Documentos De Seguridad Y Defensa 62

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Documentos De Seguridad Y Defensa 62 Documentos de Seguridad Escuela de Altos y Defensa 62 Estudios Yihadismo en el mundo actual de la Defensa MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA Documentos de Seguridad Escuela de Altos y Defensa 62 Estudios de la Yihadismo en el mundo actual Defensa MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA CATÁLOGO GENERAL DE PUBLICACIONES OFICIALES http://publicacionesoficiales.boe.es/ Edita: SECRETARÍA GENERAL TÉCNICA http://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/ © Autor y editor, 2014 NIPO: 083-14-164-1 (impresión bajo demanda) NIPO: 083-14-163-6 (edición libro-e) Fecha de edición: septiembre 2014 ISBN: 978-84-9781-968-8 (edición libro-e) Las opiniones emitidas en esta publicación son exclusiva responsabilidad del autor de la misma. Los derechos de explotación de esta obra están amparados por la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual. Ninguna de las partes de la misma puede ser reproducida, almacenada ni transmitida en ninguna forma ni por medio alguno, electrónico, mecánico o de grabación, incluido fotocopias, o por cualquier otra forma, sin permiso previo, expreso y por escrito de los titulares del © Copyright. ÍNDICE Página Introducción Yihadismo en el mundo actual Marín Bello Crespo ..................................................................................................... 7 Introducción ............................................................................................................... 7 Capitulo primero Doctrina y acción política. Pugnas sobre el islam verdadero. El salafismo Federico Aznar Fernández-Montesinos ................................................................... 17 1. Las referencias .................................................................................................... 18 2. Definición del fenómeno. Las categorías del debate .................................. 20 3. El salafismo .......................................................................................................... 24 4. Elementos doctrinales del salafismo ............................................................. 29 5. Salafismo y sociedad ......................................................................................... 31 6. Salafismo y globalización ................................................................................. 34 7. Tipología del salafismo...................................................................................... 35 8. El yihadismo salafista ........................................................................................ 37 9. Conclusiones ........................................................................................................ 39 Bibliografía ................................................................................................................. 41 Capítulo segundo Yihadismo global: una visión panorámica Luis de la Corte Ibáñez ............................................................................................... 43 1. Introducción .......................................................................................................... 43 2. La tradición violenta en el islam: doctrina e historia ................................. 44 3. Fines y medios ..................................................................................................... 48 4. Morfología de la amenaza: los cinco anillos del movimiento yihadista global ................................................................................................................... 54 5. Geografía del yihadismo global: frentes y escenarios ............................... 58 5 Página 6. Tendencias y evoluciones recientes ............................................................... 65 7. Esbozo para una evaluación de conjunto sobre el yihadismo posterior a 2001 .................................................................................................................. 75 8. A modo de conclusión: ¿tiene futuro la yihad? ............................................. 81 Capítulo tercero Escenarios privilegiados de germinación del yihadismo salafista en la vecindad inmediata de Europa: del Magreb y el Sahel hasta Siria Carlos Echeverría Jesús ............................................................................................ 85 1. Introducción .......................................................................................................... 85 2. La proximidad geográfica y los problemas que plantea ............................ 86 3. La franja del Sahel y su relevancia para la germinación del yihadismo salafista ............................................................................................................... 95 4. Siria como epicentro del terrorismo yihadista globalizado ...................... 102 5. Conclusiones ........................................................................................................ 107 Capítulo cuarto Yihadismo en Egipto Emilio Sánchez de Rojas Díaz ................................................................................... 109 1. Introducción .......................................................................................................... 109 2. De la «salafiya» al islamismo político ........................................................... 110 3. Los grupos terroristas egipcios ...................................................................... 115 4. Sinaí, un nuevo teatro para el yihadismo ...................................................... 120 5. Operaciones contra terroristas en el Sinaí ................................................... 131 6. Conclusiones ........................................................................................................ 132 7. Trabajos citados .................................................................................................. 134 Capítulo quinto La yihad en Jorasán Mario Laborie .............................................................................................................. 137 1. Introducción .......................................................................................................... 137 2. Afganistán-Pakistán: la médula del yihadismo asiático ............................ 138 3. El yihadismo en las potencias regionales ..................................................... 152 4. Conclusiones ........................................................................................................ 156 Composición del grupo de trabajo ................................................................. 159 Documentos de Seguridad y Defensa .......................................................... 161 6 Yihadismo en el mundo actual Introducción Marín Bello Crespo General de Brigada de Infantería (R). Licenciado en Geografía e Historia Introducción El profesor Díez Nicolás, en uno de sus lúcidos análisis sobre las per- cepciones y actitudes de los españoles, afirma que mientras la sociedad muestra en nuestro país un alto grado de preocupación por la seguridad interior y, en particular, por la de su entorno más cercano en relación con la delincuencia de todo tipo, —que sin embargo está razonablemente garantizada por las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado— no lo está tanto, ni mucho menos, por la seguridad exterior de España, siendo esta última mucho más frágil y más expuesta a los riesgos y amenazas que acechan de forma permanente a nuestro país, cuya diversificación y peligrosidad ha crecido al compás de los avances de la globalización. La mayoría de los españoles vive con la sensación de que España no tiene enemigos, y ni siquiera el tremendo zarpazo del 11 de marzo de 2004 fue capaz de alterar en gran medida las tranquilas perspectivas de los ciuda- danos en lo que a la posibilidad de un ataque exterior importante a la es- tabilidad y a la pervivencia del sistema social y político español se refiere. Una de las amenazas más importantes a nuestra seguridad como esta- do es, sin embargo, la que procede del terrorismo islámico. Me atrevo a decir, yendo más allá, que es sin duda la más peligrosa, la más compleja, la más global y, por ello, la más difícil de combatir. Lo es por motivos geográficos, dado que al otro lado del Estrecho, a catorce kilómetros de 7 Marín Bello Crespo nuestras costas, comienza el mundo musulmán, en un Magreb agobia- do por múltiples problemas donde pulula una miríada de movimientos terroristas, y en el que uno de sus países, Marruecos, comparte fronte- ra terrestre con nosotros. Lo es también porque en nuestro suelo vive y convive una numerosa colonia de fe musulmana y porque muchos de nuestros compatriotas del norte de África también profesan esa fe, y en el seno de estas colectividades ejercen fundamentalmente su actividad las células terroristas yihadistas. Lo es, en suma, porque en el imaginario de los yihadistas y, por extensión, de muchos de los que les siguen, Espa- ña, su Al Ándalus, es un territorio irredento a reconquistar. El objeto del presente documento es presentar una serie de análisis so- bre el fenómeno yihadista en el mundo actual, que tan directamente y tan de cerca nos compete, abordando esencialmente sus fundamentos, sus motivaciones, sus objetivos, su extensión, sus instrumentos, sus logros y sus perspectivas. Nuestra pretensión es que la lectura primero y la re- flexión después sobre los trabajos de diversos estudiosos civiles y milita- res, expertos en el yihadismo y en el papel y la influencia del mismo en el mundo en que vivimos, expuestos tanto desde los puntos de vista de sus orígenes, filosofía, conformación e influencia en los hábitos de vida de las sociedades en que se inserta,
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