Una Historia De Las Mujeres En El Béisbol

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Una Historia De Las Mujeres En El Béisbol UNA HISTORIA DE LAS MUJERES EN EL BÉISBOL 1867 – El equipo afroamericano, las Dolly Vardens, se hizo el primer equipo de béisbol pagado, dos años antes de que se estableció el primer equipo profesional de béisbol para los hombres, los Red Stockings de Cincinnati. 1875 – Un partido entre Las Rubias y Las Morenas en Springfield, Illinois el 11 de septiembre, fue el primer partido de béisbol de mujeres en que a los fanáticos se cobraron la entrada y las jugadoras se pagaron. 1876 – Las Resolutes, siguiendo el modelo del equipo universitario de Vassar College, desarrolló su propia versión de uniformes. Estos incluyeron camisas de manga larga con cuellos altos con volantes, cinturones adornados, faldas anchas y talares, zapatos con botones y gorras anchas y rayadas. 1880 – Un equipo de Smith College se disolvió cuando las madres se quejaron de los niños que jugaban el deporte, diciendo que no era apropiado para las mujeres. 1898 – Mientras lanzaba con los Coal Heavers de Reading en la Liga Atlántica, Lizzie Arlington se hizo la primera mujer que firmó un contrato de béisbol profesional. Los 1890 a 1935 – Las ¨Bloomer Girls¨ anduvieron en gira por todo el país y jugaron contra equipos de hombres de los pueblos, semiprofesionales y de las Ligas Menores. Había un promedio de tres hombres por equipo. Rogers Hornsby y Smokey Joe Woods empezaron con los equipos de las Bloomer Girls, vestidos como mujeres. Los 1900 – Las Bloomer Girls introdujeron partidos de béisbol de la noche. 1904 – Amanda Clement fue la primera mujer que arbitró un partido de béisbol, y fue pagada $15 a $25 por partido. 1908 – Maude Nelson fue la lanzadora abridora en el Cherokee Indian Base Ball Club, un equipo de hombres. 1908 – El himno nacional de béisbol en los Estados Unidos, ¨Take Me Out to the Ball Game¨, se inspiró por y se escribió sobre el amor de una niña por el juego. 1911-1918 – Helene Britton fue dueña de los Cardinals de St. Louis. Los 1920 – En Philadelphia, había equipos de fábrica de mujeres, ligas de mujeres y las Bobbies de Philadelphia para las mujeres desempleadas. Los 1920 – Mary O´Gara llevó las Bobbies de Philadelphia a Japón para jugar contra equipos de hombres. 1928 – Lizzie Murphy se hizo la primera mujer que jugó contra un equipo de las Grandes Ligas en un partido de exhibición y la primera persona de cualquier sexo que jugó con equipos de Estrellas en la Liga Nacional y la Liga Americana. 1928 – Mary Gisolo se unió al programa nacional American Legion Junior Baseball y ayudó a llevar a los Blanford Cubs al título de campeonato del estado de Indiana. Los 1930 – Los ¨años valientes¨ de las mujeres en el béisbol. Jugadoras de Béisbol paseaban por todo el mundo, jugaban el béisbol juvenil y firmaban contratos de las Ligas Menores. 1931 – Kennesaw Mountain Landis, el comisionado de béisbol, anuló el contrato de Jackie Mitchell de los Lookouts de Chattanooga, pocos días después de que ella ponchó a Babe Ruth y Lou Gehrig en un partido de exhibición. 1934 – Babe Didrikson, héroe de los Juegos Olímpicos, lanzó en partidos de exhibición con los Athletics, los Cardinals y los Indians. 1943-54 – Philip Wrigley, dueño de los Cubs de Chicago y el chicle Wrigley, empezó la Liga Americana de Béisbol Profesional de Mujeres (AAGPBL). 1944 – Dottie Wiltse lanzó en la AAGPBL hasta que estaba embarazada de seis meses. 1946 – Edith Houghton se hizo la primera mujer que buscó talento en las Grandes Ligas. 1946 – Sophie Kurys estableció el nuevo récord de bases robadas, con 201 bases robadas en 203 intentos. Este récord todavía permanece inigualado en la historia de béisbol, ya que Rickey Henderson ocupa el segundo lugar con 130 bases robadas (1982). 1947 – Las Belles de Racine de la AAGPBL establecieron el programa “Junior Belles” para las niñas de 14 años y más. 1948 – Las Junior Belles se hicieron más populares, ya que más niñas hicieron pruebas para los equipos. Otros equipos de la AAGPBL, como las Lassies y las Comets, empezaron a financiaron a equipos de béisbol de niñas menores. 1948 – La AAGBL (conocida también como la AAGPBL) empezó a lanzar por encima de la cabeza, en lugar de por abajo del hombro. Los 1950 – No se permitieron que Toni Stone, Connie Morgan y Mamie ¨Peanuts¨ Johnson jugaran en la AAGBL porque eran afroamericanas, así que jugaron con equipos de hombres en las Ligas Negras. 1955 – Bill Allington estableció dos equipos de mujeres que se llamaron las All-Stars de Allington, que anduvieron de gira por todo el país y jugaron contra equipos de hombres de los pueblos y semiprofesionales. 1969 – Bernice Gera se hizo la primera mujer que arbitró un partido en las Ligas Menores. 1971 – Gloria Jean ¨Jackie¨ Jackson hizo una prueba para los Senators de Pittsfield. Recibió una oferta de los Triangles de Raleigh-Durham, pero la oferta se revocó un día después. 1974 – A los 10 años, Janine Cinseruli ganó su juicio en Massachusetts, que les dio a las niñas el derecho de jugar al béisbol a través del Título IX. 1977-83 – Pam Postema arbitró en cada nivel de las Menores Ligas, empezando en la Liga de Novatos Gulf Coast, y ascendiendo hasta la Liga Pacific Coast de pelota triple en 1983. 1984 – Bob Hope estableció las Sun Sox, un equipo de mujeres de las Menores Ligas Clase A e intentó meter el equipo en la liga Florida State de Clase A. Sin embargo, la liga no le adjudicó la franquicia. 1988-89 – El comisionado de béisbol Bart Giamatti le invitó a Pam Postema a arbitrar partidos de entrenamientos primaverales y el partido del Salón de Fama. 1988 – La Asociación Americana de Béisbol para Mujeres (AWBA), la primera liga organizada para mujeres desde la AAGPBL (1943-54) se estableció en Chicago. 1988 – Julie Croteau jugó al béisbol con los Giants de Fredericksburg en la Liga de Béisbol de Virginia. 1989 – Después de la muerte de Bart Giamatti, Pam Postema se descargó de arbitrar en las Menores Ligas, así terminando una carrera de 13 años. 1989 – Julie Croteau se hizo la primera mujer que jugó al béisbol con un equipo masculino de la universidad, en St. Mary´s College (División III de la NCAA). Los 1990 – La Liga Americana de Béisbol de Mujeres (AWBL), conocida también como Béisbol Femenino Americano (AWB), se estableció por Jim Glennie con objeto de unir las ligas y los equipos femeninos de béisbol en todo el país y apoyarlas. 1992 – ¨A League of Their Own¨, una película sobre la AAGPBL, se produjo por Penny Marshall. 1993 – Sal Coats se hizo la primera mujer que jugó en la Serie Mundial de béisbol masculino superior. 1994-97 – Las Silver Bullets de Colorado, un equipo de béisbol femenino establecido por Bob Hope y patrocinado por la compañía de destilación Coors, jugó contra equipos masculinos de universidades y de las Menores Ligas. 1994 – La Asociación Nacional de Béisbol Adulto Femenino (WNABA) se estableció. Dieciséis equipos de mujeres jugaron en una serie mundial femenina en Phoenix en 1994. 1995 – WNABA consistió en 100 equipos femeninos afiliados en 16 estados. 1995 – Ila Borders se hizo la primera mujer que lanzó y ganó un partido completo de béisbol de la universidad. 1997 – Ladies League Baseball se formó por el empresario Mike Ribant. Se hizo la primera liga profesional de béisbol femenino desde la AAGPBL. 1998 – Ila Borders se hizo la primera mujer que ganó un partido masculino profesional mientras lanzó con los Dukes de Duluth, un equipo independiente de las Menores Ligas. 1998 – En su segunda temporada, Ladies League Baseball expandió hasta seis equipos y expandió por todo el país, pero fracasó apenas después a causa de una falta de asistencia. 2000 – La AWBL llevó un equipo a Japón para jugar contra el equipo Energen, el equipo femenino nacional de Japón. 2001 – La primera Serie Mundial femenina (WWS) se jugó en el SkyDome en Toronto. Los países participantes incluyeron los Estados Unidos, Australia, Canadá y Japón. Los Estados Unidos ganaron la medalla de oro. 2003 – Las Slaterettes de Pawtucket, liga de béisbol femenino, celebró su temporada número treinta de béisbol femenino. 2003 – El béisbol femenino se hizo un deporte oficial de la AAU. Fue la primera vez en los Estados Unidos que una organización nacional estadounidense empezó a sancionar y apoyar el béisbol femenino. 2003 – Las American Eagles de la Federación Americana de Béisbol Femenino (AWBF) se hicieron el primer equipo de béisbol femenino sancionado por USA Baseball. 2004 – La primera Copa Mundial de Béisbol Femenino, sancionada por la Asociación y Federación de Béisbol Internacional (IBAF) y albergada por Baseball Canada, se jugó en Edmonton, Alberta. Los equipos participantes vinieron de los Estados Unidos, Australia, Canadá, Japón y Taiwán. 2004 – USA Baseball sancionó el primer equipo oficial de béisbol femenino. El equipo competió en la WWS y en la Copa Mundial de Béisbol Femenino. Los Estados Unidos ganaron la medalla de oro. 2006 – Siete países competieron en la Copa Mundial de Béisbol Femenino en Taiwán – Australia, Canadá, Taiwán, Cuba, Hong Kong, Japón y los Estados Unidos. Los Estados Unidos ganaron la medalla de oro. 2007 – Las Pioneers de Chicago se hicieron las primeras campeonas nacionales de béisbol femenino en los Estados Unidos después de derrotar a las Slaterettes de Pawtucket durante el Campeonato Nacional de Béisbol Femenino en Ft. Myers, Florida. 2008 – A los 16 años, Eri Yoshida firmó un contrato con el 9 Cruise de Kobe de una nueva liga independiente en Japón. En abril de 2010, firmó un contrato con los Outlaws de Chico, y se hizo la primera mujer que jugó al nivel profesional en dos países.
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