Odmevi Spopada Med Konservativno in Lib

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Odmevi Spopada Med Konservativno in Lib UNIVERZA V MARIBORU FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA Oddelek za zgodovino Diplomsko delo ODMEVI SPOPADA MED KONSERVATIVNO IN LIBERALNO STRUJO V ZKS V LETIH 1968–1972 V SLOVENSKO-AMERIŠKEM ČASOPISJU Graduation thesis THE ECHOES OF THE FIGHT BETWEEN CONSERVATIVES AND LIBERALS WITHIN LEAGUE OF COMMUNITS OF SLOVENIA DURING THE 1968–1972 PERIOD IN SLOVENE AMERICAN ETHNIC PRESS Mentor Kandidat red. prof. dr. Matjaž Klemenčič Domen Pivec Celje, 2013 I ZAHVALA V diplomsko nalogo sem vložil veliko dela in energije. Zato bi se želel ob tej priložnosti zahvaliti svojemu mentorju red. prof. dr. Matjažu Klemenčiču, ki mi je pomagal z nasveti, sugestijami ter mi je pokazal poti v čudoviti svet zgodovinarskega raziskovalnega dela. Zahvaljujem se tudi svojemu očetu in srednješolskemu profesorju zgodovine Milanu Pivcu za vzpodbudo in številne nasvete. Posebna zahvala gre tudi Univerzitetni knjižnici Maribor, NUK v Ljubljani in Osrednji knjižnici v Celju, ki so mi bile vedno na razpolago. Hvala vsem skupaj! II POVZETEK V diplomski nalogi je opravljena analiza pisanja slovensko-ameriškega časopisja v letih 1968–1972 z različnih vidikov in pogledov na spopad med liberalno in konservativno strujo v ZKS. V prvem delu naloge je opravljena časovna razmejitev obdobja 1968–1972 v Sloveniji. V drugem delu so pojasnjeni odmevi praške pomladi v slovensko- ameriškem časopisju, osamosvajanje Študentske skupnosti in Teritorialna obramba v konfliktu med strujama leta 1968. Tretji del predstavlja pozicijo liberalne in konservativne struje v ZKS z vidika izbranih tem, kot so: cestna afera, Ciril Žebot in cestna afera, akcija 25 poslancev, obračun z mestnim komitejem ZKS Ljubljana in poskusi demokratizacije. V četrtem delu naloge je razložena gospodarska koncepcija kot element prepoznavnosti liberalne in konservativne struje v ZKS v slovensko- ameriškem časopisju. Cilj diplomske naloge je opisati in kritično oceniti spopad med strujama znotraj ZKS v smislu njegovega vpliva na demokratizacijo in liberalizacijo slovenskega političnega prostora. Naloga torej poudarja pomembnost kakovostnega poznavanja obravnavanih dogodkov za razumevanje preteklosti in sedanjosti. Ključne besede: cestna afera, študentsko osamosvajanje, Teritorialna obramba, akcija 25 poslancev, konservativna struja, liberalna struja, mestni komite ZKS Ljubljana, poskusi demokratizacije, gospodarska koncepcija, reformisti, čistka, Ciril Žebot. III . ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In der Diplomarbeit wird das Schreiben der slovenisch-amerikanischen Presse in den Jahren 1968-1972 unter unterschiedlichen Gesichtspunkten und aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven auf die Auseinandersetzung zwischen der liberalen und konservativen Strömung im Bund der Kommunisten Sloweniens (ZKS) analysiert. In dem ersten Teil der Diplomarbeit wurde die Zeitabgrenzug im Zeitraum 1968-1972 in Slowenien durchgefȕrt. In dem zweiten Teil werden die Ankläge an den Prager Frühling in der slowenisch-amerikanischer Presse, die Verselbstständigung der Studentengemeinschaft und Territoriale Verteidigung in dem Konflikt zwischen den beiden Strömungen in Jahr 1968 erklärt. Der dritte Teil präsentiert die Position der liberalen und konservativen Strömung in dem Bund der Kommunisten Sloweniens (ZKS) unter Gesihtspunkt der gewählten Themen wie. Straßenaffäre, Ciril Žebot und Straßenaffäre, Aktion von 25 Abgeordneten, die Abrechnung mit dem Stadtkomitee des Bundes der Kommunisten Sloweniens (ZKS) in Ljubljana und die Demokratisierungversuche. In dem vierten Teil ist die Wirtschaftskonzeption als Element der Kenntlichkeit der liberalen und konservativen Strömung in ZKS in der slovenischa-amerikanischer Presse erläutert. Das Ziel der Diplomarbeit ist die Aseinandersetzung zwischen den Strömungen innerhalb des Bundes der Kommunisten Sloweniens (ZKS) im Sinne seines Einflusses auf die Demokratisierung und Liberalisierung des slowenischen politischen Raumes zu beschreiben und kritisch zu beurteilen. Die Arbeit betont daher die Wichtigkeit der hochwertigen Kenntnisse über die abgehandelten Ereignisse zum Verständnis der Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. IV Schlȕsselwȍrter: Straßenaffäre, studentische Verselbständigung, Territoriale Verteidigung, Aktion von 25 Abgeordneten, konservative Strömung, liberale Strömung, Stadtkomitee des Bundes der Kommunisten Sloweniens (ZKS) in Ljubljana, Demokratisierungsversuche, Wirtschaftskonzeption, Reformisten, Säuberung, Ciril Žebot. V KAZALO VSEBINE UVOD ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1 ČASOVNA RAZMEJITEV OBDOBJA 1968-1972 V SLOVENIJI ................................. 6 2 ODMEVI PRAŠKE POMLADI V SLOVENSKO-AMERIŠKEM ČASOPISJU ........... 20 2.1 OSAMOSVAJANJE ŠTUDENTSKE SKUPNOSTI ................................................ 42 2.2 TERITORIALNA OBRAMBA ................................................................................. 60 3 POZICIJA LIBERALNE IN KONSERVATIVNE STRUJE V ZKS Z VIDIKA SLOVENSKO-AMERIŠKEGA ČASOPISJA Z VIDIKA IZBRANIH TEM ........................ 69 3.1 CESTNA AFERA ...................................................................................................... 69 3.2 CIRIL ŽEBOT IN CESTNA AFERA ....................................................................... 94 3.3 AKCIJA 25 POSLANCEV ..................................................................................... 108 3.4 OBRAČUN Z MESTNIM KOMITEJEM ZKS LJUBLJANA ............................... 117 3.5 POSKUSI DEMOKRATIZACIJE .......................................................................... 124 4 GOSPODARSKA KONCEPCIJA KOT ELEMENT PREPOZNAVNOSTI LIBERALNE IN KONSERVATIVNE STRUJE V ZKS V SLOVENSKO- AMERIŠKEM ČASOPISJU .................................................................................................. 165 5 ZAKLJUČEK ................................................................................................................. 201 6 VIRI IN LITERATURA ................................................................................................. 204 6.1 ČASOPISI ............................................................................................................... 204 6.2 ELEKTRONSKI VIRI ............................................................................................ 204 6.3 ZNANSTVENE REVIJE ........................................................................................ 207 6.4 DIPLOMSKE NALOGE ......................................................................................... 207 6.5 ENCIKLOPEDIJE ................................................................................................... 207 6.6 LEKSIKONI ............................................................................................................ 208 6.7 MEMOARJI ............................................................................................................ 208 6.8 PRIROČNIKI .......................................................................................................... 209 6.9 SLOVARJI .............................................................................................................. 209 6.10 UČBENIKI .............................................................................................................. 209 6.11 ZBORNIKI .............................................................................................................. 209 6.12 ZNANSTVENI ČLANKI ........................................................................................ 209 6.13 ZNANSTVENE MONOGRAFIJE .......................................................................... 210 VI UVOD Odločitev za temo diplomske naloge sega v čas študija, ko sem se kot študent zgodovine v četrtem letniku Filozofske fakultete v Mariboru seznanil s tematiko novejše zgodovine. Do tedaj o tej temi nisem vedel praktično nič. V srednji šoli se pri predmetu zgodovina o tej temi ni veliko govorilo oziroma bolje rečeno sploh ni bila predstavljena. Vse skupaj je bilo povzeto po nekdanjem zgodovinopisnem vzorcu, ki je premalo razvojno in analitično naravnano.1 To je problem, ki ga bo moralo slovensko zgodovinopisje rešiti veliko bolj energično, kot se to kaže danes. Kot že v mnogih obdobjih smo tudi danes priče poskusom politične revizije zgodovine. Zgodovinopisje je ob tem precej pasivno. Prav ta tema in moje pisanje o njej dokazujeta, da je zgodovino potrebno razumeti kompleksno, razvojno, celovito v smislu zgodovinske kontinuitete in to ne samo takrat, ko aktualni politiki to ustreza. Ker je izbrano temo že obdelalo, kar nekaj zgodovinarjev, ekonomistov in politologov kot npr. Božo Repe2, Jože Prinčič3 in Neven Borak4, Sabrina P. Ramet5 itd., sem se odločil, da tematike ne obdelam kot partijski liberalizem 1 Ervin Dolenc, Zgodovina 4, učbenik za 4. letnik gimnazije (v nadaljevanju Ervin Dolenc Zgodovina 4), Državna založba Slovenija (v nadaljevanju DZS), Ljubljana 2002, str. 224. 2 Božo Repe je zgodovinar, ki je zaposlen kot redni profesor na ljubljanski Filozofski fakulteti (v nadaljevanju FF). Raziskuje slovensko zgodovino 20. stoletja in se ukvarja tudi z zgodovino v šoli, z izdajanjem virov. Osebnosti: veliki slovenski biografski leksikon, M–Ž (v nadaljevanju Osebnosti ,M –Ž), Mladinska knjiga, Ljubljana 2008, str. 950. 3 Jože Prinčič (1951) je zgodovinar. Od 1984 je zaposlen kot znanstveni svetnik na Inštitutu za novejšo zgodovino (v nadaljevanju INZ), kjer raziskuje slovensko in tudi jugoslovansko zgodovino po 2. svetovni vojni, zlasti industrializacijo, podržavljanje, modernizacijo, gospodarsko
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