc. Reprints available on request insects in the Pacific Br. Columb. 92: 57-71. frm author Northwest

The advantages of using 1996. A.T. Finnamore. 11 pp. Limited number of copies arthropods in ecosystem available upon request from the management. A brief from Survey; full text at: the Biological Survey of http://www.biol- Canada (Terrestrial ogy.ualberta.ca/esc.hp/bsc/brie Arthropods) fs/bradvantages.htm

The SAGE Project. A 1996. A.T. Finnamore (Ed.) Available on the Internet at workshop report on terres- http://www.cciw.ca/eman-tem trial arthropod sampling p/reports/publica- protocols for graminoid tions/sage/intro.html ecosystems

How to assess insect 1996. H.V. Danks. Biological Copies available on request biodiversity without wast- Survey of Canada Document (Abridged version in Global ing your time. A brief. Series No. 5. 20 pp. Biodiversity (1997) (version française dans La biodiversité mondiale (1997))

The wider integration of 1996. H.V. Danks. European Reprints available on request studies on insect Journal of Entomology 93(3): from author cold-hardiness 383-403.

Annotated List of Workers 1997. H.V. Danks and S. Goods. Free of charge on request from on Systematics and Third edition, 1996. Biological the Survey Faunistics of Canadian Survey of Canada Document Insects and Certain Related series No. 6. 119 pp. Groups

Insects of the Yukon 1997. H.V. Danks and J.A. $95 (includes shipping) from Downes (Eds.). Biological Entomological Society of Can- Survey of Canada (Terrestrial ada* Arthropods), Ottawa. 1034 pp.

Arctic Insect News 2000. H.V. Danks (Ed.). No. 11. Free of charge on request 31 pp. (Annual issues 1–10 also avail- able) Vol. 19, No. 2 63

La dormance et les cycles 1999. H.V. Danks. Antennae See: biologiques 6(2): 5-8. http://www.seq.qc.ca

Life cycles in polar arthro- 1999. H.V. Danks. European Reprints available on request pods – flexible or pro- Journal of Entomology 96(2): grammed? 83-102.

The diversity and evolution 1999. H.V. Danks. Entomologi- Reprints available on request of insect life cycles cal Science 2 (4): 651-660. from author

Dehydration in dormant in- 2000. H.V. Danks. Journal of In- Reprints available on request sects sect Physiology 46(6): 837-852 from author

Terrestrial arthropod 2000. H.V. Danks and N.N. Win- Copies available on request biodiversity projects - chester. Biological Survey of from the Survey; building a factual founda- Canada Document Series No. 7. full text at http://www.biol- tion. A brief from the Bio- 38 pp. ogy.ualberta.ca/esc.hp/bsc/brie logical Survey of Canada fs/brbioprojects.htm (Terrestrial Arthropods).

Insect cold hardiness: A 2000. H.V. Danks. CryoLetters Reprints available on request Canadian perspective 21: 297-308 from author

Measuring and reporting 2000. Danks, H.V. European Reprints available on request life-cycle duration in in- Journal of Entomology 97(3): from author sects and arachnids 285-303

Newsletter, Arthropods of 2001. Danks, H.V. (Ed.). No. 7. Free of charge on request or see Canadian Grasslands 31 pp. http://www.biol- ogy.ualberta.ca/esc.hp/bsc/eng lish/newsletters.htm#grass- lands

Label data standards for 2001. T.A. Wheeler, J.T. Huber Copies available on request terrestrial arthropods. A and D.C. Currie. Biological Sur- from the Survey brief prepared by the Bio- vey of Canada Document Series logical Survey of Canada No. 8. 20 pp. (Terrestrial Arthropods)

*To order publications from the Entomological Society of Canada contact the Society at 393 Winston Ave. Ottawa, Ontario K2A 1Y8; tel.: 613-725-2619, fax: 613-725-9349; email: [email protected] [Orders from Canada pay the above-noted price in Canadian dollars; orders from other countries pay the above-noted price in U.S. dollars. Add 7% GST on all orders for Canada.] 64 Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods)

Selected Future Conferences

Organization Date Place Contact

Entomological Conferences

Entomological Society of 2001, 21-24 Niagara Falls, (with the Entomological Society of Canada Oct. ON Ontario) Dr. Cynthia Scott-Dupree, Dept. of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, On- tario N1G 2W1 [email protected]

2002 Winnipeg, MB (with the Entomological Society of Manitoba) Robert Lamb, Scientific Program Chair, [email protected]

Entomological Society of 2001, 9-12 San Diego, CA ESA, 9301 Annapolis Rd., America Dec. Lanham, MD 20706-3115; [email protected]

2002, 17-21 Fort Lauderdale, ESA, see above Nov. FL

5A Conference Internationale 2002, 14-18 Montréal, QC Dr. Daniel Coderre, Département Francophone d’Entomologie July des Sciences Biologiques, (CIFE) and Société Université du Québec à Montréal, d’entomologie du Québec C.P. 888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8 [email protected]

5th International Conference of 2002, 22-26 Beijing, China Chao-dong ZHU, Institute of Zool- Hymenopterists July ogy, Chinese Academy of Sci- ences, Beijing, Haidian, Zhongguancun Road 19#, P. R. China; [email protected] http://www.ioz.ac.cn/zcd/

XI International Congress of 2002, 8-13 Merida, Yucatan, [email protected]; Acarology Sept. Mexico http://www.ibiologia.unam.mx/xi_ic a/Congress.htm

5th International Congress of 2002, 29 Sept. Brisbane, http://www.uq.edu.au/entomol- Dipterology - 4 Oct. Australia ogy/dipterol/diptconf.html Vol. 20, No. 2 65

Organization Date Place Contact

VIIth European Congress of 2002, 7-13 Thessaloniki, Symposium Secretariat: Labo- Entomology Oct. Greece ratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, Aristotle Univer- sity of Thessaloniki, 540 06 Thessaloniki Greece; [email protected]

XXII International Congress 2004, Brisbane, Jim Cullen, CSIRO Entomol- of Entomology 15-20 Aug. Australia ogy, [email protected] Myron Zalucki, University of Queensland, Australia [email protected]

Collections / Museums / Systematics

Biodiversity Knowledge 2001, 4-12 Sydney, see Management Forum in- Nov. Australia http://plantnet.rbgsyd.gov.au/bi cludes Species 2000 Meet- oforum/index.html ing and 2001 Meeting of Taxonomic Data Working Group

Society for the Preservation 2002, 8-13 Montreal, Jean-Marc Gagnon, Canadian of Natural History Collec- May Quebec Museum of Nature, P.O. Box tions Annual Meeting 3443, Station D, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4; [email protected]

Natural Science Collections 2002, 7-9 Washington, Association of Systematics Alliance Annual Meeting June DC Collections, 1725 K Street, (formerly the Association of NW, Suite 601, Washington, Systematics Collections) DC 20006-1401; [email protected]

Other subjects (especially those relevant to Survey pro- jects)

Old-growth forests in Can- 2001, Sault Ste. http://ulern.on.ca/oldgrowthfor ada: A science perspective 15-19 Oct. Marie, ON est Bruce Pendrel, Natural Re- sources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, PO Box 4000, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7; [email protected] 66 Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods)

Answers to Faunal Quiz [see page 58]

1. All of these arctic and sub-arctic sites were visited for insect collecting by the Northern Insect Survey [during 1957 to 1961: Arctic Circular 14(4): 68-69].

2. Typical developmental stages of mites are egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and adult, although in some groups stages are added (e.g. another nymphal stage) or eliminated.

3. There are many examples of microhabitats that can have populations of a 2 single insect species in excess of 100,000 per m , though not necessarily over 2 an area as large as 1 m . For example: • Certain soils where some oribatid mites regularly reach very high populations. • Plant shoots with growing aphid colonies. • The mud of eutrophic ponds in which some species of chironomid larvae reach very large populations especially in early instars. • Birds with feather mites, which are locally abundant on the plumage. • Sites where dormant individuals aggregate in very large numbers for the winter or summer (e.g. some species of coccinellids). • Large insects attacked by small parasitoids with gregarious or polyembryonic larvae. • Leaves or flowers of some plants infested by phytophagous mites or by very small insects such as thrips. • Egg masses of some insects attacked by scelionid parasitoids. • Foodstuffs heavily infested by certain stored product pests, including certain mites and beetles.

4. Sixteen families of Diptera in Canada have names that begin with the letter C: Calliphoridae, Camillidae, Canaceidae, Carnidae, Cecidomyiidae, Ceratopogonidae, Chamaemyiidae, Chaoboridae, Chironomidae, Chloropidae, Chyromyidae, Clusiidae, Coelopidae, Conopidae, Culicidae, Curtonotidae

5. a) The warble fly Hypoderma tarandi normally attacks caribou. b) The flea Megabothris groenlandicus normally attacks lemmings. c) The tick Dermacentor albipictus is a parasite of moose, deer and other . d) The philopterid louse Strigiphilus ceblebrachys is a parasite of snowy owls. e) The echinopthiriid louse Echinopthirius horridus is a parasite of walruses. Vol. 20, No. 2 67

Quips and Quotes

The river of truth is always splitting up into arms which reunite. Islanded between them the inhabitants argue for a lifetime as to which is the mainstream. (Cyril Connolly)

Tell the truth and run. (Yugoslavian proverb)

On writing

Writing is easy. All you do is stare at a blank sheet of paper until drops of blood form on your forehead. (Gene Fowler)

Some editors are failed writers, but so are most writers. (T.S. Eliot)

I can write better than anybody who can write faster, and I can write faster than anybody who can write better. (A.J. Liebling)

There are three rules for writing a novel. Unfortunately, no one knows what they are. (W. Somerset Maugham)

No comment “Emblazoned in red across the cover of this book is “Reviewed by Carl W. Schaefer”. I did re- view the manuscript . . . But I did not expect the fact of my fairly routine review for the publisher to be trumpeted forth in red.” [disclaimer by Carl W. Schaefer in his review of Assassin Bugs (D.P. Ambrose) in Annals of the Entomological Society of America 94(2): 298.] 68 Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods)

Requests for Material or Information Invited

ould you like assistance in studying the fauna? W The Biological Survey of Canada encourages cooperation in taxonomic and ecological studies of the arthropod fauna. Please complete and return the form on the next page if you have a request for ma- terial or information that might be obtained elsewhere in Canada (compare the sample entries from a previous list of requests that are shown below). Requests should be made by the middle of January; the list of requests will appear in the Spring 2002 newsletter. Sample entries (addresses omitted):

Material Areas of Collecting Methods, Name of Requested Interest Notes Requester 1 Acari (free living Anywhere, but es- Berlese-Tullgren funnel extraction V.M. and parasitic ter- pecially subarctic from subaquatic substrates, from Behan-Pelletier; restrial and and arctic Can- grasses and sedges, and from bird E.E. Lindquist; aquatic mites) ada, Canadian and mammal nests, would be espe- I.M. Smith grasslands cially fruitful (preserve in 75% etha- nol +5% glycerine).

2 Adelgidae (conifer Anywhere Preserve insects and bark, needles R. Foottit woolly aphids) or galls in 70% ethanol. Specimen records and host plant records.

3 Aleyrodidae North America Preserve insects and host plant ma- R. Foottit (whiteflies) terial in 70% ethanol. Adults may be dried. Specimen records and host plant records. (Canadian National Collection deficient in all species, in- cluding pest species)

4 Anthomyzidae NewWorld Adults from any habitat, but often as - K.N. Barber sociated with graminoids. Preserva- tion in 70% ethanol preferred. Malaise and especially pan trap resi- dues are acceptable and valuable. General description of herbaceous cover and soil moisture advanta- geous.

5 Aphididae Anywhere Preserve in 70% ethanol. R. Foottit (aphids) Specimen records and host plant re- cords.

6 Asilidae North America Pinned adults R.A. Cannings (robber flies) Vol. 20, No. 2 69

Request for Cooperation

Please complete and return to:

Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) Canadian Museum of Nature P.O. Box 3443, Station “D” Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4 Email: [email protected]

Name: ______Tel. Number______Email: ______Fax: ______Address:______

Material required (specify taxon, region, habitat, or other details, as appropriate): ______

Information required (describe in reasonable detail): ______

Cooperation offered - if there is anything specific you might be able to supply in return (e.g. identifications, material) please indicate it here: ______