Definition of the Word Paper Mill

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Definition of the Word Paper Mill 1 Definition Of The Word Paper Mill Paper rolls are out. The logs are then sent to a paper factory. Definition of the word paper mill. Sounds strange. It all starts by cutting down trees. Jump to General, Art, Business, Computing, Medicine, Miscellaneous, Religion, Science, Slang, Sports, Tech, Phrases. How is Paper Made From Trees. com home, info Wordnik home, info Wiktionary home, info Dictionary. Every now and then you hear an adult saying Don t waste paper or Recycle paper to save trees. We found 18 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word paper mill Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where paper mill is defined. Paper is made by processing the wood and its fiber. Image Credit Flickr User hans s, via CC. The wood pieces are then boiled with water and few chemicals until they turn into a slushy, mushy pulp. This pulp is then poured onto a fine wire mesh where the pulp stays on the top of the wire mesh and a lot of water from it drains out. Don t you think what has paper got to do with trees. That s because paper is made from trees. All the wood in the trees is mostly made up of fiber. After that yet again, pulp mat passes through hot rollers many a times until it is completely dry. com home, info , Paper mill Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia home, info Rhymezone home, info Webster s 1828 Dictionary home, info Free Dictionary home, info Mnemonic Dictionary home, info WordNet 1. 7 Vocabulary Helper home, info LookWAYup Translating Dictionary Thesaurus home, info Dictionary thesaurus home, info ODLIS Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science home, info Encyclopedia home, info Urban Dictionary home, info. Paper is made by processing the wood and its fiber. Image Credit Flickr User hans s, via CC. The wood pieces are then boiled with water and few chemicals until they turn into a slushy, mushy pulp. com home, info , Paper mill Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia home, info Rhymezone home, info Webster s 1828 Dictio- nary home, info Free Dictionary home, info Mnemonic Dictionary home, info WordNet 1. 7 Vocabulary Helper home, info LookWAYup Translating Dictionary Thesaurus home, info Dictionary thesaurus home, info ODLIS Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science home, info Encyclopedia home, info Urban Dictionary home, info. 7 Vocabulary Helper home, info LookWAYup Translating Dictionary Thesaurus home, info Dictionary thesaurus home, info ODLIS Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science home, info Encyclopedia home, info Urban Dictionary home, info. Mla-Style-Citation-Example-Film 2.
Recommended publications
  • Dictionary Users Do Look up Frequent Words. a Logfile Analysis
    Erschienen in: Müller-Spitzer, Carolin (Hrsg.): Using Online Dictionaries. Berlin/ Boston: de Gruyter, 2014. (Lexicographica: Series Maior 145), S. 229-249. Alexander Koplenig, Peter Meyer, Carolin Müller-Spitzer Dictionary users do look up frequent words. A logfile analysis Abstract: In this paper, we use the 2012 log files of two German online dictionaries (Digital Dictionary of the German Language1 and the German Version of Wiktionary) and the 100,000 most frequent words in the Mannheim German Reference Corpus from 2009 to answer the question of whether dictionary users really do look up fre- quent words, first asked by de Schryver et al. (2006). By using an approach to the comparison of log files and corpus data which is completely different from that of the aforementioned authors, we provide empirical evidence that indicates - contra - ry to the results of de Schryver et al. and Verlinde/Binon (2010) - that the corpus frequency of a word can indeed be an important factor in determining what online dictionary users look up. Finally, we incorporate word dass Information readily available in Wiktionary into our analysis to improve our results considerably. Keywords: log file, frequency, corpus, headword list, monolingual dictionary, multi- lingual dictionary Alexander Koplenig: Institut für Deutsche Sprache, R 5, 6-13, 68161 Mannheim, +49-(0)621-1581- 435, [email protected] Peter Meyer: Institut für Deutsche Sprache, R 5, 6-13, 68161 Mannheim, +49-(0)621-1581-427, [email protected] Carolin Müller-Spitzer: Institut für Deutsche Sprache, R 5, 6-13, 68161 Mannheim, +49-(0)621-1581- 429, [email protected] Introduction We would like to Start this chapter by asking one of the most fundamental questions for any general lexicographical endeavour to describe the words of one (or more) language(s): which words should be included in a dictionary? At first glance, the answer seems rather simple (especially when the primary objective is to describe a language as completely as possible): it would be best to include every word in the dictionary.
    [Show full text]
  • Etytree: a Graphical and Interactive Etymology Dictionary Based on Wiktionary
    Etytree: A Graphical and Interactive Etymology Dictionary Based on Wiktionary Ester Pantaleo Vito Walter Anelli Wikimedia Foundation grantee Politecnico di Bari Italy Italy [email protected] [email protected] Tommaso Di Noia Gilles Sérasset Politecnico di Bari Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS Italy Grenoble INP, LIG, F-38000 Grenoble, France [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT a new method1 that parses Etymology, Derived terms, De- We present etytree (from etymology + family tree): a scendants sections, the namespace for Reconstructed Terms, new on-line multilingual tool to extract and visualize et- and the etymtree template in Wiktionary. ymological relationships between words from the English With etytree, a RDF (Resource Description Framework) Wiktionary. A first version of etytree is available at http: lexical database of etymological relationships collecting all //tools.wmflabs.org/etytree/. the extracted relationships and lexical data attached to lex- With etytree users can search a word and interactively emes has also been released. The database consists of triples explore etymologically related words (ancestors, descendants, or data entities composed of subject-predicate-object where cognates) in many languages using a graphical interface. a possible statement can be (for example) a triple with a lex- The data is synchronised with the English Wiktionary dump eme as subject, a lexeme as object, and\derivesFrom"or\et- at every new release, and can be queried via SPARQL from a ymologicallyEquivalentTo" as predicate. The RDF database Virtuoso endpoint. has been exposed via a SPARQL endpoint and can be queried Etytree is the first graphical etymology dictionary, which at http://etytree-virtuoso.wmflabs.org/sparql.
    [Show full text]
  • User Contributions to Online Dictionaries Andrea Abel and Christian M
    The dynamics outside the paper: User Contributions to Online Dictionaries Andrea Abel and Christian M. Meyer Electronic lexicography in the 21st century (eLex): Thinking outside the paper, Tallinn, Estonia, October 17–19, 2013. 18.10.2013 | European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano and Technische Universität Darmstadt | Andrea Abel and Christian M. Meyer | 1 Introduction Online dictionaries rely increasingly on their users and leverage methods for facilitating user contributions at basically any step of the lexicographic process. 18.10.2013 | European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano and Technische Universität Darmstadt | Andrea Abel and Christian M. Meyer | 2 Previous work . Mostly focused on specific type/dimension of user contribution . e.g., Carr (1997), Storrer (1998, 2010), Køhler Simonsen (2005), Fuertes-Olivera (2009), Melchior (2012), Lew (2011, 2013) . Ambiguous, partly overlapping terms: www.wordle.net/show/wrdl/7124863/User_contributions (02.10.2013) www.wordle.net/show/wrdl/7124863/User_contributions http:// 18.10.2013 | European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano and Technische Universität Darmstadt | Andrea Abel and Christian M. Meyer | 3 Research goals and contribution How to effectively plan the user contributions for new and established dictionaries? . Comprehensive and systematic classification is still missing . Mann (2010): analysis of 88 online dictionaries . User contributions roughly categorized as direct / indirect contributions and exchange with other dictionary users . Little detail given, since outside the scope of the analysis . We use this as a basis for our work We propose a novel classification of the different types of user contributions based on many practical examples 18.10.2013 | European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano and Technische Universität Darmstadt | Andrea Abel and Christian M.
    [Show full text]
  • Online Dictionaries As Emergent Archives of Contemporary Usage and Collaborative Codification
    Online Dictionaries as Emergent Archives of Contemporary Usage and Collaborative Codification Colleen Cotter Queen Mary, University of London John Damaso Arizona State University February 2007 Abstract Within the history of modern English lexicography, individual dictionary editors have had ultimate control over the selection, meaning, and illustration of words; extensive collaboration with contributors has been limited. However, Internet technologies that easily permit exchanges between a user and a database have allowed a new type of dictionary online, one that is built by the collaboration of contributing end-users, allowing ordinary users of dictionaries who are not trained lexicographers to engage in dictionary-making. We discuss a popular online slang dictionary called UrbanDictionary.com (UD) to illustrate how lexicographic principles are joined with Web-only communication technologies to provide a context for collaborative engagement and meaning-making; and to note the many characteristics and functions shared with the traditional print dictionary. Significantly, UD captures what most traditional English dictionaries fall short of: recording ephemeral quotidian spoken language and representing popular views of meaning. By relying on the users of language to select and define words for a dictionary, UD, which defines more than 1 million words, has in effect influenced access to and formulation of the lexis. Keywords computer-mediated communication, lexicography, slang, youth language; English Queen Mary’s OPAL #9 Occasional Papers Advancing Linguistics 1 Introduction English lexicography stems from a tradition of relatively limited functional collaboration, beginning with Samuel Johnson’s dictionary in 1755, in which editors overseeing numerous contributors held the ultimate authority over the selection, meaning, and illustration of words.
    [Show full text]
  • Wiktionary Matcher
    Wiktionary Matcher Jan Portisch1;2[0000−0001−5420−0663], Michael Hladik2[0000−0002−2204−3138], and Heiko Paulheim1[0000−0003−4386−8195] 1 Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim, Germany fjan, [email protected] 2 SAP SE Product Engineering Financial Services, Walldorf, Germany fjan.portisch, [email protected] Abstract. In this paper, we introduce Wiktionary Matcher, an ontology matching tool that exploits Wiktionary as external background knowl- edge source. Wiktionary is a large lexical knowledge resource that is collaboratively built online. Multiple current language versions of Wik- tionary are merged and used for monolingual ontology matching by ex- ploiting synonymy relations and for multilingual matching by exploiting the translations given in the resource. We show that Wiktionary can be used as external background knowledge source for the task of ontology matching with reasonable matching and runtime performance.3 Keywords: Ontology Matching · Ontology Alignment · External Re- sources · Background Knowledge · Wiktionary 1 Presentation of the System 1.1 State, Purpose, General Statement The Wiktionary Matcher is an element-level, label-based matcher which uses an online lexical resource, namely Wiktionary. The latter is "[a] collaborative project run by the Wikimedia Foundation to produce a free and complete dic- tionary in every language"4. The dictionary is organized similarly to Wikipedia: Everybody can contribute to the project and the content is reviewed in a com- munity process. Compared to WordNet [4], Wiktionary is significantly larger and also available in other languages than English. This matcher uses DBnary [15], an RDF version of Wiktionary that is publicly available5. The DBnary data set makes use of an extended LEMON model [11] to describe the data.
    [Show full text]
  • Extracting an Etymological Database from Wiktionary Benoît Sagot
    Extracting an Etymological Database from Wiktionary Benoît Sagot To cite this version: Benoît Sagot. Extracting an Etymological Database from Wiktionary. Electronic Lexicography in the 21st century (eLex 2017), Sep 2017, Leiden, Netherlands. pp.716-728. hal-01592061 HAL Id: hal-01592061 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01592061 Submitted on 22 Sep 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Extracting an Etymological Database from Wiktionary Benoît Sagot Inria 2 rue Simone Iff, 75012 Paris, France E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Electronic lexical resources almost never contain etymological information. The availability of such information, if properly formalised, could open up the possibility of developing automatic tools targeted towards historical and comparative linguistics, as well as significantly improving the automatic processing of ancient languages. We describe here the process we implemented for extracting etymological data from the etymological notices found in Wiktionary. We have produced a multilingual database of nearly one million lexemes and a database of more than half a million etymological relations between lexemes. Keywords: Lexical resource development; etymology; Wiktionary 1. Introduction Electronic lexical resources used in the fields of natural language processing and com- putational linguistics are almost exclusively synchronic resources; they mostly include information about inflectional, derivational, syntactic, semantic or even pragmatic prop- erties of their entries.
    [Show full text]
  • Wiktionary Matcher Results for OAEI 2020
    Wiktionary Matcher Results for OAEI 2020 Jan Portisch1;2[0000−0001−5420−0663] and Heiko Paulheim1[0000−0003−4386−8195] 1 Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim, Germany fjan, [email protected] 2 SAP SE Product Engineering Financial Services, Walldorf, Germany [email protected] Abstract. This paper presents the results of the Wiktionary Matcher in the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) 2020. Wiktionary Matcher is an ontology matching tool that exploits Wiktionary as exter- nal background knowledge source. Wiktionary is a large lexical knowl- edge resource that is collaboratively built online. Multiple current lan- guage versions of Wiktionary are merged and used for monolingual on- tology matching by exploiting synonymy relations and for multilingual matching by exploiting the translations given in the resource. This is the second OAEI participation of the matching system. Wiktionary Matcher has been improved and is the best performing system on the knowledge graph track this year.3 Keywords: Ontology Matching · Ontology Alignment · External Re- sources · Background Knowledge · Wiktionary 1 Presentation of the System 1.1 State, Purpose, General Statement The Wiktionary Matcher is an element-level, label-based matcher which uses an online lexical resource, namely Wiktionary. The latter is "[a] collaborative project run by the Wikimedia Foundation to produce a free and complete dic- tionary in every language"4. The dictionary is organized similarly to Wikipedia: Everybody can contribute to the project and the content is reviewed in a com- munity process. Compared to WordNet [2], Wiktionary is significantly larger and also available in other languages than English. This matcher uses DBnary [13], an RDF version of Wiktionary that is publicly available5.
    [Show full text]
  • S Wiktionary Wikisource Wikibooks Wikiquote Wikimedia Commons
    SCHWESTERPROJEKTE Wiktionary S Das Wiktionary ist der lexikalische Partner der freien Enzyklopädie Wikipedia: ein Projekt zur Erstellung freier Wörterbücher und Thesau- ri. Während die Wikipedia inhaltliche Konzepte beschreibt, geht es in ihrem ältesten Schwester- projekt, dem 2002 gegründeten Wiktionary um Wörter, ihre Grammatik und Etymologie, Homo- nyme und Synonyme und Übersetzungen. Wikisource Wikisource ist eine Sammlung von Texten, die entweder urheberrechtsfrei sind oder unter ei- ner freien Lizenz stehen. Das Projekt wurde am 24. November 2003 gestartet. Der Wiktionary-EIntrag zum Wort Schnee: Das Wörterbuch präsen- Zunächst mehrsprachig auf einer gemeinsamen tiert Bedeutung, Deklination, Synonyme und Übersetzungen. Plattform angelegt, wurde es später in einzel- ne Sprachversionen aufgesplittet. Das deutsche Teilprojekt zählte im März 2006 über 2000 Texte Wikisource-Mitarbeiter arbeiten an einer digitalen, korrekturge- und über 100 registrierte Benutzer. lesenen und annotierten Ausgabe der Zimmerischen Chronik. Wikibooks Das im Juli 2003 aus der Taufe gehobene Projekt Wikibooks dient der gemeinschaftlichen Schaf- fung freier Lehrmaterialien – vom Schulbuch über den Sprachkurs bis zum praktischen Klet- terhandbuch oder der Go-Spielanleitung Wikiquote Wikiquote zielt darauf ab, auf Wiki-Basis ein freies Kompendium von Zitaten und Das Wikibooks-Handbuch Go enthält eine ausführliche Spielanleitung Sprichwörtern in jeder Sprache zu schaffen. Die des japanischen Strategiespiels. Artikel über Zitate bieten (soweit bekannt) eine Quellenangabe und werden gegebenenfalls in die deutsche Sprache übersetzt. Für zusätzliche Das Wikimedia-Projekt Wikiquote sammelt Sprichwörter und Informationen sorgen Links in die Wikipedia. Zitate, hier die Seite zum Schauspieler Woody Allen Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons wurde im September 2004 zur zentralen Aufbewahrung von Multime- dia-Material – Bilder, Videos, Musik – für alle Wi- kimedia-Projekte gegründet.
    [Show full text]
  • Resources for Freelancers
    Resources for Freelancers Organizations, websites and a list citation guide; online subscription available) ACES (blog, news, resources, jobs, and the Quick Check Editorial Reference Cards ACES forums): www.copydesk.org (from Copyediting.com) Copyediting Newsletter (Links, blog, jobs, Purdue’s Online Writing Lab (guides to resources, training): www.copyediting.com Chicago, MLA and APA style) Editorial Freelancers Association (Training, Garner’s Modern American Usage resources, jobs): www.the-efa.org Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage Journalists’ Toolbox (Compendium of links The Gregg Reference Manual to useful sites) www.journaliststoolbox.org Grammar Girl’s Quick & Dirty Tips for Better Copyeditor’s Knowledge Base (Links to Writing resources for freelance copyeditors): http://www.kokedit.com/ckb.php Elephants of Style and Lapsing into a Comma (Bill Walsh) Common Errors in English Usage (Big list of quick-hit usage tips): OnlineStylebooks.com www.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/errors.html Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips Dictionaries (transcripts of all the podcasts, more): http://www.quickanddirtytips.com Merriam-Webster Collegiate 11th (Chicago’s preferred; online free, on CD-ROM, and as a Grant Barrett’s searches (word-related sites, free app; Unabridged by subscription) Google books): http://www.copyediting.com/two-copy- Webster’s New World College (AP’s desk-power-searches preferred; also as an app) CE-L (mailing list for copyeditors): Sign up Oxford dictionaries (New Oxford American at http://www.copyediting-l.info/ free
    [Show full text]
  • The Demands of Users and the Publishing World: Printed Or Online, Free Or Paid For?
    The demands of users and the publishing world: printed or online, free or paid for? Hilary Nesi Accepted manuscript PDF deposited in Coventry University’s Repository Original citation: ‘The demands of users and the publishing world: printed or online, free or paid for?’, in The Oxford Handbook of Lexicography, ed. by Philip Durkin, pub 2015 (ISBN 9780199691630) Publisher: Oxford University Press Reproduced by permission of Oxford University Press - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-lexicography- 9780199691630?cc=gb&lang=en& Copyright © and Moral Rights are retained by the author(s) and/ or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. 1 Nesi, H. (2015) The demands of users and the publishing world: printed or online, free or paid for? In: Durkin. P. (ed) The Oxford Handbook of Lexicography. Oxford: Oxford University Press pp. 579-589 Pre-publication version Abstract This chapter examines the extent of the digital migration of reference works from print to screen, and the effect this is having on dictionary publishers and dictionary users. It discusses the place of the human lexicographer, and possible new sources of e-dictionary revenue in the new ‘give-away’ internet environment. It also considers the automatic and collaborative generation of dictionary content, quality issues, and the needs and preferences of dictionary users around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Humping a Grouse Cobber Dymphna Lonergan
    Humping a grouse cobber Dymphna Lonergan When I arrived in Adelaide in the 1970s, they were called cobbers. Those small, chocolate covered squares of hard caramel now go by the name mates. The word mate has nudged ahead of cobber in popularity, probably since the republican debate in the 1990s when mateship was widely discussed as a proposed term for inclusion in the Constitution of Australia. By the time of the republican debate, the word cobber had been in print for just over one hundred years. Appearing first in the Worker in Sydney in 1893, it points to a rural origin. The Australian National Dictionary suggests the British dialectal word cob, ‘to take a liking to’ as a probable origin of cobber, and the use of the word seems to support the need for friendship in the harsh environment of the Australian bush. If we no longer hear cobber used much, it may simply have outlived its usefulness because the social conditions that created it have changed (and because mate is shorter, and more suited to these downsized and core business times). On the other hand, the word cobber appears in a current online urbandictionary website with the claim that it is not an archaic word, but simply little understood as an equivalent to mate. Therefore, while cobber seems to have been superseded by mate as a more commercially viable term for chocolate-coated caramel squares, cobber still has currency for technology-focused young Australians The English Dialect Dictionary cautions that cob ‘to like’ is not widely known. It certainly seems curious that this apparently rare verb could evolve quickly into an Australian noun widely used in the 1890s.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wiki-Fication of the Dictionary: Defining Lexicography in the Digital Age
    THE WIKI-FICATION OF THE DICTIONARY: DEFINING LEXICOGRAPHY IN THE DIGITAL AGE Darrell J. Penta College of Professional Studies Northeastern University [email protected] Abstract The future of lexical reference books, such as the 20-volume Oxford English Dictionary (OED), is going to be determined, in part, by the emergence of free on-line dictionaries, such as Wiktionary and Urban Dictionary. Specifically, we are witnessing a paradigmatic shift of authority in which users, rather than editorial boards, are making decisions concerning the content associated with a lexical entry’s definition. In effect, an exclusive privilege formerly enjoyed by professional lexicographers is now being extended unequivocally to laypersons. It is pertinent to ask, therefore, what effect this state of affairs will have on the ways that dictionaries are compiled and used. For some, including Jill Lepore of the New Yorker Magazine, online collaborative lexical references are “Maoist” resources, “cobble[d]…together” by non-experts who “pilfer” definitions (79). This paper rejects such a characterization and seeks, instead, to provide a description more suitable for critical inquiry. By contrasting the entry “bomb” as it appears in the OED, Wiktionary, and Urban Dictionary, and by making use of contemporary linguistic theory, the author posits that: word meanings are highly constrained by popular usage; and, users regularly provide semantically and pragmatically significant, and grammatical accurate, definitions; and, in providing users the flexibility to modify entries in real-time, user-generated dictionaries are uniquely practical as catalogues of the current state of language. It is concluded that, whereas traditional dictionaries may be the better resource for diachronic analyses of words, Wiktionary and the like may prove better for synchronic analyses.
    [Show full text]