Chapter One: Introduction 1.1
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Anatomical Assessment of the Fibers in the Trunk of Alstonia Boonei for Some Derived Indexes
Available online at www.worldnewsnaturalsciences.com WNOFNS 20 (2018) 54-61 EISSN 2543-5426 Anatomical assessment of the fibers in the trunk of Alstonia boonei for some derived indexes J. E. Otoide*, P. O. Tedela, O. D. Akerele and D. O. Adetunji Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria *E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT Derived anatomical indexes such as Runkel’s ratio, Flexibility coefficient and Felting power / Slenderness ratio of the fibers in the trunk of Alstonia boonei were assessed using standard procedures and formulas. Significant differences (P≤ 0.05) existed in the Runkel’s ratio and Flexibility coefficient of the fibers along the axial position of the trunk, whereas, along the radial position, the differences were not significant (P≤0.05). Conversely, the Felting power/ Slenderness ratio of the fibers along the axial and radial positions of the trunk were not significantly different (P≤0.05) from one another. Totals of 0.65 ± 1.33, 68.32 ± 15.39 and 39.89 ± 15.41 were the Runkel’s ratio, Flexibility coefficient and Felting power/Slenderness ratio of the fibers. In view of the results obtained in the present assessment, assertions confirming the suitability of the trunk of Alstonia boonei as alternative sources of raw material for pulp and paper production were made. Keywords: Fibers, mean, axial and radial positions, Runkel’s ratio, Flexibility coefficient, Felting power / Slenderness ratio, Alstonia boonei 1. INTRODUCTION Burkhill (1985) described Alstonia boonei De Wild. as a tall forest tree, which can reach 45 metres (148ft) in height and 3 metres (9.8ft) in girth, the bole being cylindrical and up to 27 metres (89ft) in height with high, narrow, deep-fluted buttresses. -
150 © Амурский Зоологический Журнал. Vii(2), 2015. 150-153
© Амурский зоологический журнал. VII(2), 2015. 150-153 Accepted: 11.05. 2015 УДК 595.782 © Amurian zoological journal. VII(2), 2015. 150-153 Published: 30.06. 2015 ОБЗОР ШИРОКОКРЫЛЫХ ОГНЕВОК (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE, PYRAUSTINAE) ЮЖНОЙ ЧАСТИ АМУРО-ЗЕЙСКОГО МЕЖДУРЕЧЬЯ А.Н. Стрельцов [Streltzov A.N. The review of pyraustid moths (Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Pyraustinae) of the southern Amur-Zeya interfluve plain] Кафедра биологии, Благовещенский государственный педагогический университет, ул. Ленина, 104, г. Благовещенск, 675000, Россия. E-mail: [email protected] Department of Biology, Blagoveshchensk State Pedagogical University, Lenina str., 104, Blagoveshchensk, 675000, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Ключевые слова: огневки, Pyraloidea, Crambidae, Pyraustinae, фауна, Амуро-Зейское междуречье, Дальний Восток России Key words: Pyraloidea, Crambidae, Pyraustinae, fauna, Amur-Zeya plain, Russian Far East Резюме. Для территории Амуро-Зейского междуречья приводится 76 видов ширококрылых огневок, относящих- ся к 35 родам из 5 триб. Впервые для территории Амурской области приводится 10 видов – Anania (Anania) egentalis (Christoph, 1881), Uresiphita gilvata (Fabricius, 1794), Ostrinia latipennis (Warren, 1892), Patania expictalis (Christoph, 1881), Nosophora maculalis (Leech, 1889), Herpetogramma luctuosalis (Guenée, 1854), Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775), Aripana lactiferalis (Walker, 1859), Botyodes diniasalis (Walker, 1859) и Maruca vitrata (Fabricius, 1787). Для структуры фауны характерно наличие двух примерно равновесных ареалогических -
Bioefficacy of Alstonia Boonei Leaf Extract Against Cowpea Beetle Callosobrochus Maculatus Infesting Stored Cowpea Seeds in Storage
Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences, 2018, v. 5, No. 11, p. 673-681. ISSN 2358-2731 https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.051106 Bioefficacy of Alstonia boonei leaf extract against cowpea beetle Callosobrochus maculatus infesting stored cowpea seeds in storage Kayode David Ileke¹ and Arotolu Temitope Emmanuel¹,² ¹Department of Biology. Federal University of Technology Akure. Nigeria. Email: [email protected]. ²Centre of Conservation Medicine and Ecological safety, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin P.R. China. Email: [email protected]. Abstract. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of the oils of Alstonia boonei leaf extracted with n-hexane, Received petroleum ether, methane and acetone as contact insecticides October 5, 2018 against the activities of Callosobrochus maculatus in stored cowpea seed. The oils were incorporated at rates 2.0 mL per Accepted December 23, 2018 20 g of cowpea seeds. The parameters assessed include, mortality of adult insects, oviposition and adult emergence to Released ascertain the control of the beetle. All concentration of the December 31, 2018 extracts used evoked 100% mortality of C. maculatus after 72 h of post treatment. The development of Callosobrochus maculatus Full Text Article was inversely proportional to the concentration of the oil. As the ratio of Alstonia boonei leaf oil extract increased, the mortality of the beetle increased. Therefore, complete protection of seeds and complete inhibition of adult emergence in the oils extracts of Alstonia boonei leaf were effective in controlling cowpea bruchid in stored cowpea seed. Keywords: Alstonia boonei; Leaf oil extracts; Cowpea seed; Callosobrochus maculates; Seed protection. 0000-0002-3106-4328 Kayode David Ileke 0000-0003-1330-0160 Arotolu Temitope Emmanuel Introduction most important producing areas in Nigeria are located in the savanna Cowpea Vigna unguiculata L. -
Improving Mass Propagation of Alstonia Boonei De Wild from Stem Cuttings: Requirement for Cutting Dimension and Growth Promotants
Applied Tropical Agriculture Volume 21, No.1, 145-152, 2016. © A publication of the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. Improving mass propagation of Alstonia boonei De Wild from stem cuttings: requirement for cutting dimension and growth promotants Akinyele, A.O.* and Adzandeh, A.M. Department of Forest Resources management, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT While Alstonia boonei De Wild is one of the West African tree species being extensively exploited for use in traditional medicine, a regeneration scheme to avert an imminent genetic erosion of the species is limited. Urgent efforts are therefore required to facilitate its large-scale propagation towards production in home-gardens, plantation establishment, and/ or re-introduction into the natural forests. We tested the effects of selected artificial hormones (Indole Butyric Acid, Naphtalene Acetic Acid) and natural hormone, a mix of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and coconut water at different concentrations on sprouting and rooting of A. boonei stem-cuttings, collected from the Botanical garden, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. In total, 1,440 cuttings of 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm in length were treated with IBA and NAA at 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg L-1 concentrations and coconut water at 0, 50, 75 and 100% concentrations. We used both top soil and river sand as planting medium. Percentage sprouting, rooting and survival of cuttings were monitored every week for 60 days. Data were analyzed using both the Descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Duncan Multiple Range Test for separation of significant means.Hormone concentration and cutting length significantly affected leaf sprouting of A. -
150 © Амурский Зоологический Журнал. Vii(2), 2015. 150-153
© Амурский зоологический журнал. VII(2), 2015. 150-153 Accepted: 11.05. 2015 УДК 595.782 © Amurian zoological journal. VII(2), 2015. 150-153 Published: 30.06. 2015 ОБЗОР ШИРОКОКРЫЛЫХ ОГНЕВОК (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE, PYRAUSTINAE) ЮЖНОЙ ЧАСТИ АМУРО-ЗЕЙСКОГО МЕЖДУРЕЧЬЯ А.Н. Стрельцов [Streltzov A.N. The review of pyraustid moths (Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Pyraustinae) of the southern Amur-Zeya interfluve plain] Кафедра биологии, Благовещенский государственный педагогический университет, ул. Ленина, 104, г. Благовещенск, 675000, Россия. E-mail: [email protected] Department of Biology, Blagoveshchensk State Pedagogical University, Lenina str., 104, Blagoveshchensk, 675000, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Ключевые слова: огневки, Pyraloidea, Crambidae, Pyraustinae, фауна, Амуро-Зейское междуречье, Дальний Восток России Key words: Pyraloidea, Crambidae, Pyraustinae, fauna, Amur-Zeya plain, Russian Far East Резюме. Для территории Амуро-Зейского междуречья приводится 76 видов ширококрылых огневок, относящих- ся к 35 родам из 5 триб. Впервые для территории Амурской области приводится 10 видов – Anania (Anania) egentalis (Christoph, 1881), Uresiphita gilvata (Fabricius, 1794), Ostrinia latipennis (Warren, 1892), Patania expictalis (Christoph, 1881), Nosophora maculalis (Leech, 1889), Herpetogramma luctuosalis (Guenée, 1854), Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775), Aripana lactiferalis (Walker, 1859), Botyodes diniasalis (Walker, 1859) и Maruca vitrata (Fabricius, 1787). Для структуры фауны характерно наличие двух примерно равновесных ареалогических -
Investigating Costs of Defensive Symbiosis in Aphids
Research Collection Doctoral Thesis The price of protection: Investigating costs of defensive symbiosis in aphids Author(s): Kaech, Heidi Publication Date: 2020 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000493441 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library DISS. ETH NO. 27282 The price of protection: Investigating costs of defensive symbiosis in aphids A thesis submitted to attain the degree of DOCTOR OF SCIENCES of ETH ZURICH (Dr. sc. ETH Zurich) presented by HEIDI KAECH MSc ETH in Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland born on 14.02.1988 citizen of Buttisholz LU, Switzerland accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. Christoph Vorburger Prof. Dr. Jukka Jokela Prof. Dr. Kerry M. Oliver 2020 Table of Content Table of Content ....................................................................................................................... 1 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 2 Zusammenfassung .................................................................................................................... 4 General Introduction ................................................................................................................ 6 Chapter 1 ................................................................................................................................ -
Stem Bark Extract from Alstonia Boonei Attenuates Cholesterol
abetes & Di M f e t o a Kehinde et al., J Diabetes Metab 2016, 7:11 l b a o n l r i DOI: 10.4172/2155-6156.1000715 s u m o J Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism ISSN: 2155-6156 Research Article Open Access Stem Bark Extract from Alstonia boonei attenuates Cholesterol, Triglyceride and Oxidative Damage via Low Immunohistochemical Expression in Small Intestinal Tract of Male Rats Akintunde Jacob Kehinde1*, Ajiboye John Adebayo2, Soyinka O Oluwadamilola2 and Adeyemi A Arinola2 1Toxicology and Safety Unit, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria 2Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bells University of Technology Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria Abstract Stem bark extract of Alstonia boonei (SBEAB) was reported to possess anti-lipidemia, anti-microbial, anti- inflammatory and anti-hypercholesterolemia properties in folk lore medicine. The present study examined the effects of SBEAB on some key lipid profiles in diabetic induced rats. Biomarkers of lipid damage, histological and immunohistochemical method were used. The expression level of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were also determined. SBEAB administered orally at dose of 200 mg/kg for 14 days significantly lowered the levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and malondialdehyde induced by single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotoxin (STREP) (80 mg/kg) and preserved the integrity of intestinal villi. In addition, SBEAB reduced the STREP-induced elevated activity of CAT with concomitant repression of COX-2 and iNOS expression in the intestine of diabetic rats. The protective effect of SBEAB was compared to that of metaglomide (METAG), anti-diabetic drug. -
Phytochemical Analysis and in Vitro Antibacterial Evaluation of Leaf and Bark Extracts of Alstonia Boonei
Vol. 13(17), pp. 287-291, November, 2019 DOI: 10.5897/AJPP2019.5026 Article Number: C5297F362171 ISSN: 1996-0816 Copyright ©2019 African Journal of Pharmacy and Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJPP Pharmacology Full Length Research Paper Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antibacterial evaluation of leaf and bark extracts of Alstonia boonei D. J. Ajose1, O. F. Onifade 2* and I. I. Wemambu1 1Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. 2Department of Food and Chemical Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. Received 4 March, 2019; Accepted 21 May, 2019 The antibacterial effect of the leaf, bark and leaf and bark combined of Alstonia boonei on bacterial pathogens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhimurium was determined using agar diffusion technique to investigate their efficacy as anti-bacterial agent. The phytochemical components of the leaf and bark were studied. The phytochemical screening of the ethanolic leaf extract indicated the presence of tannins, phlobatannins, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar, saponins, anthraquinones and steroids, while the bark contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phlobatannins, anthraquinones, steroids and reducing sugars. The extracts showed varying inhibitory effect against P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia. S. typhimurium (13±0.27 mm at 100 mg/ml for the leaf extract) being the most susceptible at all concentrations, 12±0.21 and 12±0.62 mm at concentrations 100 and 50 mg/ml respectively for bark extract and similarly for the leaf + bark extract. -
Variación Geográfica De La Microbiota En Cuatro Especies Del Género Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) En Colombia
Variación geográfica de la microbiota en cuatro especies del género Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) en Colombia Nicolás Luna Niño Universidad del Rosario Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Bogotá, Colombia 2021 Variación geográfica de la microbiota en cuatro especies del género Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) en Colombia Nicolás Luna Niño Trabajo de grado presentado como requisito para obtener el título de: Biólogo Director Juan David Ramírez Ph.D Co-director Camilo Salazar Ph.D Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Programa de Biología Universidad del Rosario Bogotá, Colombia 2021 Variación geográfica de la microbiota en cuatro especies del género Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) en Colombia Nicolás Luna1, Giovanny Herrera1, Marina Muñoz1, Melissa Herrera2, Anya Brown3, Emily Khazan3, Camilo Salazar2, Juan David Ramírez1* 1Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia. 2Grupo de Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia. 3University of Florida, USA. *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Estudios en las mariposas del género de Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) han permitido entender los mecanismos que promueven la especiación y adaptación en el neotrópico. Análisis de la microbiota en estos insectos reportan variaciones interespecíficas e intraespecíficas, las cuales no están asociadas directamente a la depredación de polen. Además, se desconoce si los ecosistemas geográficos donde cohabitan mariposas con diferentes anillos miméticos afectan la microbiota de estos individuo. Este estudio utilizó amplicon-based sequencing del gen ARNr-16S en 66 muestras que corresponden a 4 especies de distintas regiones biogeográficas de Colombia: Heliconius clysonymus (n = 4), Heliconius erato (n = 24), Heliconius melpomene (n = 19) y Heliconius cydno (n = 19). -
© Амурский Зоологический Журнал. IX(4), 2017. 188-204 © Amurian Zoological Journal. IX(4), 2017. 1
http://www.bgpu.ru/azj/ © Амурский зоологический журнал. IX(4), 2017. 188-204 http://elibrary.ru/title_about.asp?id=30906 © Amurian zoological journal. IX(4), 2017. 188-204 УДК 595.782 ОГНЕВКООБРАЗНЫЕ ЧЕШУЕКРЫЛЫЕ (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALOIDEA) АМУРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ А.Н. Стрельцов A PYRALID MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALOIDEA) OF AMUR REGION A.N. Streltzov Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Университетская наб. д. 7-9., Санкт-Петербург, 199034, Россия. E-mail: [email protected] Ключевые слова: огневкообразные чешуекрылые, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea, фауна, Амурская область Резюме. Первая региональная сводка огневкообразным чешуекрылым (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). Для Амурской области указывается 284 вида огневкообразных чешуекрылых, относящиеся к 82 родам из 14 подсемейств 2 семейств. Учитывая степень изученности данного района можно предположить, что предлагаемый список близок к исчерпывающему. Проиводится полная библиография по огневкам региона. Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia. E-mail: streltzov@ mail.ru Key words: pyralid moths, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea, fauna, Amur region Summary. The first regional report of the pyralid moths (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). For the Amur region, 284 species of pyraloid moths are listed, belonging to 82 genera from 14 subfamilies of the 2 families. Given the degree of study of this area, it can be assumed that the proposed list is close to exhaustive. There is a complete bibliography on pyralid moths of this region. Огневкообразные чешуекрылые – Lepidop- тешествие на Амур совершил Р.К. Маак. От tera: Pyraloidea – крупная, широко распро- Нерчинска до устья Паньгухе экспедиция страненная группа бабочек с наибольшим двигалась на плоту, затем на одной из барж разнообразием в тропических широтах. В ус- второго муравьевского сплава проследова- ловиях Дальнего Востока России огневки со- ла до выхода Амура из Хинганского ущелья. -
Phytochemical, Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Properties of Leaves
Vol. 10(38), pp. 662-668, 10 October, 2016 DOI: 10.5897/JMPR2016.6249 Article Number: 7D8002861157 ISSN 1996-0875 Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Copyright © 2016 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR Full Length Research Paper Phytochemical, nutritional and anti-nutritional properties of leaves, stems bark and roots of trees used in popular medicine for the treatment of malaria in South Eastern Nigeria Abu, Ngozi E.1*, Ezeomeke, Somadina I.1, Azegba, Promise1 and Davidson, Gloria I.2 1Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. 2Department of Home Science and Nutrition, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. Received 5 September, 2016; Accepted 29 September, 2016 Environmental factors are known to affect genes in various ways. They are affecting the gene products including the production of both primary and secondary metabolites, hence the need to assess the phytochemical and nutritional compositions of Morinda lucida Benth and Alstonia boonei De Wild growing in Nsukka, Enugu state, south eastern Nigeria. The qualitative analyses of the plant parts showed the presence of all the tested phytochemicals in various levels ranging from trace (+) to very heavily present (++++). The quantitative estimates showed significant variations in their values in leaves, stems bark and roots in some phytochemical components. Results of the proximate also showed the contents of protein were 2.46 - 17.69 and 1.45-2.1; fats 0.49-1.88 and 0.84- 1.4; carbohydrates 68.76- 81.63 and 17.81- 31.38; and ash 2.33-2.9 and 0.78- 2.75 in M. -
Changes in Lipid and Haematological Profile of Aqueous Ethanolic Extract of Alstonia Boonei in Rats O Gabriel, N Harrision, O Okey, a Ukoha
The Internet Journal of Hematology ISPUB.COM Volume 4 Number 1 Changes In Lipid And Haematological Profile Of Aqueous Ethanolic Extract Of Alstonia Boonei In Rats O Gabriel, N Harrision, O Okey, A Ukoha Citation O Gabriel, N Harrision, O Okey, A Ukoha. Changes In Lipid And Haematological Profile Of Aqueous Ethanolic Extract Of Alstonia Boonei In Rats. The Internet Journal of Hematology. 2007 Volume 4 Number 1. Abstract This study investigated the effect of 50 and 200mg/kg extract of Alstonia boonei stem bark (ASBE) on serum lipids and blood parameters for 2 and 4 weeks in albino rats. The ASBE lowered serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly (p<0.05) in animals orally administered with 50 and 200mg/kg of the extract for 2 weeks. The ratio of the atherogenic risk predator indices showed that 50 and 200mg/kg extract may possess antiatherogenic effect and therefore desirable. There was no significant difference in haematological parameters, except for WBC where the fall was significant (p < 0.05) at 200mg/kg by the 4th week of treatment. These results suggest possible hypolipidaemic effect of ASBE at short course of treatment, which also agrees with its local use in the management of hypertensive conditions. INTRODUCTION treat malaria, and is listed in the African Pharmacopoeia as Alstonia boonei (Apocynaceae) is a deciduous tree found in an antimalarial drug (Olajide et. al., 2002). It is usually the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. It is referred to as “Australian Quinine” around the oceanics; widely distributed in Africa especially south of the Sahara.