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An Overview of Available Satellite Data and Services

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An Overview of Available Satellite Data and Services Awareness Event 28 September 2018 | ADB, Manila, Philippines An overview of available satellite data and services EO4SD consortium, presented by Rolf A. de By (ITC, University of Twente) The consortium of EO4SD – Agriculture and Rural Development The Netherlands Denmark Service provision Austria Data integration Belgium Communication Capacity development Remote sensing … is the science of acquiring information about the Earth's surface without actually being in contact with it. A: Source of energy D G B: Interaction with A atmosphere C: Interaction with earth surface B D: Recording energy B E E: Transmission, F reception, processing F: Analysis C G: Application slide 3 28 September 2018 Ready for take-off • To get there, first steps are: ▪ identify observation requirements ▪ build sensor & design satellites ▪ get rocket to send each satellite into a (pre-defined) orbit slide 4 28 September 2018 Space: a busy place Infographics from https://spaceoneers.io Infographics from https://spaceoneers.io Status on 31-7-2017 Infographics from https://spaceoneers.io ~215 European 12% Copernicus programme • The world's largest single earth observation programme, directed by the European Commission in partnership with the European Space Agency (ESA). • Headed by the European Commission (EC) ▪ Acting on behalf of the European Union, setting requirements, managing the services • in partnership with the European Space Agency (ESA) ▪ Provision of 30 satellites (Sentinels) for the operational needs, space segment & ground segment. • Objectives: ▪ Global, continuous, autonomous, high quality, wide-range EO capacity. ▪ Providing accurate, timely and easily accessible information for, a.o. improving the management of the environment, understanding and mitigating the effects of climate change, and ensure civil security. slide 8 28 September 2018 The Sentinel Family Sentinel-3 scanning Earth’s color S1A/B S2A/B S3A/B S4A/B S5P S5A/B/C S6 J-CS A/B Long-term (decadal) continuous, consistent data Copernicus dedicated missions: Sentinels Sentinel-1 (A/B) – SAR imaging All weather, day/night applications, interferometry 2014 /2016 Sentinel-2 (A/B) – Multi-spectral imaging Land applications: urban, forest, agriculture,… Continuity of Landsat, SPOT 2015 /2017 Sentinel-3 (A/B) – Ocean and global land monitoring Wide-swath ocean color, vegetation, sea/land surface temperature, altimetry 2016/2018 Sentinel-4 (A/B) – Geostationary atmospheric Atmospheric composition monitoring, trans- boundary pollution 2021/2027 Sentinel-5 precursor/ Sentinel-5 (A/B) – Low-orbit atmospheric Atmospheric composition monitoring 2017/2020/2027 Sentinel-6: Jason-CS (A/B) –Altimetry Sea-level, wave height and marine wind speed 2020/2023 slide 10 28 September 2018 Copernicus constellation deployment schedule slide 11 28 September 2018 Official Sentinel website • https://earth.esa.int/web/sentinel/home slide 12 28 September 2018 Sentinel-1: launched April 2014 and April 2016 • Constellation of two satellites (A & B) in the same orbital plane (180⁰ phased in orbit) • C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar • 7 years design life time (up to 12 years) • 698 km height, 6-day repeat cycle for constellation A B • Applications: ▪ monitoring sea ice zones and the arctic environment ▪ surveillance of marine environment and security (e.g., oil spill monitoring, ship detection, wind, wave, current monitoring) ▪ monitoring of land surface motion (subsidence, landslides, etc.) ▪ support to emergency/risk management (e.g., flooding, etc.) and humanitarian aid in crisis situations ▪ mapping of land surfaces: forest, water and soil, agriculture, etc. slide 13 28 September 2018 Sentinel-1: SAR acquisition modes • Multiple modes • But consistent observations at same mode Flight Direction 46o 19o Sub-Satellite Track 45o 30o 698 km 200 200 46o 19o 250 230 23o 450 36.50 Extra Wide 36o Strip Map Swath Mode Wave Mode Mode Interferometric Wide Swath Mode slide 14 28 September 2018 Sentinel-1 observation scenario • Sentinels are operated via a pre-defined background observation plan published ahead of every repeat cycle as kml format at: https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/web/sentinel/missions/sentinel-1/observation-scenario Source: Foumelis (2017) slide 15 28 September 2018 Sentinel-2: launched June 2015 and March 2017 • 2 satellites operating in twin configuration, 5-day revisit* • 13 spectral bands (VIS–NIR–SWIR spectral domains) • Spatial resolution: 10 m / 20 m / 60 m • Sun-synchronous orbit at 786 km (14.3 revolutions per day), with local time on descending node (LTDN) 10:30 AM Credit: Robert • MultiSpectral Instrument: pushbroom Simmon, NASA • 7 years design life time (up to 12 years) Sentinel-2A 19-3-2018 slide 16 28 September 2018 Sentinel-2 spectral bands overlaid with Landsat 8 OLI* bands VIS NIR SWIRSWIR VNIR Visible B1 B9 B10 Aerosols Water-vapour Cirrus 60 m B1 B5 B7 B8a Snow / ice / cloud discrimination B6 Vegetation status B7 B2 B3 B4 B5 B9 Vegetation 20 m Red-edge B6 B11 B12 B8 10 m B2 B3 B4 B8 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm *NASA Landsat Data Continuation Mission, Operational Land Imager slide 17 28 September 2018 Sentinel-2 observation scenario Regularly published online in kml format: https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/web/sentinel/missions/sentinel-2/acquisition-plans Source: Foumelis (2017) slide 18 28 September 2018 Sentinel-2 data products L2a BOA reflectances are provided now over Europe. Source: Foumelis (2017) slide 19 28 September 2018 Sentinel-2 timeliness The Payload Data Ground Segment will process all data up to Level-1C within 100 minutes after satellite downlink Level-1B and -1C products < 100 minutes Core Ground RF signal Acquisition-Schedule-Plan CGS MRF/Configuration IDP Instr. SegmentData Data Processing Reception DRX Data Data Processing Circulation Short-term rolling availability from stations Control DC DPC On-Line Quality Archive & Control Inventory OLQC AI Data < 100 minutes after station acquisition Access Gateway Queries to Monitoring DAX DAG & Control M&C DAG MSI & HKTM PDIs server MRF/Operation-Reports Centralised Processing Archiving Centre & Configuration data PDIs transparent PAC (Processing / Archiving Centre) IDP Processing Option LTA Option DAX Mirror Option access Instr. Data Data- Processing Data Long-Term Access Processing Archiving Index On-Line (backup) Quality Control Service internal circulation Control DPC LTA DAX OLQC Long-term availability from PACs Queries to Data DAX typically within a week Access Archive & Data Monitoring Gateway Inventory Circulation & Control M&C DAG AI DC PDIs DAG server & all other data Sentinel−2 products slide 20 28 September 2018 Sentinel-3: launched February 2016 and April 2018 • 7 years design life time (up to 12 years) • OLCI: 300m resolution for 21 spectral bands • Intended continuity with SPOT-VEGETATION and Proba-V • Revisit: ~1 day (with 2 satellites) Microwave Radiometer Ocean and Land Colour Instrument Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer X-band Antenna DORIS Antenna Laser SAR Radar retro- Altimeter reflector S-band Antenna slide 21 28 September 2018 Sentinel-3 mission profile Source: Foumelis (2017) slide 22 28 September 2018 Sentinel-5P TROPOMI instrument • Tropospheric monitoring instrument • Launched October 2017 NO2 distribution – 22/11/2017 Bali SO2 distribution Global CO distribution slide 23 28 September 2018 Tropomi examples Air pollution over Delhi in India was captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-5P mission on 10 November 2017. slide 24 26 July 2018 Tropomi examples First ozone retrievals of Copernicus Sentinel-5P show the closing of the ozone hole over the South Pole during November 2017. slide 25 26 July 2018 Tropomi examples Elevated absorbing aerosols – caused by fires – in the atmosphere off the west coast of the US on 12 December 2017. slide 26 26 July 2018 Sentinel data access Complete, free and open access to https://scihub.copernicus.eu/ Sentinel-1, -2 and -3 data from moment of http viewer and download, api in-orbit review. Restricted access for Copernicus Service https://cophub.copernicus.eu/ Projects For international partners with established https://inthub.copernicus.eu/ EC agreements www.creodias.eu, www.sobloo.eu, Development of cloud infrastructure www.mundiwebservices.com, Europe (DIAS) www.onda-dias.eu, www.wekeo.eu External parties USGS Earth Explorer https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ https://earthengine.google.com/ Google Earth Engine http://sentinel-pds.s3-website.eu- Amazon Web Services central-1.amazonaws.com/ slide 27 28 September 2018 Sentinel: support tools • SNAP: Sentinel Application Platform SAR toolbox (S1TBX) • Handling and post-processing of Sentinel-1 data High-resolution optical toolbox (S2TBX) • Sentinel-2 multi-spectral data processing Medium-resolution optical toolbox (S3TBX) • Sentinel-3 OLCI and SLSTR Developer forum • Requirements for the common platform • Platform roadmap • Coordinate horizontal activities Downloadable from: http://step.esa.int/main/download slide 28 28 September 2018 Copernicus services • Besides image data, some derived products are freely available • Six thematic areas: • The Land theme has four components: slide 29 28 September 2018 Copernicus Global Land Service • Vegetation products ▪ Most 300m-1km resolution ▪ Proba-V (Sentinel-3) https://land.copernicus.eu/global/ slide 30 28 September 2018 Copernicus/Sentinel: additional tools • Sen2Agri toolbox • http://www.esa-sen2agri.org/ • Based on € 1.5M ESA project ▪ Local to national operational agricultural monitoring slide 31 28 September
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