Poisoned Oasis
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Committee on the Human Rights of Parliamentarians
138th IPU ASSEMBLY AND RELATED MEETINGS Geneva, 24 – 28.03.2018 Governing Council CL/202/11(b)-R.2 Item 11(b) Geneva, 28 March 2018 Committee on the Human Rights of Parliamentarians Report on the mission to Mongolia 11 - 13 September 2017 MNG01 - Zorig Sanjasuuren Table of contents A. Origin and conduct of the mission ................................................................ 4 B. Outline of the case and the IPU follow up action ........................................... 5 C. Information gathered during the mission ...................................................... 7 D. Findings and recommendations further to the mission ................................ 15 E. Recent developments ................................................................................... 16 F. Observations provided by the authorities ..................................................... 17 G. Observations provided the complainant ....................................................... 26 H. Open letter of one of the persons sentenced for the murder of Zorig, recently published in the Mongolian media ................................................................ 27 * * * #IPU138 Mongolia © Zorig Foundation Executive Summary From 11 to 13 September 2017, a delegation of the Committee on the Human Rights of Parliamentarians (hereinafter “the Committee”) conducted a mission to Mongolia to obtain further information on the recently concluded judicial proceedings that led to the final conviction of the three accused for the 1998 assassination of Mr. Zorig -
Harvard Polo Asia by Abigail Trafford
Horsing Around IN THE HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS OF POLO IN ASIA We all meet up during the six-hour stopover in the Beijing Airport. The invitation comes from the Genghis Khan Polo Club to play in Mongolia and then to head back to China for a university tournament at the Metropolitan Polo Club in Tianjin. Say, what? Yes, polo! Both countries are resurrecting the ancient sport—a tale of two cultures—and the Harvard players are to be emissaries to help generate a new ballgame in Asia. In a cavernous airport restaurant, I survey the Harvard Polo Team: Jane is captain of the women’s team; Shawn, captain of the men’s team; George, the quiet one, is a physicist; Danielle, a senior is a German major; Sarah, a biology major; Aemilia writes for the Harvard Crimson. Marina, a mathematician, will join us later. Neil and Johann are incoming freshmen; Merrall, still in high school, is a protégé of the actor Tommy Lee Jones—the godfather of Harvard polo. And where are the grownups? Moon Lai, a friend of Neil’s parents, is the photographer from Minnesota. Crocker Snow, Harvard alum and head of the Edward R. Murrow Center at Tufts, is tour director and coach. I am along as cheer leader and chronicler. We stagger onto the late-night plane to Ulan Bator (UB), the capital of Mongolia, pile into a van and drive into the darkness—always in the constant traffic of trucks. Our first camp of log cabins is near an official site of Naadam—Mongolia’s traditional summer festival of horse racing, wrestling and archery. -
LAW of MONGOLIA ORGANIC FOOD LAW of MONGOLIA 07 April, 2016 Ulaanbaatar City
LAW OF MONGOLIA ORGANIC FOOD LAW OF MONGOLIA 07 April, 2016 Ulaanbaatar city ORGANIC FOOD CHAPTER ONE General provisions Article 1 . Purpose 1.1. The purpose of this law is to regulate all aspects on organic agriculture, production of organic food, feed and fertilizer, their certification, trade, import, use of organic logo and advertisement. Article 2. The legislation on organic food 2.1. Legislation on organic food consists of the Constitution of Mongolia[l], Law on food[2], Law on food safety[3], Law on natural plants[4], Law on Forestry[5], Law on Standardization and Accreditation[6], Law on phytosani tary control of animal and plant originated products and raw materials at the border[7], and this law, and other legislative acts issued in conformity with all. 2.2. If an international treaty to which Mongolia is party states in different way, the provisions of international treaty shall prevail. Article 3. Scope 3.1. This law shall apply to agricultural originated organic food, unprocessed raw materials and products, natural plant originated organic food, organic feed, organic fertilizer and seed and seedlings. 3.2. This law shall not apply to produce food from raw materials of wild animals, and regulate activities of the public food. 17 Article 4. Definitions 4.1. The following terms, which used in this law shall be interpreted as follows: 4.1.1."organic food" is that given in 3.1.5 in Law on Food; 4.1.2."organic production" means to enterprise organic agricultural production of primary and food processing compliant with the requirements established in this Law; 4.1.3. -
2019 International Religious Freedom Report
CHINA (INCLUDES TIBET, XINJIANG, HONG KONG, AND MACAU) 2019 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary Reports on Hong Kong, Macau, Tibet, and Xinjiang are appended at the end of this report. The constitution, which cites the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, states that citizens have freedom of religious belief but limits protections for religious practice to “normal religious activities” and does not define “normal.” Despite Chairman Xi Jinping’s decree that all members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) must be “unyielding Marxist atheists,” the government continued to exercise control over religion and restrict the activities and personal freedom of religious adherents that it perceived as threatening state or CCP interests, according to religious groups, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and international media reports. The government recognizes five official religions – Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Protestantism, and Catholicism. Only religious groups belonging to the five state- sanctioned “patriotic religious associations” representing these religions are permitted to register with the government and officially permitted to hold worship services. There continued to be reports of deaths in custody and that the government tortured, physically abused, arrested, detained, sentenced to prison, subjected to forced indoctrination in CCP ideology, or harassed adherents of both registered and unregistered religious groups for activities related to their religious beliefs and practices. There were several reports of individuals committing suicide in detention, or, according to sources, as a result of being threatened and surveilled. In December Pastor Wang Yi was tried in secret and sentenced to nine years in prison by a court in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, in connection to his peaceful advocacy for religious freedom. -
Infrastructure Strategy Review Making Choices in Provision of Infrastructure Services
MONGOLIA Infrastructure Strategy Review Making Choices in Provision of Infrastructure Services S. Rivera East Asia & Pacific The World Bank Government of Mongolia: Working Group Technical Donors Meeting October, 2006. 1 Mongolia: Infrastructure Strategy The Process and Outputs Factors Shaping Infrastructure Strategy Demand Key Choices to discuss this morning 2 Process and Outcome The Process – An interactive process, bringing together international practices: Meeting in Washington, March 2005. Field work in the late 2005. Preparation of about 12 background notes in sector and themes, discussed in Washington on June 2006. Submission of final draft report in November, 2006 Launching of Infrastructure Strategy report in a two day meeting in early 2007. Outcome A live document that can shape and form policy discussions on PIP, National Development Plan, and Regional Development Strategy….it has been difficult for the team to assess choices as well. 3 Factors Shaping the IS • Urban led Size and Growth of Ulaanbaatar and Selected Aimag (Pillar) Centers Size of the Circle=Total Population ('000) Infrastructure 6% 5% 869.9 Investments ) l 4% ua nn 3% a Ulaanbaatar (%, 2% h t Darkhan w Erdenet o 1% r G n 0% o i -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 at l -1% Choibalsan Kharkhorin opu Ondorkhaan P -2% Khovd Uliastai -3% Zuunmod -4% Share of Total Urban Population (%) 4 Factors Shaping the IS: Connectivity, with the World and in Mongolia Khankh Khandgait Ulaanbaishint Ereentsav Khatgal Altanbulag ULAANGOM Nogoonnuur UVS KHUVSGUL Tsagaannuur ÒýñTes -
Avrasya Incelemeleri Merkezi Center for Eurasian Studies
AVRASYA İNCELEMELERİ MERKEZİ CENTER FOR EURASIAN STUDIES PRESIDENT ILHAM ALIYEV RECEIVES CREDENTIALS OF INCOMING AMBASSADORS - 09.01.2018 News.Az (08 Ocak 2018) Ambassador Bakir Sadovic reviewed a guard of honor, APA reports. Bakir Sadovic presented his credentials to President Ilham Aliyev. President Ilham Aliyev then spoke with the ambassador. They noted the importance of high-level meetings between the two countries, hailed a very good level of bilateral relations and stressed the importance of strengthening the friendly ties even further. The ambassador said Bosnia and Herzegovina highly appreciates Azerbaijans making investments in its agrarian industry and supporting social and humanitarian projects. On the same day, President Aliyev also accepted credentials of newly appointed Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Equatorial Guinea José Esono Micha Akeng. Ambassador José Esono Micha Akeng reviewed a guard of honor. José Esono Micha Akeng presented his credentials to President Ilham Aliyev. President Ilham Aliyev then spoke with the ambassador. Emphasizing the importance of José Esono Micha Akengs visit in terms of strengthening bilateral relations between Equatorial Guinea and Azerbaijan, the head of state said he hoped the ambassadors meetings with heads of relevant authorities in Baku will help define areas of cooperation between the two countries. Pointing to the fact that both Equatorial Guinea and Azerbaijan are oil producing countries, the newly appointed ambassador underlined that he will spare no efforts to develop the bilateral cooperation. They underlined the importance of restoring relations, which had previously existed between the two countries, and stressed the significance of developing cooperation in various fields, particularly in energy, education, investment, import and export and others. -
Congressional-Executive Commission on China Annual
CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2007 ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 10, 2007 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:22 Oct 11, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 5011 38026.TXT CHINA1 PsN: CHINA1 2007 ANNUAL REPORT VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:22 Oct 11, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 38026.TXT CHINA1 PsN: CHINA1 CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2007 ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 10, 2007 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 38–026 PDF WASHINGTON : 2007 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:22 Oct 11, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 38026.TXT CHINA1 PsN: CHINA1 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:22 Oct 11, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 38026.TXT CHINA1 PsN: CHINA1 CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS House Senate SANDER M. LEVIN, Michigan, Chairman BYRON DORGAN, North Dakota, Co-Chairman MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio MAX BAUCUS, Montana TOM UDALL, New Mexico CARL LEVIN, Michigan MICHAEL M. HONDA, California DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California TIM WALZ, Minnesota SHERROD BROWN, Ohio CHRISTOPHER H. -
“Access to Environmental Justice: Ngo Environmental Advocacy on Mining-Related Environmental Issues in Mongolia”
“ACCESS TO ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: NGO ENVIRONMENTAL ADVOCACY ON MINING-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN MONGOLIA” ULZIILKHAM ENKHBAATAR A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN LAW OSGOODE HALL LAW SCHOOL, YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO October 2020 © Ulziilkham Enkhbaatar, 2020 ABSTRACT In this thesis, I apply the theory of environmental justice to determine how NGOs use substantive and procedural environmental rights to advocate for mining-affected nomadic communities in Mongolia. Environmental NGOs often possess legal and scientific expertise pertinent to resolving and mitigating environmental risks and demanding justice for environmental damages on behalf of the mining-affected local communities. Based on the environmental justice theories, I have constructed a theoretical framework to examine how NGOs access and implement environmental justice tools, both domestically and internationally. Using a multi-methods research approach, including documentary analysis and qualitative interviews with NGO experts and lawyers, I was able to uncover the experiences, difficulties, and challenges faced by NGOs as they seek favourable environmental outcomes. My findings demonstrate that domestic and international environmental justice tools provided opportunities to NGOs to litigate, advocate, negotiate, and mediate the disputes between marginalized mining-affected nomadic communities and their much-larger opponents, mining companies. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deep gratitude and sincere appreciation to my wonderful, kind and caring supervisor, Professor Estair Van Wagner, for her tremendous personal and professional support and guidance in writing this thesis during the challenging effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. I also would like to thank Professor Shin Imai, the LLM thesis supervisory committee member, for his unwavering support and guidance. -
Strategic Development Outline for Economic Cooperation Between the People's Republic of China and Mongolia
STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OUTLINE FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND MONGOLIA (PROJECT AREA: XINGANMENG PREFECTURE IN THE INNER MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION OF THE PRC AND THE PROVINCES OF DORNOD, HENTIY, SUHBAATAR OF MONGOLIA ) i This publication was prepared by Asian Development Bank consultants under the guidance of Bank staff. The findings, interpre- tations, and conclusions expressed in it do not necessarily represent the views of the Bank or those of its member countries. The Asian Development Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data in- cluded in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequences of their use. @ Asian Development Bank 2002 ISBN No. 971-561-412-4 Stock No. 110501 Published by the Asian Development Bank P.O. Box. 789, 0980 Manila, Philippines For more information on ADB, visit http:\\www.adb.org ii STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OUTLINE FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND MONGOLIA (PROJECT AREA: XINGANMENG PREFECTURE IN THE INNER MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION OF THE PRC AND THE PROVINCES OF DORNOD, HENTIY, SUHBAATAR OF MONGOLIA ) iii Message from the People’s Republic of China n line with the open door policy, the Government of options for economic cooperation in a specific project the People’s Republic of China regards promotion area covering Xinganmeng Prefecture of Inner Mongolia Iof economic cooperation with neighboring coun- Autonomous Region and the three eastern provinces in tries as a special means to accelerate growth and eco- Mongolia. As revealed by the strategic study, the two nomic development of the local economy in the provinces countries have good opportunity to cooperate in the and autonomous regions that share border with other project area in the sectors of agriculture, mining, tour- countries. -
MENSAGEM Nº 39, DE 2018 (Nº 263/2018, Na Origem)
SENADO FEDERAL MENSAGEM Nº 39, DE 2018 (nº 263/2018, na origem) Submete à apreciação do Senado Federal, de conformidade com o art. 52, inciso IV, da Constituição, e com os arts. 39 e 41 da Lei nº 11.440, de 2006, a escolha do Senhor PAULO ESTIVALLET DE MESQUITA, Ministro de Primeira Classe da Carreira de Diplomata do Ministério das Relações Exteriores, para exercer o cargo de Embaixador do Brasil na República Popular da China e, cumulativamente, na Mongólia. AUTORIA: Presidência da República Página da matéria Página 1 de 57 Parte integrante do Avulso da MSF nº 39 de 2018. Mensagem no 263 Senhores Membros do Senado Federal, De conformidade com o art. 52, inciso IV, da Constituição, e com o art. 39, combinado com o art. 41 da Lei no 11.440, de 29 de dezembro de 2006, submeto à apreciação de Vossas Excelências a escolha, que desejo fazer, do Senhor PAULO ESTIVALLET DE MESQUITA, Ministro de Primeira Classe da Carreira de Diplomata do Ministério das Relações Exteriores, para exercer o cargo de Embaixador do Brasil na República Popular da China e, cumulativamente na Mongólia. Os méritos do Senhor Paulo Estivallet de Mesquita que me induziram a escolhê- lo para o desempenho dessa elevada função constam da anexa informação do Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Brasília, 21 de maio de 2018. Página 2 de 57 Parte integrante do Avulso da MSF nº 39 de 2018. EM nº 00096/2018 MRE Brasília, 14 de Maio de 2018 Excelentíssimo Senhor Presidente da República, De acordo com o art. 84, inciso XXV, da Constituição Federal, e com o disposto no artigo 39, combinado com o artigo 41, da Lei nº 11.440, de 29 de dezembro de 2006, submeto à apreciação de Vossa Excelência o nome de PAULO ESTIVALLET DE MESQUITA, ministro de primeira classe da Carreira de Diplomata do Ministério das Relações Exteriores, para exercer o cargo de Embaixador do Brasil na República Popular da China e, cumulativamente na Mongólia. -
1 an Analysis of the Mongolian Political and Economic Transition: A
An Analysis of the Mongolian Political and Economic Transition: A Model Democracy with a Promising Future By Enkhtaivan Oyunbazar May, 2015 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in (Economics) in cursu honorum Reviewed and approved by: Dr. Alexander Mirescu Submitted to The Honors Program, Saint Peter’s University March 23, 2015 1 Acknowledgements I would like to thank all of the people who have been helpful, supportive, and caring to make this work possible. I am extremely thankful to have a wonderful family, friends, and teachers who have helped me throughout life and continue to support me in any endeavor. Special thanks to the Director of the Honors Program Dr. Rachel Wifall and my advisor for this work Dr. Alexander Mirescu from the Department of Political Science. Abstract Mongolia is a democratic free market-oriented Asian state and it is the second largest land locked country in the world. Located between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China, Mongolia’s total area of 1.6 million square kilometers encompasses an area greater than that of Britain, France, Germany, and Italy combined; four times the size of Japan. Mongolia is the fifth largest country in Asia and it is also the least densely populated country in the world; the country’s population reached only three million in 2015. Mongolia became the second communist country in the world after the USSR when the Bolsheviks advised the young Mongolian nationalists to establish a Marxist state. Mongolia emerged as a supplier of raw materials and food for the USSR’s Siberian industries and towns leading up to the transition. -
Introduction on Dry Ports in Mongolia
Introduction on Dry Ports in Mongolia 2017.11.14 Dry Ports Significance for Introduction Land‐Locked Countries Mongolia is an ideal environment for the development of Dry Ports. With fast growing local industries and volumes of cargo exchanged with our world, with no access to a sea but with a relatively good connection to neighboring ports of Russia and China calls for an erection and development of respective hubs, even with reflection of the vast territory of the country and a minor‐but‐growing intensity of settlement. Dry Ports Significance for Dry Ports Significance for Land‐Locked Land‐Locked Countries Countries as Mongolia • Mongolia ratified the Intergovernmental Agreement on Dry Ports on 23 April 2016. • The Agreement identifies a number of existing and potential dry port locations that are to be the basis of a coordinated effort to creates modes along an international integrated intermodal transport and logistics system. Dry Ports Significance for Dry Ports in Mongolia Land‐Locked Countries o Altanbulag (border with Russian Federation) o Ulaanbaatar o Sainshand o Zamyn-Uud (border with People`s republic of China) o Choibalsan (potential dry port) Dry Ports Significance for Dry Ports in Mongolia Land‐Locked Countries Dry Ports Significance for Dry Ports in Mongolia – Access to the Sea Land‐Locked Countries Dry Ports Significance for Dry Ports in PRC&RF - Significance for Mongolia Land‐Locked Countries CHINA • Erenhot South International Logistics Center, Erenhot • Manzhouli New International Freight Yard, Manzhouli • (altogether 17 ports, the above 2 have a direct connection with Mongolia). Dry Ports Significance for Dry Ports Significance for Land‐Locked Land‐Locked Countries Countries Nominated as Dry Ports /inland ports/ in Mongolia ALTANBULAG and ZAMYN-UUD are respectfully key parts of a wider Altanbulag and Zamyn-Uud Special Economic Zones.