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OF FICIAL GUIDE

EIARVARD UNIVERSITY

EDITED B Y

THE HARVARD MEMORIAL SOCIETY

CAMBRIDGE " lbubl is b e b by the ( univ ersity 1 9 0 7 LIBRARYof OONME

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H T 1 0 C OPY RIG , 9 7

BY H‘ A R VA R D U N IV E R SITY PR E FATORY N OTE

T HE ﬁrst edition of thisGu ide was prepared and p u b

. lishe d for the m eeting of the A m e rl c a n Association for of C the Advancement Science in ambridge , in August ,

1 8 8 . . 9 It was edited by Mr Byron Satterlee Hurlbut , M A . . ( H . U . Secretary of the

Fac u lty of Arts and Sciences .

n e w The next year a edition , enlarged and with addi

tio na l . illustrations , was prepared by Mr William Garrott

A . M . Brown , . ( H . U Deputy Keeper of the Uni versity Archives , and was issued , with the permission of

’ o f II a rv a rd the President and Fellows College , by the

e Harvard Memorial Society . The obj ct of this Society ,

“ u 1 8 9 5 o which was fo nded in , is to foster am ng students interest in the historical associations of Harvard and to ” perpetuate the traditions of her past , and to it has been appropriately co m mitted the revision of this Guide and the preparation of successive editions .

1 9 03 . A new edition was issued in , prepared by Mr w V Brown ith the assistance of Mr . Albert . de Roode , 1 9 04 L of the Class of , and Mr . Charles Greely oring , 1 0 3 of the Class of 9 . iv

The present edition has been revised by Mr . Nathaniel

IVill ia m L . Jr . . C Nash , , and by Mr eavitt Stoddard , both of the Class o f 1 9 0 7 Secretary and Treasurer re spectively of th e Mem orial Society .

The Memorial Society is under obligations to m a ny person s for assistance rendered in the preparati o n of

— f ﬁ the Guide , especially to the o cers of the University who have written or revised the accounts of their several departments .

L WILLIAM COOLIDGE ANE ,

Pr e si d en t of th e Ha r v a r d Mem o ri a l S o c i e ty.

CAMBRIDGE ,

A u u st 1 9 0 . g , 7 IN TRODUCTION

THE UNIVERSITY

A R VARD UNIVERSITY is an institution o f l earn

ing established under the la w s of Massachusetts . It is made up of seventeen departme nts beside a number

e of museums , laboratories , and other establishm nts not

u n sually re cko ned as separate departme ts . It occupies a

n total area of more tha 500 acres . Most of the buildings

n the are in Cambridge and Bosto . The quick capital of t 3 1 1 9 0 6 Universi y July , , was The valu e of the lands and buildings devoted to e ducatio n and the ad v ancement of learnin g was estimated at about

l e twelve million dol ars . The enrolm nt of students in all 1 9 0 6—0 7 m departments in , including the Su mer S chool of 1 9 0 6 fﬁ , was The o cers of instruction and admin i stra tio n 64 1 numbered .

FOUNDATION

o 1 780 The title of University dates nly from the year , when the Massachu setts Constitution of that year referred “ ” d . 1 783 to the University at Cambri ge Until , when

u n t medical lect res were ﬁrst given , the i s itution was properly called Harvard College .

in 1 63 6 2 . . 1 63 6 Harvard College was founded Oct ,

u ( Old Style ) , the General Co rt , as the legislature of 2

Massachusetts Bay was called , passed the following vote ° “ The Court agree to give four H u ndred Pounds S cho o l o r Co ll e e towards a g , whereof two Hundred b e n Pounds shall paid the ext year , and Two Hundred

Pounds when the work is ﬁnished , and the next Court n to appoint where and what buildi g .

n V The governor who approved this vote was He ry ane ,

a s Va e afterwards , Sir Henry ne , much distinguish d in

n English history . The ext year the Court voted that the tt College should be at Newtowne , and commi ed the work

n e to twelve eminent men of the colony , amo g th m John

V n e Winthrop , who preceded and succeeded a e as gov rnor ,

he h e o . t t and John C tton The same year , name of town was changed to Cambridge , in honor of the English university where a number of the Colon ists had been 6 . 1 3 8 educated In , John Harvard , a n onconformist clergyman who had been in the colony about a year ,

260 o e dying at Charlestown , left his library of v lum s h t e . o and half his fortune , to infant college In his hon r h . 1 640 t e it was called Harvard College In the year ,

n e u n u u t e . ﬁrst Preside t , H nry D nster , e tered pon his d i s

e Two years lat r , the ﬁrst class , numbering nine , was graduated . CONSTITUTION

e The institution was thus founded , plac d , and named .

e e m Its constitution has been changed s v ral ti es , but two

u acts of the colonial legislat re , each establishing a gov erning board , have determined the general character of

u its government througho t its subsequent history . 1 642 The ﬁrst of these was passed in , and established s 1 650 a the Board of Over eers ; the second in , and est b 3 l ishe d a board ofﬁcially styled the President and Fellows

a of Harv rd College , but always more commonly known ” “ r as The Co poration . These two boards govern the entire University . The Board o f Overs e e rs was at ﬁrst made u p of the

o Governor , the Deputy Govern r , and the Magistrates of “ t the Colony , together wi h the teaching elders of the six — next adjoining towns , viz . , Cambridge , Watertown , ” t D o rc li e s te r Charles own , Boston , Roxbury , and , and the

e It c President of the Coll ge . ne essarily included all the most prominent and p o werful m e n of the P u ritan com m o n w e a lth e v e , and the Coll ge go rnment was therefore

nm t very like the gover en of Massachusetts Bay . But this body was soon found to be too large for the im m e di

o f l 1 650 e ate direction the schoo , and in the G neral Court dre w u p an instru m ent of great inte rest which now hangs ’ m in the Librarian s roo in Gore Hall . This document is “ the Charter of Harvard College . It is the veritable ” u a - so rce of collegi te authority to day , and the corpora

b i u tion it esta l shed is the oldest in the co ntry . The charter committe d the property and the govern

to d ment of the College seven persons a Presi ent , a

e Treasurer , and ﬁve Fellows , who were empow red to ﬁll

i i n m vacanc es their nu ber . They were to elect the teach ers and other ofﬁcers , and to make all laws and orders ,

e rm n v subj ct only to conﬁ atio by the O erseers . The records of the President a nd Fello ws, preserved in the archives of the University,are fairly continuous and com

l e te e h i p . They rev al wit what pat ence and wisdom , for

n r n two ce turies and a half , the p operty of the i stitution

a nd has been guarded , its activities expanded , its high

e e i t aims adher d to . The r s pons bili y of the Corporation 4 to the Overseers was somewhat lessened in 1 657 by an a f ppendix to the charter , to the ef ect that the acts of “ ” the smaller body should always have immediate force , ” a lthough they should still be alterable by the Over s eers .

the 1 684 In year , the colonial charter of Massachusetts

Bay was revoked , and it was generally held at the time that the College charte r was vacated by this act of the

w . cro n In consequence , the government of the College 1 69 1 was for years unsettled . In , a province charter

e was giv n to Massachusetts Bay , and the next year the

b u t General Court passed a new College charter , it was disallo w e d by the home government bec ause it did n o t

n g ive the King the right to appoi t visitors . No less than three other charters passed the General Court , the 1 70 0 t m last in , but none of he ever was conﬁrmed in

n 1 e . 70 7 England Fi ally , in , the Court simply vot d that

i c 1 650 the orig nal harter of was still in . force , and on that theory the College is still governed . While the constitution of the Corporation has remained u nchanged from the beginning , that of the Board of

Overseers has been greatly altered by successive statutes . In early times there was serious difﬁculty i n gettin g the m embers together . This led ﬁrst to the establishment of

e 1 657 the Corporation , and th n to a provision of the act of

the e c to ffect that , if noti e of a meeting should be given ” t o w n a d o Ini n members d elli g in the six next j g towns , votes passed at the meeting should be valid , whether

w l e those d el ing in remot r towns received notices or not .

e u d The constitution of the Stat of Massach setts , adopte

- 1 78 0 s G OV z in , changed the Overseer by substituting the e e L u no rn r , ie tenant Gover r , C ouncil , and Senate of the 5

n State for the Governor , Deputy Governor , and Cou cil “ ” of the Colony ; and deﬁned the teaching elders of ” the “ six towns as “ ministers of the Congregation al

Churches in those towns . m 1 8 1 0 The next i portant change came in the year . m The Council and Senate were eli inated from the Board ,

m e o the official me bership being reduc d to the G vernor , L the ieutenant Governor , and the presiding officers of the L two houses of the egislature . The body of the member ship was to consist of fifteen Co ngregational clergymen

th e e and ﬁfteen laymen , to be elected by Board its lf . e This law was repealed two years later , but re nacted

1 8 1 4 . w a in T enty years later , the Court voted th t the clerical members might be chosen from any denomina

e tion , the change to tak effect whenever the Corporation

and Overseers should agree to accept it . This they did 1 8 43 in , and the institution was thus freed from the

control of a particular denomination . An act of 1 851 struck out entirely the requirement that a portion of the membership should be chosen fro m the

n L clergy ; made the Gover or , the ieutenant Governor ,

e the presiding ofﬁcers of the two hous s , the Secretary

r t he of the Board of Education , and the P esident and ’ ea: o icz o Treasurer of the College , members ﬁ ; and entr u sted the election of the remaining members to

tw o u b the ho ses in joint convention assem led , a certain number to be chosen eve ry year and to go out of ofﬁce

e at the end of a term of y ars . 1 8 65 m In , the Board was divorced fro the State govern

a c t a e ment by an which , with some mendm nts , is still in ’ force . Bachelors of Arts of ﬁve years standing , Masters

and of Arts , the holders of honorary degrees were empowered to elect eve ry Commencement D ay ﬁve

o f members of the B ard , who should hold o ﬁce for six

r Pr the m yea s , the esident and the Treasurer for ti e being

‘ a: ic io a remaining me m be rs e o ﬁ . Candid tes for member

a ship n e e d not e ven reside in M ssachuse tts . The ele c

o a c a e ti ns are held in M ssa husetts H ll , and are conduct d “ ” m n e . 1 9 02 according to the Australia syst In , the General Cou rt empowere d the C o rp o ration and B o ard of

v f O erseers , by concurrent vote , to extend the su frage for O v erseers to the holde rs of o ther degrees tha n that of B i t A . . Under th s authority the suffrage was ex ended

c t e e c to Bachelors of S ience , Mas ers of Sci nc , Do tors of

a nd o Philosophy , Doctors of Science , the h lders of the s e veral degrees in applied science — all to be of ﬁve ’ in e n t . years s and g In other words , all degre s co ferred upon the recommendation of the Faculty of Arts and Scien ces eventually entitle their holders to vote fo r

Overseers .

h o T us , after many changes , the g vernment of the University is n o longer co nnected with either ch u rch or

t n a s ate , except that the Ge eral Court of M ssachusetts

o w e ho w necessarily retains the p wer to alter it, a po r , ever, whic h the Court does not seek to e xe rcise without

e h e the consent of the Univ rsity itself . It is t erefor true that neither state n o r church e xerc ises any control over

d the Harvar , though it was founded by state and long dominated by the church . THE DEPARTMENTS

Turning n o w to the immediate government of the Uni

e versity , we may consid r its departments as divided into those in which students are enrolled for instruction or research and degrees are conferred , and those scienti

ﬁ c o n a n d e c llectio s laboratori s , including the University L ibrary , which are accessory to instruction and research in the several branches of learning . The general plan on whic h the former departments are organized may be described as follows

The University aims to furnish , as a sound preparation

a l l the e for vocations of educat d men , an Opportunity for t liberal training in arts and sciences . This opportuni y is

e i giv n in Harvard College , to which students are adm tted by examinations based on courses of study such as are offered in good secondary schools . On this foundation of liberal training are based the Graduate or Professional Schools of the University ( with c ertain exceptions noted below) b u t for the purpose of admission to its Pro fe s sio n a l S c hools Harvard University regards graduation from any college o r scientiﬁc school of good standing as

e i sufﬁcient evidence of preparation . Thus the Univ rs ty has establish ed an important relationship with colle ges in

a n d a all parts of the country , has given certain support

t C o ll e e ' b to hose colleges , as well as to Harvard g , y set

’ ‘ ting up the bachelor s degree a s the means of access to f ‘ pro essional degrees at Harvard . The Graduate or Pro fessional Schools compri se : the

Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , the Graduate

S La w School of Applied cience , the Divinity School,the 8

the School , Medical School , the Dental School , and the

Bussey Institution ( a School of Agriculture) . The two departments last named are exceptions to the general

n rule , these being directly accessible to persons havi g the L training of se c ondary schools . The awrence Scientific School is an undergraduate department whic h gives special training in a number of scienti fic fields but it is expected that stude nts who aim at a professio n al degree in applied scie nce will more a n d m ore tend to seek a liberal undergraduate training in Harvard College , includ ing i n their work stu dies whi c h will prepare them for the professional training of the Graduate School of Applied

Science .

c i l tu n ts Sp e a S de . In every one of the above mentioned departments opportunities for Special study are open to

a re qualiﬁed persons who not candidates for a degree .

FACULTY o r ARTS AND SCIENCES L The administration of Harvard College , the awrence

a Scientiﬁc School , the Gradu te School of Arts and

n e Sciences , and the Graduate School of Applied Scie c is committed to the Faculty of Arts and Sciences , whose meetings are held in University Hall , the central building 1 9 0 6 in the College Yard . This Faculty numbered ( in

0 7 1 52 u ) , incl ding only those teachers whose appoint ments were without limit of time or for more than one

. th e year The schools under its control , including Summer School and the Saturday and Afternoon Courses

f c for Teachers , o fer courses of instru tion attended by nearly four thousand persons , and use in common most ,

r of the lectu e halls , laboratories , museums , libraries , and other collections in and about the College Yard in Cam 9

o f bridge . The College , the largest all the departments , has over two thou sand students ( 224 7 in 1 9 0 6 Degrees are conferred on recommendation of the f Faculty . The courses o fered in the College are elective , with certain limitations , and lead to the degree of

e Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Sci nce . The ordinary length of residence varies from three to four years

in o accord g to the previ us attainments of the student , or L the number of courses taken each year . In the awrence Scientific School four - year prescribed programmes are offered , leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in the several special fields . To properly qualified students

o in the Graduate Sch ol of Arts and Sciences , who fulﬁl d the requirements of work and residence , the egrees of D Master of Arts , Master of Science , octor of Philosophy , and Doctor of Science are offered ; and in the Graduate School of Applied Science the professional degrees appro prlate to the various ﬁelds of study ( civil , mechanical ,

a rc hite c and electrical engineering , mining , metallurgy ,

c ture , lands ape architecture , forestry , applied chemistry ,

l z o Ol o app ied geology, applied gy)

L Aw FACULTIES OF DIVINITY , , MEDICINE , AND AGRICULTURE

La w The Divinity School , the School , the Medical

School , the Dental School , and the Bussey Institution are administered by faculties separate from the Faculty of

Arts and Sciences . Both the Medical and Dental Schools

th e are under Faculty of Medicine . T he D iv in ity S cho o l has its buildings on Divinity f Avenue , in Cambridge . It o fers about ﬁfty courses of

e n instruction , covering the subjects studi d in denomi a 1 0

io n a l t schools but it is connected with no denomination , and its spirit of free and earnest inquiry a fter truth m akes it an integral part of the University . The students have many privileges of instruction in other departments of the University . ( See p .

T he L a w S cho o l u o occupies A stin Hall , on H lmes

ﬁeld , Cambridge , near the site of the house formerly owned by the Holmes family , to whose estate the land

ew L a n d e l l belonged . A n building , g Hall , back of — 1 9 0 6 0 7 . Austin Hall , was erected in The term of resi dence necessary to obtain the degree of Bachelor of L a ws

n is three years , and one but graduates of colleges of good standing are regularly adm itted as candidates for the

e degree . About forty separat courses of instruction are — d 1 9 0 6 0 7 6 9 7 . offere . The enrolment of students in was

e e ( S p . The Me dica l S cho o l occupies a magniﬁcent group of ﬁve white m arble buildings a t the corner of Huntington L A t and ongwood venues , in Boston , which were dedica ed

1 u in 9 0 6 . Its eq ipment for instruction and research in me dicine and the widening field of biological science is comprehensive and its e ffic i e fi c y will shortly be enhanced

n by the erection of several hospitals on adjace t land . Intimate relations are already sustained with the hospitals of Boston . The term of residence for the degree of

is o f Doctor of Medicine four years , the courses the

u fo rth year being elective . The enrolment of students — 1 9 0 6 0 7 3 20 1 9 2 . in was , exclusive of summer students

( See p . The D e nta l S cho o l occupies a building on North Grove h . n t e Street , Boston The term of residence leadi g to degree of Doctor of Dental Medicine is three years . The 1 1

o f c h courses of instruction , some whi h are given in t e

Medical School , cover about twenty principal subjects . 5 T he e nro lment in 1 9 0 6 was 6 . ( See p .

u sse In stitu ti o n l The B y , a school of agricu ture and

t i s b horticul ure , situated in Jamaica Plain , a subur of ’ Boston . A three years course of study and the passing of required ex aminations lead to the degre e of B achelor

n - of Agricultural Scie ce . Forty three students were e n

— e rolled in this school in 1 9 0 6 0 7 . Syst matic instruction

u is given in agric lture , in useful and ornamental garden ing , in surveying and construction in their relations to agriculture , and in chemistry , physics , and natural history as applied to this art . ( See p .

SUMMER COURSES o r INSTRUCTION Summer courses of instruction are offered by the

a n d i Faculty of Arts Sciences , the Faculty of Div nity , and the Faculty of Medicine ( including the Dental

t he School ) . The general aim of these courses is to keep facilities and resources of the University partially in

n service during the long vacatio , and to meet the gen e ral

n u dema d for O pportunities of summer work . Tho gh the session is not c o Ordi na te d with the other sessions of the

n University , work do e in the summer courses may some times b e counted toward a degree .

OTHER DEPARTMENTS

The rem ain ing departments of the University do n o t offer regular courses of in struc tion leading to degrees ; b u t they are all intimately associated with the work of teaching and are of incalculable value to the various schools which have been enumerated . 1 2

The Un iv e rs ity L ibra ry is justly d e scribed as the very centre of the working life of the whole University . Its

c n e o L prin i pal stre gth is in Gor Hall , the C llege ibrary , but twenty - eight Special re ference libraries are a dm ini s t e re d c th e L in onnection with College ibrary , and ten other larger departm ental libraries are under the general

L . oversight of the ibrary Council ( See p .

T he n iv ersi t Mu se u m h T he Pea bo d U y , with w ich y Mu seu m of Am er ic a n A rcha eo l o gy a n d E thn o lo gy and

T he Mu se u m o Co m a r a tiv e Zo bl o f p gy are connected , is

e of daily use to stud nts in various scientiﬁc courses , many of which c ould not be given adequately without its

T he Bo ta n ic Ga r de n G ra Her collections ( p . and y

r i r T he Astro n m i ba u m a e also in Cambridge ( p . o ca l Observ a to r y has its principal station in Cambridge , where the bulk of its work is done ; but it maintains another station at Arequipa , Peru , and the Blue Hill

e c o O e ra te s M teorological O bservatory p with it ( p .

T he A rno ld A r bo retu m , with its Herbarium and Museum is in Jamaica Plain ( p .

MINOR ESTABLISHMENTS

m n o n The useums , laboratories , etc . , t recko ed as sep arate departments , though some of them have separate buildings , need not be enumerated here . They are all described in the pages which follow .

1 4

the e had in mind English univ rsities , and Cambridge

especially , when they set about their task . Many of

e them were Cambridg men ; and the ﬁrst building , rude

- t and ill built as it was , had mu ch tha was suggestive of ” “ e a Hall in an English univ rsity . We do not certainly

know where it stood , though it is thought to have stood

near the site of Grays Hall , but the early records show

that it was a home as well as a place of study . There ” e w re in it chambers , studies , a kitchen , and a buttery ;

“ ” ‘ and on top there was a turret . We even know the cost of the variou s items purchased in ﬁt ting u p the “ ” several studies . Here , for example , is the account ,

the taken from the ﬁrst College Book , for study occupied

e n 2 by Georg Downi g of the Class of 1 64 . In the entry ” h e is called Sir Downi n g because he was a graduate t when the account was made ; later , he wen into the

e English diplomatic s rvice , was knighted , and won for

n himself an emine ce not very admirable , for he was r - eputed a miser and a turn coat .

SIR D OWNINGS ST UDY l b 5 d

Im p r . F o r b o a rd s 272 f o o te O 1 6 3 o b . q . ]

It . T e n d a y e s w o rke a t a da y 0 1 9 3

e ’ It . F o r y S m ithe s w e rk e 0 6 1 1

I t . F o r gl a sse 0 2 1

It . F o r n a l e s l o c e k 0 3 y , k e y l b

m l . Su a to ta i s 2 7 6 o b . q ]

n o There is picture of this ﬁrst college , but the high ideal of the builders and their scanty means resu lted in a s tructure of which one writer tells us that it w a s thought by some to be too gorgeous for a wilderness , and yet too ’ ” mean in others apprehension for a college . It was soon the c o l l e ge a s it a M p p e a re d w he n a ssa c h u se tts Ha ll is still , in u se .

1 5

e in need of r pairs , and proved inadequate to the wants even of the scanty College population of those days . “ n Within ten years of its completio , the governors of ’ the in stitution had begun to “ purchase the neighbors ” m houses to acco modate students . One of the houses ff ’ . G o e s bought for this purpose was Mr Edward , and ’ o ffe it came to be known as G s College . The term “ college was at ﬁrst applied to each of the separate buildings , and this usage survived for many years . In 1 653 —54 , the Commissioners of the United Colonies per su a d e d the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England to erect a small brick building for Indian

w a s . youth , and this known as the Indian College But the experiment was not successful , and only one Indian ever received a Harvard degree . The Indian College was poorly built , and was a ruin before the end of the “ ” century . So was the Old College , which was suc c e e de d 1 6 72 in by the ﬁrst Harvard Hall , or Harvard “ College . This seems to have been well built , for it was still in good condition when burned nearly a century later .

We have a good picture of this ﬁrst Harvard Hall , and we know that it stood in the Yard , just to the left of the n 1 70 0 main e trance It stood alone until the year , when

n e w u L a college , called Sto ghton , in honor of ieutenant

Governor William Stoughton , who gave it , was built in m the front of the main entrance , aking a right angle with

- o f u the eastern end Harvard . A few years later , nder L guidance of President John everett , the institution entered on a new and more prosp erous period in its 1 career , and in the year 1 7 8 the General Court of

Massachusetts made a grant for still another hall , the oldest of all the buildings now standing . 1 6

h u e T is is Massach setts Hall , on the right as one nters the Yard through the Johnston Gate , and facing the

m e site of the ﬁrst Harvard . It ad , with Harvard and

Stoughton , a very small quadrangle , and of these three buildings we have an excellent engraving , made by

1 720 . u a William Burgis in Behind Sto ghton , as it p

i n pears that engraving , there was an old ﬁeld , crossed by a brook ; probably no one dreamed of a tim e when it

. 1 720 would be covered with other College buildings In , when Massachusetts was ﬁnished , the graduating class

- a numbered thirty seven , and it was m ny years before any

n great i crease came . Cambridge was but a village , lying f chie ly between the College and the river . Boston itself was but a small town , though thriving , and no bridge con n he e c te d the two places . One source of t income of the

the te l l s the College was of Charlestown Ferry , which

Cambridge people crossed when they went to Boston , ” n n unless they we t by Roxbury Neck . The teachi g in

u the College was chieﬂy the work of t tors . The ﬁrst i professorsh p, the Hollis Professorship of Divinity , was established the year after Mass achusetts was built . It is pleasant to know that the outside of Massachusetts

n h 1 720 has been cha ged ardly at all . Every class since

n m has see the sa e square walls of red brick , the small

ha s windows , the narrow doorways . But the inside been much altered . At ﬁrst , it was given over entirely to small “ ” chambers and still smaller studies . After the ﬁght at

L n exi gton , in the Revolutionary War , the chambers were for a time occupied by American troops , the students being sent away to Concord . Early in the present ’ century , in President Kirkland s time , a p art of the lower

ﬂoor was devoted to lectures and society meetings , and 1 7 in 1 8 70 the rem aining chambers and studies made way

e for le cture halls and examination rooms . S veral of the

a re larger lecture courses now given here . While the building was used as a dormitory , m any of the most eminent sons of Harvard lived in it . h During the eighteenth century , no progress w atever was m ade towards the development of the quadrangle

o into which one now looks on entering the J hnston Gate .

Six years after the completion of Massachusetts , the Pro vince legislature appropriat e d money to build the President a house ; but the site chosen seems to Show that it was not meant to bear any special relation to the buildings

n it n o w already standi g . Wadsworth House , as is called , in honor of the ﬁrst President who occupied it , was the home of every one of the Pre sidents who suc ceede d him

u until President Edward Everett went o t of ofﬁce . It shares with the Craigie House the distinction of having

n sheltered Washi gton , but it was found inadequate for a headquarters . In recent years , it has been put to many different uses . It has been altered from time to time , but except for the paint the outside is still suggestive of the sober days a n d sober lives with which we naturally associate it in our thought .

When the College was a century old , and had trained hundreds of clergymen , it was still without a place of t worship of its own , although it had an interes in the parish meeting house which stood near the site of Dane

. o f e M P Hall The wife and daughters S amuel Hold n , . . , w ho himself had been a liberal benefactor of Harvard , £400 gave to build a chapel , and a site immediately in

the the rear of ﬁrst Harvard Hall was chosen . Holden Chapel was the ﬁrst of the buildings to take its name from an English benefactor , and it is rather curious

that the oth e rs so named are very close to it . About twenty years later , there being need of a new dormitory , L the egislature voted the necessary sums , a site to the

a nd northeast of Harvard was chosen , the building was n m w ho a ed for Thomas Hollis , an English merchant , died 1 73 1 m in , and whose benefactions were the most re arkable

u feature in the cherishing of the College p to that time .

He was a Baptist , yet he gave sums which in those d a ys w e re considered vast to help a school which had dismissed its ﬁrst President because he objected to the

baptism of infants . The Hollis Professorship of Divinity ,

established more than a hundred and ﬁfty years ago , was never until the present time ﬁlled by a m an in sympathy

he with t creed of its founder . Hollis Hall was scar c ely built when the worst disaster the College ever met again reduced the nu mber of buildings

1 7 64 o to five Harvard Hall was burned in , and it was nly d with the greatest ifficulty that Hollis , Stoughton , and m Massachusetts were saved from the fla es . The library

a n d the philosophical apparatus were lost , but the

Province , feeling an especial responsibility because the Legislature w a s holding its sessions in the hall at the i time , promptly voted the money to rebuild , and a l beral stream of private be n efactions pou red into th e College

a n d treasury , so that there were soon a new library new

a apparatus . The new Harv rd , like the old , was devoted

a to many uses . It had a kitchen and buttery in the b se

n a n d f ment , a dini g room a chapel on the ﬁrst loor , and ,

on the second ﬂoor , the library and the philosophy h chamber , but , unlike the old all , it contained no bed

u rooms . To tell how , from time to time , it lost its vario s

As if to Open the way into a larger future , the ﬁrst

Stoughton Hall , being in a ruinous state , was taken do wn

1 78 0 the the in , year in which Harvard took title Uni ” e versity . Its destruction c rtainly opened the way into

w a s 1 04 . 8 the present Yard It not rebuilt until , and then

n e w o on a site , n rth of Hollis , and it stood a year or more under the name New Hall ” but in the end the old name

e e fo r m e “ was r viv d it . The on y to build it came from a

a n d e lottery , this m thod of raising funds , approved by

o t the public pinion of hose days , was again employed in h 1 8 1 2 e Ho l wo rt . , wh n y was built This was the last hall to be named for an English benefactor . The man so

n Ho lw o rth 1 6 78 ho ored was Sir Matthew y, who died in , and left the College Ho lw o rthy Hall is the youngest of the buildings commonly called old , and its Site is important because with Stoughton it formed the

first corner in the main quadrangle of the Yard . From that time there was sure to be a quadrangle ve ry mu c h fi larger than the old one de ned by Massachusetts , Har vard , and the first Stoughton , or the other defined by 1 8 1 2 Harvard , Holden , and Hollis . In November , , the “ President and F e llows appointed a committee to devise the form and site of a building in the Coll e ge grounds ” ‘ to include a Commons Hall ; and it w a s voted that in choosi n g a site the committee “ have reference to other ” n buildi gs which may in future be erected . The com m i e o n tt e chose a site directly pposite the main entra ce .

B u l ﬁ nc h Charles was the architect , and the Hall when completed was called University .

e e h University was w ll nam d , w ether we consider the uses to which it has been put or the time at which it

n was built . President Kirkla d was in ofﬁce , and his

21 administration is usually taken as marking the entrance of Harvard into the l ife of a true university ; and of this university life the new h all has been the centre . For ’ e a n d the years , the religious ex rcises students commons made the building importa nt to all members of the Uni versity community and the administrative machin e ry has always be e n Operated from this point . In President ’ Kirkland s day , ﬁve new professorships were established ,

L a w and the departments of Divinity , , and Medicine were organized in university fashion . The Massachusetts

Medical College , in Boston , and Divinity Hall , in Cam

d a bri ge , g ve evidence that the Yard was not to be the

n e n limit of physical expa sion . Th y were foreru ners of

n ﬁ i so many buildi gs for scienti c and other purposes , bu lt

s e e n outside of the Yard , that it was only a question of time whe n the Yard itself wo u ld become of less practical importance than the departments outside . It was the

n begi ning of a process which is still going on , and as a result of which we see Harvard adm ission examinations offered in Tokio and a Harvard Observatory on top of a

Peruvian mountain .

But the Yard was not yet ﬁnished . President Quincy ,

two h who succeeded Kirkland , saw very important c anges

o l m - in it . Close by the d eeting house and between it and 1 83 2 Massachusetts , Dane Hall was built in , through the liberality of Nathan Dane , and for ﬁfty years it was the U niversity School of L a w ; here Greenleaf and Story and

. 1 845 t Parsons lectured In , impor ant changes were made

n . 1 8 7 1 in the buildi g In , to make room for Matthews m Hall , it was oved to the south , so that it occupied nearly the site of the old meeting - house which had been taken 1 3 down in 8 3 . 22

1 83 7 Gore Hall , begun in , does not belong to the main quadrangle at all . It was , in fact , the beginning of a second quadrangle ; but evidently not by design . The original Gore Hall was nothing more than the western

bu t portion of the present building , it was then sufﬁcient in size to harbor the largest library in the country , and it was expected to sufﬁce for the accumulations of a

n century . Excepting U iversity , it was the only stone

n buildi g in the Yard , and it shares with University the

m e n distinction of touching the interests of more , within and without the University , than any other of the Harvard buildings . The main quadrangle as we now see it was n o t com

l e te l 6 p y outlined until the building of Grays Hall in 1 8 3 .

n 1 857—58 Mea time , however , in , Boylston Hall and

Appleton Chapel had risen on Opposite sides of Gore , Appleton serving to deﬁne the northern limit of the new

e quadrangle . Both had their origin in the ben factions

e re of wealthy Bostonians , from whom th y took their s e tiv n p c e names . Appleton Chapel suppla ted University

Hall as the centre of the religious life of the University , as University Hall had supplanted Holden and Harvard .

Boylston , the ﬁrst of the buildings distinctly dedicated to the physical sciences , may be regarded as a humble beginni ng of an extremely potent deve lopm ent in the later

e history of the University . Grays , an unpret ntious dormi m tory , taking its na e from a family eminent in the law

in and eminent generosity to the University , was the last building erected in the Yard before the present era of unprecedented expansion began with the inauguration of l President E iot in 1 8 6 9 .

THE FE N CE A N D GATES

The fence and gates surrounding the Yard , with the 1 89 0 exception of the Johnston , Meyer , Class of , and

Ke a u Mc n . gates , were given by various al mni classes

c That all the se tions might harmonize , the task of design ing the newer sections was given to a single ﬁrm , Messrs .

Mc Kim . , Mead and White Nevertheless , an attempt has

a been made to give to each section an individual ch racter .

u e There is space on all the gates for s itabl inscriptions , but in som e cases these have not yet been added .

The Johnston Gate , at the main entrance of the Yard

— i n 1 was the ﬁrst to be built 89 0 . It was followed in

e 1 8 9 1 by the Meyer Gate on the north sid . All the 9 00 others have been erected since 1 . In the follow ing pages the several gates and sections o f the fence are i mentioned in order , beginning at the corner of Qu ncy

ale Street , and going west and north .

The Retaining Wall and Te rrace of the C l a s s o f 18 8 0 1 9 0 1 , built in , round off the corner of the Yard

e deﬁned by Quincy Str et and Quincy Square , and extend

T he stra n ge r wil l ﬁ n d it c o n v e ni e n t t o f a m il ia r iz e him se l f with

v r l l n s a nd a te s m e a n s o f th e th e l o c a ti o n s o f th e se e a bui di g g , by l a rge c o n c re te a n d br o n z e m a p o f th e Y a rd e r e c te d i n 1 9 06 by the

n s H a rv a rd M e m o ri a l S o c ie ty i n f r o n t o f U n iv e r sity H a l l . O thi

r c a t n o t o n l th e o s t o n sha e n a m e a n d a te o f m a p a e in di e d y p i i , p , , d

a h l n u t a l so th e o n a r e s o f th e se e ra l l o t s o f l a n e c bui di g , b b u d i v d

f h c h h Ya r i s m a e th th e a te a t h c h e a c h l o t w a s o w i t e d d up , wi d w i a c quire d f o r C o l l e ge u se . THE CLA SS OF 1 877 GAT E

THE CLASS OF 1 89 0 GATE

25 westward from Quincy Street a little way beyond Plym p ton Street .

C l a s s o f 18 9 0 The Gate and Fence of the , built in 9 0 1 1 , continuing the line westward from the retaining wall , were given by Mrs . Wirt Dexter , in memory of her

1 890 . son , Samuel Dexter , of the Class of On a tablet ,

n under the shield , is the followi g inscription

IN MEMORY OF SAMUEL DEXTER OF THE CLASS OF 1 890

b N O V 0 1 86 . CHICAGO 3 7

d 1 8 . BOSTON MAY 4 94

Over the gateway , as one enters , are inscribed the following words ENTER To GR o w IN WISDOM On the other side is this inscription DEPART TO SERVE BETTER THY COUNTRY AND THY KIND

C l a s s o f 18 in The Gate and Fence of the 7 7 , built 1 9 0 1 t o f , con inue the line from the fence of the Class 1 8 9 0 . The gate Opens u pon the driveway leading to ’

G . ore Hall Connected with this gate is a porter s lodge .

C l a s f 1 8 The Gate and Fence of the s o 8 9 , built in 1 9 0 1 , are at the entrance to the path east of Boylston

Hall . The fence extends to a point even with the western corner of Boylston Hall . This section balances the sec tion occupied by the gate and fence of the Class of 1 89 0 . 26

h Mc K e a n Ga t e 1 9 0 1 T e section , built in , occupies the s p ace between Boylston Hall and Wadsworth House .

Po rc e l lia n It was given by the members of the Club . In the left wing of the gateway is a stone tablet inscribed as follows THIS GATE IS ERECTED To THE MEMORY OF

JO SEPH Mc KEAN BY THE MEMBERS OF THE POR C E L L IAN CLUB OF WHICH HE WAS THE HONORED FOUNDER

W i ns ri In the right ing is a similar tablet , with this c p tion T HE Mc KEAN GATE

THE REVEREND J OSEPH MC KEAN S T D LL D BORN AT IPSWICH MASSACHUSETTS 1 9 APRIL 1 776 DIED AT HAVANA CUBA 1 7 MARCH 1 8 1 8 A GRADUATE OF THIS COLLEGE 1 794 TEACHER OF YOUTH MINISTER OF THE GOSPEL — BOYLSTON PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC AND ORATORY 1 80 9 1 8 1 8

C l a s s Of 8 The Gate and Fence of the 1 57 , built in 1 9 0 1 f , occupy the sp ace rom Wadsworth House to Dane

Hall , the gate being almost in the centre .

/ the C l a s s o f 18 The Gate and Fence of 7 5, built 1 9 0 0 m in , extend fro Dane Hall northward a distance of about ﬁfty feet . On the entablature of the gate are these inscriptions

OPEN YE THE GATES THAT T HE RIGHTEOUS NATION WHICH KEEPETH THE TRUTH MAY ENTER IN and

A E D IFI ATA I C ANN D OM ( D D C C C C COLL HARV C C ~LXIII T HE JOH N STO N GAT E

THE C LASS OF 1 857 GATE

A tablet in ‘ the left wall bears this inscription

BY THE GENERAL C OV R T OF MA SS A C HV S E TT S BAY

8 1 6 6 0 0 2 OCTOBER 3 AGREED To GIVE 4 75

‘ W S CHOA L E WHE AR OF z o o TO ARDS A OR COLLEDGE g, To BEE PAID THE NEXT YE AR E 2 0 0 g WHEN THE WOR K E IS FINISHED THE NEXT C OV R T To APPOINT WHEARE WT B V IL D IN G 1 5 NOVEMBER 1 63 7 THE C O LL E D G I s ORDERED To BEE AT N EWE T OWN E 2 MAY 1 6 3 8 IT IS ORDERED THAT N E WE T OWN E SHALL HENCEFORWAR D BE CALLED C A MB R I GE 1 3 MARCH 1 63 8—9 IT IS ORDERED THAT THE COLLEDGE AGREED V PON FORMERLY To BEE B V I LT AT C A MBR ID G SHALB E E CALLED HARVARD COLLEDGE

On the outside of the gate posts are sculptured the seals of Harvard College and of Massachusetts .

On the inside of the sam e posts are the inscriptions

Right Left

S AMV EL JOHNS TON C A NTA B R IGIA

C HIC A GIN IE N SI S LIT E R IS A NT I QV I S A LV MN V S A ( I) D C C C ¢ V NOVIS IN ST ITV TI S QV I CINCINNATIS DECORA A OOD C C CXXXII I N AT v s V IXIT ANN 1 1 1 1 TEST FIERI I V S SIT

l s o f 18 4 The Gate and Fence of the C a s 7 , built in 1 9 00 d , exten from the Johnston Gate to the pathway

the south of Holden Chapel , the gate being entrance to this path . 29

C l a s s o f 18 0 The G a te and Fence of the 7 , built in 1 9 0 1 n , exte d from this point to the pathway north of

c Holden Chapel . The gate is in the centre of the se tion 1 8 70 and opens on a sun dial , also given by the Class of .

This dial is surrounded by hedges . The base is inscribed

1 8 0 CLASS OF 7 . Around the upper part of the pedestal the following sentence is engraved : ON THIS MOMENT

HANGS ETERNITY . On each side of the gate is a post with

a re a tablet , and the two tablets inscribed as follows The tablet on the left The tablet on the right GIVEN ERECTED To THE COLLEGE BY THE CLASS OF BY 1 870 THE CLASS OF IN THE YEAR 1 870 1 90 1

C l a s s o f 18 8 6 The Gate and Fence of the , built in 1 9 0 1 1 8 7 0 , extend from the section of the Class of to n Phillips Brooks House , the gate Opening upo the path way north of Holden Chapel . As yet , there are no inscriptions .

C l a s s o f 18 8 1 The Gate and Fence of the , built in 1 9 05 l , extend from the northwest corner of Phil ips

Ho l w o r h Brooks House to the pathway west of t y. The gate serves as an entrance to the Phillips Brooks House . Over the head of the gate is the inscription “ YE SHALL KNOW THE TRUTH AND THE TRUTH SHALL ” MAKE YOU FREE .

C l a f 1 The Gate and Fence of the s s o 8 7 6 , built in

1 9 00 t Ho lw o rth , extend from the pathway wes of y, to 3 0

c the w hi h gate is the entrance , about ﬁfty feet along the

Cambridge Street side of the Yard . On an iron shield surmounting the gate are the following inscriptions

GI N VE HOLWORT HY BY THE CLASS GATE O F 1 876 O N IN MEMORY O F COMMENCEMENT D AY DEAR OL D TIMES 1 9 0 1

h Me e r Ga te t T e y , at the Cambridge Stree entrance

o n to the Yard , opposite the delta which stands Memorial

the L en e rke Hall , was gift of George von g Meyer , of

t 1 8 79 . Bos on , of the Class of It was designed by

Mc Kim Charles Follen , and was erected in 1 8 9 1 .

The Fence and double Gate of the C l a s s e s o f 18 8 7 n 18 8 8 1 9 0 6 a d , built in , lie just opposite Memorial

a H ll , and extend from the northeast corner of the Fogg

Museum to a point about eighty feet east of the Gates . O n the wall over the fountain and water basin w hic h o ccupy the space betw een the two gates are the class ’ ’8 7 88 numerals , and , and on the pavement in front is the inscription GIFT OF THE CLASSES OF 1 887 AND 1 888

The Gate and Fence of the C l a s s O f 18 8 5 were e 1 9 4 rected in 0 . They lie directly behind Sever Hall o n Quincy Street . The fence extends the entire length o f Sever Hall . D E GA O F T OUBL TE HE C O F 1 LASSES 887 A N D 1 888

T HE ME YE R GAT E

BUIL DINGS A N D GR OUN DS

Ma s s a c hus e tt s H a l l was built from a grant of

1 7 1 8 the made in by Province of Massachusetts .

1 720 u It was ﬁnished in , and was at ﬁrst sed as a L dormitory . After the Battle of exington , it was used as a barracks by the Continental soldiers , and was somewhat damaged . About one hundred years after the erection of the building , the lower p art was given over to rooms for lectures and societies ; a nd in 1 8 70 the whole

n building was devoted to the public uses of the U iversity .

In the lower hall , the Phi Beta Kapp a dinners were given 1 8 70 1 9 02 from about until and here , on Commencement m orning , the President and other ofﬁcers of the Univer s it y welcome the Governor of the Commonwealth , his staff , and the invited guests of the day . ( See also p . Against the north side of the Hall is a bro nze bust of L James Russell owell , the work of the sculptor , Daniel C .

French . The inscription on the base is as follows JAME S RUS SELL LOWELL

BORN 1 8 1 9 DIED 1 89 1 A B 1 83 8 L L D 1 884 — PROFESSOR 1 855 1 886 PATRIOT SCHOLAR ORATOR POET PUBLIC SERVANT

“ I , FREEDOM , DWELL WITH K NOWLEDGE ; I ABIDE WITH MEN B Y CULTURE

TRAINED AND FORTIFIED .

GIVEN B Y THE CLASS O F 1 883 1 90 5 3 2

H a r va r d H a l l 1 7 65—6 6 b , built in y the Province of

a t Massachusetts , a cost of replaced the ﬁrst 1 7 64 . Harvard Hall , which was destroyed by ﬁre in As the older building was occupied at the time by the

General Court , which had been driven from Boston by

- the small pox , the Province of Massachusetts Bay con

side re d the a nd itself responsible for loss , therefore built

the present Harvard Hall . This at ﬁrst contained the

chapel , the library , the philosophical apparatus , and the

a L dining h ll of the College . ike Massachusetts Hall , it was used and somewhat d amaged by the troops in R e v o l u

tio n a r . 1 78 9 y times Here Washington was received in .

Except Holden Chapel , it is the only one of the early College buildings which has never been used as a

dormitory . It is now used for lectures and recitations , a nd contains the libraries of the Departments of the

. S e e Classics , History and Government , and Economics (

also p . The L ibr a ry of the D ep a rtm ent of the Cl a ssi cs ( Room 3 ) r contains dictionaries , general treatises on g ammar ,

u . history , antiquities , literat re , philosophy , etc , together with all the most recent and many of the more valuable

o f G re e k L older editions ﬁ and atin authors ; in all , about 4 0 0 0 volumes . The books recommended by the several instructorsd of the Department for collateral reading in

their courses are all included . On the walls hang like nesses of professors in the D epartment from the beginning

of the nineteenth century . The Pri n cip a lq ectu re R o o m of the Cl a ssi c a l D ep a rt m e nt ( Room 1 ) is equipped with an excellent ( electric light) zs te re o p tic o n and about 3 600 slides illustrating

Greek and Roman life , art , archaeology , etc . , etc . The

3 3

Department has also in its various lecture rooms about 5000 mounted photographs and a considerable co llectio n of casts of Greek and Roman sculpture . The collection of classical antiqu ities in Sever 25 and 27 consists of original material for the study of archaeology and art ,

k - such as Gree and Roman coins , vases , and terra cottas , l Roman inscriptions , and specimens of building materia s ( includin g a large number of Specimens of Roman

- marbles ) . A set of fac Similes of ancient coins and the Scot t Collection of portraits of Julius C aesar are at present deposited i n the Fogg Museum of Art . The Histo ry R ea din g R o o m ( Room 2) contains two department libraries T he L ibra ry of the D ep a rtm en t of Histo ry a n d Go v e rn m en t is m ade up of books on English and continental history and government — over 3 000 volumes and 9 00

i on American history . The collection on Amer can his

E v a n s L ibra r tory is frequently called the y. The L i br a ry of the E co n o m i cs D ep a rtm en t cont a ins

1 3 5 u about 0 vol mes . These three collections are designed to provide copies of the books most com monly used in connection with

i n the courses of study the subjects to which they relate . The last two are especially intended for the u s e of the large elementary courses in history and economics .

Ho l l i s Ha l l u , built by the Province of Massach setts 1 76 3 Bay in , at a cost of nearly and named for 2 3 . the ﬁrst Thomas Hollis , contains rooms Hollis , who

c established two hairs , the Hollis Professorship of D ivinity and the Hollis Professorship of Mathematics and Natural

Philosophy , was the greatest benefactor of the University 3 4 duri ng the ﬁrst century of its existence ; and his example was followed by other members of his family for several

e u gen rations . The b ilding was from the ﬁrst used as a

b u t dormitory , some of its rooms have been occ upied by

e soci ties , such as the Harvard Washington Corps , the

n e L h Engi e Company , and the Pi Eta Soci ty . ike t e other older buildings , it was given over to the Revolutionary ff soldiers for a time , and su ered damage thereby .

H l n C a l — o d e h e . m p Madam Holden , wife of Sa uel — M. P. n Holden , , Governor of the Bank of E gland who was regarded as the head of the English Dissenters , e £400 together with her daught rs , gave to the College . With this m oney the ﬁrst building designed solely for religious uses by the University , Holden Chapel , was built in 1 744 . On its west front the Holden arms are carved in wood . When the present Harvard Hall was

t e buil , Hold n ceased to be used for religious services .

n For a while , it contained four rooms , bei g divided into two stories , each of which consisted of two apartments . Those on the lower ﬂoor were used as chemical laboratory a nd le cture room ; those on the upper ﬂoor as anatomical

u e n m seum and l cture room . But after the buildi g of Boylston Hall e ach story was converted into one large recitation room , and later all these were thrown together into a single room . In recent years , Holden has been

c fo r c m used hieﬂy so iety eetings , rehearsals and trials of

u the musical clubs , and by the Department of M sic .

S t o u ht o n H a l l 1 80 5 g , built in at a cost of about of which three - fourths was Secured by a public L lottery authorized by the State , was named for ieutenant HOL LIS HALL

STOU GH T O N HA LL

3 5

i o f Governor William Stoughton , who , as Ch ef Justice

Massachusetts Bay , presided at the witchcraft trials in 69 2 1 . It was he who gave the funds for the ﬁrst Stoughton l 1 700 . n Hall , built in The present Stoughto , at ﬁrst cal ed

New Hall , was used from the beginning as a dormitory . The Hasty Pudding Cl u b formerly met and h a d readi n g

o L 3 2 . ro ms here . ike Hollis Hall , the building has rooms

Phil l i s B r o o k s H o us — a p e . This building , situ ted

n at the northwest cor er of the Yard , was erected as a 1 8 55 memorial to Phillips Brooks , of the Clas s of

e Pr acher to the University , Overseer , and Protestant

u Episcopal Bishop of Massachusetts . The b ilding , com

l e te d 1 8 9 9 l p in , was designed by A exander Wadsworth

L 1 6 S i x 8 7 . ongfellow , of the Class of Nearly hundred

u persons contributed to the f nd , which amounted to

with interest . Of this total , was given in trust to the University as an endowment to help carry on the various activities to which the House is devoted .

On the ﬁrst ﬂoor, the west end is occupied by Brooks

Parlor , a large reception room for social uses . Here , on

u Friday afternoons , st dents are welcomed at informal teas

the given by the wives of University officers . Across m hallway are the Randall Rooms , na ed in memory of L Belinda ull Randall and John Witt Randall , and a general offi ce room used by the graduate secretary and ffi o cers of the various societies quartered in the House . In the Randall Rooms are the offices of the Social Service Com mittee and of the graduate adviser under whose guidance the various philanthropic undertakings

o n are carried . On the second ﬂoor , in the west end , 3 6

are the Noble Rooms , named in memory of William ’ ’

8 5 c . Belden Noble , , and oc upied by the St Paul s Society .

a e o One is a gener l me ting ro m , the other is ﬁtted up as a small chapel . In the east end of this story are the

Shepard Rooms , named in memory of Ralph Hamilton ’ 9 2 e Shepard , , a m mber of the Christian Association , d 1 89 4 who ied in , and left ﬁve thousand dollars to pro

a mote Christian work t Harvard . The rooms are o c cupied i by the Harvard Christian Association . There s a read ing room where the leading daily , weekly , and monthly

e u papers are k pt on ﬁle , a library on religio s subjects ,

m e e a co mitt room , and an assembly room . Between the She pard Rooms a nd the Noble Rooms is a small

Committee Room . On the third ﬂoor is Peabody Hall , n a m ed in memory of the Revere n d An drew Preston

Peabody , formerly Preacher to the University . The

a ha s h ll , arranged for meetings and lectures , a seating w capacity of two hundred and t enty . In this story are also ’ o the ro ms of the St . Paul s Catholic Club . Facilities for writing and studying are also provided in several rooms of the House , and these , as well as the reading rooms l and ibraries , are freely Open to all members of the

t o University . In addition the societies already men tio n e d , the Phillips Brooks House Association and

Harvard Mission have their headquarters in the House ,

bu t not having special rooms assigned to them , using for their c ommittee meetings or l a rger gatherings a ny rooms

T he that may be available . Phillips Brooks House Asso c i a tio n e 1 9 0 4 m , organiz d in , includes in its embership the membership of all the previously existing societies , and is designed to p romote c o Op e ra tio n among them and to perform for the m services which can best be under

3 7

a taken by one central organiz tion , such as typewriting fﬁ and other o ce work , publishing the Phillips Brooks

House Handbook , giving the annual reception to Fresh

i n 1 9 0 4 men , etc . The Harvard Mission , also started , is a movement supported by members of all the religious societies and by others , for the realization among Harvard graduates and undergraduates of greater Interest and activity in Christian service abroad . Other University organizations , such as the Graduate Club , Mathematical

n Club , etc . , use the House for . regular or occasio al meetings and receptions . t In the hallway , there is a bronze bus of Phillips

L . Brooks , the gift of Mr . orin F Deland ; and on the walls are the following inscriptions :

On the east wall , above the bust of Phillips Brooks

THIS HOUSE I S DEDICATED TO PIETY CHARITY HOSPITALITY IN GRATEFUL MEMORY O F PHILLIPS BRO OK S

To the right of the bust

BORN IN BOSTON D ECEM B E R 1 3 1 83 5 A B HARVARD 1 855 VIRGINIA THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 1 859 — RECTO R CHURCH OF THE ADVENT PHILADELPHIA 1 859 1 86 1 — CH URCH OF THE HOLY TRINITY PHILADELPHIA 1 86 2 1 869 TRINITY CHURCH BOSTON 1 869 — 1 89 1 BISHOP OF THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN MASSACHUSETTS 1 89 1 — 1 89 3 OVERSEER OF HARVARD COLLEGE 1 8 70 — 1 882 1 883— 1 889 PREACHER T o HARVARD UNIVERSITY 1 886 - 1 89 1 D D UNION 1 870 HARVARD 1 877 OXFORD 1 885 COLUMBIA 1 887 D IED I N B OSTON JANUARY 2 3 1 89 3 On the left of the bust

A PREACHER

O F RIGHTEOUSNESS AN D HOPE

MAJ ESTIC I N STATURE IMPETUOUS I N UTTER ANCE

RE J OICING IN T HE TRUTH

U NHAMPERED B Y BONDS O F CHURCH O R STATION

HE BROUGHT B Y HI S LIFE A N D DOCTRINE

FRESH FAITH T O A PEOPLE FRESH MEANING T O ANCIENT CREEDS T O THIS UNIVER SITY

HE GAVE CONSTANT LOVE LARGE SERVICE HIGH EXAMPLE

On the north wall between the front door and the entrance to Brooks Parlor :

PHILIP S TANLEY ABB OT

BORN 1 86 7 DIED 1 896

HARVARD A . B . 1 890 A . M. LL . B . 1 89 3

ALWAY S A LEADER

HE ON J ANUARY 2 3 1 893 STIRRED HIS FELLOW STUDENTS TO UNDERTAK E THIS MEMORIAL BUILDING

BUT BEFORE IT S COMPLETION WAS K ILLED

IN CLIMBING MOUNT LEFROY

R ICH IN NATURE FRIENDS FORTUNE HE ADDED

WHATEVE R TOIL AND CHARACTER CAN GIVE TO MAK E SHORT LIFE COMPLETE 3 9

n e O the north wall , at the entranc to Randall Room RALPH HAMILT ON SHE PARD

8 R . 1 8 2 BORN 1 67 HARVARD A . 9 ONE OF HARVARD’S YOUNGEST BENEFACTORS STUDIOUS EARNEST DEVOUT MEMBER OF THE CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION THE RELIGIOUS UNION THE SAINT PAUL’S SOCIETY DYING IN 1 894 HE GAVE FIVE THOUSAND DOLLARS To PROMOTE CHRISTIAN WORK AT H ARVARD COLLEGE

a On the east wall , at the entr nce to Randall Room BELINDA LULL RANDALL

BORN 1 8 1 6 DIED 1 89 7 WHO THROUGH THE TRUSTEES OF HER ESTATE MADE PROVISION WITHIN THE PHILLIPS BROOKS HOUSE FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF CHARITY BY THE STUDENTS OF THIS UNIVERSITY JOHN WITT RANDALL

BROTHER OF BELINDA BORN 1 8 1 3 DIED 1 89 2

8 1 8 A R . 1 D . . HARVARD 3 4 M 3 9 WHOSE NAME SHE WISHED TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH HERS IN HER MANY AND GREAT BENEFACTIONS

LOVELY AN D PLEASANT IN THEIR LIVES A N D I N THEIR DEATH THEY WERE N OT DIVIDED 40

the e o f On the south wall , at left Sid the rear entrance WILLIAM B ELDEN NOBLE BORN 1 860 DIED 1 89 6 HARVARD A B 1 885 ARDENT J OYOUS GENEROUS YEARNING FOR KNOWLEDGE IMPASSIONED FOR HOLINESS HE SOUGHT To BE A MINISTER AFTER THE PATTERN OF PHILLIPS BROOKS BUT DIED BEFORE ORDINATION MINDFUL OF HIS UNFINISHED AIMS HIS WIFE ESTABLISHED THE NOBLE LECTURES IN 1 898

Ho l w o r th Ha l l 1 8 1 2 y was built in , at a cost of nearly from the proceeds of a lottery authorized t by the State of Massachuset s . It was named for Sir Mat

Ho lw o rth n thew y, an E glish merchant , who at his death in 1 6 78 left to the C o llege the largest single gift t received in the seventeenth cen ury . l sed always as a dormitory , this hall has for many years been considered , on account of its large rooms , the most desirable in the

Yard , and was for a while used exclusively by Seniors .

The practice has been partly revived , and rooms in Hol

' o a re n o w worthy , Hollis , and St ughton assigned by 1 2 preference to members of the Senior Class . Room , which was visited in 1 8 60 by the Prince of Wales and

1 8 7 1 u n in by the Grand Duke Alexis of R ssia , contai s pictures of these personages presented by themselves .

Ho l w o rth 24 y has suites of rooms , each consisting of a L study and two single bedrooms . ists of the successive ’ HO LWO R T HY HALL

THAYE R H A LL

4 2

s professors , while tudents and faculty occupied the ﬂoor . At a later time it was divided horizontally and trans formed into le c ture rooms e n tered from the second and third ﬂoors ; but in 1 8 9 6 it was restored to its original form ( ex c ept for the galleries ) and is now used for the meetings of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences . On its walls hang portraits of professors and benefac tors of the

University . 1 849 Commons continued in University Hall down to , and here also the Commencement dinners were held until d 1 4 1 . 8 Here were entertained Presi ents Monroe , Jack

a n d V L son , an Buren , and the Marquis de afayette . The l who e building , with the exception of the basement ( one

c fﬁ end of which is o cupied by the College Printing O ce ) ,

e is now d voted to administrative uses , and contains the

fﬁ the o ces of the President of University , the Secretary

c to the Corporation , and the Deans and other offi ers of the departments under the Faculty of Arts and Sciences . On the first floor a t the south end is the office of the Publication Agent ( Room 2) Copies o f the Univ e rsity ’ e C atalogue , of the Presid nt s Reports , of pamphlets de scribing the various departments and courses of study , and of other University publications may be obtained here . In front of the building is a map of the College

Yard made of concrete and bronze , which strangers will

ﬁnd it proﬁtable to study . ( See the note on p .

W e l d H a l l i 53 , contain ng suites of rooms , of which 22 l 1 8 7 1 — 7 2 are single and the rest doub e , was built in , at a cost of about It was given by William

o f Fletcher Weld in memory his brother , Stephen Minot 1 8 26 Weld , of the Class of , a benefactor of the College ,

43 a member of the Board of Overseers from 1 858 u ntil his

1 8 6 7 o ne o f death in , and the ﬁrst to conceive the idea

a a - of Memorial H ll . It contains common room for the

u i general social se of ts occupants .

Gr a Ha l l 1 8 63 ys , built in by the College , at a cost

n of early is named for Francis Calley Gray , of 1 80 9 1 8 26 the Class of , a Fellow of the College from until

1 83 6 o f 1 8 1 1 , John Chipman Gray , of the Class , a mem 1 847 1 854 ber of the Board of Overseers from until , and

1 829 m the William Gray , of the Class of , a ember of

1 8 66 u n 1 8 72 Board of Overseers from til , all three bene

f a l w a s » b e e n factors o the University . It has y used as a 52 dormitory , and has suites of rooms , each consisting of m a study and an alcove . Antiquarian research has ade it seem probable that the ﬁrst of all the College buildings stood on or near the Site of this hall .

Wa d sw o r th Ho us e was built partly with a grant of made by the General Court of Massachus e tts

1 726 d l Va d sw o rth Bay in , the year after Presi ent was

u inaug rated ; partly with other funds , as the Court would

n m not grant e ough to co plete it . It was ﬁnished in

1 7 27 the d , and cost altogether about It is ol est

n e w building standing except Massachusetts Hall . At ’ ﬁrst called the President s House , it was occupied by 1 4 successive presidents until 8 9 . It was the head quarters of Washington and Le e for a Short time in 1 7 75 , until more spacious quarters were obtained in the house on Brattle Street , now known as Craigie House , L which was later the residence of ongfellow . Undoubt e dl y, some of the ﬁrst desp atches sent by Washington to 44

Le e to Congress , to Richard Henry , and General Schuyler ,

l a w r h were written in V d s o t . Towards the close of the 1 849 century , the building was enlarged , and after it was

o d used as a d rmitory and boarding house for stu ents .

It is at present used as a dormitory , but one room is given over to the Preacher to the University for the tim e being .

H o l o k e Ho us e y , on Massachusetts Avenue , oppo site Grays Hall , was erected by the President and Fellows 1 8 7 0—7 1 50 in , at a cost of over and contains suites of rooms . The ground ﬂoor is occupied by stores .

M a tth w H a l l e 1 8 72 e s , compl ted in , at a cost of about

o f was the gift of Nathan Matthews , Boston , who stipulated that half the net in come fro m the dormi tory should be used to aid needy and deserving scholars ; students for the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal Church and sons of ministers of that church to be pre h ferred . The ﬁfteen Matthews Scholars ips were thus 60 established . This dormitory , containing suites of rooms , is thought to stand on the Site of the old Indian

1 654 . College , built in

D a n e H a l l , built with given by Nathan D ane ,

1 7 78 a of Beverly , of the Class of , . delegate to the Con tine nta l 1 8 3 2 Congress , was completed in but when Mat thews Hall was built Dane was moved a short distance 844—45 . 1 south of its original site With the addition of , the hall has cost somewhat more than ( including

i L a w the Dane g ft) . The School occupied the building

1 883 . 1 882 until , when Austin Hall was built In , certain WADSWO R T H HOUSE

HOLYOKE HOUS E

T he a b On the entrance ﬂoor are four laboratories . L o ra to ryf o r A dv a n ced Qu a n tita ti v e A n a lysi s a n d R esea rch

2 - is in Room . In the weighing room adjoining this laboratory is a collectio n of compo u nds illu strating the o riginal work of the department . Smaller laboratories fo r res e arch are entered through the L aboratory for

Quantitative Analysis . The L a bo ra to ryf o r Adv a n ced Physi ca l Chem i stry is in Room 4 ; the L a bo ra to ryf o r E l e m e n ta ry Che m i stry is in m Roo 5.

, In the basement are two L a bo ra to ri es f o r D escrip ti v e

I no r a n i c Che m istr g y, a plant for the manufacture of

- e liquid air , and a room for physico chemical res arch . 7 On the second floor are the lecture rooms ( Rooms , ’ and the Director s office ( Room There are also two small private laboratories for research on this floor . A selected col lection of specimens is exhibited in two

The L i bra r a n d R e a d i n R o o m cases in the entry . y g m ( Room 8) is also on this ﬂoor . It contains the ore

c e - 800 important hemical t xt books and periodicals ( books , 2400 60 00 periodicals , and dissertations) , to be used for consultation only . It is supplementary to the larger

o collecti n of books on chemistry in Gore Hall . On the third ﬂoor is the L a bo ra to ryf o r Orga n i c Chem istry ( Room with places for stude n ts of research in the adjoining ro o m ( Room On the sam e ﬂoor is the L a bo ra to ry f o r E l e m e nta ry Qu a ntita ti v e A na lysi s ( Room

and two private laboratories .

T he store - rooms for apparatus and chemicals are in the

e L a bo r a to r o r u a l ita tiv e A n a l s is garr t . The yf Q y occupies t he l basement and part of the ﬁrst ﬂoor of Dane Hal . D A N E HA LL

BO YLSTO N H A LL

4 7

t n C ha e l e A p p l e o p , the second building d voted solely to religious worship , was the gift of Samuel Apple

o f ton , Boston , who left to the College with the direction that one - fourth of it should be spent for a chapel . It was built at a cost of nearly and i 1 858 . was completed in In the nterior , a good many changes have been made : the roof proved defective and had to be altered ; the galleries are of recent date . The later improvements are due to the liberality of the chil dren of Nathan Appleton , of Boston . Here are held the daily religious services of the University , morning prayers

- at a quarter before nine on week days , the Sunday even in - u g services at half past seven , and the Th rsday after ’ noon vesper services at ﬁve o clock . The latter , held during the winter and Spring months ( November to

May) , are brief , largely musical , with an address by one of the Preachers . Occasionally , the Board invites other preachers , of various communions , to conduct the

Sunday evening services . The music at all services is 25 by the College choir , a full male chorus of sopranos 1 6 t and altos and enors and basses . On the left of the main entrance is a mural monument l to President James Walker , origina ly erected in the

Harvard Church in Charlestown , of which President

Walker had been pastor , and given to the University ( wi th other memorials) in 1 9 05on the dissol u tion of that society . The central object , the bust of President

Walker , was executed by Miss Anne Whitney . The inscriptions on the monument read as follows 48

JAMES WALKER D D LL D

BORN IN BURLINGTON T O COMMEMORATE MASSACHUSETTS HERE 1 6 AUGUST 1 794 HIS CHARACTER GRADUATED AT HIS GENIUS HARVARD COLLEGE AN D HI S SE RVICES 1 8 1 4 To THIS CHURCH PASTOR TO THE CAUSE OF THIS CHURCH OF EDUCATION — 1 8 1 8 1 83 9 A N D T O O VERSEER OF LIBERAL CHRISTIANITY HARVARD COLLEGE — — “ 1 82 5 1 83 6 1 864 1 874 THEY THAT BE WISE FELLOW SHALL SHINE AS THE — 1 834 1 853 BRIGHTNESS OF THE ALFORD PROFESSOR FIRMAMENT 1 838— 1 853 AND THEY THAT TURN PRESIDENT MANY To — 1 853 1 860 RIGHTEOUSNESS DIED IN CAMBRIDGE AS THE STARS 2 3 DECEMBER 1 874 F OR EVER A N D EVER

D a n ie l XII 3 .

ERECTED XI JANUARY MDCCCLXXXIII B Y A DAUGHTER O F REUBEN HUNT A FOUNDER O F THIS SOCIETY A N D ON E WHO LOV ED A N D HONORED JAMES WALKER and on a small bronze plate below is inscribed GIVEN TO HARVARD COLLEGE BY THE HARVARD CHURCH IN CHARLESTOWN ON ITS DISSOLUTION IN 1 90 5

Among them have been the following Edward Everett i Mc Ke n z e . Hale , Alexander , George A Gordon , Phillips L Brooks and William awrence , Bishops of Massachusetts , V L Brooke Herford , Henry an Dyke , yman Abbott

L E s tlin Washington Gladden , eighton Parks , J . Car

e n te r . n p of Oxford ( England) , E Winchester Do ald ,

Mc ho rd V e C . Samuel Crothers , Bishop John H inc nt ,

i . Mo xo m Ph lip S , George Harris , President of Amherst

e D e Witt Colleg , William Hyde , President of Bowdoin d College , William H . P . Faunce , Presi ent of Brown

YVil lia m University , J . Tucker , President of Dartmouth

College , Charles Cuthbert Hall , President of the Union

Theological Seminary .

THE UNIVER SITY LIBRARY

Hi sto ry — The nucl eus of the College Library was the little collec tion of about 3 3 0 volumes bequeathed by John ’ r h Harvard in 1 63 8 . The Pu itan sc olar s library was n aturally stron gest in the theological and polemical works

JES O of the day , but it had a good number of classics , p ,

u u v e n a l L n Cicero , Epictet s , J , Horace , Isocrates , uca

c Pliny , Plutarch , Plautus , Teren e , and others , and some ’ modern works of literature and history , such as Bacon s “ ” ’ ’ m u a rl e s s Advancement Essays , Chap an s Homer , Q ’ Poems , Camden s Remains . Of all these , however , there ’ o ne D o w n a m e s now remains but volume , Christian War

e 1 64 fare ; the rest wer destroyed in the ﬁre of 7 . The history of the Library from that day to this is a record of generous gifts , great and small , from lovers of ’ u n v learning in this co ntry and in Engla d . Har ard s bequ e st stirred the magistrates of the Colony to con 2 £ 00 . tribute books to the value of Peter Bulkley , the d 3 7 minister settled in Concor , early gave volumes ; Gov

e 40 ern r Winthrop gave volumes ; Sir Kenelm Digby , in

1 655 u 29 , Catholic and Royalist tho gh he was , sent over volumes , probably out of friendship for Winthrop . The

e e 1 6 6 1 bequ sts of the Rev . Ez kiel Rogers , of Rowley , in , L t of Dr . John ightfoo , an eminent English divine , in

1 6 75 e , and of Th ophilus Gale , philosopher , philologist , a nd 1 6 78 historian , in , rapidly added to the value of

. n 1 7 1 9 the collection Beginni g in , Thomas Hollis , his two brothers , John and Nathaniel , the son and the grand

o f e son Nathani l , both named Thomas , and Thomas Brand

o his e Hollis , wh m the last Thomas Hollis made h ir , in succession devoted to the College an unremitting intere st

e and generosity , which show d itself in the establishment

c of professorships and s holarships , in constant gifts of books for the library and of philosophical apparatus for scientiﬁc work , and ended only with the death of the last

1 804 . t named in The elder Hollis , a stric Baptist , but

- e a n d liberal minded , was pleased with the fre catholic ” e d spirit of the S minary , and uring the last ten years of his life was constant in its service and c onstantly stirrin g

e o the int rest and appealing to the generosity of thers . The last Thomas Hollis Showed his interest in the College

1 7 64 a nd t by donations of books before the ﬁre of , af er the ﬁre immediately subscribed £200 fo r the purchase of b o ks o n p ; furthermore , in the c urse of the ext six years ,

4 1 a n d he sent hither cases of books , at his death , in 1 7 74 £500 , left a bequest of .

n 1 764 When Harvard Hall was bur ed in , the library

t . 5000 was des royed This collection , amounting to about volumes , was by far the most valuable in the country , and its loss was regarded as a public calamity . But so

b a nd great was the general sense , oth here in England ,

a c o f n e of the import n e replaci g it , so strenuous w re the 52 efforts of the Committees appointed by the Corporation

e and the Ov rseers , and so lively the interest of others on

i u all sides , that the l brary soon s rpassed its former size ,

n e a and by 1 7 9 0 had i creas d to bout volumes . ’ The long roll of donors for 1 7 64 is printe d in Quincy s h t . e t e His ory ( ii Besid s gifts of Thomas Hollis , there were gifts from G overnor Bernard ( 1 0 guineas and 3 0 0 more than volumes) , from John Hancock from the pro vinc e o f New Hampshire from the h Arc bishops of Canterbury and York , from George

e e n n c e Whit ﬁ ld , who also by his i ﬂue ce pro ur d large

e a nd numb rs of books from others in England , from the various societies for propagating the Gospel and

o pr moting Christian knowledge . 1 7 75 m In June , , when Ca bridge was occupied by the

e Contin ntal troops , the library was removed to Andover , and in No v ember of the sam e year a p a rt of it was taken to Concord whither the College had been transferred . The students and the faculty ret u rned to Cambridge in 1 7 76 1 7 78 June , , but it was not till May , , that the books were restored to Harvard Hall . Here the library remained

c G 1 83 8 till the ere tion of ore Hall in , to which the Presi dent and Fello w s devoted a p art of the bequest received v 8 7 from Go ernor Christopher Gore in 1 8 29 . In 1 7

w a s c a st a s enlargement necessary , and the new wing w

u b ilt at an expense of Twenty years later , the n eed for further e nlargem e nt was m e t by remodelling old

l h - Gore Hall . In the lower half of the bui ding a t ree story

e to m stack , estimat d hold over volu es , in place

e u of the shelved there b fore , was built ; the pper half was made into a reading room with seats for 21 8 readers . This room is regarded simply as a temporary

w n e w o c a n u expedient ; hen a reading ro m be b ilt , this 53

may be converted into a stack like the ﬂoors below it . A further addition was built in the summer of 1 9 0 7 on the north side of the building , at an estimated cost of about

i n i tr ti n d Presen t Adm s a o . Unite in administration

L a n d with the College ibrary in Gore Hall , together with L 1 0 it forming the University ibrary , are departmental libraries and 28 smaller special reference libraries . The 1 9 0 6 extent of the several collections in August , , was as follows

Go re H a l l ( th e C o l l e ge Lib ra ry) Bu sse y I n stitutio n ( Ja m a ic a Pl a in ) Phil l ip s Libra ry ( Ob se rv a to ry) He rba rium Lib ra ry ( B o ta ni c Ga rd e n )

L a w S c h o o l

Div in ity S c ho o l M e dic a l S c ho o l ( B o st o n ) D e nta l S ch o o l ( B o sto n ) Mu se um o f C o m pa ra tiv e Zo o l o gy Pe a b o dy Mu s e um A r n o ld Arb o re tum ( Ja m a i c a Pl a in ) Tw e n ty - e ight spe c ia l re fe re n c e l ib ra rie s

Fro m to volumes are ordinarily added

a n a to the whole collection by gift d purchase each ye r .

F o r re fe r e n c e s t o th e p ri n te d a nd m a n u sc ript so ur c e s f o r the histo ry o f th e C o l l e ge Libra ry se e “ T h e Lib ra ria n s o f H a rv a rd l l “ C o e e A . C . o tte r a nd C . K . B o l to n a n d e sc r t v e a nd g , by P , D ip i l ” sto r c a o t n h r r l l . H N e s o t e L Ib a o f H r a r C A . C i i y a v d o e ge , by

tt r l l n r o e s e a s N o s . 52 a n d 55 f th e bl ra c a o t P , pub i h d o Bi i o g phi C i ’ buti o n s o f the Libra ry . T h e l i st o f Jo hn H a rv a rd s b o o ks a nd o f ’ “ t e r rl v o n r . a s s w h e a y gifts i s p rin te d in Mr . A d e w Mc F D i F e

n o e s c o nc rn n th r r f H r r C l l B . C ntr e e e c o s o a a o e e o . t i g d v d g , ibl ib

2 . N o . 7 54

The annual income of the College Library from its funds for the purchase of books is about and the an nual gifts for the same purpose average abo u t more ; the e xpenses of administration are about

o L l e The C llege ibrary in Gore Ha l is Op n , during term

- e a m 9 A M. time , every week day ( exc pt holid ys) fro . to 1 P M 0 . . 1 P. M. , and on Sundays from to During

o M. the summer vacation the Library cl ses at P . ( at ’ 1 n o n o clock on Saturdays ) and is not ope Sundays . The College Library is for the use of the whole Univer sit w e y, and books may be borro ed by students ( thr e

a n d t fﬁ volumes at a time) , by instruc ors and other o cers . L All other persons are free to consult books in the ibrary , and under certain condi tions receive permission to borrow .

Professors from other colleges are always welcome . Books are also lent to othe r libraries when they can be s pared

o with ut injury to work going on in Cambridge . O fﬁcers of the University have direct access to the

L e shelves in all parts of the ibrary , and students ngaged in advanced work are allowed access to those parts of h A ll the collection with whic they are occupied . stu dents h ave the direct use of about volumes in m the re ading roo and the adjoining rooms .

h B o o ks the L i ra r — t T e of b y. No comple e statement of the strength of the Library in different departments is g i ven here ; but mention is m ade o f the chief special ﬁelds in whic h the Library is stron g as a result of notable

e gifts or collections r ceived .

r The collection relating to American history , biog aphy ,

e gen alogy , and geography numbers about volumes t of which o ver relate to the United S ates . The

About volumes c ame from the library of Professor

n Ko rad von Maurer , given by Professor Coolidge in 1 9 04 the rest have been bought , mainly in Germany . A recent anonymous gift of over has established i a collection on Dutch h story , to be known as the John

L Mo tl e othrop v Collection . T h e books on the history of the Ottoman Empire and the relations between Turkey and Europe come in large part from the library of Count Paul Riant , presented in

9 0 0 n 1 . . . a d e by Mr J R Coolidge Assistant Prof ssor A . C . h d . T e Cooli ge collection numbers over volumes . The collection on the Crusades and the Crusading L i Knights and the atin k ngdoms of Constantinople , 9 00 Jerusalem and Greece , numbering volumes , is also largely composed of books from the Riant library . The Library received under the will of Thomas Carlyle his collection of books on Cromwell and Frederick the

t u 4 70 . Grea , n mbering volumes Ther e are also a number of interesting Sp e cial collee tions on various countrie s and cities that have been mainly built up in the last few years by annual gifts from several graduates . Among these may be mentioned China ,

Mo L o Japan . South America , rocco , and Algiers ; ndon

e V a n d Paris , Florenc , enice , other towns of Northern h Italy ; and Italian history of t e Risorgimento period . The collection of English literature has been greatly strengthened in the last fe w years by means of generous gift s received from many friends of the Library . By means of these gifts many rare and e arly editions have been bought that could not have been purchased with the

t e income ordinarily available . Especial atten ion has b en given to building up the section devoted t o the writers 57 of the latter part of the seven teenth and those of the

a rtic eighteenth centuries . Among authors that are p u l a rl ywell represented may be mentioned Chaucer , Shake speare , Donne ( of whose works a notable collection was received in the library of Professor Norton ) , Dryden , Milton ( including a valua ble collection of his works b e

u e a the d q by the late George Ticknor of Boston) , Swift ,

Byron , Browning , and Tennyson . The collection of the original editions of the d ramatists includes some of the earlier writers , notably Shirley and Massinger , but is especially strong in th e restoration and eighteenth century t periods . The whole collection of English litera ure con

e tains nearly volum s . The collection of books by and relating to Dante con 1 884 tains volumes . In , Professor Charles Eliot Norton gave to the College Library the larger part of

a nd 1 89 6 his valuable collection on Dante , in the col lection of Dante literature ( 1 75volumes) of George Tick n o r 1 8 1 7—3 5 L , Smith Professor , , was given to the ibrary m by his heirs . The Dante Society has for any years m ade an annual appropriation for the purchase of books L in this department , and the ibrary is under constant obli

a tio n g to foreign writers , especially Italians , who have presented many of their works . There is also a good

t lib ra i collection on Tasso , par ly received in the Riant y in 1 9 00 n , but largely i creased since .

o The collection of folkl re and mediaeval romances , numbering over volumes , is supposed to be the largest in existence . Professor Francis James Child , who is chieﬂy responsible for its formation , based upon the material here brought together his En glish and Scottish

a Popular Ballads . There is lso an excellent collection

h - of c ap books , English and foreign . 58

The Slavic collection n o w comprises volumes relating to the history and lite rature of the Slavic n ations . The collection of Scandinavian literatu re and history h contains about volumes . Nearly half of t is number was received in 1 9 04 as a gift from Assistant d Professor A . C . Cooli ge and formed part of the library of Professor Konrad von Maurer of Munich . The collection of S anskrit literature includes about 450

a u 50 0 printed texts , bo t manuscripts , the gift of Fitz 1 8 46 1 3 0 0 edward Hall , of the Class of , and about other manuscripts purchased for the Library in India by Pro fe s

L . n e sor anman Many of the pri t d books were given by Dr . “T 1 83 8 Henry are Wales , of the Class of ; to increase

b . e n e the collection , his rother , Mr G orge Washi gton Wal s , gave for many years $ 20 0 a year ; and an income of $3 00 a year for the purchase of books in this depart ment has lately become available , provided from a fund

u . 1 89 9 beq eathed by the former In , a further addition

500 o e e . of nearly v lum s was rec ived from Mr Hall , and

a d at the de th of Mr . Henry C . Warren , of Cambri ge , a large p art of his valuable library of Sanskrit literature was added to this collection . The collection of classical literature and philology forms one of the large and important divisions o f the L L ibrary , comprising all the principal Greek and atin authors both in early and in later critical editions and

t e c commen ari s . There is also mu h material on classic al archaeology and philology . The whole collection includes nearly volumes . An extensive collection of Ju d a e o - German ( Yiddish) l books , and another of Slovak iterature have been gath ered through the efforts of Professor Wiener . 59

The Library is well supplied , particularly with the older

o bo ks , in all departments of theology and Biblical eriti c is m o o . The c llecti n of printed sermons probably numbers about 88 1 8 62 In 1 8 , John Harvey Treat , of the Class of , presente d his c ollection of works on ritualism and d o c tri 58 7 l a te l the nal theology , numbering titles ; and y col o lection of books on the catacombs and early Christian antiquities has been largely increased at his expense .

e The collection of music , including both print d books e c r lating to music and musical s ores , numbers over volumes . Provision for its increase is made by a fund

B o o tt 1 83 1 . left by Francis , of the Class of The collection of books on the theatre is based on the

th e L L library formed by late Robert W . owe , of ondon ,

1 9 03 . N e w . and presented in by Mr John Drew , of York

n Additio s have since been made , largely by means of gifts from a recent graduate in Boston , until the collee

n e w tion numbers volumes . The library of Professor Charles Eliot Norton was pre 1 9 0 5 sented in by a few of his friends and admirers , and the

the rarer portion of collection has already been received .

o 60 0 it e C ntaining only about volumes , was neverthel ss

t e m a most precious addi ion . Th re are many speci ens of

- early printing and of early wood cut engraving , and also

r a number of old manusc ipts . There are rare ﬁrst edi

e tions of such authors as Shell y , Keats , and Words worth , and also many books that are interesting from having belonged to eminent men and bearing their autographs . There is a special fund for adding other rare books to the collection from time to time . 60

1 9 03 In , the collections formed by the late Professor Ferdin a nd BOc he r on Moliere and the dramatists contem p o ra ry with hi m and on Montaigne ( about volumes

e e . and pamphl ts ) w re presented by Mr James H . Hyde , ’ u 9 8 . A catalog e of the portion relating to Moliere was

t n 7 issued as Bibliographical Con ributio , No . 5 . 1 89 4 In , the private library of Francis Parkman was . e received by bequ st . m L The fa ily of the poet ongfellow , Smith Professor , 1 83 6 —54 L , have given to the ibrary from time to time vol m umes of American poetry , ost of them presentation

n n 0 0 7 . copies , amounti g altogether to early volumes Charles Sumner bequeathed his whole library to Har

1 8 74 . vard in The collection was a general one , but it embraces many books of curious and bibliographical ’ n interest , and interesting autographs . Sum er s corre s o n de nc e 1 7 1 u p , mounted in vol mes , has also come to the L L ibrary since the death of Mr . Edward . Pierce , his biographer . 1 89 2 In , Mr . John Bartlett , of Cambridge , gave to the L ibrary his collection of books on angling , ﬁshes , and

u 1 0 1 4 269 . ﬁsh cult re , numbering volumes and pamphlets

Mr . Bartlett also gave his collection of Proverbs and

250 . Emblems , comprising about volumes The collection of loose maps numbers over

Sheets , the basis of it being that formed by the late Pro fe sso r e L Eb ling of Germany , which came to the ibrary 1 with his collection of Americana in 8 1 8 . It has been m added to fro time to time , particularly so as to complete the cartographical publications of the United States gov e rnm e nt and the topographical surveys of the principal

European countries . The collection of bound maps and atlases numbers over 9 00 volumes . 6 1

Catalogues of m any of the special collections mentioned a bove have been printed in the series of Bibliographical

Contribution s issued by the Library from time to time .

T he n iv e rsi t Ar chiv es L U y are kept in the ibrary , the

L ibrarian being also keeper of the University Records . Supplementary to the Archives is a collection of Har

ia a n v a rd n 4500 . , umbering over volumes and p amphlets

’ T h e Pr e s i d e n t s Ho us r e , the central of the th ee

dwellings on the Quincy Street side of the Yard , was

c o m l e te d in 1 8 6 1 p July , , at a cost of over paid from a fund established by a gift of received in

1 846 . . . April , , from the Hon Peter C Brooks It has

been occupied by President Felton , President Hill , and

President Eliot .

The house to the south of the President’s House was i 1 8 20 1 822 bu lt about by Dr . Thomas Foster . From to

1 83 2 n it was the home of the poet , Richard H . D a a , and here in 1 83 0 his Sister was married to Washington 1 3 9 Allston . In 8 a revolving dome was erected on the top of the house and it became the ﬁrst Observatory o f 44 the College , being occupied from 1 83 9 to 1 8 by William

n n Cra ch Bond , the ﬁrst Harvard As tro omer . For many years it was the residence of Professor ( afterwards Presi

. L dent) Cornelius C Felton . ater it was occupied by

. . 1 8 26 v Dr Andrew P Peabody , Class of , the belo ed

m 1 1 8 Its Preacher to the University fro 8 60 to 8 1 . p resent occupant is Professor George Herbert Palmer .

The house adjoining the President’s on the north was long occupied by Professor Josiah Parsons Cooke ; its 62

next occupant was Professor N . S . Shaler , Dean of the Scientiﬁc School ; it is now the residence of Professor

W . W . Fenn , Dean of the Divinity School .

H v 1 a r a r n i o n . 60 . T h e d U . See p

r r e n H o us e W a , formerly the residence of Professor

MOri n Charles Beck , then of his daughter , Mrs . g, and

ﬁnally of the late Henry Clarke Warren , of the Class of 1 8 79 , a Sanskrit scholar and a generous benefactor of

v v t Har ard Uni ersity , was bequeathed to the Universi y by

o n — its last owner with the land which it stood , the

n present Site of the Harvard U ion . The hous e is now used by the Departme nt of Indic L Philology and by the Division o f Modern anguages ,

S a n skri t L ibra r 9 00 T he and contains the y ( volumes ) ,

Chi ld Me m o ria l L ibra r 450 0 T he y of English ( volumes) , L o w ell Mem o ri a l L i bra ry of R o m a n ce L ite ra tu r e ( 1 50 0

T he L ibra r o the F r en ch D e a rtm e nt 2500 volumes ) , y f p (

u The L ibra r o the Ge rm a n D e a rtm e n t vol mes ) , and y f p

( 1 3 00 volumes ) . There are also rooms for the meeting o f some of the smaller advanced courses i n these depart ments . T he Child Mem o ria l L ibra ry w a s founded in 1 89 7 by a subscription among the friends and the form er p u pils o f P rofessor Francis James Child to perpetuate the memory of his services to the University and to learning . T his subscription resulted in a sum of nearly the income of whic h is Spent under the direction of the Department of English for the purchase of books relating t o the study of English .

6 4

3 40 m d cases with over electrotype reproductions , a e from

the the originals in British Museum , of coins struck in

1 0 00 A D India before the Mohammedan invasion of . . The library also possess e s the Siamese editio n of the 3 9 Sacred Books of the Buddhists , in volumes , made by the King of Siam to commemorate the 25th anniversary

th e n e of his accession to thro , and by him given to the

University .

E m e r s o n H a l l hi , the building for P losophy , is situ e ated in the College Yard south of S ver Hall . It was

e 1 9 05 complet d in December , , and its cost , including

equipment , was approximately This sum was

contributed by various friends of the University . The largest Single gift was one of from an anony

mous donor , of which was applied to the building

fund , and to be used as a perm anent endow

ment for the Department of Social Ethics . was contributed anonymously for furnitu re for the equipment L for the Psychological aboratory , and for the decoration

he of t Committee Room . The building was designed by

L . Mr . Guy owell , of Boston In the main hall of the ﬁrst ﬂoor there stands a large bronze statue of Emerson by Mr . Frank Duveneck , of

Cincinnati . This ﬂoor contains a large lecture hall seat m 500 n g , a seminary room , a co ference room , a com m itte e room for the u se of members of the D ivision of i r . Ph losophy, and three lectu e rooms The second ﬂoor contains the general Library of Phil osophy and the various rooms used by the Department of L Social Ethics . The ibrary of Philosophy contain s over 29 0 0 bound volumes and all of the more important phil 6 5

o s0 phi c a l a nd psychological periodicals . Most of the

L . bo o ks b e long to the Robbins ibrary , the gift of Mr

1 89 2. Reginald C . Robbins , of Boston , of the Class of This gift provided for the purchase of s e lected works on the History of Philosophy , Systematic Philosophy ,

Logic , Aesthetics , Philosophy of Religion , and Ethics . t t The Schelling Collec ion , comprising ﬁrst edi ions of this ’ author s writings and numerous volumes of contempo

t . rary criticism , was the gif of Professor Josiah Royce There is also a special collection of books relating to

Psychology . The rooms of the Social Ethics Departm e nt include a 200 lecture room with a capacity of , a seminary room , a

o m conference r o , a library , and two rooms occupied by 1 9 00 the So c ial Museum . The library of volumes is a

o spec ial c llection for the use of students of Social Ethics , with conveniences for study and research . The Social Museum is a c ollection of graphical material illustrating by photographs , models , diagrams , and charts many movements of social welfare and industrial progress . Among such ill u strative material may be named the ex i i L h b ts made at the St . ouis Exposition by the German

- Government Insurance System , and by German indus trial establishments concerned with the welfare o f their

n e worki g people ; xhibits from France , Belgium , Italy ,

c o O e ra tio n and Japan , illustrating p , municipal progress ,

n hil a n thrO ic improved dwelli gs , and p p institutions ; a partial d u plicate of the exhibit of the Un ited States

o f L Bureau abor concerning wages , strikes , and trade u nions ; charts representing life insu rance statistics ; illustrations of welfare work in American industries ° photographic collections illustrating charity , industrial methods , immigration , p rison reform , etc . 6 6

T he third ﬂoor is occu pied by the Psychological Labo

e 1 89 1 rat ry , founded in by Professor William James . It

e comprises a l cture room with demonstration apparatus , a class room , a Vivarium for the students in Comparative

Psychology , a workshop for the making and repairing o f

m - instru ents , a store room for these , a battery room from L which electricity is distributed through the aboratory , a t ﬁ pho ographic room , and fteen research rooms . Aside

u t from the instr men al equipment , many of the rooms embody special features of design that adapt them to the requireme nts of the most diverse psychological investi

a i ns g t o .

v r H a l l 1 880 S e e , completed in at a cost of about i m s . na ed for Mrs Ann E . P . Sever who left

to the College . It was designed by Henry 9 1 8 5 . Hobson Richardson , of the Class of It contains

3 7 e . rooms , used chieﬂy for r citations and lectures The special library of th e D ep a rtm e nt of l Vl a the m a tics is te m p o ra rily pl a ced in Sever Hall until more suitable provision L in the College ibrary or elsewhere sh all be made for it . In the various rooms are displayed nu m erous photographic

n reproductions , includi g portraits of literary and historical

o h celebrities , imp rtant paintings , and views of istorical

c scenes and buildings and of Paris and other French ities . There are also numerous plaster casts of ancient and

o f o l lectio n o la ssi c a l modern objects art . The C f C A n tiq u ities in Sever 25 and 27 consists of o riginal material for the study of archaeology and art , such as

Greek and Roman coins , vases and terra cottas , Roman

ri inscriptions , and specimens of building mate als ( includ

a ing a l rge number of specimens of Roman marbles) .

6 7

Person s interested c a n usually get access to the room s by

fﬁ c e his e applying to the o er in charg , or , in absenc , to the porter of the hall .

l n o bi n s o n Jr H a l l N e s o R . , the Architecture

u c B ilding , in the College Yard , at the corner of Quin y

u 1 9 00—0 1 Street and Broadway , was b ilt in , and , with its

n o f equipme t and endowment , was given by the parents

n r N e w 1 9 00 J . Nelson Robinso , , of York , of the Class of , e as a memorial to him , th ir only child , who died in his

Junior year at College . The entire gift building ,

— h o equipment , and endowment approac ed half a milli n l dollars . The building contains on the ground ﬂoor a hal

c of casts , a large le ture room , a room for freehand draw ing , an exhibition room , a small lecture room , and a

? o room for modelling, besides instructors and coat ro ms . 1 This ﬂoor is open to visitors from to 5 in the afternoon .

To visit the other parts of the building , one must be f accompanied by an o ﬁcer of the University . The hall of

n o casts , which ru s through two st ries , contains full size casts of important architectural subjects . These include one corner of the temple of Nike A p te ro s ( the Wingles V f ictory ) rom the Acropolis at Athens , the orders of the

e m Ha l ika r Temple of Theseus at Athens , the Mausol u at n a ss u s V , the temple of esta at Tivoli , and a part of the Arch of Trajan at B e n e v e n t u m ; on the western wall i s a cast of the balcony and window enframement of the C a n c e ll e ria i a palace in Rome . Th s hall also contains c sts of the fountain by Ve rro c hio in the courtyard of the Pa lazzo Vecchio in Florence ; of the Roman altar fou n d at Ostia ; of an Egyptian lion from the Vatican Museum of the bronze statue of the charioteer recently excavated at 68

Delphi ; of the D ia d u m e n o s of Delos ; of a table stand from the house o f Cornelius Rufus at Pompeii and exam

a a c e ples of Greek c pitals and of Rom n corni es , vas s ,

c c . e Renaissan e andelabra , and a few smaller objects Ther

e o f o a are also a numb r riginal marbles , chieﬂy Rom n and

Italian Renaissance . Among them are several Cor in thi a n c i apitals of d fferent periods , two marble Shafts found near the railroad station in Rome , fragments of

a nd m c andelabra cornices , and an ancient marble Ro an

th e Corinthian capital found at Corneto , gift of several h graduates in architecture . A full size cast of t e door way of the Temple of Herc u les at Cori serves as the

in t enframement of the large entrance door his hall . Serving in the same capacity fo r the door of the large lecture room Opposite the main entrance there is a cast of a doorway in the interior of the Palazzo di Ven e zi a in

e m tw o ste re O Rome . This l cture roo is provided with p ticons in a gallery , and contains on its walls in glass cases

m a nd ﬁne exa ples of textiles , prints , embroideries , mostly l Oriental . There a so hang on the rear wall some drawings by m odern artists and copies of the work of old European masters . At the northeastern end of the corridor is the

e room for fr ehand drawing , containing an interesting col

a rc hite c lection of casts , mainly of subjects of mediaeval L ture , such as capitals from the triforium galleryof aon

Cathedral , crockets from Troyes , details from Rheims ,

m a and Ro nesque capitals from Moissac . On the walls a nd i n the cas e s provided for the purpose are especially v aluable collections o f a rchitectural drawings in water Color and penc il by such Eng lish masters as Turner

Prout , Cox , Girtin , Harding and Cotman , Ruskin , Hol land , and Burney . There is also a collection of American

6 9

drawings , the larger number of which are by Joseph

e Lindon Smith . Many of thes are loaned to the depart

n m m ent by their ow er , Dr . Den an W . ROS S . Mrs . David m n 1 9 0 1 P . Kimball , of Boston , presented to the depart e t in th e large painti n g of the rock - cut temple of Abu Simbel whic h hangs in this room . The corresponding painting

w a s e of the interior of the temple of Philae giv n by Mr .

1 9 0 5. n A . C . Hemenway in Both pai tings are the work

L . . of Mr . J . Smith Just outside the door to the freehand drawing room in the corridor are full Size casts of portions of the R e naissance choir screen in Chartres Cathedral . At the left of the western entrance is a ro om now used

fo r c n chieﬂy advanced lasses in drawing , co taining many d casts of Greek , Roman , and Renaissance etail on its

c o f walls , and in glass ases in the centre the room are

e ‘ examples of pottery , chi ﬂy Oriental , loaned to the de R m a rtm e nt . . . p by Dr Denman W oss The roo opposite , to the right of the west entrance , is used as an exhibition i room for building materials , models , etc . It conta ns a model o f two bays of th e nave of the C athedral of m Rhei s .

c t The se ond s ory contains the large drawing rooms , and in close con nection with these are the library and a small drawing room .

T h e Wil l i a m H a ye s F o gg A r t Mus e um

n nearly opposite Memorial Hall , is a ﬁreproof buildi g of

n n I dia a stone , erected at a cost of about It 1 8 was completed in the year 9 5. It was founded by Mrs .

E o m n lizabeth Fogg , of New Y rk , in me ory of her husba d ,

n whose ame it bears . Mrs . Fogg bequeathed to the 7 0

President and Fellows for this p urpose the sum of

O u t su m its of this , with accrued interest after the cost of the building had been paid , the expenses

e w of the ﬁrst equipment of the Mus um ere met , and the remainder ( about is re served as a fu n d to defray m a part of the cost of aintenance and administration .

n - The building is of two stories , havi g a lecture room , with a seating cap acity of about five hundred , attached . The ground floor is divide d into a large h all and five smaller rooms . In the main exhibition hall are gathered

t e several importan original works of Greek sculptur , as follows : A marble statue of Meleager found in the year 1 89 5 at S an Marinella , near Rome ; an Aphrodite and a

o Narcissus , also in marble ; a c lossal head in red marble ;

d - e a n . several Greek and Greco Roman reliefs Her are ,

e e also , casts of some of the ﬁnest xamples of Gr ek and

- Greco Roman sculpture , illustrating the work of all periods

e O f Greek art . Among the important obj cts represented are the colossal stat u e of Apollo from the temple of Zeus at Olympia ; a large portion of the frieze and the pedi ment sculptures of the Parthenon ; the Hermes of Praxi teles ; the Venus of Melos vario us sculptures lately foun d at Epida u rus ; a colossal relief from the Arch of

a n e e n u m Traj n at B e v t and others . In the middle west room is a small num ber of casts from Egyptian and A S syrian sculptures ; in the northwest roo m a classiﬁed

o collection of electrotypes fr m Greek and Roman coins ,

o a small c llection of ﬁne Greek vases , ancient bronzes ,

m u gold orna ents , and glass cinerary rns , and a collection

he of French and Italian medals of t Renaissance . In

o m e the east room are a few casts fr m diaeval sculptures , and a conside rable numb e r of casts from sculptures of

7 2

‘ tables a re provided for convenie n t e x a m i n a tio n o f the

o c n phot graphs , and conveniences for tra ing , copyi g , and

- note taking are afforded .

In the larger east room on this ﬂoor , and in a part of

e the great gallery , are d posited the Gray and the Randall collections of engravings , which together include about

prints . The Gray Collection was bequeathed to

e e Harvard Coll g , with provision for its increase and main t e n a nc e r 1 80 , by F ancis Calley Gray , of the Class of 9 . It is ri c h in prints from the works of the gre at early German and Italian wood and metal e n gravers and etchers ; and contains many speci m ens of later fo rms of

n engravi g , including numerous examples of more modern work . This collection is exhibited by relays in glazed dust - proof cases ; and acce ss to the prints in the storage

m a d e cases y always be had , un er suitable r gulations , on application to the Director or his assistants . The Ran dall Collection was given to the College in the year 1 89 2 by Miss Belinda L . Randall in accordance

e with the wishes of her broth r , John Witt Randall , of 1 83 4 the Class of , together with the sum of to establish a fund , the income of which is to be used , so far

n r as it may be eeded , for the care and p eservation of the prints ; any surplus income may be used at the disere tion of the President and Fello ws for the general purposes of “ the department of Engravin gs a n d allied bran ches of ” e c . the Fine Arts . This larg ollection , gathered by Mr

to Randall illustrate the history of the art of engraving , contains some very important prints . The Randall Collection is accessible under the same re gulations as those which apply to the Gray Collection .

M. The Museum is open to the public from 9 A . till

- M 1 5 P . . 5 P . M . on week days , and on Sundays from till 73

T h e Ge r m a n i c Mus e um is temporarily housed in

di m w the the Rogers Buil ng , ore generally kno n as Old 1 858 t Gymnasium . This was built in at a cos of about of whic h was given anonymously by a graduate of the University . The name of the donor was made known after his death ; he w as Henry Brom

l e 1 822. ﬁ e d Rog rs , of the Class of Until the erection of m 1 8 78 the Hemenway Gymnasiu in , this building was used as a gymnasium ; it then served as a storeh o use 1 89 4 and carpenter Shop till , when it was occupied and m re odelled by the Department of Engineering , which 1 9 0 2 continued to occupy it until , when the depart ment removed to Pierce Hall . l

The Germanic Museum. is intended to i lustrate by means of plaster casts and other kinds of reproduction the outward asp e ct of the development of Germanic civili

z a tio n . The present collection , apart from a large number of photographs of Germ an archite ctural and sc u lptural monuments chieﬂy from the Ko’niglich Preussische Mess bil d a nsta l t t re re , con ains models and reproductions of p se nta tiv e works of German industry and art from the ﬁrst

u to the eighteenth cent ry . Among them are the follow ing : A ﬁgure of a Roman soldier ( 1 st century) a m odel the 5th of Nydam Boat , from the Museum of Kiel ( cen m tury) a ﬁgure of a Frankish Warrior , fro the Museum of Mainz ( 7th century) ; the Bernward Column and the bronze gates of Hildesheim Cathedral ( 1 1 th cen tury) ; ’ h Choir Screen of St . Michael s at Hildesheim ( 1 2t century) ; the Golden Gate of Freiberg Cathedral ( 1 3 th century ) statues of Emperor Henry II , Empress Kuni gunde and a Sibyl from Bamberg Cathedra l ( 1 3 th cen ’ tury) ; the Rood - Screen and eleven Founders statues 74

from N a u m b u rg Cathedral ( 1 3 th century) statues of a

e V S n a o a Wis and a Foolish irgin , of the Ecclesia and y g g ,

a n d V e of two irtues , and a relief of the D ath of Mary from Strassb u rg Cathedral ( 1 3 th century ) the Praying Virgin of the Ger m anic Museum a t N u rnb e rg ( 1 5th century) ; a model of the Ho hko n igs b u rg in Alsace ( 1 5th century ) ﬁgure of a Swiss Warrior from a fountain ’ at Schaffhausen ( 1 6 th century ) Peter Visc h e r s Tomb of ’ S e ba ld s N ii rnb e r n St . at g, Tomb of Cou t and Countess R Om hil d of Henneberg at , and statue of King Arthur at Innsbruck ; statue of Emperor Maximilian from his Tomb

' ’ at Innsbruck ; reliefs and statuettes from Brugge m a nn s ’ Altarpiece at S c hleswig Cathedral ; Adam Kraft s Seventh

Station ; Renaissance door from the Hirschvogel Saal , N ii rnb e rg ; g a lvanoplastic repro ductio ns of plaquettes by Fl o e tne r a n d other masters of the 1 6th ce ntury ; Andreas ’ S c hl iite r s equestrian statue of the Great Elector at ’ S c h a do w s Berlin ; statue of Frederick the Great. at S tettin ; ga l v a n O p l a stic reproductions of representative ’ spec imens of German go ld and Silversmith s work from 1 1 8 the 5th to the th century . The Museum is Open to the public Mondays and M 5 M 9 A . . P . . Fridays from till , and Thursdays and 1 5 M P . Sundays from till .

M m r i a l H a l l n n e r Th a tr — W e o a d S a d s e e . hen the President and Fellows voted to accept this building , “ they took occasio n to s ay of it that it was the most

ni valuable gift which the U versity has ever received , in

S i n iﬁ respect alike to cost , daily usefulness , and moral g

e canc e . The daily us fulness of the building is chieﬂy d u e to its western end , which serves as a dining hall for

7 5 st u d e nts ; the eastern end is the principal pl a ce of assem bly on occasions of academi c c e remo nial ; the moral signiﬁcance of the whole is se t forth especially in the

c t . transept , whi h one en ers ﬁrst

a e Sanders The tre , as the astern end is called , is named 1 80 2 for Charles Sanders , of the Class of , from whose bequest it was built ; The dining hall and the transept

o f were built by a committee the alumni , with funds given

o f by numerous graduates and friends the University , as a memorial to the sons of Harvard who fought for the preservation of the Union , and especially to those who fell . 1 8 65 At a meeting of graduates in Boston , in May , , a committee of eleven w a s appointed to consider the su bject m of a permanent emorial . They reported at the next

Commencement in favor of a memorial hall . A commit

o f tee ﬁfty was named , with full power to act . Charles L 1 8 1 2 Greely oring , of the Class of , was made chairman , and many disting u ished gentlemen were among his asso ciates . The plan of a memorial hall , providing a meeting

e m plac for the alu ni , a dining hall for the students , and a

m t he e v comme orative monument to Soldi rs of Har ard , was t t 1 8 52 adop ed ; William Rober Ware , of the Class of , and

V 1 854 n Henry an Brunt , of the Class of , were appoi ted archit ects and a building committee and a comm ittee on

he T h e ﬁnance were appointed to carry out t work . old “ ” w a s Delta , long a playground , secured for a site , the

e University obtaining Jarvis Field in exchang . The

- 6 1 8 70 corner stone was laid October , ; the dining hall and the memorial vestibule were ﬁnished in the summer of 1 8 74 ; S anders Theatre was ﬁrst occupied Com m ence

1 8 7 6 . ment Day , The whole building was transferred to 7 6

1 8 78 . the President and Fellows in July , The total cost up to th a t time was Many additio ns and

e e e adornments have since b en giv n by class s , individu al

n n a nd e . the graduates , fri ds The extreme le gth of build ing is 3 0 5feet ; the width through the axis o f the transept 1 is 1 1 3 feet ; the tower is 9 0 feet high . The clock in the

r the 1 8 72 towe is gift of the Class of , and was placed

1 89 7 e there in On the ext rior of the theatre , at the east — end , are busts of seven orators Demosthenes , Cicero ,

m e e St . Chrysosto , Bossu t , Pitt , Burk , and Webster , all

u h exec ted in sandstone by John Evans , of Boston ; at t e

i n west end , the cloister porch , are a marble statue of

President Everett , by Hiram Powers , a bronze bust of

W a nd President alker , by Miss Anne Whitney , a tablet Edw erected to the memory of ard Augustus Wild , of the

1 844 Vo l u n Class of , Brigadier General , United States

c teers . The iron gates of the loister were given by a member of the Class of 1 8 7 1 . Inscription

C v G O OD N OW ~ A o B ~ I 87 1 FORES SVA PEC F

The inscriptions on the ou tside of the building are as follows

The dedicatory inscription , beginning above the south entrance to the transept and ending above the north entrance , is as follows

MEMORIAE E OR V M QV I HIS IN S E D IB V S INST ITV T I MORTEM PRO PATRIA OPPE T IV E R V NT VT V IR T VT I S EXEMPLA SEMPER A PV D vos VIGEANT S OD A L E S A MICIQV E PO SV E R V NT

7 8

On the east wall near the south entrance , from Cicero ,

Phi li i cs 1 4 3 4 pp , ,

OPTIMA EST HAEC C O N S O L A T I O

PAR E N T IB V S 0 Q V O D TANTA R E I PV B L I C A E PRAESIDIA G E N V E R V N T

LIB E R I S Q V O D 0 HAB E B VN T DOMESTICA EXEMPLA V I R T V T I S

C O N IV G IB V S Q V O D 0 I IS 0 VIRIS C AR E B V N T Q V O S L AV D A R E QV A M L V G E R E PR A E S T A B IT

Translation : This is the best comfort unto their p arents , that they have begotten such strong defences of the Republic , unto their children that they shall have

o w n m of their kindred exa ples of manhood , unto their w ives that they shall be widows of husbands ﬁtter for h e ulogy t an for weeds .

- e nd l o V At the other of the east wa l , fr m the ulgate L 1 7 3 3 version of St . uke , ,

Q V I CV NQV E QV AE SIE R IT ANIMAM SVAM SALVAM FACERE PE R D E T IL LA M ’ E T QV I C VN QV E PER D ID E R I I IL L A M V IV I F I CA B IT E A M

Whosoever shall seek to save his life Shall lose it ;

n d a whosoever shall lose his life Shall preserve it .

w mL Belo this is the hexameter verse , adapted fro ucre 3 8 69 tius , ,

MORTALEM VITAM MORS IN MOR TA L I S A D E MIT That is

Immortal death hath reft their mortal life away .

On the west wall , proceeding from south to north ’ ’ Cicero s version o f S im o nide s s epig ram on the Spartan s

D is 1 a T u sc . 1 1 0 who fell at Thermopyl e ( . p , )

D I C HOSPE S S PAR TA E N O S T E HI C V ID I S SE IA C E NTE S D Y M SANCTIS PATRIAE L E GIB V S OB SE QV IMVR 79

Translation

Tell Sparta , friend , you saw us lying here ’ Obedient to our country s holy laws .

Phili i cs 1 4 3 1 From Cicero , pp , ,

O F OR TVN ATA MORS QVA E NAT VR AE DEBITA PR O PATRIA E S T POTI S SI MV M REDDITA

Tran slation : O happy death whe n the debt to Nature is paid with free choice for one’s native land

Wi sdo m o S o lo m o n 4 1 3 Adapted from the f , ,

C ONSV MMATI IN BREVI E XPL E V E R V N T TEMPORA MV LTA

“ They , being made perfect in a short time , fulﬁlled a long time .

Am hitru o 649 From Plautus , p ,

V IR T V S OMNIB V S R E B V S 0 AN TE IT PR OFE CT O

LIBERTAS SAL V S VITA R E S E T PARENTES E T PATRIA E T PROGNATI T V T A N T VR S E R VA NTVR Translation

’ u su r a ss e th In sooth , tis Co rage that p all w The atch and ward of freedom , safety , life

n Of fortune , pare ts , offspring , fatherland .

Phil i i cs 1 4 3 0 From Cicero , pp , ,

GRATA E OR V M V IR TVTE M MEMORIA PR OSE QV I Q V I PR O PATRIA VITAM PR O FV D ER V NT

Translation With grateful memory to honor them th at h d ave yiel ed up life for native land . 80

Phil i i cs 1 4 3 2 From Cicero , pp , ,

BREVIS A N ATV R A NOBIS VITA DATA E ST AT MEMORIA BENE R E D D IT AE VITAE SEMPITERNA

Translation : A short life hath been given by Nature unto man ; but the remembrance of a life laid down in a

good cause endureth for ever .

An ti theta 5 D e A u m enti s S ci en ti From Bacon , , in his g a ru m lib 6 , .

B R V T OR V M AETERNITAS S V B OLE S V IR OR V M FAMA MERITA E T I NST IT V TA

’ “ E ssa s 7 e n Compare Bacon s y , The perpetuity by g c ration is common to beasts ; but memory , merit , and noble works are pre per to man .

M sdo m o S o l o m o n 4 1 Adap ted from the f , ,

IN MOR TALI S E ST ENIM 0 MEMORIA IL L OR V M QV ON IAM E T A PV D D E V M NOTA E ST ET A PV D HOMINES

“ “ Translation : The memorial of these is immortal ” u beca se it is known with God , and with men .

Above the small doors in the west wall

AB EV NT STUDIA IN MORES

E istl e o S a ho to Pha o n From the Ovidian p f p p , and

: meaning Our studies breed our habits .

RECTI CV L TV S PECTORA ROBORANT

Odes 4 4 3 4 : From Horace , , , , , meaning Right train ing is the strength of character .

l his life , he dedicated himse f anew to the service of God .

The L atin words a re a translation by Mr . Brimme r from the passage in a French life o f the Saint SI TIBI OPV S

V EST MEO LABORE NON R E C S O LABOREM . In English

If my labor can serve thee , I will not withhold it .

The inscription on the middle pan el is SALVE QV I S QV I S A D E s E OR V M A D S PIC I S NOMINA HAR V A R D IAN OR V M Q V I FERVIDI A D V LE S C E NT E S SEV PLE N IOR E VIRI CONSILIO VT INTEGRA MA N ER E T RES PV B L I C A O PPE T IV E R V N T MORTEM QV A E MOR I E N TE S C ON SE R V A B AN T ILLI EA TV COLITO D V M VIVIS VT HOMINES A PV D NOS MAGIS SINT LIBERI BEATI CONCORDES

h ’ ’ : w o e e r . Translation Greeting , thou art Thou see st the nam es of the m e n of Harvard who in ardent youth or manhood’s riper resolution laid down their lives that the

e c Republic might live . Pattern thy lif by the prin iples they maintained in death , to make men freer , happier , and more united .

At the bottom of the window

MAR T IN VS BRIMMER A LV MN V S S O C IV S D ONV M DEDIT i s B rl m m e r . that , The gift of Martin , Alumnus and Fellow 1 829 1 89 6 The two dates , and , are those of the birth and death of Mr . Brimmer . 8 3

e In the north window are the names of the Virtu s . From the transept tw o d o o rways l e ad to the ﬂoor of

tw o the Sanders Theatre , and stairways to balcony and the

T he h gallery . T eatre is polygonal ; the stage is at the

e th e e w e . w st end , and seats ris to ards the astern walls 1 0 The seating capacity is about 3 0 . Above the stage is

u a canopy , serving as a so nding board , and a small

c ga llery for musicians . The ins ription on the wall above the gallery is as follows

HI C I N S ILV E S T R IB V S

E T I N C V L T I S LOCIS

ANG LI DOMO PR O F V G I

ANNO POST C HR IS T V M N A T VM 0 1 0 1 0 C XXXVI

POST C O L O N IA M HV C D E D V C T A M V I

S A PI E N T IA M RATI ANTE OMNIA C O L E N D AM

S C HO L AM PUBLICE C O N D ID E R V N T

C O N D IT A M CH R ISTO E T ECCLESIAE D IC A V E R VN T

Q V A E 0 A VC T A I O HAN N IS HARVARD MV N IF IC E N T IA

A L IT T E R AR V M: F AV T O R IB V S C VM N O S T R A T I B V S 0 T V M E XT E R N I S

I D E N T I D E M A D IV T A

A LV MN O R V M 0 D E N IQV E FIDEI COMMISSA

AB E XIGV I S PE R D V C T A IN IT II S A D MAI O R A R E R V M INCREMENTA

PR AE S ID VM S O C IO R V M IN S PE C T O R VM' S E N AT V S A C AD E MIC I

C O N S IL II S 0 E T PR V D E NT IA 0 E T OVRA

O PT VMA S ARTES V IR T V T E S PV B L I C A S 0 PR IVA T A S

C O LV IT C O L IT

Q VI ° AVT E Mo D O C T I ° F V E R IN T ° F V L G E B V N T 0 QVA S I ° SPLENDOR FIRMAMENTI

E T Q V I A D IV S T IT I AM v E R V D IV N T MV L T O S

Q V A S I S T E LL A E I N PE R PE T V A S AE T E R N IT A T E S 8 4

Translation

Here in the w o ods and wilds

Englishmen , fugitives from home , L 1 63 6 in the year of our ord ,

e n the sixth after the settl ment of the Colo y ,

t o holding that the ﬁrst thing cultivate was wisdom , founded a C o lle ge by public enactment

and dedicated it to Christ and his Church .

the Upraised by generosity of John Harvard , aided again and again by patrons of learning both here and abroad

entrusted ﬁnally to the charge of its alumni , from small beginnings guided to a growth of greater powers

by the judgment , foresight , and care t of its Presiden s , Fellows , Overseers , and Faculties , it has ever cultivated the liberal arts and public and

private virtues ,

and cultivate s them still .

The rest of the inscription is from the Vulgate tra nsl a “ 1 2 3 : tion of the book of Daniel , , And they that be wise Shall Shine as the brightness of the ﬁ rm a m e nt ; and they that turn "many to righteousness as the stars for e ver and ever .

In the pan el at the north side of th e gallery is the donor’s inscription

C AR O LV S - SANDERS A - B - ANNI - C IO - Io - C C O - II

THE ATR V M

A L V MN IS A C A D E MI C I S

o SVA PEC F .

8 6

can be seated at one time , as many as persons can

n e w be easily accommodated . Beneath the addition are the stoves and soup kettles , and beneath the main hall ’ - n are the general store rooms , refrigerati g plant , steward s

n ofﬁce , and dini g rooms for the waiters . Everything pertaining to the operation of the building , including the t manufacture of ice and electricity , is provided wi hin the t walls . Those who take their meals here consti ute the Harvard Dining Association , and through a board of

e directors , chosen by the memb rs , administer , under certain regulations of the President and Fellows , the

n affairs of the Associatio . Inside the hall a re busts and por traits of alumni and

e S b nefactors , each marked with the nam e of the ubject w and the artist . The great western window Sho s the

the armorial bearings of the nation , state , and the Uni

a n d versity . The stained glass windows on the north the south are all memorial windows , most of them given by college classes . Beginning on the left as one enters , the ﬁgures in the windows and the inscriptions are as follows :

1 8 6 6 W' 1 . Window of the Class of ; by Sarah yman

W t he Whitman , designer of the great south indow in

th e t transept . Figures on lef representing Honor , on the right —representin g Peace, inscribed below HONOR and

PAX , respectively .

o f 1 8 59 L a . 2 . Window of the Class by John Farge

: h Subject Cornelia , mother of the Gracchi , s owing her sons to her Sister , who is playing with her jewelry . In

‘ n scription CORNELIA MATER G R A C C HOR V M. The follow ’ Cornelia s famous w ords : HAE C ORNAMENTA MEA SV NT “ e a re m Thes y jewels . 8 7

3 i w b He n r v . Dav s Memorial Windo ; y yHolliday ; gi en by the Davis family . Figures Columbus and Blake . In — — s c rip tio n s : At the tOp : Port Royal Memphis Fort

n - 1 442 o . I Pill w the left hand window Columbus , born

- a r 1 59 9 e 1 50 6 . : di d In the right h nd window Blake , bo n ,

1 657 . died The memorial inscription proper , occupying the lower part of both windows , is as follows

ME MOR UE CAROLI HENRICI DAVIS PR j -E F NAV VIRI ’ BELLI ET PACIS A R T IB V S PR JE SI‘ AN T IS N AT V S EST

’ - - - - - o - A - D - XV II o K F E B A C IO IO C C C VII MOR TV V S

A D XII K MART A C IO IO CCC a xx VII A LV MN V S

‘ - - - - - A - C IO - Io o c e c XXV L L D C IO IO CCC

V A N N S S IN GV L AR E M PR V D E N TI AM V IR TV T E M da O FIDEM AD R E IPV B LIC zE V T I LITAT E M ET S ALV T E M C ON TV L IT HV IC OB REM BENE N A V IB V S GE STA M GR AT I SSIMIS VERBIS GRATIAS E G IT S ENAT V S PO PV LV S Q V E AME R I CA NV S

: l Translation To the memory of Char es Henry D avis ,

n Rear Admiral in the Navy , emi ent in the arts of war and

. 1 6 1 80 7 d F e b ru of peace He was born January , ; die

1 n r 8 1 8 7 A B . 2 LL D ﬁft a 7 . 1 8 5 . . 1 8 68 . y , ; ; Duri g y

ﬁv e years he served and safeguarded the. Republic with

n a n d r the si gular loyalty , foresight , valor . He eceived grateful thanks of Congress and the American people n for his disti guished service in our ﬂeets . i 4 W . 1 844 indow of the Class of by Henry Holliday .

Figures Dante and Chaucer . Inscriptions Dante , born 2 1 65 1 21 . n 3 1 3 28 1 400 . B e , died Chaucer , bor , died low : MEMORIAE E OR V M Q V I HIS EX S E D IB V S A M D CCC XL IIII EGRESSI DE C ON L E GI O C ON D I S CI PV E L ISQ BENE S V NT MERITI S OD AL E S POSV ER V NT

Translation Erected by their c lassmates to the memory of the members of the Class of 1 844 who have earned the

e n gratitude of the College and of their f llow stude ts . 88

d 5. 1 857 C o Win ow of the Class of ; by Cottier . ,

L . : w ondon Subjects Sir Philip Sidney , and , belo , the Z b attle ﬁeld of utphen ; Epaminondas , and , below , a

n mother giving her son a shield . Inscriptio In Memory of those Classmates who fell in the War . Erected

A . D . 1 8 79 .

6 . n 1 8 60 La e Wi dow of the Class of ; by John Farg .

: E S ubject A battle Scene . Inscription : IN M MORIAM

MDCCCLX .

. 7 . h n 7 1 8 7 . Mc P e rs Window of the Class of ; by W J o .

ir Figures Charlemagne and S Thomas More .

w 1 8 54 C ro w nin 8 . Windo of the Class of ; by Frederic

1 8 68 . u : shield , of the Class of Fig res Sophocles and

Shakspere . Inscription under the ﬁgure of Shakspere

d n Had I a ozen sons , I had rather I had eleve die nobly for th e ir country than one voluptuously surfeit out of ” ri la n u s Co o 3 . : action . From , II , Below In memory of our classmates who fell in defence of the Union .

9 . This window is yet unﬁlled .

Crossing to the north side of the hall and beginning at the we st end :

1 8 75 . . . 1 . Window of the Class of ; by C E Mills

Figures L a Salle and Marquette . 1 855 2. Window of the Class of by the Church Glass

: B e r a n d Decorati ng Com pany of New York . Figures nard of Clairvaux and Godfrey of Bouillon . Below

FIDES SPES CAR ITAS F OR T IT V D O . The window is erected in memory of Phillips Brooks ’ 55 a n d n a 55 , General Francis Channi g B rlow , , and their faces are given to the ﬁgure s of Bernard and Godfrey , respectively .

9 0 non lauda il suo cumul atore dopo la su a vita come fa

e e la sci nza , la quale sempre e t stimonia e tromba del

o suo creatore . Translati n ( from a Class Re port) “ Riches in themselves bring no glory to their possessor a t his death , as knowledge does which is an everlasting

a witness and her ld to its creator .

IVin w 8 . d o 1 78 8 . . of the Class of ; by F D Millet .

: n m m Figures General Warre , and , below , the Co ittee h on the S uffolk Resolves . Jo n Eliot , and , below , Eliot i preach ng to the Indians .

1 8 74 e 9 . Window of the Class of ; by Edward Em rson f h o t 1 8 74 . : Simmons , e Class of Figures Themistocles and Aristides , typifying the reconciliation of the North

n 5 . 8 79 : ( with the South Inscriptio , from Herodotus , , 9

’ ’ ’ ' ' " ' 33 e keé o i O e w r o xlt e 3Ae e A t o r a 3 T aOe i ea fﬁ u ns , y p ns l n s

' ' ’ ’ O' T a o wiée w Xp ew v e o n 31/ 7 6 T C? d/Vtcp Ka tp o: Ka i Oi) Ka i e v ’ / 71 5386 n ep i 7 0 53 OKOT ep o s ﬁju éwv n Aew T iyu w a r m3a

é a o : p yoicrer t . Translati n And when Themistocles came out to him Aristides said At all times and chieﬂy now this Sh o uld b e our rivalry — which of us shall do most good to our country .

The Jo hn Ha rv a r d S ta tu e in the Delta , west of Me morial Hall , was designed by Mr . D aniel C . French .

It was the gift of S amuel James Bridge , and was erected in 1 884 .

a n d a l l H a l l R , at the corner of Kirkland Street and 1 89 8—9 9 Divinity Avenue , was built in , partly to aecom m o da te the overﬂow of students unable to obtain board at

c Memorial Hall , but also with a design to furnish heaper board than is offered by the Memorial Hall Dining Asso ia i n c t o . Of the which Randall Hall cost , STATUE O F JOH N HA R VAR D

9 2

L a w r e n c e H a l l o n e , situated Kirkland Stre t , north

Ho l w o rth 1 848 of y, was built in with a part of a gift of

1 8 47 Ho n L made in by . Abbott awrence, of

th e Boston , for beneﬁt of the Scientiﬁc School , which had

been established shortly before in Harvard University .

The building was , at ﬁrst , devoted to the chemical labo

i r ra to r e s . , library , etc , of P ofessor Horsford , who was

the ﬁrst professor chosen for the Scientiﬁc School . In 1 853 , rooms in this hall were assigned to Professor Eustis

i n . 1 849 for the courses engineering Since , Professor Eustis had shared with Professor Agassiz a s qu are wooden building erected for their joint u se on the site

. I II 1 8 7 1 now occupied by the Hemenway Gymnasium , Pro fessor Eustis occupied the w hole of the second and third ﬂoors of L awrence Hall ; and from that time until 1 9 0 1 October , , these rooms were the centre of the work

in engineering . Lawrence Hall was designed as the east wing of a

u m ch larger structure to be built for the Scientiﬁc School .

l n There was to be a central ha l runni g east and west ,

Wi . with a west ng , a counterpart of the present hall The east wing of Lawrence Hall was built as a resi dence for Professor Horsford , the entrance to the main

n building bei g then at the south end . This wing was later devoted to p urposes of instruction . It was given over abou t 1 89 3 to a L a bo ra to ry f o r the C o u rse s i n

An a to m Ph si o l o n d ie n e a H . y, y gy, yg The laboratory on the ﬁrst ﬂoor is devoted to instruction in human physiology and hygiene and to the investigation of problems in hygiene and the physiology of exercise .

One end of the room is ﬁtted up as a workshop , with

- screw cutting lathe , and the necessary metal and wood T HE N E W LECTU R E H A LL

T HE HE ME N VVA Y GYMNAS IUM

9 4

e I II e portraits of athlet s . the basem nt are bowling

e - l u n all ys , hand ba l co rts , and rooms for fencing , sparri g ,

e wrestling , and other exercis s . In the east end of the

d a re the buil ing locker , the bathing , and the dressing h m t 2500 e . t e a roo s , accommoda ing stud nts In re r is

e o an ar a covered with asphalt . This is encl sed by a high

f t fo r n - fence , and a fords facili ies ha d ball and other gym

e e nastic gam s and xercises .

T h e Je ffe r s o n Ph s i c a l L a b o r a t o r — I h 1 88 1 y y .

m e o o n Tho as J fferson C lidge , of Bosto , of the Class of

1 8 50 the l , gave to Col ege for a new physical laboratory , on condition that should be raised by s u bscription and the income appropriated to its sup

' r T h e ﬁ b 1 4 . 88 port building was nished in Octo er , , and

e c L was named the Jeff rson Physi al aboratory . All the

r c to l inst uction in physi s , students of Harvard Co lege , o f L c ra the awren e Scientiﬁc School , and of the G duate

n i n a S chools , by recitatio s , lectures , and exper me t l work ,

c is given in this building , whi h accommodates the various 0 . 20 physical cabinets The building is feet long and ,

i e o e . ncluding the bas ment , four st ri s high In the eastern w t ing , the whole height is divided be ween a large lecture

o f n 400 room below , capable holdi g students , and the

e to I II e gr at labora ry above . the central and w stern p ortions of the building a re three recitation rooms for se c tions of forty or less ; but the principal part of the c e ntral and weste rn portions is broken up into a large

m e n nu ber of small rooms , wher professors , assista ts , a n d advance d students can pursue th e ir separate investi

h In 19 02 Mr . C l rth r a e a n o f t e , o o idge fu e g v fu d n i c o m e to b e u se d f o r o rigin a l r e se a r c h . 9 5

a tio n s e g , and be s cured against intrusion , or any disturb m a nce of their instru ents . In the basement and the ﬁrst story , stone tables , each supported by a pier which is

u i separated by air spaces from the ﬂoors , f rn sh stable

e foundations for delicat instruments . Instruments , more

c a n n over , be placed on the walls of a large recta gular tower standing on an independent foundation . This tower rises inside the building and is separated from the

e main walls of it by a large air spac . It does not extend

e to the roof , and is therefor free from disturbances pro d u c e d by the movements inside the building and from possible vibrations resulting from gusts of wind .

o u e 60 This t wer constit tes a pier of larg section , nearly

i n stru feet in height , and more or less stable positions for

e e e d e m nts can th refore be obtain d on each st ory . It is s ign e d fo r investigations which demand a great height the f di ferent ﬂoors Opening to each other by trap doors . S m all openings have been left in the brick partitions which divide the length of the building : by means of these a long path is available for experiments in which

e e this arrangem nt may be necessary . In the w stern wing ,

e x e ri iron nails and pipes , which would disturb delicate p

e ments in magnetism , w re excluded in the construction of

. m o f the building All stea pipes here are m ade brass , t and copper nails are used in the ﬂooring . In the bot om of the to w er is a small underground room which may be

e used for xperiments requiring a constant temperature . A room is devote d to apparatus designed for the more accurate standard measurements . The photographic room is on the fourth ﬂoor : adjoin ing this is a large roo m especially arranged for spectrum

a . l nalysis There are four principal aboratories . One of 9 6

60 e e e these , feet squar , is devoted to l mentary laboratory

instruction . The laboratories for instruction in static and steady current electricity and in optics are on the

o second and third ﬂoors . The lab ratory for work in

m c agnetism and alternating urrents is in the basement . ’ On the ground ﬂoor is a machine Shop , a glass blower s ’ e room , and carpenters quart rs , for the making of appara

a re tus t o be used in research . All in charge of skilled

workmen .

T h e R o t c h Buil d i n g ( formerly the Carey Building) , erected in 1 89 0—9 1 at a cost of was the gift of 1 89 8 Henry Reginald Astor Carey . When , in , athletic ’ Sports were transferred to Soldier s Field , this building

was devoted to other uses of the University . The name ’ Carey was then given to the base - ball cage on Soldier s

e Fi ld , and the President and Fellows placed thereon a

tablet commemorating the gift of Mr . Carey . The buildi n g is n o w n amed in honor of the benefactors whom the following tablet in the building commem orates IN MEMORY OF ANNIE BIGELOW ROTCH AND HER CHILDREN EDITH R O TCH ARTH UR R OTCH BENEFACTORS

Miss Rotch in 1 8 9 8 left to the L awren ce Seien tiﬁc School , and this sum was assigned to the Depart

n n me t of Mini g and Metallur gy . The building is occupied by the Dep artment of Mining

and Metallurgy , and contains a lecture room , a library , a reading and exhibition room , and the following labora tories

9 7

T he L a bo ra to ry of Meta ll u rgica l Chem i stry is called

S to rro w to rro w L . . the S aboratory , Mr James J , of the

1 885 n o f 1 9 0 1 Class of , havi g given , in the summer , c for the equipment . It o cupies the west wing of

n T he m 60 3 0 the buildi g . ain room is feet long by feet

a re n u c t wide . Adjoining smaller rooms for the i str or and m for bala nces and storage . The equip ent of the labora W tory is designed for general metallurgical analysis , hich

c e demands much hood space , fa iliti s for rapid evaporation

o and ﬁltration , and g od ventilation and light .

The S imp kin s Ore - D re ss in g L a bo ra to ry was ﬁtted up with money given in 1 9 00 by the family of John Simp

1 885 e l kins , of the Class of , as a m moria to him . The sum w a s later i ncreased to In the laboratory is

a bronze tablet , inscribed as follows

I N MEMORY O F JO HN SIMPKINS

A B 1 . . 885

The l a b o ra to rv is provided with modern machines of

l o fu l size for the crushing , amalgamati n , and concentra tion of ores . The machines , which are drive n by three

ﬁfte e n - - i n th horse power electr c motors , are so arra ged at they may be operate d singly or in almost any desired combination for experimental work .

The S im kins A ssa L a bo ra to r e p y y, in the ast wing of

n - m the buildi g , is equipped with nine two u ﬁi e soft coal

t - ri furnaces , a mel ing furnace , a power sample g nder , and

the a all apparatus necessary for ass ying .

T he S im lei n s Me ta ll u r ica l L a bo ra to r p g y, also in the east wing , is equipped with furnaces and accessories for the treatment of iron and steel , and for the melting and 9 8

m aking of alloys . It has also a reverberatory furn ac e for h sulp ide metallurgy and a cupola furnace . Heat work , the u a nd meas rement of high temperatures , the prepara tion of samples for an alysis a nd of metallic specimens

n m for optical i vestigation are carried on in this roo . T he L a bo ra to ry of Meta ll o gra p hy at present o cc upies the old Inﬁrmary building on Holmes ﬁeld , a Short dis tance east of the Rotch Building . It contains mic ro scopes and accessories for the examination of metals and

o other opaque bjects .

n All heat treatment , pyrometric work , physical testi g , polishing , etc . , required in metallographic work are carried on in the Simpkins Metallurgical L aboratory .

n The buildi g now Situated west of the Rotch Building ,

u A stro n o m ica l D e a r tm en t ha s and sed by the p , a variety

e of inter sting associations . It has successively cradled the e u u n n Mus m , nder Professor Agassiz , the Engi eeri g

e a n d Department , under Prof ssor Eustis , the Department of Architecture , under Professor Warren , each of which now occupies far more spacious quarters . It has been

e u He m mov d fo r times . From the present Site of the e nw a y Gymnasium , where it was originally located , it A was moved to Divinity venue , near the present Site

w a s d of the Peabody Museum , where it used as a ormi tory ; and from there it was moved over to Holmes

th e n u . Field , where Hasty Puddi g Club occ pied it The other two removals were for short distances , and were occasioned by the erection of the Rotch Building and by other changes on Holmes Field .

Pi e r c e Ha l l , occupied by the Departments of Civil ,

a n u Mech nical , and Electrical E gineering, was b ilt in

9 9

1 9 0 1 at a cost of this sum being appropriated for this purpose by the Corporation from the great re sid L uary bequest of Henry . Pierce , after whom the hall is

e nam d .

d . The buil ing is of brick , with limestone trimmings

no t he in The inside is plastered , but is ﬁnis d brick , with

r e oil p aints in all ooms where machin ry is used , and cold water paints in the lecture rooms , draughting rooms , and ofﬁces . The building is planned to give a maximum amou nt of

a light and air to every room . There are two l rge wings a nd e n c a c o n a central structur , con e ted by st ir halls , and

a n d . taining lecture rooms , small draughting rooms , ofﬁces

There are four floors , a basement , and an attic ; and the floor surface available for all purposes is over feet . t The draughting rooms are loca ed on the top floor , the two larger ro oms being used m ainly for the fi rs t- year elementary draw ing and the second - year instruction in

c des riptive geometry and graphical statics . The advance

e r work in d signing is car ied on in three smaller rooms , where blue prints and books of referen ce can be kept . The central structure contains four recit a ti o n ro oms on the top ﬂoor , each with a capacity of thirty students .

o e fo r On the second ﬂ or , in the centr , is a lecture room o n e d hundred and twenty stu ents , and a library containing

the e about volumes . On lower ﬂoor is a l cture

m e roo for three hundred stud nts .

The laboratories are mainly conﬁned to the two wings . The south wing contains the mac hinery and apparatus for electrical engineering , and for testing materials of con

n T he n n e structio . orth wing contai s all the oth r machines 1 0 0

fo r e a research and exp rimental work . Sever l small rooms a re provided for special work by the instructo rs and a d

n v a c e d students .

W a l te r H a sti n s H a l l g on Massachusetts Avenue ,

o f Mr . a n c e s the gift Walter Hastings , of Boston , whose tors in direct lin e for thre e generations were alumni of t he e t 1 888—9 0 u Univ rsi y , was built in at a cost of abo t It contains 60 suites of rooms and a common room fo r the general use of those w ho live in the build

e n o f L a w u ing , a large pr portio whom are st dents .

Ga n n e tt Ho us e the , frame building south of Walter

t c . e Has ings , ontains nine suites It is named aft r a fami ly whose c onnectio n with Harvard w a s serviceable

n and honorable . The house of Caleb Gan ett , Steward

e 1 7 79 1 8 1 8 n of the Colleg from to , stood on the prese t s L a w ite of the School .

C o n a n t H a l l u u e , built from f nds beq athed by Edwin

n 1 829 C ona t , of Worcester , of the Class of , was erected in 1 89 3 —9 5 at a cost of about It contains 43

n e . s a d . uites of rooms , thr e single rooms Mr Conant also gave to the Divinity School and to L 1 9 0 6 t the College ibrary . Since Gradua e students have m been given preference in the assign ent of rooms . A l arge c om mon room has been provided and the buildi ng

e . has b come a centre , socially , for the Graduate Schools

r l n H l l . . Pe k s a , the gift of Mrs Catharine P Perkins

o 1 89 3 — 9 5 o f of Bost n , was built in at a cost about It was erec ted in memory of three mem bers

1 0 1

’ n the e e of her husba d s family , Rev r nd Daniel Perkins ,

n a n d Richard Perki s , William Foster Perkins , all alumni 8 6 of the University . It contains suites of rooms and a common room .

THE UNIVERSITY MU SEUM

This est ablishment is commonly called the Agassiz

l a Museum , and the atter title is hardly more th n a just re c o gnition of the Share which Louis and Alexander

th a n d e h a d i n . Agassiz , fa er son , hav its upbuilding T he Unive rsity Museum comprehends the Museum of

Zo Ol o a e Comparative gy, the Botanic l Museum , the Min r

o alogical Museum , the Geological Museum , the Peab dy

e Mus e um of Am rican Archaeology and Ethnology , and i the Natural History L aborator es . Z The Museum of Comparative oology , constructed 1 859 — 88 n in , occupies the north wi g of the quadrangle ( 60 by 200 feet) and the adjoining part of the west wing o‘ ( 3 0 by 60 feet) . The zo logical laboratories are in the northwest corner section . l The Botanical and Minera ogical Museums , built in — 1 888 89 c c n . o , o cupy the central se tio The Geol gical 1 9 0 1 Museum , erected in as a gift from the children L of ouis Agassiz , occupies the southwest corner , and contains large lecture rooms a n d laboratories for the m h Depart ents of Geology and Geograp y . Its exhibition rooms will connect the Oxford Street side of the Museum

th e with Peabody Museum , which , when completed , will form the south wing of the University Museum building . The e ntrance s to the Museu m of Comparative Zo Ol o gy

o u and the Peabody Museum are fr m Divinity Aven e . The 1 0 2

t L Natural His ory aboratories and the Botanical , Minera

e logical , and Geological Museums are enter d from Oxford

o l o i Street . One may pass from the Z O g c a l to the Botan

M c ical useum or Vi e versa on the third ﬂoor .

n In ge eral , the Museums are open as follows

The Museu m of Comparative Zoology and the Botanical

- 9 M. l A . 5 M Museum are open every week day from ti l P . .

0 11 1 P . M. M and Sunday from till 5 P . . T he Mineralogical Muse u m is Open Thursdays and

1 . M M P 5 P . . . d Sundays from till , and Satur ays from 9 P M A M. 5 . . . till The Geological Muse u m is o pen Thursday a nd Sunday

' 1 5 a tu rd a s fro m S 9 A . M afternoons from till , and on y . M till 5 P . . M 9 A . . 5 P M The Peabody Museum is Open from till . . daily ; Sundays and holidays exce pted .

T h e Mus e um o f C o m a r a tive Zo o l o p gy .

L e o ouis Agassiz , when he was ﬁrst appoint d to a prof s so rshi the 1 84 7 p in University in , had already made

z o Ol o ic a l the considerable collections of g specimens , and 5 . 1 8 8 need of housing them soon became apparent In , 1 80 9 Francis Calley Gray , of Boston , of the Class of “ u Zo Ol o left for a Muse m of Comparative gy, i 1 829 giving his nephew , Will am Gray , Class of , the d Option of bestowing the fund upon Harvar University .

He t he e gave it to University , and it was supplem nted

the L a n d by voted by egislature , by

e subscribed by privat citizens of Boston . Mr . Henry

u e Greeno gh , of Cambridge , and Mr . Georg Snell , of

o u the u Bost n , vol nteered to make a plan for muse m

de building , and produced a sign large enough to meet

1 03

m n o all de a ds for space for a l ng time . There was to be a main building parallel to Oxford Street with two

n wings extendi g towards Divinity Avenue . At ﬁrst o nly ab o ut two - ﬁfth s of o n e of the win gs was ere c ted ;

w a s c 1 8 0 this ompleted in 6 . Professor Agassiz himself h t e e . 1 8 6 8 Ma s s a c hu dug ﬁrst spadeful of arth In , the

e t L e a e s t s gislature voted a ye r for three y ars , on c o ndition that as mu c h more should be raised fro m pri

- . w a s 1 8 7 1 7 2 vate sources This done , and in the cap a

‘ o f n e a city the buildi g was mor th n doubled . In 1 8 76 the property in the hands of the Truste es was transferred to the President and Fellows of Harvard College . In

1 8 7 7 the o w a s 1 88 0 — 82 , n rth wing completed ; in , the n o c n o w rthwest corner of the main building , whi h con tains a part of the library , rooms devoted to research

e n e collections , and to coll ctio s Op n to the public , and the ’ o o lab ratories of zo logy , was erected by Alexand e r

the 1 8 55 Agassiz , of Class of , in memory of his father . A slate tablet in the hall bears this inscription

L V D OV I C I

AG A S SIz PATRI FILIUS ALEXANDER MD CCC LXXX

L ouis Agassiz was Curator o f the M u seum from 1 859 e 1 8 until his d ath in 73 . Alexander Agassiz entered the c 1 8 60 servi e of the Museum in , and was Curator from

1 8 74 n n e 1 89 8 c u til he resig d in , never a cepting any salary

he ﬁ while held that of ce . Besides his devoted service , he

e e has giv n gr at sums of money to the institution . 1 0 4

T he o Museum beneﬁts largely from the Mem rial Fund , part o f which was raised by school children throughout the country whose interest in natural history had been awakened by the labors of Agassiz .

u The M seum is under the management of a Faculty , who

- o nominate the Curator and the Sturgis H oper Professor ,

h e and appoint the Assistants . T Cur ator is charged with the direction of the scientiﬁc and educational in te re sts of the Museum , as well as of its relations to the

e in public . The r search collections , charge of assistants , a re to available properly qualiﬁed investigators . The Exhibitio n Rooms open to the public are the Synop

n tic Room , the rooms contai ing the various systematic

e collections , those devoted to the various faunal colle

- tions ( Europeo Siberia , North and South America , Indo

Asia , Africa , Australia , and the Atlantic and Paciﬁc

c o l l e c Oceans ) , and also the rooms devoted to special tions , and to the Quaternary , Tertiary , Mesozoic , and

Palaeozoic faunae .

These collections are open , Christmas and Fourth of

- e 9 A . M 5 P . M. July exce pted , every w ek day from . till ,

M 5 P . M. and on Sunday from 1 P . . till The entrance is on the south Side of the north wing .

The publications of the Museum consist of an annual i Report ( 1 8 6 1 of an o c t a v e Bulletin ( vols . . — i . and of Memoirs in quarto ( vols . . xxxiii ) The Bulletin and Me m oirs are devo ted to the publication of original

fﬁ the work by the o cers of Museum , of investigations

in carried on by professors , students , and others the ff di erent laboratories of Natural History , and of work

1 05 by Specialists based on the Museum collections and explorations The Library of the Mus e um is on the second ﬂoor of the north wing and of the north e n d of the central section of the University Museum . It contains over vol um L es , exclusive of a part of the Whitney ibrary , and of

T he L about pamphlets . ibrary is open daily ,

m M. 5 P . M 9 A . . except Sunday , fro till

T h e L a b o r a to r i e s a n d Le c tur e R o o m s o f Zo ol o gy a n d Pa l a e o n to l o gy are in the northwest Z section of the Museum of Comparative oology , and may be reached from the steps in the northwest corner of the

u m o ff Muse quadrangle , Divinity Avenue , or from the

u north entrance to the M seum on Oxford Street . The 1 8 85 present quarters , which were ﬁrst occupied in ,

include rooms in the basement and on the ﬁrst , fourth ,

and ﬁfth ﬂoors of the Museum . In the basement is a V ivarium used for breeding ani

mals , two dark rooms for photographic work and light m m experiments , an aquariu roo containing a number of

- e ﬂo o r large stationary fresh wat r and marine aquaria , n tanks , and other necessary applia ces for the study of

aquatic animals , and a work room for the construction

and repair of apparatus .

L a bo ra to r o Pa la e o n to lo On the ﬁrst ﬂoor is the y f gy,

a th e containing collections , di grams , and a few of more i mportant reference books required by students . The collection used in teaching general palaeontology is ar

ranged systematically , and the collection used in teach

o is l ing hist rical geology arranged stratigraphica ly . They

i - h are conta ned in trays in table or wall cases . The w ole 1 0 6

e B e side s c o l l tio n is freely acc ssible to students . e c s in the

e o o n e xhi i laboratory , stud nts can consult the f ssils b

t e n ion in the Museum , wh re they are arra ged either in the system a tic series or in rooms especially devoted to

palaeontology . The ﬁrst ﬂoor also c ont a ins a large lecture room seat

e o ing about thr e hundred , and a large lab ratory for the

m z l e c o O o . el entary ourses in gy For the present , one of the rooms on this ﬂoor is used for advanced zoological

work . On the fourth ﬂoor a re laboratories for comp arative

a e natomy , histology , mbryology , and experimental work . The se laboratories are provided with appliances for the

injection and preservation of anatomical materials , with

fﬁ a m c para n baths he ted by electricity , microtomes , i ro

a c z o Olo ic a l scopes , and other pparatus ne essary for g work . The lectures in the more advanced z o Ol o gic a l work are given on this ﬂoor in a lectu re room whic h is also the

l i a l u c Zo O o c . e sual meeting pla e for the g Club H re , too , are the private rooms of the Director of the Laboratory

n a d three other instructors .

ﬁ h - On the ft ﬂoor is a large , well lighted laboratory

e e for research students . Each r search stud nt is usually

l o n assigned a p ace here , th ugh the ature of his work may require him to do much of it in o ther p a rts of the labora

tories . The walls of this room are decorated with busts

z l i t s and portraits of distinguished o O o g s . A special

a f o laboratory for R dcli fe students is als on this ﬂoor . T h e Zo Ol o gic a l L aboratories enjoy the u nusual advantage of being in the same building with the exception a lly rich library and collections of the Museum of Comparative Z ’ oology .

1 0 8 been intensiﬁed or otherwise modiﬁed by the external applic ation o f mineral pigments which are unaffecte d by

I II a the a d light . c ses in g llery are displayed escriptions

c t the n of the hief fea ures of method of co struction , and ,

e ho w also , a few box s which Show the fragile specimens are p a cked for trans portation fro m the studio in Germany

e a e to this Univ rsity . The tot l numb r of mode ls received 1 9 0 6 700 up to June , , is about , and the number of details

th e such as magniﬁed parts , and the sections , exceeds

The entire collection now installed is based on the study

e b e of living specim ns . Most of these have een rais d from m seed in a garden attached to the studio , but any also have been obtained from bot a nical and other gardens in

Europe . A large number of the studies are based on

e u n the results obtain d by the son , Rudolph , d ri g two journeys to North America . w In the hall at the head of the stair ay , a few of these models exhibit some of the relations o f plants to their

u n : - surro dings in the larger exhibition room , others are ’ arranged according to Engler and Pr a ntl s System ; in the long room a t the left - h and Side are models of some of the more important economic plants . The Departm e nt of Botany of the University occupies the rooms in the basement , the central p art , and the adjoining southwest wing of the Museum , except the

m r roo s devoted to mineralogy and pet ography . In

- the basement are store rooms and rooms for photography .

L u The Nash Botanical ect re Room , built with the gift of

u 1 8 84 Nathaniel C shing Nash , of the Class of , in memory of his father , is on the first floor . On the same floor are the exhibition cases o f cryptogams and a laboratory of 1 0 9

1 0 economic botany . On the second ﬂoor , Room con tains the departmental library ; Rooms 1 1 and 1 1 A are the laboratories of vegetable physiology and histology ;

o n Rooms 1 2 and 1 3 are lab ratories for eleme tary work . In addition to these there is a spec i al room assigned to advanced students of physiological botany . 1 9 On the fourth floor , Room is the private room of the Fisher Professor of Natural History ; in Room 20 is a working collection of native and exotic phanerogams ; Rooms 20 A and 21 A are u sed by students of economic t botany . The rooms on the fif h floor are devoted to cryptogamic botany : Room 25is used by the assistants ; Rooms 26 and 26A contain the Cryptogamic Herb a rium of the University , which includes collections of algae ,

n 27 fungi , and liche s ; Room is devoted to the use of special workers ; Rooms 29 a nd 29 A are laboratories for m students of cryptoga ic botany , the latter for advanced students ; Room 29 B is the laboratory of the assistants

' in cryptogamic botany ; Room 29 0 and Room 3 0 are the private laboratories of the Professors of Cryptogamic

Botany .

Mi n e r a l o gi c a l Mus e um a n d L a b o r a t o r i e s o f

Mi n e r a l o a n d Pe tr o r a h e gy g p y . The Min ra

o f n 1 89 1 logical section the U iversity Museum , built in

c u with a fund of raised by sub scription , oc pies a part of the central portion of the Oxford Stre et section

e o n of the Mus um . The exhibition rooms , which are pe

d 9 A M P M 5 . Thursdays and Sun ays from . . till . , occupy the whole of the third and fourth floors ; th e laboratories occupy the first floor and the west half of the basement and second floors . 1 1 0

i t r o the Mi n e ra lo i ca l o llectio n - H s o y f g C . Dr . Benjamin Waterhouse began the mineral colle c tion ( the oldest in

1 784 1 7 9 3 e a f o u nd the United States ) in , but in the r l a tion of the present collection was laid by the gift fro m “ L e tts o m L u Dr . , a ondon physician , of a very val able

c w he and extensive colle tion of minerals , to hich sub sequently made additions . The Corporation provided a

e e cabinet and appointed Dr . Wat rhouse keep r of the

9 Mo z a r u 1 7 5 . d collection . In , M , cons l in Boston of

n the the French Republic , acti g under a resolution of committee of public safety of the National Conven tion of

France , presented two hundred specimens as samples of ” d n the riches of the French soil , and solicite an intercha ge of specimens b e tween the University and the “ agency of the mines of the Republic . 1 8 20 h No important additions were made until , w en

Dr . Andrew Richie purchased an d presented the collee

BlOd e tion of C . A . , a mineralogist and chemist of

u Dresden , to which were added some tho sand specimens purchased in 1 8 24 by a subscription from several Boston

t e n n gen l me , and the collection was then arra ged by Dr .

the J . W . Webster and exhibited in second story of

e - Harvard Hall , wh re it remained for thirty three years .

c 1 840 It in reased slowly , and ab out contained s m d p eci ens , inclu ing rocks and other miscellaneous

w e material . It o es its pr sent value , both in quality and s ize , chieﬂy to the late Josiah P . Cooke , Erving Professor o f 1 850 1 8 9 4 Chemistry and Mineralogy from to , a

e marble m dallion of whom is placed in the Museum . Professor Cooke for nearly h alf a century gave his a f o he fectionate care t t collection . Starting with what w a s worth preserving of the old collection , he gradually

1 1 2 contain the B igel o w Co llectio n of Aga tes ( ab o ut 450 speci m m n ens , ostly cut and polished , includi g thirty large thin

e sections) , collected by Dr . Henry J . Big low and Dr .

n W . S . Bigelow . and illustrating the inter al structure and

e h n process of growth ; and the meteorit s , w ich are arra ged as far as possible in chronological order by date of fall and re present 29 1 separate falls . The cases against the south wall contain large spe cimens of the carbonates and sulphates , especially calcite and gypsum . Along the w e st edge of th e gallery two cases contain the Hamlin

i n collection of tourmalines , the largest existence , from

n the famous locality at Mt . Mica , Paris , Mai e , and a

- collection of gem minerals , including the well known yel 83 low diamond octahedron ( 3 carats ) , precious Opals , a large aquamarine and yellow beryl , tourmalines ( many cut

a and mounted ) , a large hiddenite crystal , topaz , patites

the e xhi i etc . The total number of mineral specimens in b tion rooms , exclusive of the meteorites , is about ten

c n thousand , while those worth enumerating in the tea hi g and other collections bri n g the total up to twenty - three thousand . The L a bo ra to ri es o f Mi n e ra lo gy a n d Petro gr ap hy in cl u de a m , in the basement , a chemic l laboratory for ineral analysis and a workshop for preparing thin sections of rocks and minerals . The ﬁrst ﬂoor contains the lecture room ; the laboratory for determinative mineralogy ; one

e smaller room us d as the department library , with the

c u ff prin ipal periodicals , and another sed for Radcli e

n stude ts in mineralogy . Many thousand specimens of

n rocks with thin sections are kept on this ﬂoor . The ext

ﬂoor has the advanced laboratory , equipped with goni o m e te rs and optical apparatus . 1 1 3

G l Mu u T h e e o l o gi c a s e m . ( Entered through the

e exhibition rooms of the Mineralogical Mus um . ) This Museu m contains at presen t the nucleus of “ a geological collection . The most noteworthy objects are the model

c t of the Metropolitan Distri t of Boston , by Cur is ; a model geologically colored of the Dents d u Midi by students of Heim , and a collection of metallic objects acted upon by the volcanic gases in the destruction of St .

Pierre , Martinique . At present the Museum is open

d u n 1 to 5 Thurs ay and S day afternoons from , and on m M 5 M P . . Saturdays fro 9 A . . to

T h e La bo r a to r i e s o f Ge o l o gy a n d Ge o gr a p hy ( ordinarily open to visitors upon application ) o c cupy

u n three ﬂoors of the Museum b ildi g . The Geological L aboratory on the second ﬂoor is devoted to instruction

e w Orkin in g neral geology . The room contains g collee

- tions of rocks , including Sixty four duplicate sets for large

e elementary classes , maps , charts , and a small ref rence L library . An Advanced aboratory on the uppermost ﬂoo r of the Museum is arranged for the ofﬁce work of students engaged in geological surveying .

The L a bo ra to r o Geo r a h y f g p y, on the fourth ﬂoor of the

s v geological section of the Univer ity Museum , is de oted to

in r the needs of the various classes physical geog aphy , m r eteorology , and climatology , with sp ecial eference to

o f laboratory exercises . The equipment the laboratory has been planned with a Vie w to furnishing m a terial for

s individual tudy in geography , comparable to that afforded in z o Ol o gy and: bota ny in the other laboratories o f the m l Museum . It includes a variety of aps , charts , mode s , diagrams , photographs , and lantern slides . Special men 1 1 4

tio n may be made of the colle ction of large - scal e grouped

- u n map sheets , ill strati g districts of peculiar interest in h u e t is country and abroad . These are s ppl mented by a collection of the topographical maps of the United States governmental s urvey s and of n early all the European

e L surveys , in the Coll ge ibrary . The collection of ’ m e odels includes four of typ forms by Heim , Pomba s

Italy on a true curved surface , the Upper Moselle by the

e e N e w Geographical S rvic of the French Army , Southern

n the Of t Engla d by Howell , Gulf Mexico by the Uni ed

c ffi c n States Hydrographi O e , as well as a series k own as ” G o o i n the Harvard e graphical M dels , des g ed with special refe rence to systematic instruction in secondary schools . The material for instruction in m eteorology and clima to l o gy includes the ordinary m eteorological instrum ents a full set of weather m a ps from the United States Signal Service and Weath e r Bureau ; pilot charts of the North Atlantic a n d North Pacific Oceans ; as w e ll as a large number of me teorological charts and diagrams from di f fe re n t a n d a fi n sources , number of of cial British , Germa

n L L b c o n and Fre ch publications . The aboratory i rary m tains about 500 volu es . A sm all but well equipped m e et orological observatory , which provides facilities for practical instrumental work for students of meteorology

o and climatology , occupies the roof of the ge logical sec

u tion of the University Muse m .

T h e Pe a bo dy Mus e um was foun ded by George

1 8 6 6 a Peabody , a native of Mass achusetts , who , in , g ve for the fou ndation of a m u seum and a profess or ship o f American archaeology and ethnology in connec tion

1 1 5

r with Harvard Unive sity . Mr . Peabody placed the fund in the charge of a board of tru stees of which Robert

e t 1 8 28 Charl s Win hrop , of the Class of , was chairman

e 1 9 4 a e u until his d ath in 8 . The ﬁrst Cur tor of the Mus m

his e e 1 83 3 . was J ffri s Wyman , of the Class of After

1 8 74 d 1 86 2 w a s death in , Fre eric Ward Putnam , ,

S o 1 6 w a s 8 8 . appointed his uccess r , and in Mr Putnam m a de Peab o dy Professor of American Archaeology a nd

u 1 1 89 7 the Ethnology . On Jan ary , , Trustees of the Muse um transferred the property to the President and

o e Fellows of Harvard C ll ge .

u Mr . Peabody , by this gift , made the ﬁrst fo ndation in this count ry for sp e cial research relating to the early

- or pre Columbian history of Americ a . Since then the Museu m has been enriched from t ime to time by c on tri butions of money and of specimens , and four small w endo ments have been received ; also , two other endow ments for a fellowship and a scholarship . T he arrange m ent of the collectio n s is intended to

a e o facilit te research in gen ral anthrop logy , with special refe rence to American and comparative archaeology and eth no logy 1 0 0 h The building , feet long and 5 stories hig , is one half o f the co ntempl ated structure which will form the

t u c sou h wing of the University Muse m . The entran e is

0 11 Divinity Avenue . In the room on the left of the entrance is the general ﬁ L i of ce and Anthropologic al ibrary . The library conta ns over 60 00 volumes and p amphlets relating to a ll branches

u Mn of anthropology . The regular p blications of the seum are Archa e ological and Ethnological Papers and ’ n h Memoirs . O t e ﬁfth ﬂoor is the students laboratory

o an d class ro m . 1 1 6

t e t Wi h the exc p ion of the human crania and skeletons , o n the o ﬁfth ﬂoor , the collecti ns are so arranged that

m c those fro ea h limited region are brought together . The Mary Hemenway collection from Ari zona occupies

h the the large all on ﬁfth ﬂoor and the gallery below .

a n t I n the W rre E hnological Gallery , on the fourth ﬂoor , a re the P n oly esian , Melanesian , Asiatic , and African o h e n e c llec tions . T collectio s from Mexico and C ntral

n l a r e sc u l tu re s America , i cluding c asts of g p from the l ruins of Copan and Quirigua , many original stone scu p

n s s e c u re d ' b tures , pottery , orname t , and other objects , y the Museum expeditions to a n d

n h Yucata , are in the central all and large room on the third ﬂoor . The exhibits from Peru and other parts of

e South Am rica are also on this ﬂoor . In the north hall a re exhibits from the Delaware a n d Little Miami Val

m e leys and fro New York , New England , N wfoundland , a n d n Ca ada . In the gallery below are the collections from

t u the Sou hern States . In the so th room on the second

the ﬂoor are exhibits from the Swiss lakes , from the

e a nd m Fr nch caves , fro Denmark and other European localities . On the first floor to the right of the entrance is the ro om containing the coll e ctions fr om the mounds and earthworks of th e Ohio Valley . In the large hall on t his floor and in the gall e ry above are the North Am erican

m o t Indian and Eski o c llections . This exhibi is especially rich in rare old specim ens ill u strati n g the life and custom s and costum es of the tribes represented . It i nclude s m a ny ﬁne old baske ts in the several tribal

l b e exhibits . Mode s of ha itations , maps showing localiti s , a n d photographs showin g physic al c h a r te ri s ti c s and

h e customs , add interest a n d value to t exhibit .

1 1 8

The objects already acquired are originals a nd repro

d u i n c t o s . t o Of the former may be men i ned , from Babylon

a a s t and Assyri , stone se l cylinders , and in crip ions on

o stone and on clay ; fr m Phoenicia , glass vases , dishes ,

and bowls found in the tombs from Palestine , the Merrill t collec ion of birds , animals , plants , seeds , glass , coins , t t t geological specimens , and numerous ar icles illus ra ing

o e e modern peasant and Bed uin lif ; from Egypt , thre

- i n mummy cases , many antiques ( bronze , stone , and

n wood ) , a umber of photographs , and a collection of

l C u ﬁc e mortuary Mos em inscriptions in the charact r , som e of them about 1 0 0 0 years old from vario u s Semitic

d m r w m lan s , many anuscripts , Arabic , Heb e , and Ara aic . The reprod u ctions are largely plaster casts of important Assy rian a nd Babylonian mon u m e nts in the museum s of

b a s L n a nd n . m o don , Paris , Berli These casts are fro t t reliefs , sta ues , obelisks , winged lions , clay table s , seals ,

u i m m o b lding bricks , co ercial weights in the shap e of li ns

m t . e and ducks , and numerous other s all objec s Th re are

n also casts of Hebrew and Phoe ician inscriptions , of a

in sc ri Phoenician sarco phagus , of Persian archers and p i tions , of Hittite hunting scenes and inscript ons , and of the Moabite stone recording the revolt of Mesha fro m

e a re the Hebr ws . There , besides , many photographs of

u m Semitic b ildings and natural scenery , especially fro m Da ascus , Palestine , and Spain . D IVI N ITY HALL

T HE D IVI N ITY LIBR AR Y

1 20

u . literat re are studied in colleges At the same time ,

‘ special atte ntion is given to preparation for the practical

n work of the mi istry .

D ivi n it Hal l y , erected under the auspices of the Society for the Promotion of Theological Education in

Harvard University , which secured contributions amount

w w a s ing to about to ards this object , completed ’ 1 8 2 m 6 . n 42 in It co tains students rooms , a co mon

” m roo for the use of all occupants of the Hall , and a

a Ch pel .

ha s a a n d The Chapel been lately renov ted , contains on its walls tablets of oak or marble comm e morating Pro e e n f ssor Fred rick H . Hedge , Professor Joseph He ry

n Thayer , the Rev . Edmund H . Sears , Professor He ry

r o Ware , J . , and Profess r Charles Carroll Everett , Dean 1 1 9 of the School from 8 78 to 00 . Another tablet recalls ’ Ralph NVa l d o Emerson s epoch - making Divinity School

1 83 8 e . address of , which was d livered in this room

o The ro ms are occupied by Divinity School students , a nd , with the permission of the Dean , by other graduate or professional students having some sympathy with the

o f ib purpose the School . The l rary formerly housed here has been removed to the Divinity Library Building .

T h e Libr a r y Buil d i n g o f th e D ivi n ity S c ho o l was c ompleted in 1 8 8 7 at a cost of about It

l c o n ta ins the library , of about volumes , a reading ’ the L a e room , a faculty room , ibr rian s ofﬁ c , and three lecture rooms .

THE BOTANIC GARDEN

a t The Botanic Garden , situated the corner of Garden a n d L a innae n Streets , Cambridge , was established in 1 80 7 by a nu mber of public Spirited ge n tlemen who e n

T he dowed a professorship of Natural History . com m itte e in charge of the enterprise selected as the ﬁrst

e incumbent of the chair William Dandridg Peck , of the

1 78 2 a nd Class of , , with the understanding that special d prominence Should be given to Botany , espatched him to Europe to examine botanic gardens in En gland and on the continent , while they secured a plot of land for a

1 80 7 o u t garden here . In , Professor Peck laid a por tion of the seven acres at the corner of what are now

L o l known as Garden and innaean Streets , f l owing as a model the formal lines of the smalle r establishments in

England . This arrangement has not since been essentially ’ changed in any manner . After Professor Peck s death , d the garden passed un er the charge of Thomas Nuttall , and later of Thaddeus William Harris , as Curators , the funds having dwindled so that it w as no longer possible to assign the income to a full professorship . About 1 842 d , the income of a newly establishe professorship , 1 7 6 6 endowed by Joshua Fisher , of the Class of , became available , and to this new chair Dr . Asa Gray ’ was invited . The amount at Dr . Gray s disposal for the

u maintenance of the garden was inadeq ate , but it was

n supplemented by the expenditure of untiring e ergy . The garden was soon enriched by large nu m bers of native and foreign plants , and shortly became the recipient of the h newer treasures com ing from the West and the Sout west . 1 23

n e n e Dr . Gray was wo t to plac in ooks not easily accessibl to the public the rare r plants w hich have since become

c e the ommon prop rty of horticulture , and in this way he

the h i o t e i n tro duced some of c o cest n vel i s . 1 8 72 In , the garden was placed under the charge of ' C ha rl e s S ra u e 1 8 6 2 Professor p g Sargent , of the Class of n e w n r Director of the Ar old Arboretum . The dist ibution

c c of spe ies was changed , and many improvements whi h the poverty of the garden had hitherto forbidden were

t e successfully in roduced . The garden has been und r the

o o L nc charge of the present Direct r , Pr fessor George i oln

a 1 8 63 c Goodale , of the Cl ss of , Medi al School , since

1 88 6 . . a 1 89 8 Mr O kes Ames , of the Class of , was made Assistant Director in 1 8 9 8 . The garden is conveniently divided into the are a below

n u e h the terrace and that o the pp r level . Below t e terrace the n atural o rders of ﬂowe ring plants and the gen e ra of fern s and their allies are arranged in formal

a re t o f beds , which so disposed as to exhibi many the

e o afﬁnities of the famili s . In vari us places below the terrace are spec ial beds de voted to groups of plants of t p articular in erest . Among these are plants m entioned

V l ne ed by Shakspere and by irgi . O long b c ontains a large number of the specie s described by Parkinson as cultivated for de c orative purposes at the beginning of the seve nteenth century these m a y fairly be said to re present “ ” the o ld - fashio ned plants grown in pleasure gardens at

n the time the U iversity was founded . Two groups which possess m ore than ordinary attractions for the casual

c visitor , the Australasian spe ies and the desert plants , L are near the innaean Street border . 1 24

On the upper level are the large plo ts a ssigned to select

ri e u North Ame can species . N ar these are the c ltivated forms o f the rarer vegetables grown for the study o f variation .

T he re e n h o u se s o g are of the comm n composite type . Beginning on the left and p assin g towards the east are successively the succulents , the Australian , and the m Mexican houses , the fern house , the pal house and its attached hot - house ﬁlled with exotics demanding great

n heat . Behind this range is a long ra ge largely devoted to econom i c plants and to plan ts under the hands of

i l exper menters . This range has aboratories at its ex treme western end . T he B o ta n ica l L a bo ra to r ies of the Un i v ersity are dis tri buted as follows at the Botan ic Garden are the Gray

L a L Herbarium and the Botanical ibr ry , and the abora

V Mu tories of egetable Physiolo gy . In the University

L n m seum are the aboratories of Cryptogamic , Pha eroga ic ,

n and Economic Bota y . The garden and greenhouses are open to visitors from sunrise to sunset on S undays as

- well as week days .

T h e Gr a y H e r b a r ium is situated in the Botanic

e Garden . The collection , founded and largely dev loped by

w a s the late Professor Asa Gray , given by him to the Uni 1 4 d 86 . versity in At that time , the ﬁreproof brick buil ing which it now occupies was built for the Herbarium throu gh b h the li erality of Nat aniel Thayer . The collection , being the result of more than sixty years of contin u ous and

b e carefully directed growth , contains a out sh ets of

e mounted Specimens , including all groups of ﬂow ring

n - ﬂo ra s plants , ferns , and fer allies , and representing the

1 26

’ e e e o h as r c ently rec iv d Dr . Gray s large collecti n of

e u autograph letters of not d botanists . These man scripts

1 1 00 a n d number more than , many are accompanied by

o portrait engravings . In the ro ms of the Herbarium and its library a re many other portraits of illustrious botanists

the o including br nze relief of Dr . Gray by Augustus St .

e G aud ns . One of the L a bo r a to r ies of Vegeta bl e Physi o l o gy ocen pies the brick buildi ng extending eastward from the m Herbariu . The building also contains a lecture room 1 w ith a seating capacity of 00 . This laboratory has rec e ntly been supplemented by a larger laboratory for th research on the plateau in e rear .

THE ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY

t The Astronomical Observatory , Situa ed between Con c ord Avenue and Garden Street , Bond Street and M adison

S treet , C ambridge , opposite the Botanic Garden , was

1 8 T he u e t 43 . s ablished in annual income , sed exclusively f o r b rese arch , IS a out and is mainly derived from a permanent endowment of Tw e nty- one men and nineteen women are employed . The investigations

f a r o so c ompleted ﬁll nearly 60 quarto v lumes of annals . Discoveries made here are promptly announced by m e ans of circulars which are issued , on an average , once a month . This Observatory , and that at Kiel , Germany , h av e been s e le cted by international a greement a s centres

r f o the pro mpt distribution of astronomical discoveries .

Discoveries are telegraphed to one of these centres , c m n abled fro there to the other centre , and at once tra s m itte d to the principal observatories and newspap ers of

1 28

i a V de d . One of the rooms contains collection of il l u m in ate d photographs which illustrates the v arious methods of

work in use at the Observatory .

T he e e c e 6 0 n gr at reﬂ ting telescop , aperture i ches , con

e . struct d by the late A A . Common , is mounted on the

u Observatory gro nds . It is easily turned by electric motors , the friction being reduced by immersing the polar axis in a tank of water . The observer , in a comfortable

c n room , always looks in the same dire tion , the stars bei g

h e e T he reﬂected into t ey piece . instrument will be put

u se into active as soon as the mounting is completed .

Besides the station at Cambridge , the Observatory i maintains an mportant station near Arequipa , Peru , where the southern stars are studied in the same way

e that the north rn stars are studied in Cambridge . Every important investigation is thus rendered complete from

e pole to pole . The levation of the Arequipa Station is

feet , and the site was selected on account of its exceptionally favorable atmospheric conditions . For sev eral years a series o f meteorological stations beginning at the Paciﬁc and crossin g the Andes to the val ley of the Amazon was maintained for the purpose of collecting

e m material for a d ter ination of climatic conditions . 1 8 8 5 b d In , a meteorological o servatory w as establishe 1 2 on Blue Hill , miles south of C ambridge , by Abbott

L m n . awrence Rotch , and is aintained there at his expe se

c o O e ra ti o n To avoid duplication of work , a plan of p pro

a nd vides for the ultimate union of the two institutions , the observations made on Blue Hill a re published in the L Annals of the Harvard Observatory . ater , Blue Hill was taken by the Metropolitan Park Commissioners for a p ublic park , but the land on which the Observatory is

1 3 0

THE MEDICAL SCHOOL

1 78 2 a In the year , John W rren , a brother of Joseph

u he m Warren who fell at B nker Hill , drew up a sc e for a

n medical school in connection with the U iversity . The 1 783 w Corporation approved it , and in lectures ere given

o n in Cambridge , in Holden Chapel , by Pr fessor Warre

Professor Aaron Dexter , and Professor Benjamin Water

e 1 8 1 0 u hous . In , the lect res were transferred to Boston ;

1 8 1 6 c in , a small building on Mason Street , ere ted by m e eans of a grant from the General Court , was complet d , and was called the M assachusetts Medical College . In

1 846 u , that building was sold and the one now occ pied

t w a s by the Dental School , on Nor h Grove Street , erected

. 1 883 for the Medical Faculty In , the School was again m ove d into a new and larger buildi ng on Boyl ston Street

u ( corner of Exeter Street) , and it was tho ght that pro

d e vision had been ma e for at least anoth r generation .

1 9 0 0 e n In , however , so greatly had the d ma ds u pon

e c the School increased , both in r spect to fa ilities for

a nd instruction in respect to means for original research , that new plans for equipping the Medic al School on a

u m c h more ample scale were discussed . These plans

ﬁv e involved the construction of great buildings , the acquisition of a tract of land s u fﬁcient for these build ings and for hospitals to be condu cted in close connec tion with the School , an d the provision of an adequate

the ﬁVe endowment , whole sum required being about

n 1 9 0 2 n million dollars . By the spri g of the ecessary subscriptions to complete this sum had been obtained . O l Mr . J . Pierpont Morgan gave ver a mil ion dollars for

1 3 2

e xperiments on the site , and permits the sun , in winter

u to reach the basement windows . Thro ghout special

l n in h a ttention has been given to ight . The wi dows t e t eaching laboratori e s go to the c eili n g and are high e u o m no gh to all w the use of icroscopes at the rear desks .

The lay - out of the b u ildings is based largely on what ff is known as the unit system , but di ers from other unit

a s ystems in adopting a smaller unit . Instead of t king t he te - m n - section aching roo , say of twe ty four feet square , a s o f a unit , the new Medical School takes a unit ten f - c eet of wall space , whi h is the width of a window and f o the h alf pier space on eac h side . One window u nit of te n feet makes a room for indi vidual research ; two window units , a room for a pro ’ f e s so r s n n perso al use ; three window u its , the standard

c o 3 0 23 24 tea hing lab ratory ( by feet ) , accommodating students , with the apparatus and tables necessary for

e their work . In many d partments this seems to be the m ost economical number for one instructor to have under him . Since t he only p e rma nent walls are the outside walls a n d those along the corridors , the cross walls , which

e form the sides of these unit rooms , may be shift d at a n n e w te n n y time and rooms formed of , twe ty , thirty , o r a n u y multiple of ten , feet in length as may be req ired .

n d All the buildi gs , except the A ministration Building c onsist of tw o laboratory wings joined together by a

o n lecture r om , above which is the library of the buildi g . These lecture rooms c a n be used by the men in one

n w t e laboratory wi g i hout disturbing those in the oth r , s inc e the doors by w hi c h th e y are entered are on opposite ’ s ides . The lecturer s desk is on the basement level , and 1 3 3

adjoining are two preparation rooms , one on each side ;

o th e students enter from the main flo r . The large central building of the group i s the Adm in i t a ti o n B u i ldin in o the s r g, which conta s , on the first flo r ,

m o ﬂi c e s Faculty Roo , and adjoining it the of the Dean ’ e c h and the Secretary , the telephon ex ange , a janitor s

e n n room , a large r ading room for stude ts , with a smoki g m room , and a room for the alu ni . On the se c ond ﬂoor is an amphitheatre for lec tur e s on surgery , a large lecture room , and two smaller lecture rooms . The Wa rr en A n a to m i ca l Mu seu m occu pies the w hole

u o l of the three pper ﬂ ors and is lighted by Sky ights , and

the W by glass ﬂoors between cases , as well as by indows

e u n in every alcove . It is conn cted with the npacki g

o e m l l r om in the bas ent by a arge e evator . There are also ro oms for the Curator of the Museum on the third ﬂ oor . I ii the basement a re the room s for X - ray photography l and for instruction in bandaging . There are a so locker

m the de roo s and lavatories for stu nts . Next the Administration Building on the east is the

n a to m a n d Hi sto lo B u ildi n A y gy g. It contains also the D e partments of Operative Surgery a nd Comparative

n m A atomy . The Anato ic al Department occupies the m south wing , and Histology and Co parative Anatomy the w north ing . On the Opposite side of the Court and next the Admin i stra ti o n Buildin g o n the west i s the building devoted to

Ph s io l o a n d Ph s io l o ic a l Chem istr n y gy y g y, physiology bei g

n t - in the south wi g . Besides the section eaching rooms there are rooms for research work , an Operating room for 1 3 4

n u a imals , and sets of rooms for animals nder observ a

c tion , whi h have been arranged with especial care . There

o are also animal h uses on the roof , well ventilated and h aving yards for exercise in the Open air . The labora tories for physiological chemistry a re ﬁtted with all the

e most approved conveni nces . There are also rooms

t o e devoted sp cial research work by individuals . The library in this building diffe rs from the others in that the books are arranged in ﬂoor cases instead of in

a w ll cases . The se three buildings about the south end of the ’ u q adrangle were provided by Mr . J . Pierpont Morgan s gift . Next to the Anatomy Building on the east side of the

P Hu n tin to n B u ild i n o r Pa tho l o a n d Court is the C . . g g f gy

B te io l o f e h e a c r gy. This di f rs from the others in that t

n n the ro fe s teachi g laboratories take up one wi g , and p ’ ’ e c w sors , instructors , and res ar h rooms occupy the hole of the other or south wing .

o f u The teaching laboratories , which there are fo r , are

s - twenty feet high . This height allow two ten foot stories on the research Side corresponding to each teaching laboratory , so that the building in the teaching wing is , including the entrance ﬂoor , three stories high , and on

ﬁ v e the research side , stories high . The teaching laboratories each have a capacity of

- forty eight students . Besides the research rooms in the d south wing there are rooms evoted to gross photography , also to photomicrography and ultra violet p ho to m ic ro graphy ; four rooms are also devoted to surgical

o path logy . In the rear of the building is a separate structure for the housing of animals .

1 3 6 ings moderately heated during the night and o n Sundays

n e when the fans are not run ing . B low the corridor ,

n which gives communication between all the buildi gs , there is a tunnel connecting with the power house on

V ‘ u ila Street . In this tunnel , which is large eno gh for men to work in freely , are carried the hot water pi pes for

e the heating , hot water for the hot water servic in all the buildings , gas and steam pipes , electric conduits , brine for the refrigeration , and all other necessary pipes . In the power house are installed all the necessary appliances for heating , lighting , refrigerating , and power . It is also intended to supply the different hospitals from this same station . It is proposed eventually to close the end of the m ain quadrangle on Longwood Avenue with a n iron fen ce and

a t gates of a monumental character , one the entrance of the terraces on either Side and a large iron gate in the centre of the quadrangle . This fence and gates , it is

w o c hop ed , ill be c ntributed by the lasses of the Medical

n u n S chool o their grad atio . A boulevard one hundred

th e n feet wide , on orth and south axis of the quadrangle , and a plaza at the point where this intersects Longwood

Avenue , when constructed , will give a digniﬁed approach

the - to buildings and will connect them with the Fenway .

T HE DENTAL SCHOOL The Harvard Dental School was established by vote of 1 7 the President and Fellows of Harvard College , July 1 8 6 7 . 1 8 6 5 . In , Dr Nathan Cooley Keep had in his

e annual addr ss before the Massachusetts Dental Society ,

e of which he was then President , sugg sted the need of a 1 3 7

De ntal School in connection with Harvard U n iversity ; and thus b e gan the movement which resulted in the f establishment o the School . The ﬁrst session opened 1 8 6 7 on the ﬁrst Wednesday in November , , and con

n tin ned until the followi g Marc h . The ﬁrst examination

r 6 1 8 69 . of candidates for deg ees was held March ,

c The S hool building , formerly used by the Medical

v e School , is situated on North Gro e Stre t , Boston .

It is three stories in height . The first floor contains 1 40 s the chemical laboratory , provided with desk , the ’ j anitor s rooms , and the store room . The second floor

n c o is used for the mecha i al laborat ry , the waiting room ,

the anaesthesia and surgical rooms , lecture rooms , and

ﬂi e the o c . The large lecture room has a seating capacity

n fl infirm i 3 00 . O a r e s of the third oor are two operating , ffi B and C , an o ce , and a surgical room . Each of the i nfir m a rie s has 27 operati ng chairs ; the surgical room

n is provided with a surgical chair , cases , and instrume ts .

u The fourth ﬂoor contains a s rgical clinic room . T he museum of the School is situated on the third ﬂoor r and contains , in prope ly arranged cabinets , Specimens

‘ o f c o m a ra tiv e p anatomy , materia medica , pathology d mechanical pieces , ental and surgical instruments , plaster models of orthodontia cases , carving, etc . Included in the sp ecimens of comparative anatom y are

24 m n 1 500 e a rs o l d Hawaiian skulls , ore tha y , found in h the caves of the Hawaiian Islands , w ich Show many of the modern diseases known to dentistry . The total number of specimens in the museum is over A library of 70 0 volumes is open to students and grad f nates o the School . 1 3 8

THE BU SSEY INSTITUTION

The School of Agriculture a n d Horticulture known as

w a s t e e the Bussey Institution , es ablish d in xecution of

u tr sts created by the will of Benj amin Bussey , bearing ‘ e 3 0 1 83 5 1 8 7 1 — 2 7 . dat July , , and was opened in It is i e e s tuat d at the outer edg of Jamaica Plain , close to the F o rest Hills stations of the Electric Railw ay and of the Boston and Providence division of the New York ,

New Haven , and Hartford Railroad . The large stone buildi n g of the Institution contains lec

a nd l i n s tru ture rooms , recitation rooms , aboratories for c tion in agriculture and horticulture , and in chemistry , t na ural history, physics , and mathematics and surveying , t as applied to hose arts . It contains , also , a library of some 450 0 volum es relating chieﬂy to agriculture a nd hor

l r n ti c u tu e . The gree houses afford Opportunity for teaching the manual Op e rations of horticulture and for the study of a great variety of livingplants . The nurseries and park like plantations o f the Arnold Arboretu m are adj acent to th e buildings of the School and serve to supplement its teaching .

Connected with the School is a farm , on which forage

w e is gro n and animals are k pt . The students of the Bussey Institution i n clude pers o ns intending to become farmers , gardeners , ﬂorists , landscape a gardeners , managers or stew rds of large estates or of

l e parks , towns , highways , or pub ic institutions , overse rs

a n d . of farms , owners of rural property

1 3 9

THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM

u The Arnold Arboretum , a living m seum of trees and

n w ho e shrubs , is ma aged by a director is also Prof ssor of 220 Arboriculture . It occupies acres of land in Jamaica

o Plain , near the Forest Hills stati n of the New York , w New Haven , and Hartford Railroad , ith two entrances from the Parkway of Boston , which forms its eastern boundary , and others from Centre Street , Walter Street ,

e c Fairview Street , and South Str et , Jamai a Plain . It was established in 1 8 7 2 by an arrangement between the Pre si dent and Fellows and the trustees unde r the will of Jam es

o Arnold , of New Bedf rd , the President and Fellows furnishing about 1 20 acres of land which formed part of

so - t the called Bussey Farm , bequeathed to hem by the late ’ n Benjamin Bussey , and Mr . Arnold s trustees an e dow ment of which has since been increased by accu mulated income and other gifts to By another arrangement , made subsequently with the City of

e Boston , the Arboretum is open to the public ev ry day in

n e the year from sunrise to su s t , and the city , through its

Park Commissioners , has built roads and walks in the Arboretum and supplies the police force necessary for its

n protection . Additional la d was also acquired by the 1 8 9 4 city and added to the Arboretum , which in was further enlarged by the President and Fellows with 75

the acres of ground belonging to Bussey Farm . The Arboretum is now traversed by between three and

o four miles of park r ads , along which all the trees hardy in the climate of eastern Massachusetts are arranged in

n great Open groups of genera , American species bei g 1 40

u followed ﬁrst by E ropean and then by Asiatic species .

t a re These ree groups bordered by shrubs , so far as pos

e e a a nd o ll sibl of the same r lated gener , in a special c e c

o c c e n tion , cupying several a res n ar the entra ce from the

Forest Hills station , all the shrubs hardy in this climate

n e are arra ged in p arall l beds , according to their botanical m relationships . The Arboretu also contains large areas

- in c the of woodland , the management of whi h object

u sought is the production of the greatest natural bea ty , m and many ﬁne native trees . Fro its two high hills views of the distant country and of the City of Boston and its harbor can be obtained . The Arboretum is equipped with a herbarium of ligneous plants preserved i n a ﬁreproof building ; this contains very full sets of specim e ns of a ll North American trees and is rich in the types of the woody vegetation of the whole northern hemisphere ; the dendrological library of volumes and several thousand p amphlets is believed to be unrivalled in its completeness . In con n e c ti o n with the Herbarium and Library there is a very c omplete set of wood specimens representing the trees of

North America , presented to the University with the cases in which they are arranged by Mr . Morris K . Jesup of

New York . Special students in dendrology are received at the Arboretum , and every spring and autumn popular lectures are given , largely to teachers but it is principally managed as a station for scie ntiﬁc research into the h character , the distribution , and the uses of ardy trees

m . and shrubs , and of the best ethods for their cultivation

1 42

a c c omm o dations not substantially better or worse than what the Unive rsity give s in its dormitories but in recent years l u xurious quarters for the ric h e r students have been

e e n c e x provid d by the terprise of apitalists . Thes e p e n sive buildin gs are ne arly all to the southward of the

e u Coll ge Yard , on Mount A burn Street or in its neighbor

e o f hood . The n west them have such appliances for the p l e asure and comfort of their lodgers as are fo und in e xp e nsive bachelor apartm ents in N e w York and other c ities ; swimmin g tanks and apparatu s fo r gymnastic s are

o f o ffered by some them . The poorer students ﬁnd rooms

- fiv e at rentals of seventy dollars , fifty dollars , or even less ; the richer pay on an average five hundred dollars . The rooms in the dormitories and in most of the private

a re a n d m a houses let unfurnished , a student y ﬁt up his

u r o his q arters economically or luxu iously , according t

m e . n e u ans Ordinarily , a stude t rooming alon has a st dy a nd o t w o a small bedroom or alc ve , and students rooming to gether have a study i n common and two bedrooms or a o lc ves .

No doubt , the chief reason why the newer private dormi t ories have arisen between the Yard and the Charles R iver is that this region has come to be the centre of t the th e hose activities in which social spirit , college loyalty , and the literary , mu sical , and other interests of

e h the student body xpress t emselves . Here are the

e m m i p rincipal club hous s , ost of the w thin easy reach of

he o A n t . d rmitories long Massachusetts Avenue , faci g the

a Y ard , and in Harv rd Square , southwest of the Yard , are

h e t e e b e tc . Shops , r staurants , illiard rooms , most frequent d by the students . Across the river are the principal play grounds , and on its banks are the boat houses . 1 43

ATHLETIC S

Of all the student activities , none attracts more atten tion from the general public than athletics and those branches of athleti c s in which Harvard teams e ngage in intercollegiate conte sts have been for years the su bject of much discussion . The various sports are sustained by elaborate organizations among the students , and t f regula ed by a committee composed of o ﬁcers , graduates , and undergraduates . The old Delta was for many years the principal playground ; when it was chosen to be the s ite of Memorial Hall , Jarvis Field was secured in its stead . Jarvis and Holmes ﬁelds accommodated all the 1 8 9 5 ’ teams excep t the crews until , when Soldier s Field south of the Charles , became available .

S OLDIER’S FIELD

This Sp acious playground , covering twenty acres , was

l 1 8 9 0 n L e e given to the Col ege in by He ry Higginson , of 1 the Class of 855. A shaft near the main entrance is inscribed as fol lows To THE HAPPY MEMORY OF J AMES SAVAGE CHARLES RUSSELL LOWELL EDWARD BARRY DALTON STEPHEN GEORGE PERKINS JAMES JACKSON LOWELL ROBERT GOULD SHAW FRIENDS COMRADES KINSMEN WHO DIED FOR THEIR COUNTRY THIS FIELD IS DEDICATED BY HENRY LEE HIGGINSON THOUGH LOVE REPINE AND REASON CHAFE THERE CAME A VOICE WITHOUT REPLY ’ ’ T I S MAN S PERDITION T o B E SAFE WHEN FOR THE TRUTH HE OUGHT T o D IE 1 44

’ I n 1 8 9 3 —9 4 o k , a l c er building was erected on S oldier s

l the the Fie d by subscriptions from Alumni , Carey build ing on Holmes Field being no longer available for the

u teams , on acco nt of the distance . Opposite the locker

- 1 89 building stands a base ball cage , built in 7 . It is

called the Carey building , for the reason that in the same year the Corporation took the Carey building on Holmes

In e Field for a laboratory , and r turn contributed ’ to the improvement of the new playground . On S oldier s

- - d Field are the b ase ball diamond , the foot ball ﬁel

Is t - a n d around which a quar er mile cinder track , ﬁelds

e o r for lacross and other Sports . The Sh oting Club p a c

tises here also , and has a small house of its own .

o At the northeast corner. f the ﬁeld is the Newell Gate ’ and within it a keeper s lodge . On the gate is the fol lowing inscription THIS GATE WAS ERECTED IN MEMORY OF MARSHALL NEWE LL BORN 1 87 1 D IED 1 89 7 T AN ATHLETE STURDY ALERT AND. BRAVE A LOVER OF BEAUTY AND TRUTH A SIMPLE UNSELFISH WHOLESOME FAITHFUL MAN

“ SOME PEOPLE ARE LIK E SPR INGS ALWAYS BUBBLING OVER WITH FRESHNESS AND LIFE

1 46

l processes of decay , and on account of the arge expense

u ann ally incurred for repairs . The Athletic Committee , ’ e 1 8 9 therefore , willingly add d to the Class of 7 s gift the surplus of $57 which had gradually accum ulated in its hands , and the necessary balance was easily borrowed ,

e to be r paid from gate receipts in later years . A careful study of the problem under the guidance of Professor Hollis Sho wed that a structure of stone or brick would

be quite beyond the means available , and that concrete ,

‘ e reinforced by twisted ste l rods , was the most suitable

the substance for purpose . The general plan , from the

o u t architectural side , was worked by Mr . George B .

M KIID . C de Gersdorff , under the direction of Mr . C F . but the working drawings were made and the c o nstru c

L . tion supervised by Professor . J Johnson , with Mr .

n e J . R . Worcester as consulting e gin er . The method of building consisted of putting up

W the c . wooden molds , into hich oncrete was poured Every column and beam and all the walls h a d twisted

m o f steel rods i bedded in them , as a means preventing

cracks due to Shrinkage . The removal of the wooden

molds has in all cases left a perfect imprint of the wood , and further treatment of the outside is necessary to

remove all evid e nce of the joints and cracks as . well as r the grain of the wood . The seats we e cast separately

and were put in place upon steel girders , just as stone t would be laid . They are really artiﬁcial stone , wi h " steel netting imbedded in them to prevent cracks . T he total cost of the Stadium in its present unﬁnished condition was about

S e e a n a c c o u n t o f th e buil din g o f th e S ta dium i n th e Ha r v a r d ’ a u a tes Ma a z i n e Ma rc h 19 04 v o l . xii . 3 4 1 . Gr d g , , , , p 1 4 7

ROWING

Doubtless the oldest of the athletic sports no w ﬂo u rish

d n A S a 1 844 a o f ing at Cambri ge is rowi g . e rly as , the Cl ss

g - e 1 846 bou ht an eight oared b o at and nam ed it the On ida .

. e n e its Several clubs were formed , ach taking the am of

t e t boat . The clubs raced wi h each oth r and wi h out

52 he n e - a a d . 1 8 t side clubs In , lo g s ries of Yale H rv r

a tw o - e o L d races began on mil c urse on ake Quinsigamon , the Oneida of H a rvard winning by four le n gths from the

e e w o n m e Shawmut of Yal . A second rac was fro Yal

1 855 u e n in , and the building of a boat ho s the ext year was one of the signs o f the growing popul a rity o f the

8 0 a a e . 1 59 1 8 6 sport In and , Harvard be t Y l and Brown on L ake Qu insigamond ; the Shell us e d by th e Harvard

D u r crews in those two races is in the Harvard Union .

IVa r w 1 8 64 w ing the Civil , ro ing languished until , hen

re Su m e d . 1 8 70 the races with Yale were In , Harvard had a record ag a inst her chief rival of seven victories out

n o 1 8 6 9 o - o of ni e c ntests ; in , a f ur oar Harvard crew r wed

e i a very creditable race on the Tham s aga nst Oxford , the

Englishmen winning by six seconds .

m 1 8 7 1 1 8 7 6 o w e Fro to , Harvard r d in college regattas ,

B u 1 a ﬁrst at S pringﬁeld and then at Saratoga . t in 8 7 6

w a s en t dual league with Yale formed , and this arrangem

9 5 c 1 8 5. 1 8 79 1 89 lasted until From until , all the ra es

L t o e were rowed at New ondon . Owing a ruptur of

t a e 1 8 9 6 a t a hletic relations with Y le , Harvard row d in

e . 1 8 9 7 Poughkeepsie , and was beaten by Corn ll In and 1 89 8 C H , ornell beat both Yale and arvard . The dual

e league with Yale has been reviv d within recent years . Yale at prese n t leads Harvard in the n umber of vic 1 48

n tories . In addition to the an ual race with Yale at New L 1 9 05 d ondon , since races have been rowe with Cornell e a t a t 1 9 ither Cambridge or Poughkeepsie , and in 0 7

Harvard rowed Columbia on the Charles River . In 1 9 0 6 the victo rious crew against Yale rowed ag a inst

O . xford on the Thames It was defeated , but rowed a very creditable race , and derived much beneﬁcial r e owing xperienc e . ’ The crew or “ eight is housed in the Varsity boat

hous e . A captain is elected at the end of eac h season by

the men who have rowed in the principal race , usually t he race with Yale . The captain , after consultation with

r t o g aduates interested in rowing , selec s a c ach , who is ord i nar i ly a Harvard graduate ; but the cre ws of 1 8 9 7 9 1 8 8 . . . L n and were coached by Mr R C ehma n , a gradu

a te o f Cambridge , England , and a famous amateur expert l in rowing . For the ast four years the University crew

o has had the instructi n of a professional coach .

the Besides University , there are a number of other

w r 1 8 79 e cre s at Harva d . In , class crews w re formed

a n d o n the class races , rowed every spring the Charles , ’ have ser v ed to develop oarsmen for the Varsity .

- T h l B o a t H us e In 1 8 9 0 . e W e d o . , Mr George W W 1 8 60 alker eld , of the Class of , who , in Spite of O being himself a n inval id and i ncapable of any active

e n xercise , retai ed a keen interest in athletics , built and equipped a boat hous e for the esp e cial beneﬁt of students

not rowing on the University or class crews . The Weld

Boat Club had possession of this building , Situated on

h e the east bank of the C arles River , at Boylston Stre t ,

n IVe ld Cambridge , u til the new Boat House was built in 1 9 0 7 .

1 49

W' The new eld Boat House , situated on the site of the in 1 9 0 7 former Weld Boat House , was built with money

o n 1 9 0 5 from the estate of Ge rge W . Weld , who , dyi g in , desired that his property be devoted to undergraduate

l n sports , especial y rowi g. The architects of the new building were Peabody and

Stearns .

h n ive r s it B o a t Ho us e T e U y , on the other side

of the river and a little further upstream , was a gift from

o 1 8 9 9 the Harv ard Club of New Y rk City . Built in , at a cost of it was destroyed by ﬁre in December

of the same year . The loss was covered by insurance , but m ore mo ne y was given by the New York Harvard

b e Clu , and work was soon begun on the pres nt building, which cost and was formally turned over t o the

1 6 1 9 0 1 . University on November , It is used by the University crews and by the Newell

1 8 9 8- 9 9 Boat Club , which was organized in and was 1 89 4 named in honor of Marshall Newell , of the Class of ,

d a - a famous in his y as a foot ball pl yer and oarsman . Until 1 9 0 1 the Newell Club had quarters in the old boat house . The present system of selecting the University crew is as follows Class crews are fo rmed a t both the Weld and Newell

a nd h clubs early in the season , race for the class c am

io n shi p p just before the spring recess . From these crews the most promising men are selected by the captain and t coaches for further training and trials . The vic orious

class crews take part in various dual races and regattas . In 1 9 0 5—0 6 the system o f graded crew s was abolished a n d a new system of dormitory crews was inaugurated . 1 50

This at once proved popular , as it enabled a mu c h greater m number than for erly to take part in rowing . Each of

o i the larger dormit r es has a crew , and the smaller dormitories join in groups of two or three in form ing c rews Th e se dorm itory races take the form of ‘ i t bump ng races . Under this sys em the various crews

c take their pla es along the river in Single ﬁle , at equal l interv a s . The crew which laps the one ahead is said to r w bump the other c ew , and in the next race the cre s “ ” whic h bump and whi c h are “ bumped ex c hange positions . This system has proved very popular and arouses much enthusiasm . After a series of races , cups w are awarded to the best cre .

F O O T—BALL

- Foot ball , as played nowadays , is a comparative new comer among college s ports ; but foot- ball of a different

n e sort was played at Harvard lo g befor the Civil War .

A rough - and - tumble match between the Freshmen and the

‘ he Sophomores used to be played every year on t D e lta . it The Faculty put an end to the custom , but is supposed that the rushes on “ Bloody Monday ” night — the evening of the ﬁrst Monday after term begins in the a u

— n tu m n were a survival of the old encou ters on the Delta .

1 8 73 - c a w a s In , a foot ball asso i tion formed , and rules limiting the number of players to ﬁfteen on a side were

‘

T he n u m b e r . adopted . was gradually reduced to eleven 5 1 880 . 1 8 8 In , the Rugby rules were adopted In , the

h u Faculty prohibited t e game on account of its ro ghness , but the next year the ban was removed .

The ﬁrst regular game of fo ot - ball between Harvard and Yale w a s pl ayed in the fall of 1 875 and was wo n by

1 52

1 8 9 6 In , athletic relations with Yale were resumed after

e - a break of over a year . Of the twelv series of base ball t games played since that date , Harvard has won nine , wi h

- a total of nineteen games out of thirty one . There was

a tie game played in Cambridge in 1 9 0 5. The game with Yale the day before Class Day at Cambridge is one of the great athletic events of every year . Harvard plays

also with various other colleges .

TR ACK ATHLETIC S

The track and ﬁeld teams represe nt the University in

e the annual Mott Haven gam s , a meeting of various col

e leges , and in the dual gam s with Yale . Harvard has a

c u e Mott Haven p , the trophy of ight victories , and in 1 8 9 9 the ﬁrst cup off ered for the dual contests with Yale ’ became Harvard s property as the result of ﬁve vic tories

over her dearest foe . Since 1 89 1 there have been Sixteen dual meets with

Yale . Of these Harvard has won nine , with a total of ’ 8 627 o } points to Yale s 83 3 5p ints . In the contest for the present trophy a S ilver cup each University has

won four victories .

OTH E R SPORT S

L d awn tennis is played chieﬂy on Jarvis Fiel , which was given over to the L awn Tennis Association when the

o - l fo t ball team ceased to p ay there . Several tennis courts ’ have been built lately on Soldier s Field . There is a golf

team , a lacrosse team , a fencing team , a shooting team ,

- - an Association foot ball team , a basket ball team , a

hockey team , and a swimming team . 1 53

The studen t organizations devoted to other than athletic purposes are many and various . To most of them the term club m a y be applied ; but some have not taken that form . Perhaps the greatest practical importance should be attributed to the editorial ‘ boards of the student publica tions .

HARV ARD JOURNALI S M

The undergraduate publications are six in number .

The Ha rv a rd Cr im so n d appears daily , excepting Sun ays .

The L a m o o n p , the college illustrated comic paper , and

T he Adv o ca te o f S ix , the oldest the , whence its sobriquet , ” n The Mother Advocate , are published fort ightly .

Mo n thl The Ha rv a rd I llu stra ted y, as its name implies , and

a z i ne The Ha rv a r Ma g are published once a month . d

E n in e er in Jo u r na l g g is issued four times during the year . To these may properly be added T he Ha rv a r d L a w

R ev i ew L a w . , conducted by students in the School

T he Ha rv a rd L a m o o n o 1 8 7 6 p , f unded in , had among m its ﬁrst editors Robert Grant , F . J . Sti son , J . T . Wheel

. 1 8 80 wright , and F . G . Attwood In , it ceased to appear , a n d some of the m e n who had founded it went to New

L i e York to write for f , which was started at that time .

1 88 1 T he L a m o o n In , p began to come out again as in its ” e S cond Series , so that it is now able to boast that it is the oldest comic p aper in the country and the p arent of i r L e . n f The edito s , about twenty in umber , have a Sanc tum in the house next the Hasty Pudding Club on Holyoke

e e Str et . The comical aspects of colleg life are set forth in this paper , and a mildly satirical attitude is maintained

n towards the gover ing powers . 1 54

The Ha rv a r d Cr im so n e d , the colleg aily , is a larger and m o re business - like con c ern t han a n y of the other col

the d a lege papers . The board of editors and candi tes ,

e m t c who serve a s vere four onths appren i eship , are expecte d to do a really co n siderable am ount of work dur

Cr im so n f ing the colle ge year . The O ﬁces in the Harvard Union are large a n d give working accomm o dations to the

k T he B u ll etin the a graduate wee ly , , and to Harv rd cor ” f e n o . respondents various n wspapers The Sa ctum , i n o f to the back of the ﬁce , is more or less sacred the

c b o . editors , and is used chieﬂy as a lu r om The Ha rv a rd A d v o ca te is more closely associated with the undergraduate p ublications of the past than a ny other

e m Harvard p riodical now issued . It is the i mediate suc

- C o ll e ia n w 1 8 66 cessor of the short lived g , hich appeared in “ the e st e o n with motto Dulce p riculum . The sec d of the three num bers of The Co ll egia n c ontained a Socratic d ialogue , in which Socrates asked what the compulsory

n m n chapel services really were , co sidering that the i ister was the only p e rson present who was inte nt on his d e vo tions . After the Faculty had suppressed the paper and threatened exp u lsion to any w ho should allow them selves

A dv o ca te such freedom again , the appeared under the ” V re u r v e t . motto eritas nihil In time , it ventured to “ ” print the old m otto Dulce est periculum also .

The n thl he d o c a te l Mo y is much like T A v . Both pub ish

The Mo n thl h stories and poems , but y is given also to rat er m serious studies in literature . For exa ple it published the ﬁrst English translation of one of Ibsen’s later pl ays a n u rth e r d the ﬁrst bibliography of George Meredith . F it f more , proposes to keep in touch with college a fairs , “ ” and prints every month a leader , written by some

1 56

— 1 83 5 1 83 8 . . . n Phillips Brooks , F B S anbor , and J . B . Greenough were among the originators of The Ha rv a rd ’70 Ma a z i n e . R g Roger Wolcott , , and Theodore oosevelt , ’ h A dv o ca te 80 T e . , were on

THE CLUB S There are more than a hundred student organizations “ ” i c other than athletic , to each of wh ch the term lub

m a y be applied . Social intercourse is a feature of most

of them , but in many this is subsidiary to other objects .

PRACTI CAL CLUB S There are clubs devoted to such practical work as the management of the dining halls ( the Harvard Dini ng

t he a Association and R ndall Hall Association ) , to the

C o O e r a tiv e conduct of a store ( the p Society) , or to the superintendence of philanthropic undertakings ( the Phil

lips Brooks House Association ) . These have been already

described . RELIGIOU S S O CIETIE S

The rel igious societies have been many . Those now

‘ ﬂourishi n g are the Harvard University Christian Asso

c ia tio n i t ( Protestant) , which traces its or gin to the S a ur ’

n in 1 80 2 . d ay Eveni g S ociety , founded ; the St Paul s 1 8 9 2 Catholic Club , formed in ; the Harvard Mission , 1 4 ’ 9 0 . founded in , and the St Paul s Society ( Protestant

Episcopal) . Phillips Brooks House is available for the

' he se so i e ti e s meetings of all t c . 1 57

POLITICAL CLUB S

The interest of the st rident body in the affairs of the

c m fre Republic , and in parti ular political ovements , is

u . q ently exhibited In fact , none of the higher forces of University life are stro n ger than the simple impulse of p atriotism . The presidential elections always bring into action clubs representing the two great parties ; fre quently , the smaller parties , and factions of the greater ,

o n are als represe ted . Organizations like the Harvard Political Club aim at continuous agitation along certain lines . S ECTI O NAL CLUB S

S the ectional clubs , like the Southern , Maine , the Cali fo rni a W n , and the estern New York , bri g together the

n men whose feeling for their home associations is stro g , especially those whose homes are remote from Cambridge .

Of these , the Southern Club , which has a club house

7 7 . of its own at Mt Auburn Street , is perhaps the best

c organized . Similarly , the larger prep aratory s hools are represented by such associations as the Exeter Club , the

Andover Club , etc .

EDUCATIO NAL CLUB S

u — There are associations of st dents gradu ates , under

u - - e grad ates , and professional schools men bas d on serious interest in nearly every important branch of study . The Graduate Club brings together a large number of men p ursuing advanced studies and doi ng original work in

n v various departments , amo g them many representati es

l a w of other American and C anadian colleges . The clubs are organized like courts ; their members prepare 1 58

briefs , argue cases , and render decisions , all in the most

- n business like way . Amo g the undergraduates , the clubs

n n interested in modern la guages are p articularly stro g . The Cercle Francais and the Deutscher Verein both give

dramatic performances , and in recent years the Cercle

has been enabled , through the generosity of Mr . James ’ 9 8 t Hazen Hyde , , to offer the Universi y community courses of lectu res on French literatu re by such eminent

e a n . d French men of letters as M Bruneti re M . Rod .

E s a ﬁ o l a The Circolo Italiano , the Sociedad p , and the

e Esp ranto Society cultivate their respective ﬁelds . For the students of science there are the Natural History

n — Society , an old orga iz ation , the Boylston Chemical

the Club , Electrical Club , and several others . The debating clubs should also be placed in this cate

c gory , and they have an espe ial interest for the public b e cause of the intercollegiate debates in which they

the engage . Debating was a feature of many of older societies which in the course of time have become purely “ ” social . A Harvard Union , devoted entirely to speak

i n . 1 8 80 g, ﬂourished in the thirties It was revived in , a n d in 1 8 9 1 — 9 2 it started a series of annual debates with — Y . ale At present there are three debating clubs , the

n Agora , the Forum , and the Freshman Debati g Club ;

and in addition the University Debating Council , which is composed of the presidents of the three clubs and men

who have been University debaters . It has charge of t all the debating interests of the College . Intercollegia e 1 89 3 debates have been held annually with Yale since , 1 and with Princeton Since 89 5. Of seventeen debates

with Yale , Harvard has won thirteen ; of twelve with

Princeton , eight have been decided in favor of Harvard .

1 60

a n d the l tests , Whist Club has beaten Ya e almost every 1 9 4 8 . year Since , when the club was formed

H r a r n i o n T h e a v d U . The Harvard Union is

the most inclusive of all Harvard clubs . Its member ship is o pen to all past and present members o f Harvard

n h U iversity , whet er their connection is that of students or

f b o t o ﬁcers . It thus ecomes a c mmon mee ing ground and

e place of convenient r sort for all Harvard men , S ince it accommodates under one roof a great many of the inte rests

a nd which bring Harvard men together , also provides the

- o ho u conveniences of a large and well app inted club se . It is also the accepted place for University m ass meet

ings , and for the large gatherings of graduates and i t undergraduates occasioned by mportant athletic con ests . The name Harvard Union was ﬁrst given to a debat 1 8 80 ing society founded in March , , which , it was hoped ,

would form the nucleus of a university club , like the

Unions at Oxford and Cambridge . As a debating society

it accomplished some useful results , but on the social side ’ it failed to expand . Meanwhile , with Harvard s rapid

growth , the need of a social centre became more apparent , 1 8 9 5 and , in the autumn of , new interest in the project having been stim ulated by an article in the Ha rv a rd ’ ’ G ra d u a tes Ma a z i n e 8 1 g by William Roscoe Thayer , , 1 880 the ﬁrst president of the Harvard Union of , a

m e eeting was call d to discuss it . A permanent com i m tte e . , of which Mr Charles Francis Adams was chairman

and Mr . W . R . Thayer was secretary , was appointed , and

u thro gh circulars , correspondence , and personal addresses , it brought the question befo re Harvard alumni in all parts

o of the country . It was th ught that would be

1 62

1 0 0 e f et long by 40 feet wide) . Its walls of panelled

a re oak hung with portraits , and there are two large open

t o n m hear hs for wo d ﬁres at Opposite e ds of the roo . Daily newspapers from the principal cities of the United t S ates are kept on ﬁle . Small tables are available for

t - n af er dinner coffee or light refreshme ts . Occasionally

e e h smok rs , open to members , are h ld here , at whic enter t a in m e nt u m is f rnished by the University usical clubs , or d by rea ings , addresses , etc . On the left are the dining

— a rooms large one for general use , a small one for th e t L n m Universi y athletic teams . Adjoining the ivi g Roo on the right are periodical , game , and writing rooms . In the second story is a well chosen library of over S ix h m t ousand volumes , contained in three connecting roo s which give direct access to the Shelve s and afford an L agreeable privacy to readers . The ibrary Committee enjoys the interested cooperation of the University Library n f a d of several o ﬁcers of the University . On the same

e ﬂoor is the Trophy Room , which contains an int resting series of athletic trophies won by University teams , a ’ committee room , an assembly room , and a ladies dining

e room , to which there is a s parate entrance . The upper

Adv o ca te Mo n thl story provides quarters for the and the y,

n a d bedrooms for a few transient guests . The Athletic

n f e M a ager has an o ﬁce und r the pavilion . The Union is managed by a board of ofﬁ cers chosen annually by the active members in all departments of the University . A board of seven trustees , appointed in

r the ﬁ st instance by the Corp oration , holds the title to

a nd e e v in the property , has gen ral ov rsight of its ital t e re sts n . The expense of runni g the Union is about 2000 a year , which includes about $ for ground 1 63

1 0 5 rent . Annual membership costs $ for active , $ for

3 - associate , and $ for non resident members ; life mem

b e rshi 50 75. p for graduates is $ , and for students , $ The present membership of the Union IS about 4000 . Of this number over 20 0 0 are activ e student members and about 1 1 50 are life members .

LITERARY AND S OCIAL CLUB S We come ﬁnally to a long list of clubs which as a group , cannot be accurately described as either social or literary ; nor can they be accurately divided into literary and social . Nearly all of them began by being literary . The majority have ended by going over entirely to good

bu t n fellowship , eve these frequently give their convivi m h ality a traditional literary or dra atic form . Per aps the best w a y to des c ribe them as a group i s to say that m they are all social clubs , so e of which retain literary features .

o n the In e , however , the Phi Beta Kappa , social side is pres e nted chieﬂy to the alumni members who gather at Cambridge the day after Com m encement for the annual oration and poem , which are given in S anders Theatre , " fo r e and the dinner , which was eaten in Massachus tts 1 9 0 2 h Hall until , Since w en it has been served in the

Union . To the undergraduate , membership is desirable chieﬂy as a formal mark of academic distinction . “ so - k The Phi Beta Kap pa , the ﬁrst of the called Gree ” r “ il lia m letter societies , originated at the College of V 1 and Mary in irginia in 7 76 . The Harvard Chapter was established by charter in 1 78 1 and remained a secret

1 1 n society down to 83 . Its catalogue shows a lo g roll

e a nd a of minent names , many of the Phi Beta Kapp 1 64

addresses and poems have becom e famous ; ex amples are ’ ’ 1 83 7 Philli s s 1 88 1 Emerson s address in Wendell p in , ’ and Oliver Wendell Holmes s poem in 1 83 6 . The speeches m at the dinner are never reported . The immediate m e

bers are taken from the two higher classes , from each

- ﬁv e class thirty being chosen .

Other clubs which , though really social , maintain an

‘ K . m 1 . 8 58 intellectual tone , are the O , which dates fro

‘ 1 8 70 a nd 1 9 0 2 the Signet , which was founded in , in t moved into its present qu ar ers , the former A . D . Club

u r u a nd Ho se , on Mount Aubu n and D nster Streets , the

m h a n w A do c . p , a com p arative ne omer These three choose m their members fro the upper classes , and are not rivals ; membership in one of the m does not debar a student fro m

election to the others . The Delta Upsilon was organized h 1 8 8 1 t a the . in , and is the s rongest c p ter fraternity has

1 2 . e Its club house is at Holyoke Place Ev ry spring , it

o the o f t he pr duces a play , usually selected from works

e Elizab than dramatists .

e There is also at Harvard a chapter of Theta D lta Chi ,

n t with a club house on Du ster and Winthrop Stree s . The Kappa Gamma Chi Club was formerly the Harvard chap

t t b u t ter of the fra ernity by tha name , has now become

he b e 1 6 t . local . Its clu hous is at Prescott S reet T re is

also a Harvard chapter of Sigma Alpha Epsilon , and there are several clubs composed of men who have belonged to the same fraternities at oth e r c olleges previous to e ntering

- tt t Harvard . But as a rule the Greek le er socie ies at Harvard have no connec tio n with o ther chapters t hrough

out the country .

e For example , the D lta Kapp a Epsilon at Harvard

e c bett r known as the Di key , is the Sophomore secret

1 6 6

o n m which its embers still occasionally regale themselves . Its meetings were held for many y e ars in the rooms of

1 849 e members , but in it obtain d permanent quarters in

e Stoughton Hall , where at length a whole ﬂoor was giv n

e over to it . Here was a stag on which the dramatic per fo rm a n c e s which have brought the c lub its wide reputation used to be presented .

1 8 7 6 u the In , the P dding moved into wooden building on Holmes Field now used by the Astrono m ical Depart

o ment . Its present club house on H lyoke Street , was

1 88 8 . built in It has a theatre in the rear , and a con i r bl l a re s d e a e ibrary . The plays given ﬁrst in the club

t . house and af erwards in Boston Nowadays , they usually m d take the comic opera for , the wor s and music being the work of members . Several of the Pudding shows h e e ave recommend d thems lves to professionals . Besides the a t plays , there are various peculiar us ges and cus oms which give a quality o f distinction to the good fellowship ’ he a c which is t club s m in object and attra tion . Its cata lognes al m ost vie with those of the Phi B e ta Kapp a in m the matter of dist inguished names . Its im ediate mem bers are all Seniors and Juniors . The Pi Eta Society was founded in 1 8 65 by members of the Class of ’6 6 who felt that the increasing Size of the College warranted the formation of a secon d large Senior

n o w society . Its ﬁrst quarters were on Brighton ( t 1 8 7 . 3 Boylston) S reet In , it obtained rooms in Hollis ,

o where it ﬁrst began t give dramatic entertainments .

e e Thr e years lat r , a ﬁre caused a third removal , this time 1 8 t u . 9 4 to Bra tle Sq are In , the Society took possession 1 8 9 7 of its present club house on Winthrop Square ; in , a

a m theatre was dded . For erly , the Pi Eta drew its mem 1 6 7

a bers from the Everett Athen eum , a society no longer in existence , much as the Pudding draws its members chieﬂy 0 1 7 7 . from the Institute of At present , however , the

Pi Eta takes in men from the three upper classes . Its p lays are produced in Cambridge and Boston , and are usually the work of members . m There remain a number of small social clubs , ost of

- t fﬁ t them with Greek let er names , but without a liation wi h m chapters in other colleges . The oldest of these s all

the Po rc e l lia n clubs , and doubtless the best known , is ,

c n whose club house is on Massa husetts Avenue , early 1 79 1 opposite Boylston Hall . It was founded in as the ’ n e e Pig Club , became the Gentlemen s Society the xt y ar , and in 1 79 4 took its present name . Its ﬁrst rooms were 1 8 9 1 in Stoughton ; the club house was built in . As a rule , the members are wealthy students of social promi

ne nc e . . The club has a ﬁne library ‘ D h The A . . , whose club ouse is at the corner of

h a n d Plympton Street and Massac usetts Avenue , the

o o f Alpha Delta Phi , whose club h use is at the corner

Mount Auburn Street and Holyoke Place , both trace their origin to a society foun ded in 1 83 6 and c alled the Alpha w Delta Phi . At one time , o ing to Faculty Opposition to

' a l e t O c o nce . secret societies , it had its xistence It then took the name A . D . At present , however , the two clubs Z w are entirely separate . The eta Psi , hich has held a p lace in the college social system not unlike that of the

i s 1 847 . Alpha Delta Phi , dates from Its club house at l 1 5 Holyoke Street . Other smal clubs which possess

a re houses of their own the Delta Phi , the Sphinx , the

Calumet , the Phi Delta Psi , and the Digamma . The

u n mber of these small and exclusive clubs , which take 1 6 8 their members chieﬂy from the rolls of the Institute and

e the Pudding , seems to be increasing . Formerly , th y att ached much imp o rtance to secrecy ; but the buildi ng of club houses seems to have worked a chan ge in this respect . A general ch aracteristic of all these social organizations

e - su fﬁ c in at Harvard is the s lf g way in which , as a rule ,

a nd they avoid mere noise publicity . In this respect , they have a strong resemblance to the b e tter sort of clu bs in cities . The number of students seems to necessitate

th e o n numerous clubs , and tendency is to organize them those lines of congeniality and com m o n interests which

n o determine social groupings I the great w rld . In the

' n o f c ha ra c te rs the shapi g , and ultimately of careers , social intercourse among students a t Harvard plays a part scarcely less important than the instruction offered by the University . It breaks up the student body into

m n i various groups , which aintai a certa n cohesion and consistency in after life .

COMMENCEMENT AND CLASS DAY

o h Of the student b dy as a w ole , it may be said that it represents all but a very few elements of American citi i z e nsh t . p , wi h a considerable foreign admixture One never sees the whole of it at once ; but at the great athletic exhibitions , and on a few occasions of special academic interest , one may get a fair idea of what the whole would be like . The greatest occasions are Class D ay and Commence i n . r me t Both have frequently been desc bed in books , and in the main the d e scriptions hold good from year to

1 69

he e year . Commencements have been held from t b gin n k 1 5 ning , with a si gle brea of seven years , from 7 7 to

1 8 1 . 7 , occasioned by the Revolutionary War The chief

the i n r features of the day are ceremonies Sanders Theat e , where a few parts are spoken by candidates for de grees , and where the degrees , now more than a thousand

e n in numb r each year , are co ferred , the great gathering of Alumni in the Yard and of particular ( graduate) m classes in various roo s in the older buildings , the pro cession in order of classes to Memorial , and the speeches there .

The beginnings of Class D ay are unknown . It is cele bra te d on Friday of the week before Commencement .

n The Seniors , in caps and gow s , go to prayers together in Appleton Chapel , and later gather with their friends

a nd a in S anders , where the Class Orator speaks , the Cl ss “ ” Poet and Odist read their verses . Spreads are given

n In a h . 1 89 8 in ma y places the fternoon , until , t ere was ” “ m u always The Tree , the ost pec liar of Harvard cus

o f u ne x toms , whose origin , like that Class D ay , is

n plained . The tree itself stands in the quadra gle p artly enclosed by Harvard , Hollis , and Holden , and it stood

n there more than a hundred years ago , as an old e graving

O n . c o u ntl e ss n shows . Class Day after oons its trunk has been circled by a band of ﬂowers , for which crowds of

u Seniors , attired in tterly disreputable raiment , have

the striven to applause of fair spectators . But for various reasons “ The Tree was abandoned in 1 8 9 8 and for several years an entirely new set of ceremonies was performed around the statue of John Harvard at the 1 9 04 w west end of Memorial Hall . Since , ho ever , the

u Stadi m has been used for the afternoon exercises , and 1 70 forms an ample and pictu resque gathering - place for the great company that streams down from the Yard and across the bridge . On the curving rows of stone seats are the ladies in a bewildering variety of summer cos u m e s r b t . On the grassy semici cle elow are disposed the graduates and undergraduates who have marched in by

e order of classes . The S eniors come last , and are gre ted by rounds of cheers . The Ivy Orator displays his wit , and SO excellent are the acoustic properties of the place that he c an be heard by almost the whole company .

n The Seniors , gathered in the centre , si g their class

e e song, ch er the athletic teams , the President and D an , L the several classes , and the adies , and ﬁnally , as the line m arches about the enclosure , a storm of paper confetti

o u t e o u t breaks , and long colored str amers ﬂoat into the

A S air . the latter fall upon the company , they are

u e m eagerly caught p , and in tangl d asses are bandied back and forth in a gay and lively battle . The long line returns to the Yard and its vicinity “ ” Teas are waiting in Society buildings , in p rivate rooms , and in the more retired portions of the Yard . In the evening there is dancing in various halls ; the Yard is bedecked with Japanese lanterns and thronged with promenaders ; and in the midst of all is the Glee ’ “ a t Club s stand , whence last the strains of Fair Harvard announce to the class whose name is gleaming on the front of University that its college days are numbered .

1 72

H a r a r n e rs t F o u nda ra r o c a l th v d U iv i y , Lib y S i E ic s ti o n C o n stitu ti o n se m o f m , , Mu u C o p a ra a n d D e pa rtm e n ts t i v e Zo ol o gy

o f I Lo c ke r Buildin g ta t e o e l l S . R . st f u L w , J , Bu o Uni o n H a stin gs H a l l M a ssa c hu se tts H a ll H o l e n Cha e l d p Ma tthe s H a l l 23 44 w , H o l l s H a l l i M e c a l S c h o o l 1 0 1 di , 3 0 Ho l w o rth H a l l y M e m o r a l H a l l 2 4 i 3 , 7 H o l o e H o se y k u ta l l r a r r M e o g a phy , L b o a t o y o f 9 8 H e n e a o ra to r o f ygi , L b y n e ra l o a n d e tro ra h Mi gy P g p y , a ra to r e s o f 1 9 1 2 L b o i 0 , 1 ffe rso n s c a l a o ra Je Phy i L b se m o ta n c a l 1 Mu u , B i 07 t o r y C o m p a ra tiv e Zo o l n l m J o ur a i s o gy o 23 69 F gg , L a n de l l H a l l 1 0 1 21 g , Ge o l o gi c a l 1 13 L a w S c h o o l 1 0 121 , G e rm a n i c 7 3 r n l l 92 L a w e c e H a . Min e ra l o gi c a l 1 09 a re n c e S c e n t ﬁ c S c ho o l 8 e a o 12 1 14 L w i i P b dy , Lib ra ry 50 S e m itic 1 1 7

Arno l Arb o re t m . 1 40 S c a l 65 d u o i . B u sse yIn stitu ti o n ( Ag Un iv e rsity ri c u ltu re ) 13 8 Wa rre n Ama to m i Chil d M e m o ri a l ( E n g c a l l i sh) 62 Che m str 46 i y a l l he N e w L e c ture H , T Cla ssi c s 3 2 Ne w e l l Ga te D e n t a l S c ho o l 1 3 7

v n t c h l 1 20 Di i i y S o o . O se r a to r A stro n o m E c o n o m i c s 3 3 b v y , i c a l Edu c a ti o n D e p a rtm e n t 9 3 O e r se e r s B o a r o f 3 E n gin e e rin g 9 9 v , d F re n c h 63 Pa l a e o n to l o a o ra to r o f 105 G e rm a ni c La n gu a ge s gy , L b y a n d Lite ra tu re s Pe a b o dy Mu se u m o f A m e ri Gr a y H e rb a rium ( B o t c a n A r c ha e o l o gy a n d E th

a ny) n o l o gy . Hi st o ry a nd G o v e rn P e rki n s H a l l 1 00 ra to r e ff e r m e n t Phy sic a l L a b o y , J In di e Phi l o l o gy so n 9 4 L a w c h o o l P e rc e H a l l 9 8 S . i M a th e m a ti c s Pre a c h e rs t o th e U niv e r 44 49 Phi l o so phy sity ,

m n c h l l Pr e s e nt a n d F e l l o s T h e . 3 R o a e P i o o gy . id w , ’ P s e n t s H o se T h e 6 1 S e m iti c re id u , 1 73

P sy c ho l o gic a l L a b o ra t o ry S to ughto n Hal l Publ i c a tio n Ofﬁc e Sum m e r S c h o o l

Ra nd a l l C o l l e c ti o n o f E n Th a ye r H a l l gr a v in gs T ra c k Athl e ti c s Ra n a l l H a l T re e T h e Cl a ss D a d l , y R o bin so n H a l l R o ge rs Buil di n g Un ive r sity H a l l Ro tc h Buil di n g ( T he Ol d C a re B l n y ui di g) Wa d sw o rth H o u se R n o wi g W a l e r r e s ra l o n k , P , Mu M u m e n t S a n e r s Th e a tre d W a rre n H o u se S e m t c M se m i i u u We l d B o a t H o u se S e e r H a l l v We l d Ha l l Sim pkin s L a b o ra to ri e s ' ' l d s F 1d Y a r T h e Co l l e e djfifin Tf d , g Sfa e 0 , S t lm a n I n fi rm a r T he il y , S to rro w a b o ra to r Zo o o a o r a to r o f L y l gy , L b y