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Top Ten Physics News Stories in 2014 Wanted: Input from Physicists on the Future of Computing January 2015 • Vol. 24, No. 1 Physicist nominated to be A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Secretary of Defense WWW.APS.ORG/PUBLICATIONS/APSNEWS Page 3 APS April Meeting Heads to Charm City Incoming 2015 APS President: Q & A with Samuel Aronson This year’s April Meeting will Body Systems, Hadronic Physics, Samuel H. Aronson, former position that affects everybody, come to this country for graduate take place at the Hilton Baltimore and Precision Measurements & director of Brookhaven National like climate change. I would men- level education in physics. More Inner Harbor Hotel in Baltimore, Fundamental Constants. Laboratory and current director of tion education, starting with early frequently than in the past, they Maryland, from April 11 through The meeting will host several its RIKEN BNL Research Center, STEM education and going all the return to pursue scientific careers 14. The annual meeting is expected renowned plenary speakers weigh- will begin his term as President way up to graduate level scientific at home. I think therefore, we need to attract about 1,300 attendees and ing in on a variety of important of APS on January 1, 2015. In an training. Finally, the issue of main- to access the American population will feature 72 invited sessions, physics topics. Monday’s Kavli interview with APS News, he dis- in all of its diverse dimensions to more than 110 contributed ses- session will feature Nobel laureate cusses his goals for the coming year. find the best and brightest people to sions, three plenary sessions, poster John Mather commemorating the What do you see as the most fill the pipeline domestically. sessions, and a public lecture. The 50th anniversary of the discovery of pressing issues facing the physics What will be your main focus recipients of APS prizes and awards the cosmic microwave background. community right now? during your presidential year? will be honored at a special ceremo- Clifford Will from the University There are a number of issues, What approach will you take nial session on Sunday evening. of Florida will highlight the pre- one of which is federal research towards achieving these goals? The meeting will showcase cision tests that have confirmed budgets. We’re still in a chaotic and There are a number of APS the latest research from the APS general relativity. Stuart Shapiro fractious government funding land- issues. The Society is going through Divisions of Particles and Fields, of the University of Illinois at scape, so that remains a big issue. a transition in the way it conducts Astrophysics, Nuclear Physics, Urbana-Champaign will explore Another is the transition to open its work on behalf of the members, and Beam Physics, as well as the the origins and detection of gravi- access publishing, which affects and also perhaps in its response to Topical Group in Gravitation. In tational waves. the Society and other societies, and externalities, such as open access addition, the Forums on Educa- Speakers from government it will change the way which our Samuel H. Aronson publishing and open data. APS tion, Graduate Student Affairs, agencies will open the meeting on members and physicists in general needs to rethink the way it finances History of Physics, International Saturday and address the big scien- get access to scientific publications. taining and building the cohort of its work on behalf of the members Physics, and Physics and Society tific problems of the future. Secretary That’s something we have to focus physicists pursuing their careers in of the Society. There are issues will be participating, along with of Energy Ernest Moniz will lead off on within the Society. this country. It will be a different internal to the Society that are going the Topical Groups on Energy and John Grunsfeld, NASA’s associ- Other big issues are ones on mix than it has been in the past, due to take a lot of attention this year, Research and Applications, Few- MEETING continued on page 4 which the Society has a public to our ability to retain people who ARONSON continued on page 6 Top Ten Physics News Stories in 2014 Wanted: Input from Physicists on the Future of Computing Every year, APS News looks South Pole made the sensational the data from the satellite’s four- By Michael Lucibella priorities for the next five years.” back to see which physics news announcement that they had seen year run and had created the most The National Research Coun- He likened it to a smaller version stories grabbed the attention of the the first evidence of “B-mode” detailed map of the CMB. cil is developing a report for the of the surveys carried out every public. This list is not necessarily polarization in the cosmic micro- Intergalactic Neutrinos National Science Foundation on ten years by the astrophysics com- a compilation of the most impor- wave background (CMB) radiation. In 2013, the IceCube neu- advanced computing, and is looking munity to plan a decade’s worth tant advances or discoveries of the At the time it was held up as “the trino detector at the South Pole for input from the physics commu- of scientific projects. year, but rather the ones that seemed smoking gun” for evidence of observed additional highly ener- nity. The report, “Future Directions To help promote discussion in to garner the most headlines and getic neutrinos, which provided For NSF Advanced Computing the scientific community, the com- column-inches. In (roughly) chron- further evidence of neutrinos from Infrastructure to Support U.S. mittee released an interim version ological order, the top ten physics outside our galaxy. A new event Science and Engineering in 2017- of its report this summer, which stories of 2014 were: announced in April, dubbed “Big 2020,” will review what the NSF outlined the direction the full report Fusion Milestone Bird,” unseated the reigning champs is doing to get scientists access to will take. “It’s really a list of ques- Physicists at Lawrence Liver- “Bert” and “Ernie.” At more than the advanced computing hardware tions on topics we’re considering,” more National Laboratory Steffen Richter/Harvard two petaelectronvolts, it’s twice as and software they need, and what Harrison said. announced in February that they energetic as the previous record- can be improved. The NSF supports 16 sites reached an important milestone: holders, but because it’s not “This is an activity that the across the country that let research- At the National Ignition Facil- anything like an order of magnitude NSF conducts every five years ers use supercomputing hardware ity, 192 simultaneous laser pulses greater, investigators think that they or so,” said Robert Harrison, co- for computation-heavy research. blasted tiny hydrogen pellets, and BICEP2 searches for inflation. might be close to seeing the upper chair of the committee putting the The writers of the report are in the resulting fusion reactions emit- limit of cosmic neutrino energies. report together. “It assists them part looking to see how beneficial ted slightly more energy than was gravitational waves left over from in creating a roadmap, a set of INPUT continued on page 6 initially absorbed — a key first step a period of rapid inflation in the in inertial confinement fusion. How- early universe. However, soon ever, there is still a long way to go after the announcement, doubts LLNL before the machine produces a net about the data started to emerge, gain in energy, since the pellets and it was unclear if the team could absorbed only a small fraction of definitively rule out the effect of IceCube Collaboration the incoming laser energy. cosmic dust. In the resulting sci- entific paper, published in June, the team acknowledged that dust may have affected the observations, but nevertheless they still felt the IceCube's big find gravitational wave signal was real. In September a new report from the Physics in Movies ESA’s Planck satellite reinforced 2014 was a blockbuster year for concerns about the initial results, science on film and TV. Premiering but the two teams are continuing in March, Neil deGrasse Tyson’s to work together to resolve the highly anticipated follow-up to Carl Fusion first step discrepancies. Also in Decem- Sagan’s TV series Cosmos capti- vated audiences and took them on BICEP2 ber, independent of the BICEP2 a journey into the universe. Also in In March the scientific team research, Planck’s team announced Future of supercomputing: Top computers are funded by the behind the BICEP2 telescope at the that they had finished processing TOP TEN continued on page 6 Department of Energy. Should NSF chase the bleeding edge? 2 • January 2015 Members This Month in Physics History in the January 1, 1925: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin and the Day the Universe Changed Media By Richard Williams ecilia Payne made a long and lonely journey electron concentration, ionization potential, and “It’s an ordeal for anyone who’s with the IBM computer Watson, Cfrom her childhood in England to prominence other properties of the stellar atmosphere. Payne gone through it … . At the end of USA Today, November 25, 2014. in a scientific community that begrudged a place met Saha when he visited Harvard, just as his work the day, I was exhausted. I got my to women. She began her scientific career with a was becoming known to astronomers. first batch of candidates and I said, “In the old days, all of the scholarship to Cambridge University, where she took Payne’s thesis [3], finished on January 1, 1925, ‘Wow, for this I paid $85?’” knowledge was in a cathedral. … the course in physics. After meeting Harlow Shapley confirmed the view of Russell and Rowland on Neer Asherie, Yeshiva Univer- Now it’s here at CERN.” from Harvard, she moved to Massachusetts and the abundance of the heavier elements in stellar sity, on online dating, The New Steve Goldfarb, CERN, The pursued a doctoral degree in astronomy.
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