DOCSLIB.ORG

Stephen Alien Norton This Report Is Preliminary and Has Not Been

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGY OF THE WINDSOR QUADRANGELE, MASSACHUSETTS Stephen Alien Norton This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity vith Geological Survey standards or nomenclature. OPEN-FILE CONTENTS Page List of Figures v List of Tables vi i List of Plates vi i i Abstract ix Chapter I Introduction 1 Location 1 Topography 1 Method of Study 2 Acknowledgments . 3 Previous Work . 4 Chapter 11 Stratigraphy and Petrology 10 General Statement 10 Precambrian Rocks 10 General Statement 10 Stamford Granite Gneiss 13 Hinsdale Gneiss 20 General Statement 20 Petrology 21 Correlation 24 Paleozoic Metasedimentary Rocks - Eastern Sequence 25 General Statement 25 Hoosac Formation 28 General Statement 28 Albite Schist 29 Gneiss and Granulite Member 33 Garnet Schist Member 35 Quartz-muscovite-calcite Schist Member 36 Greenschist 37 Thickness 37 Age 37 Rowe Schist 38 General Statement 38 Muscovite-chlorite Schist 40 Carbonaceous Phyllite and Black Quartzite Member ' 44 Greenschist 46 Gray Phyllite and Quartzose Granulite Member 48 Thickness 48 Age 49 Stratigraphic Problems 50 I I Paleozoic Metasedimentary Rocks - Western Sequence 5^ General Statement 5^ Hoosac Formation 55 General Statement 55 Garnet Schist Member . 56 Albite Schist 56 Thickness 59 Dalton Formation 59 General Statement 59 Conglomerate Member 61 Feldspathic Granulite, Gneiss, and Quartzite 62 Massive Quartzite Member 63 Muscovite-quartz Schist 6? Thickness 68 Age 68 Cheshire Quartzite 69 General Statement 69 Petrology 70 Thickness 71 Age 72 Kitchen Brook Dolomite 72 General Statement 72 Petrology 73 Thickness 73 Age 75 Clarendon Springs Dolomite 75 General Statement 75 Petrology 75 Thickness .76 Age 76 Shelburne Marble 77 General Statement 77 Petrology 77 Thickness 77 Age 78 Bascom Formation 78 General Statement 78 Petrology 78 Thickness 78 Age 79 Berkshire Schist 79 General Statement 79 Schist and Phy11ite 81 Black Quartzite 82 Calcareous Rocks 85 Thickness 85 Age 86 Stratigraphic Problems 87 Sedimentological Significance of the Western Sequence 89 III East-West "Correlation of Paleozoic Rocks 90 Regional Correlation of Paleozoic Rocks 92 Miogeosynclina1 Rocks 9k Eugeosynclinal Rocks 9^ Intrusive Mafic Rocks 96 Chapter Ml Structural Geology 97 General Statement 97 Precambrian Structure 98 Paleozoic Structure - Folding 100 Hoosac Nappe 100 General Statement 100 Geometry 103 Other Major Folds 108 Minor Folds^ - Eastern Sequence 110 General Statement 110 First Generation Folds 110 Second Generation Folds 112 Third Generation Folds . 113 Summary 1 \k Minor Folds - Northwestern Part of the Quadrangle 115 Minor Folds - Southwestern Part of the Quadrangle 116 Linear Features " 117 Rolled Porphyroblasts 118 Generation of S-Surfaces and Their Preservation 119 Joints and Cleavage 121 Paleozoic Structure - Faults 121 Hoosic Thrust , 121 Mi'nor Faults 12*f Alternative Interpretation of the Structure 125 Age of the Deformat.ion . 129 Chapter IV Mineralogy 131 General Statement 131 Garnet 132 Biotite ' l*tl Chlorite I*t8 Muscovite and Paragonite 1^8 Albite 171 Chapter V Metamorphism . 172 Paleozoic Metamorphism 172 General Statement 172 Metamorphism of the Pelitic Rocks 172 A-F-M Projection 172 Al 20^-KA102 -NaA102 Projection 175 IV Metamorphism of Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks 177 .Retrograde Metamorphism . 177 Precambrian Metamorphism 180 Conditions of Metamorphism 185 Temperature 185 Pressure 191 Chapter VI Economic Geology 193 Talc 193 Ornamental Stone 19^ Lime 195 Glass Sand 195 Crushed Quartzite 195 Graphite 196 Sand and Gravel 197 Chapter VII Geologic History 198 References 201 LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1 Index to recent geologic mapping in northwestern Massachusetts, southern Vermont, and southwestern New Hampshire. 6 2 Regional geologic map of southern Vermont northwestern Massachusetts. 11 3 Location of specimens for which modes are given in tables. 18 k Strat igraphic column for the Windsor quadrangle, Massachusetts. 26 5- Interbedded flaggy granulite and massive quartzite in the Dalton Formation. 66 6 Correlation of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. 93 7 Orthographic block diagram of the structure of Hoosac Mountain. 105 8 Development of minor folds in the Windsor quadrangle. 1 1 1 9 Development of sigmoid distribution of inclusions in porphy roblasts . 120 10 Poles of joints and cleavage. 122 11 Contours for Hneations. 122 « 12 Geologic map of the northwestern part of the quadrangle based on alternative struc­ tural interpretations. 127 13 Location of specimens for garnet, biotite, chlorite, muscovite, and paragonite deter­ minations. 133 1^. Relation between composition, index of re­ fraction, and unit cell dimensions of garnet. 135 15 Relation between index of refraction and composition of biotite. VI 16 Relation between index of refraction and Fe+2/(Fe+2 + Mg+2 ) ratios of chlorite. - 17 Approximate Fe+2/(Fe+2 + Mg+2 ) ratios for coexisting phases. 153 18 Fe+2/(Fe+2 + Mg+2 ) ratios for all measured garnets, chlorite, and biotite. '9 d (°02 > muscovite and d (°02 >paragonite for investigated pairs. 165 20 Contours for d(002) and o indices in the ternary margarite (CaAl ^Si _OjQ(OH)-)-muscovi te (KAl 3 Si 3 0 ]0 (OH) 2 )-paragonite (NaAl 3 $i 3 - 0 10 (OH) 2 ). 167 21 Relation between d(002) . and mole fraction of paragonite. mi ca 170 22 Assemblages in Thompson's A-F-M projection found in the Windsor quadrangle, Massachu- . setts. 17^ 23 Assemblages found in the Windsor quadrangle, Massachusetts in the system A1 9 0.,-KA107 - NaA102 -Si02 -H20). ' L * L 176 2k Isothermal section through the ternary margar i te-muscovi te-paragbni te. 187 25 Relation between temperature and d(002) for muscovite coexisting with paragonite. 189 26 Relation between d(002) muscov! te and d(002) paragonite with limits of metamor- phic zones. 190 VI I LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Estimated modes for the Stamford Granite Gneiss and Hinsdale Gneiss. 15 2 Estimated modes for the Hoosac Formation - eastern sequence. 30 3 Estimated modes for-the Rowe Schist. *fl *f Estimated modes for the Hoosac Formation - western sequence. 57 5 Estimated modes for the Da 1 ton Formation and Cheshire Quartzite. 6k 6 Estimated modes for the carbonate rocks. 7^ 7 Estimated modes for the Berkshire Schist. 83 8 Abbreviations. 137 9 Tabulation of garnet data. 138 10 Tabulation of biotite data. 1^5 11 Tabulation of chlorite data. 150 12 d-spacing (002) for muscovite-paragonite pairs. 157 13 Muscovite-paragonite data. 158 ]k Muscovite and paragonite data. 161 15 Index of refraction for paragonite. 169 16 Assemblages from mafic and ultramafic rocks in the Hinsdale Gneiss and Rowe Schist, Windsor quadrangle, Massachusetts. 178 17 Assemblages from mafic rocks from the Hinsdale Gneiss, Windsor quadrangle, Massa­ chusetts. 183 18 Assemblages from calcium-rich rocks from the Hinsdale Gneiss, Windsor quadrangle, Massachusetts. VIII LIST OF PLATES Plate 1 Geologic map of the Windsor quadrangle, Massachusetts. in pocket 2 Cross-sections of the Windsor quadrangle, Massachusetts. Cross-sect on A-A 1 east-west Cross-sect on B-B 1 east-west Cross-sect on C-C 1 east-west Cross-sect on D-D 1 east-west Cross^-sect on E-E 1 north-south. in pocket 3 Axial surfaces in the Windsor quadrangle, Massachusetts. in pocket k Lineations in the Windsor quadrangle, Massachusetts. in pocket 5 Tectonic features in the Windsor quadrang le, Massachusetts . in pocket ABSTRACT The Windsor quadrangle lies on the boundary between the eugeosynclina1 and miogeosynclina1 rocks of the Appa­ lachian geosyncline on the western flank of the metamorphic high in western New England. Precambrian rocks crop out in a north-trending belt in the central part of the quadrangle. They have been classified into 2 formations. The Stamford Granite Gneiss i crops out in the eastern half of the Precambrian terrane. It is a microcline-quartz-biotite augen gneiss. Stratified Precambrian rocks (the Hinsdale Gneiss) crop out entirely to the west of the Stamford Granite Gneiss. Thet are predominant­ ly highly metamorphosed felsic gneisses and quartzites with minor calc-silicate rock, amphibolite, and graphitic gneiss. Eugeosynclina1 rocks (the Hoosac Formation and the Rowe Schist), ranging in age from Lower Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, crop out in a north-trending belt east of the Precambrian terrane. They are composed predominantly of albite schist and muscovite-chlorite schist with minor garnet schist, quartz-muscovite-caleite schist, felsic granulite and gneiss, quartzite, greenschist, and carbonaceous phyllite and schist. West of the Precambrian rocks, the Hoosac Formation, is overlain by a miogeosynclina1 sequence (the Dalton Formation, Cheshire Quartzite, Kitchen Brook Dolomite, Clarendon Springs Dolomite, Shelburne Marble, and the Bascom Formation) ranging in age from Lower Cambrian to Lower Ordovician. These rocks are unconformably overlain by the Berkshire Schist of Middle Ordovician age that is composed of carbonaceous schist, phyllite, and quartzite. The relationships in the zone of transition between the miogeosynclina1 and eugeosynclina1 rocks are unknown because the rocks of this zone are no longer present. The contact between the eugeosynclina1 Hoosac Formation and the Da 1 ton Formation is conformable and apparently represents continuous depos i t ion. The dominant structure is a large recumbent, north- plunging, west-facing anticline (the Hoosac nappe) with a Precambrian core. The miogeosynclina1 rocks are inverted in the northwestern part of the quadrangle and upright in the southwestern part of
Recommended publications
  • Mineral Industries and Geology of Certain Areas

    Mineral Industries and Geology of Certain Areas

    REPORT -->/ OF TFIE STATE GEOLOGIST ON THE S 7 (9 Mineral Industries and Geology 12 of Certain Areas OF -o VERMONT. 'I 6 '4 4 7 THIRD OF THIS SERIES, 1901-1902. 4 0 4 S GEORGE H. PERKINS, Ph. D., 2 5 State Geologist and Professor of Geology, University of Vermont 7 8 9 0 2 4 9 1 T. B. LYON C0MI'ANV, I'RINTERS, ALILiNY, New VORK. 1902. CONTENTS. PG K 1NTRODFCTION 5 SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF ZADOCK THOMPSON, G. H. Perkins ----------------- 7 LIST OF OFFICIAL REPORTS ON VERMONT GEOLOGY ----------------- -- -- ----- 14 LIST OF OTHER PUBLICATIONS ON VERMONT GEOLOGY ------- - ---------- ----- 19 SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF AUGUSTUS WING, H. M. Seely -------------------- -- 22 REPORT ON MINERAL INDUSTRIES, G. H. Perkins ............................ 35 Metallic Products ------------------------------------------------------ 32 U seful Minerals ------------------------------------------------------- 35 Building and Ornamental Stone ----------------------------------------- 40 THE GRANITE AREA OF BAItRE, G. I. Finlay------------------------------ --- 46 Topography and Surface Geology ------------------------------------ - -- 46 General Geology, Petrography of the Schists -------------------------- - -- 48 Description and Petrography of Granite Areas ----------------------------51 THE TERRANES OF ORANGE COUNTY, VERMONT, C. H. Richardson ------------ 6i Topography---------------------------- -............................. 6z Chemistry ------------------------------------------------------------66 Geology --------------------------------------------------------------
  • 7 X 11 Long.P65

    7 X 11 Long.P65

    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-74583-3 - Structural Geology: An Introduction to Geometrical Techniques, Fourth Edition Donal M. Ragan Frontmatter More information STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY An Introduction to Geometrical Techniques fourth edition Many textbooks describe information and theories about the Earth without training students to utilize real data to answer basic geological questions. This volume – a combi- nation of text and lab book – presents an entirely different approach to structural geology. Designed for undergraduate laboratory classes, it is dedicated to helping students solve many of the geometrical problems that arise from field observations. The basic approach is to supply step-by-step instructions to guide students through the methods, which include well-established techniques as well as more cutting-edge approaches. Particular emphasis is given to graphical methods and visualization techniques, intended to support students in tackling traditionally challenging two- and three-dimensional problems. Exer- cises at the end of each chapter provide students with practice in using the techniques, and demonstrate how observations and measurements from the field can be converted into useful information about geological structures and the processes responsible for creating them. Building on the success of previous editions, this fourth edition has been brought fully up-to-date and incorporates new material on stress, deformation, strain and flow. Also new to this edition are a chapter on the underlying mathematics and discussions of uncertainties associated with particular types of measurement. With stereonet plots and full solutions to the exercises available online at www.cambridge.org/ragan, this book is a key resource for undergraduate students as well as more advanced students and researchers wanting to improve their practical skills in structural geology.
  • Solis Catherine 202006 MAS Thesis.Pdf

    Solis Catherine 202006 MAS Thesis.Pdf

    An Investigation of Display Shapes and Projections for Supporting Spatial Visualization Using a Virtual Overhead Map by Catherine Solis A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering University of Toronto c Copyright 2020 by Catherine Solis Abstract An Investigation of Display Shapes and Projections for Supporting Spatial Visualization Using a Virtual Overhead Map Catherine Solis Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering University of Toronto 2020 A novel map display paradigm named \SkyMap" has been introduced to reduce the cognitive effort associated with using map displays for wayfinding and navigation activities. Proposed benefits include its overhead position, large scale, and alignment with the mapped environment below. This thesis investigates the substantiation of these benefits by comparing a conventional heads-down display to flat and domed SkyMap implementations through a spatial visualization task. A within-subjects study was conducted in a virtual reality simulation of an urban environment, in which participants indicated on a map display the perceived location of a landmark seen in their environment. The results showed that accuracy at this task was greater with a flat SkyMap, and domes with stereographic and equidistant projections, than with a heads-down map. These findings confirm the proposed benefits of SkyMap, yield important design implications, and inform future research. ii Acknowledgements Firstly, I'd like to thank my supervisor Paul Milgram for his patience and guidance over these past two and a half years. I genuinely marvel at his capacity to consistently challenge me to improve as a scholar and yet simultaneously show nothing but the utmost confidence in my abilities.
  • The Position of Madagascar Within Gondwana and Its Movements During Gondwana Dispersal ⇑ Colin Reeves

    The Position of Madagascar Within Gondwana and Its Movements During Gondwana Dispersal ⇑ Colin Reeves

    Journal of African Earth Sciences xxx (2013) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of African Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci The position of Madagascar within Gondwana and its movements during Gondwana dispersal ⇑ Colin Reeves Earthworks BV, Achterom 41A, 2611 PL Delft, The Netherlands article info abstract Article history: A reassembly of the Precambrian fragments of central Gondwana is presented that is a refinement of a Available online xxxx tight reassembly published earlier. Fragments are matched with conjugate sides parallel as far as possible and at a distance of 60–120 km from each other. With this amount of Precambrian crust now stretched Keywords: into rifts and passive margins, a fit for all the pieces neighbouring Madagascar – East Africa, Somalia, the Madagascar Seychelles, India, Sri Lanka and Mozambique – may be made without inelegant overlap or underlap. This Gondwana works less well for wider de-stretched margins on such small fragments. A model of Gondwana dispersal Aeromagnetics is also developed, working backwards in time from the present day, confining the relative movements of Indian Ocean the major fragments – Africa, Antarctica and India – such that ocean fracture zones collapse back into Dykes themselves until each ridge-reorganisation is encountered. The movements of Antarctica with respect to Africa and of India with respect to Antarctica are defined in this way by a limited number of interval poles to achieve the Gondwana ‘fit’ situation described above. The ‘fit’ offers persuasive alignments of structural and lithologic features from Madagascar to its neighbours. The dispersal model helps describe the evolution of Madagascar’s passive margins and the role of the Madagascar Rise as a microplate in the India–Africa–Antarctica triple junction.
  • Salinic to Neoacadian Deformation Within the Migmatite Zone of the Central Maine Belt in Western Maine Erik James Divan Bates College, Edivan@Bates.Edu

    Salinic to Neoacadian Deformation Within the Migmatite Zone of the Central Maine Belt in Western Maine Erik James Divan Bates College, [email protected]

    Bates College SCARAB Standard Theses Student Scholarship 5-2017 Salinic to Neoacadian Deformation within the Migmatite Zone of the Central Maine Belt in Western Maine Erik James Divan Bates College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scarab.bates.edu/geology_theses Recommended Citation Divan, Erik James, "Salinic to Neoacadian Deformation within the Migmatite Zone of the Central Maine Belt in Western Maine" (2017). Standard Theses. 32. http://scarab.bates.edu/geology_theses/32 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at SCARAB. It has been accepted for inclusion in Standard Theses by an authorized administrator of SCARAB. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Salinic to Neoacadian Deformation within the Migmatite Zone of the Central Maine Belt in Western Maine Bates College Department of Geology Departmental Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Geology, Bates College, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By Erik James Divan Lewiston, Maine April 7th, 2017 i SALINIC TO NEOACADIAN DEFORMATION WITHIN THE MIGMATITE ZONE OF THE CENTRAL MAINE BELT IN WESTERN MAINE Divan, Erik, J, Wheatcroft, Audrey, Eusden, Dykstra, Geology, Bates College, 44 Campus Ave, Lewiston, ME 04240, [email protected] Detailed bedrock mapping coupled with new geochronology in the southern part of the Gilead 7.5’ Quadrangle in Western Maine has revealed at least three phases of Salinic through Neoacadian deformation. The geology of the study area is dominated by the migmatized Silurian Rangeley, Perry Mtn. (?), and Smalls Falls Formations of the Central Maine Belt (CMB), which are intruded by quartz diorites from the Piscataquis Volcanic Arc, two-mica granites, and pegmatite.
  • Determine Strike and Dip from Two Apparent Dips

    Determine Strike and Dip from Two Apparent Dips

    Structural geology - third year Geometrical Projection: Finding True Dip Lab.No.6 /11/2020 True dip: maximum dip angle of a plane measured in vertical section perpendicular to the strike line. Determine strike and dip from two apparent dips Example: A fault trace is exposed in two adjacent cliff faces. In one wall the apparent dip is15°, S50°E, and in the other it is 28°, N45°E (Fig.1-a).What is the strike and dip of the fault plane? Solution: (Fig.1-b) 1-Use the two trend lines, OA and OC, as fold lines .Also, use a vertical line of arbitrary length d. Draw the two trend lines in plan view. 2-From the junction of these two lines (point O) draw apparent dip angle α1 and α2. 3-Draw a line of length (d=h) perpendicular to each of the trend lines to form the triangle COZ and AOX. The value of d must always be drawn exactly the same length because it represents the depth to the layer along any strike line. 4- Triangles COZ and AOX Folded up into plan view with the two apparent-dip trend lines used as fold lines. In Fig.1-b, line AC is horizontal and parallel to the fault plane; therefore it defines the fault's strike. 5-Line OB is then plotted perpendicular to line AC; it represents the direction of true dip. 6-Using line OB as a fold line, triangle BOY (Fig.1-b) can be projected into the horizontal plane, again using length d to set the position of point Y.
  • Geologic Resources Inventory Report, Weir

    Geologic Resources Inventory Report, Weir

    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Weir Farm National Historic Site Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/GRD/NRR—2012/487 ON THE COVER View of Julian Alden Weir’s studio in Weir Farm National Historic Site. Rock outcrops, such as those in the foreground, are common throughout the park. The bedrock beneath the park is ancient sea floor sediments that were accreted onto North America, hundreds of millions of years ago. They were deformed and metamorphosed during the construction of the Appalachian Mountains. Photograph by Peter Margonelli, courtesy Allison Herrmann (Weir Farm NHS). THIS PAGE The landscape of the park has inspired artists en plein air for more than 125 years. National Park Service photograph available online: http://www.nps.gov/wefa/photosmultimedia/index.htm (accessed 20 January 2012). Weir Farm National Historic Site Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/GRD/NRR—2012/487 National Park Service Geologic Resources Division PO Box 25287 Denver, CO 80225 January 2012 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application.
  • Using Palaeomagnetism to Determine Late Mesoproterozoic Palaeogeographic History and Tectonic Relations of the Sinclair Terrane, Namaqua Orogen, Namibia

    Using Palaeomagnetism to Determine Late Mesoproterozoic Palaeogeographic History and Tectonic Relations of the Sinclair Terrane, Namaqua Orogen, Namibia

    Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by AJS on May 1, 2016 Using palaeomagnetism to determine late Mesoproterozoic palaeogeographic history and tectonic relations of the Sinclair terrane, Namaqua orogen, Namibia J. E. PANZIK1,2*, D. A. D. EVANS1, J. J. KASBOHM3, R. HANSON4, W. GOSE5 & J. DESORMEAU6 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, 210 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA 2Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, 1412 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA 3Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA 4School of Geology, Energy, and the Environment, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298830, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA 5Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2275 Speedway Stop C9000, Austin, TX 78712, USA 6Geological Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA *Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: The Sinclair terrane is an important part of the Namaqua orogenic province in southern Namibia containing well-preserved Mesoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary successions suitable for palaeomagnetic and geochronological studies. The Guperas Formation in the upper part of the Sin- clair stratigraphic assemblage contains both volcanic and sedimentary rocks cut by a bimodal dyke swarm with felsic members dated herein by U–Pb on zircon at c. 1105 Ma. Guperas igneous rocks yield a pre-fold direction and palaeomagnetic pole similar to that previously reported. Guperas sedimentary rocks yield positive conglomerate and fold tests, with a maximum concentration of characteristic remanence directions at 100% untilting. The combined Guperas data generate a palaeomagnetic pole of 69.88 N, 004.18 E(A95 ¼ 7.48, N ¼ 9).
  • Lab 01: Orientations of Lines & Planes

    Lab 01: Orientations of Lines & Planes

    GG303 Lab 1 9/10/03 1 ORIENTATIONS OF LINES AND PLANES IN SPACE I Main Topics A Definitions of points, lines, and planes B Geologic methods for describing lines and planes C Attitude symbols for geologic maps D Reference Frames II Definitions of points, lines, and planes A Point 1 Defined by one set of coordinates (an ordered triple in 3-D) 2 Defined by distance and direction from a reference point 3 Intersection of two lines 4 Intersection of three planes B Line 1 Defined by two sets of coordinates 2 Defined by two points 3 Defined by distance from a reference point and the direction of the line Direction Reference point 4 Intersection of two planes C Plane 1 Defined by three sets of coordinates 2 Defined by three points 3 Defined by distance and direction from a reference point Plane (edge view) Direction of line normal to d plane Reference point 4 Defined by two intersecting or two parallel lines Stephen Martel Lab1-1 University of Hawaii GG303 Lab 1 9/10/03 2 III Geologic methods for describing lines and planes A Orientations of lines 1 Trend & plunge a Trend: Direction (azimuth) of a vertical plane containing the line of interest. i Azimuth (compass bearing): direction of a horizontal line contained in a vertical plane. Measured by quadrant or (°). Examples: N90°E, N90°W, S90°W, 270°. ii The trend "points" in the direction a line plunges b Plunge: The inclination of a line below the horizontal 2 Pitch (or rake): the angle, measured in a plane of specified orientation, between one line and a horizontal line (see handout) B Orientations of planes 1 Orientation of two intersecting lines in the plane Strike & dip a Strike: direction of the line of intersection between an inclined plane and a horizontal plane (e.g., a lake); b Dip: inclination of a plane below the horizontal; 0°≤dip≤90° c The azimuth directions of strike and dip are perpendicular d Good idea to specify the direction of dip to eliminate ambiguity, but right hand rule (see handout) can also be used.
  • SUBSURFACE EXPLORATIONS the Geology of the New England Area

    SUBSURFACE EXPLORATIONS the Geology of the New England Area

    SUBSURFACE EXPLORATIONS The Geology of the New England Area By David Adilman, P.G. Russell Abell, P.G. September 30, 2013 www.nps.gov/acad University of Massachusetts School of Engineering ASCE Lecture In conjunction with 14.533 Advanced Foundation Engineering class Agenda 1. ASCE Student Chapter and AFE 14.533 Class New England Bedrock Geology Overview Bedrock Geology 101 General Geologic Terranes in New England General Bedrock Types in New England 2. AFE 14.533 Class Rock Core Viewing New England Surficial Geology Overview Unconsolidated Material (Overburden) Types Typical Overburden Stratigraphic Sequences Examples of Applied Subsurface Evaluation 2 Geology 101 – A Recap Three Rock Types: • Igneous • Metamorphic • Sedimentary (Skehan, 2003) 3 Igneous Rock Types Extrusive Intrusive http://dept.astro.lsa.umich.edu/~ cowley/intro2.html 4 Regional Metamorphic Rocks – Shale Protolith Lineation, Schistosity, Foliation http://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol100/lectures/17.html 5 Slate Phyllite Gneiss Schist http://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol100/lectures/17.html 6 Sedimentary Rock Types http://www.rocksandminerals4u.com/sedimentary_rock.html 7 St. Lawrence Valley Physiographic Adirondacks Regions of the Northeastern U.S. (Adapted from Wikipedia, 2010) 8 Tectonic History of Eastern North America Van Diver, 1987 9 Chronology of MA Geologic Events Glacial Advance/Retreat Failed Rift Basins Alleghanian Orogeny Acadian Orogeny Taconic Orogeny Grenville Uplift (Skehan, 2003) 10 11 12 General MA Bedrock Geology (From OSMG website, 2010)
  • Fall Foliage Rides

    Fall Foliage Rides

    MagazineMagazine ofof thethe NewNew EnglandEngland MountainMountain BikeBike AssociationAssociation SSingleingleTTrackrackSS OOccttoobbeerr // NNoovveemmbbeerr,, NNuummbbeerr 5588 wwwwww..nneemmbbaa..oorrgg New England’s Best Fall Foliage Rides 2 SSingleingleTTrackS October / November 2001, Number 58 NEMBA, the New England Mountain Bike Association, is a not-for-profit 501 (c) (3) organization dedicated to promoting trail The terrorist attacks against our country and the great sadness that we feel access, maintaining trails open for mountain for the untold loss of innocent life has made this a difficult issue of bicyclists, and educating mountain bicyclists SingleTracks to crank out. Paling in contast to the enormity of the dangers to use these trails sensitively and responsibly. and suffering facing our nation and the world, mountain biking is small and insignificant. However, we should all seek to make the world a better and kinder place through whatever SingleTracks is published six times a year by the New England Mountain Bike Association means possible. Indeed, it is the small things in life which provide meaning and value to for the trail community, and is made possible the whole. It is a gloriaous planet: ride it, cherish it and help make it a more peaceful place. by riders like you. —Philip Keyes ©SingleTracks Making the Trails a Better Place Editor & Publisher: Philip Keyes 11 Singletracks Committee: Bill Boles, Krisztina NEMBA means trails. As a user group, we donate Holly, Nanyee Keyes, and Mary Tunnicliffe 1000s of hours each year to improve the trails. Executive Director: Philip Keyes Here’s a park by park, blow by blow of what NEMBA Letters/Submissions: is doing.
  • Hazard Mitigation Plan

    Hazard Mitigation Plan

    Source: Wikimedia Town of Savoy, MA HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN April 2021 Prepared by: westonandsampson.com SAVOY, MA Hazard Mitigation Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................1-1 1.1 What is a Hazard Mitigation Plan?............................................................................1-1 1.2 Hazard Mitigation Planning in Savoy ........................................................................1-2 1.3 Planning Process Summary .....................................................................................1-3 1.3.1 Core Team ...........................................................................................................1-3 1.3.2 Stakeholder Involvement ......................................................................................1-5 1.3.3 Plan Layout ..........................................................................................................1-5 1.4 Planning Timeline.....................................................................................................1-5 2.0 HAZARD MITIGATION GOALS ...................................................................................2-6 3.0 COMMUNITY PROFILE, LAND USE, AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS.......................3-1 3.1 Community Profile ....................................................................................................3-1 3.2 Land Use..................................................................................................................3-4