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Surface Water Supply Protection Plan for the Bear Hole Watershed

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Surface Water Supply Protection Plan for the Bear Hole Watershed Tighghe&Bond GovernmentEduc Estate• • Real January 2010 West Springfield, MA of Department Public Works Water Division Prepared For: Bear HoleWatershed Protection Planforthe Surface Water Supply ation • Health Care •Industry Surface Water Supply Protection Plan for the Bear Hole Watershed Prepared For: Water Division Department of Public Works West Springfield, MA January 2010 CONTENTS CONTENTS Table of Contents Tighe&Bond Executive Summary Section 1 Introduction 1.1 Description of the Bear Hole Reservoir and its Watershed ................... 1-1 1.1.1 Reservoir Description .......................................................... 1-1 1.1.2 Watershed Description ........................................................ 1-1 1.1.3 Watershed Soils ................................................................. 1-3 1.1.4 Watershed Vegetative Cover ................................................ 1-3 1.2 Watershed Protection Zones........................................................... 1-4 1.3 Purpose and Scope of the SWPP ..................................................... 1-4 Section 2 Watershed Mapping 2.1 Maps 1A and 1B: Base Map ........................................................... 2-1 2.2 Map 2: Land Uses ........................................................................ 2-2 2.3 Map 3: Protected and Restricted Open Space ................................... 2-2 2.4 Map 4: Local Zoning .................................................................... 2-2 2.5 Map 5: Land Topography .............................................................. 2-3 Section 3 Watershed Inventory 3.1 Existing Land Use Impacts ............................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 Massachusetts Turnpike....................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Lane Quarry ...................................................................... 3-2 3.1.3 Western Massachusetts Electric Transmission Line ................... 3-2 3.1.4 Lost Pond .......................................................................... 3-2 3.1.5 Pioneer Valley Railroad ........................................................ 3-3 3.1.6 Forestry Activities ............................................................... 3-3 3.1.7 Public Roads ...................................................................... 3-4 3.1.8 Sewered Areas ................................................................... 3-7 3.1.9 Gasoline Stations and Petroleum Storage ............................... 3-7 3.2 Future Land Use Impacts ............................................................... 3-7 3.2.1 West Springfield Zoning....................................................... 3-8 3.2.2 West Springfield Water Supply Protection District .................... 3-8 3.2.3 Holyoke Zoning .................................................................. 3-9 3.3 Public Access/Recreation Impacts ................................................... 3-9 3.4 Wildlife Impacts ......................................................................... 3-10 3.4.1 Waterfowl ........................................................................ 3-10 3.4.2 White-Tailed Deer ............................................................. 3-11 3.4.3 Beaver Activity ................................................................. 3-11 3.5 In-Lake Problems ....................................................................... 3-11 3.6 Watershed Sampling Plan ............................................................ 3-12 i Table of Contents Tighe&Bond Section 4 Watershed Protection Measures 4.1 Watershed Control ........................................................................ 4-1 4.2 Town Ownership and Land Acquisition Plan ...................................... 4-1 4.3 Municipal Land Use Improvements .................................................. 4-2 4.4 Public Access/Recreation Control .................................................... 4-2 4.4.1 Perimeter Control ............................................................... 4-3 4.4.2 Patrolling ........................................................................... 4-3 4.4.3 Enforcement ...................................................................... 4-4 4.5 Wildlife Management ..................................................................... 4-4 4.6 In-Lake Management .................................................................... 4-6 4.7 Staffing ....................................................................................... 4-6 4.8 Regulatory Controls ...................................................................... 4-6 4.9 Emergency Planning ..................................................................... 4-7 4.10 Education .................................................................................... 4-7 4.11 Communication/Coordination ......................................................... 4-9 Section 5 Summary and Recommendations 5.1 Summary .................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Recommendations ........................................................................ 5-1 Section 6 References Appendix A Watershed Mapping Appendix B Town of West Springfield and City of Holyoke Watershed Protection Bylaws Appendix C Pioneer Valley Railroad Operations Statement Appendix D Bear Hole Watershed Wildlife Survey Appendix E Watershed Inspection Log Sheet Appendix F Watershed Signage Appendix G Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Determining a Threat to Public Water Supplies Related to Presence of Beaver or Muskrat Appendix H Department of Public Works Organizational Chart Appendix I Town of West Springfield Water Use Restriction Ordinance J:\W\W1393\REPORT\SWPP\SWPP text-Jan2010.doc ii 1 SECTION 1 Tighe&Bond Section 1 Introduction This Surface Water Supply Protection Plan (SWPP) was prepared at the request of the Town of West Springfield’s Department of Public Works (DPW) to comply with special permit conditions of the Town’s Modified Water Management Act (WMA) Permit #9P-1- 04-325.01 issued by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) on July 24, 2008. The plan was developed to improve protection efforts within the Bear Hole watershed (PWS ID #1325000). The Bear Hole watershed serves as one of the supply sources for the Town of West Springfield, and is located primarily in West Springfield. Small portions of the watershed lie within the City of Holyoke and the City of Westfield. This SWPP has been prepared in accordance with MassDEP’s guidance document “Developing a Local Surface Water Supply Protection Plan” (updated May 2000). The intent of the plan is to characterize the Bear Hole watershed and identify potential risks and control mechanisms to maintain the Bear Hole Reservoir as a high quality source of water for the Town of West Springfield. The plan should be periodically updated as control mechanisms are implemented and additional information is gathered regarding the watershed. 1.1 Description of the Bear Hole Reservoir and its Watershed 1.1.1 Reservoir Description The Bear Hole Reservoir was originally constructed on Paucatuck Brook in 1907 to serve as an on-stream supply and storage reservoir for the Town of West Springfield. The present dam, reservoir and filtration facility were constructed in 1956-57 to replace the original structure destroyed in the flood of August 1955. The original dam was located approximately 200 feet upstream of the current structure. The reservoir has a surface area of about 0.04 square miles (25 acres) and an estimated storage capacity of 91 million gallons. The reservoir has a reported safe yield of approximately 1 million gallons per day (mgd) and has typically supplied about 25% of the Town’s water needs. Water from the reservoir is treated via slow sand filters, disinfected with chlorine and pumped to the Town’s distribution system. Other water supplies available to the Town include Well Nos. 1-4 at the Southwick Wellfield, which have a combined safe yield of 7.01 mgd, and three interconnections to the City of Springfield’s transmission mains. The Springfield mains cross the Town en route from the Provin Mountain storage facility in Agawam to the City’s customers in Springfield. Only one of the Springfield interconnections is currently active and is typically used only during the peak summer months to supplement Bear Hole and Southwick Wellfield supplies. 1.1.2 Watershed Description The Bear Hole Reservoir and its associated watershed includes an estimated 5.48 square miles (3,500 acres) of mostly forested land in the Town of West Springfield and the Cities of Holyoke and Westfield. West Springfield Surface Water Supply Protection Plan 1-1 Section 1 Introduction Tighe&Bond The watershed is bounded to the north by headwaters of Paucatuck Brook (which includes the McLean and Ashley Reservoir watersheds) and terminus of the East Mountain ridge line; to the west by the East Mountain ridge line (paralleling the Westfield/West Springfield border for much of the watershed); to the east by a low ridge line west of Homestead Avenue in Holyoke and both east and west of Great Plains Road in West Springfield; and by the reservoir impoundment to the south. The overall watershed includes three sub-watersheds, McLean Reservoir, Ashley Pond Reservoir, and Bear Hole Reservoir as described below. • McLean Reservoir - The McLean Reservoir has a small watershed estimated at 0.5 square miles (320 acres). It has a surface area of 0.10 square miles
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