The Future of Space 2060 and Implications for U.S. Strategy: Report on the Space Futures Workshop Air Force Space Command 5 September 2019 1 DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release Table of Contents Executive Summary 1. Introduction 2. Boundary Conditions and Future Scenarios A. Positive Futures: Star Trek, Elysium, and Garden Earth B. Negative Futures: Zhang He, Wild Frontier, and Xi’s Dream C. Military Dominance Futures: Space Today and Dark Skies 3. Conclusions 4. Recommendations 5. Annex A. Trends B. Assumptions C. Industry Perspective D. Methodology E. References F. Acronym List G. Participants For questions related to this report, contact Dr. Joel Mozer, Chief Scientist, Air Force Space Command, at (719) 554-2261 or
[email protected]. 2 DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release Executive Summary “Control of space means control of the world.” (Lyndon B Johnson, Vice President, Senate Armed Services Committee Hearing, January 1959) This report provides a long-term perspective on possible space futures to inform strategic decision- making. Economic, political, technological, and military space trends indicate that we have passed the tipping point for space as a vastly increased domain of human endeavor and a key element of national power. Other countries recognize the advantages of U.S. space leadership, as well as the value space capabilities provide, and are moving aggressively to challenge the U.S. To ensure continued U.S. space leadership, a coordinated, short-, mid-, and long-term national strategy is required. Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) hosted a Space Futures Workshop (SFW) to explore the role of space to the year 2060.