Glasgow City Council Air Quality Action Plan
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Glasgow City Council Air Quality Action Plan November 2004 Document: Review and Assessment of Air Quality - Action Plan (2004) Version Number: 1.3 Copies of this document are available: In electronic format on the Glasgow City Council’s website at http://www.glasgow.gov.uk By post from: Pollution Control Unit Manager Environmental Protection Services Glasgow City Council 231 George Street Glasgow G1 1RX Email: [email protected] Telephone: 0141 287 6529 Fax: 0141 287 6637 To view at: Environmental Protection Services Glasgow City Council 231 George Street Glasgow Acknowledgements This document has been compiled by Glasgow City Council’s Environmental Protection Services and incorporates information and data acquired from various sources. Consequently, we would like to acknowledge the contribution of a number of people from within Glasgow City Council and in external organisations. Also, a number of documents have been accessed for information and any documents used in the compilation of this report have been acknowledged in the Bibliography section at the end. • Land Services, Glasgow City Council • Development and Regeneration Services, Glasgow City Council • Environmental Protection Services, Glasgow City Council • Scottish Environment Protection Agency • Strathclyde Passenger Transport • WESTRANS • Scottish Executive • Local Transport Operators 2 Contents Executive Summary …..………………………………………………………………... 5 1.0 Introduction ….…………………………………………………………….………... 7 1.1 Background to Glasgow City Council’s Air Quality Action Plan ..…….... 7 1.2 Action Plan - Aims and Objectives ………………………………………...… 8 1.3 Cost-Benefit Analyses/Time Scales ………………………………………….. 9 1.3.1 Benefit Analyses …………………………………………………………...... 9 1.3.2 Estimated Costs of Actions …………………………………………………. 9 1.3.3 Timescales for Action Implementation …………………………………….. 10 1.4 Legislative Framework …………………………………………………..……. 10 1.4.1 Environment Act 1995 …………………………………………………….... 10 1.4.2 The National Air Quality Strategy - Standards and Objectives .……..…. 11 1.4.3 Local Air Quality Management in Glasgow ……………………………….. 11 2.0 Background to City of Glasgow ……….……………………………………….... 15 2.1 Glasgow – Population and Location ……..…………………………………. 15 2.2 Meteorology ………………………………………………….………………….. 15 2.3 Industry and Economy ………………………………..……………………….. 16 2.4 Transport …………………………………………………………….…………... 16 3.0 Background to Air Quality in Glasgow …………………………………………. 19 3.1 Nitrogen Dioxide - Sources and Health Effects …………….……………... 19 3.2 Monitoring and Modelling of NO2 within Glasgow …………..………….… 19 3.3 Primary Sources of NOx in Glasgow ………………………..……….…….... 21 4.0 Actions ………………………………………………………………………………. 23 4.1 Local Transport Management …………………………………………….…… 23 4.1.1 Proposed M74 Extension …………………………………………………... 24 4.1.2 East End Regeneration Route (EERR) ………………………………….. 32 4.1.3 Variable Message Signs …………………………………………..………. 34 4.2 Public Transport …………………………………….………………………..… 34 4.2.1 Quality Bus Corridors/Bus Information and Signalling System ……….... 35 4.2.2 Park & Ride Schemes ………………………………………………………. 40 4.2.3 Larkhall to Milngavie Rail Link ……………………………………..…….… 43 4.2.4 Cycling and Walking Strategies ………………………………………….... 44 4.2.5 School Travel Plans ………………………………………………………… 46 4.3 Parking and Fiscal Measures …………………………………………………. 48 4.3.1 Vehicle Emissions Testing/Idling Vehicles ………………...……………… 48 4.4 Other Air Quality Enforcement Work ……………………………………….. 53 4.4.1 Smoke Control and Clean Air Act 1993 ……………………………..…… 53 4.4.2 Statutory Nuisance and Environmental Protection Act 1990 ……….…... 53 4.5 Non-Transport Based Emissions Sources …………..…………….….……. 54 4.5.1 Commercial and Domestic Sources ………………....………….….……... 56 4.5.2 Industrial Sources ………………………...………………………..……...… 57 4.6 Glasgow City Council Leading by Example ………..….…………..……… 58 4.6.1 Vehicle Emissions Testing of Council Fleet …………………..………..… 58 4.6.2 Alternative fuels……………………………………..……………………….. 59 4.6.3 Green Travel Plans ………………………………………………………..... 62 4.7 Education and Awareness Raising ………………………..……………..…. 63 4.7.1 Glasgow City Council Website …………………………………………..... 63 4.7.2 Walk to School Week ……………………………………….…………….... 63 4.7.3 Car Free Day ………………………………………………………………… 63 4.8 Air Quality Monitoring ………………………………………………………..... 64 5.0 Actions Still Under Consideration ………………………………………………. 67 3 5.1 M8 Motorway ………………………………………………………………….….. 67 5.2 Clyde Corridor Transport Study …………………………………..………….. 68 5.3 Crossrail Technical Feasibility Study …………….…………………………. 72 5.4 Emissions from other Transport Sources ………………………………….. 73 6.0 Actions Not Considered Feasible At This Time ………………………………. 74 6.1 Low Emission Zone ……………………………………………………………... 74 6.2 Road User Charging (Congestion Charging) ………………………………. 76 6.3 Workplace Parking Charges …………………………………………………... 79 7.0 Summary of Actions Table ………………………………………………………... 81 8.0 Conclusions …………………………………………………………………………. 82 9.0 Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………….... 85 Appendix 1: Summaries of Existing Plans and Policies ……………..………….. 88 1.1 A New Deal for Transport: Better for Everyone (1998) ……..……..…….. 89 1.2 Travel Choices for Scotland (1998) ………………………………………….. 89 1.3 National Planning Policy Guidance (NPPG17): Transport and Planning (1999) …………………………...………………………………….………………..… 89 1.4 ‘Route map’ for Future of Transport in Scotland (2002) …...……………. 90 1.5 Glasgow and Clyde Valley Joint Structure Plan (2000) …..……………... 90 1.6 SPT’s Strathclyde Public Transport Strategy 2000 …………...…………... 91 1.7 Local Transport Strategy 2001 to 2004 – Keep Glasgow Moving ….…... 91 1.8 Glasgow City Plan (2003) ……………………………..………….…………… 94 1.9 Park and Ride In Scotland (1999) ……………………………………………. 97 1.10 Transport in the Urban Environment (1997) …………………….……….. 97 1.11 City Centre Millennium Plan (1995) …………..……………...…………….. 98 1.12 Glasgow Access and Walking Strategy (2003) ……………….………….. 101 Appendix 2: Consultation on the Draft Air Quality Action Plan ………………… 103 2.2 Draft Air Quality Action Plan: Consultation Report ……………………….. 104 2.3 Report on Action Plan Workshop …………………………………………….. 115 4 Executive Summary The City Council is required to undertake regular reviews and assessments of air quality within Glasgow in accordance with Scottish Executive Guidance and Objectives as set out in the Air Quality (Scotland) Regulations 2000. The Council’s regular assessments of the seven key air pollutants indicate that the City meets the Objectives on six pollutants. However, concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) were assessed as being above the acceptable levels at certain locations, and Glasgow City Council was, therefore, required to establish an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) for the City centre with the aim of improving air quality in this area. Consequently, in line with our statutory requirements, this Action Plan has been prepared to outline a series of actions aimed at reducing emissions of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) within the designated AQMA to below the Objective level by the required date of the end of 2005. It is estimated that a reduction of up to 70% is required to meet the NO2 Objective in some locations within the AQMA by the target date. The Action Plan assesses a range of initiatives and developments in terms of their feasibility, timescale, costs, predicted air quality impact and other advantages/disadvantages. These assessments indicate that there are likely to be eight feasible actions capable of influencing NO2 levels within Glasgow’s AQMA by 2005. These actions include public transport initiatives, vehicle emissions testing and school travel plans and would potentially reduce emissions by up to 11% and can be added to the 12% reduction that is predicted to occur without any intervention. Therefore, although a significant improvement in local air quality is expected, Glasgow is unlikely to achieve the Air Quality Objective for NO2 at all City centre locations by the 2005 target. This is in line with the situation in many large urban areas elsewhere in Scotland and throughout the UK. In addition, the document details actions due to be implemented post-2005, such as the M74 extension, which should have a high positive impact on emissions within the AQMA. Other possible initiatives that Glasgow City Council would wish more detailed and wider consideration of are also identified and include issues such as: • Workplace Parking Charges; • Encouraging clean technology • Encouraging greater use of public and a reduction of emissions transport; from heavy goods vehicles; • Lobbying to include NOX in the • Encouraging the UK Government MOT test; to provide a clearer message on • Petitioning for tighter regulation of the use of alternative fuels, e.g. buses; long term tax incentives; • Lobbying for tighter regulation of • Encouraging investment in public taxis and their emissions; transport infrastructure in the • Engagement with the Scottish west of Scotland to encourage a Executive on actions concerning modal shift from cars to public the M8 and M74 that will have a transport; positive impact on air quality • National action to change from without harming investment in older, polluting vehicles to newer, Glasgow; cleaner vehicles within the private fleet. 5 It is possible that in the longer term, these might make a significant contribution to reducing NO2 within Glasgow’s AQMA, but more detailed cost/benefit analysis would be required. However, it is clear that the Council’s responsibilities for improving air quality in general and reducing NO2 emissions in particular, significantly exceed its