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Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment for the Deerfield River Watershed

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Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment for the Deerfield River Watershed Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment for the Deerfield River Watershed Section 604(b) Project Number 04-02/604 Prepared by the Franklin Regional Council of Governments Prepared for the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs Ian A. Bowles, Secretary Department of Environmental Protection Laurie Burt, Commissioner Bureau of Resource Protection Glenn Hass, Acting Assistant Commissioner Division of Municipal Services Steven J. McCurdy, Director June 2008 This project has been financed partially with Federal Funds from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (the Department) under a s.604(b) Water Quality Management Planning Grant. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of EPA or of the Department, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment for the Deerfield River Watershed Prepared by the Franklin Regional Council of Governments Planning Department Peggy Sloan, Director of Planning and Development Kimberly Noake MacPhee, P.G., Natural Resources Program Manager Ryan Clary, Senior GIS Specialist Whitty Sanford, Assistant Planner Franklin Regional Council of Governments 425 Main Street, Greenfield, MA 01301 413-774-3167 www.frcog.org Table of Contents Executive Summary................................................................................................................ ES-1 Section 1 – Project Background................................................................................................ 1-1 A. General Watershed Characteristics......................................................................... 1-1 B. Project Approach.................................................................................................... 1-6 Section 2 – Potential Sources of Nonpoint Pollution............................................................... 2-1 A. Road Runoff............................................................................................................ 2-1 B. Sand and Gravel Operations ................................................................................... 2-1 C. River Bank Erosion................................................................................................. 2-2 D. Silviculture.............................................................................................................. 2-2 E. Underground and Above Ground Storage Tanks.................................................... 2-2 F. Hazardous Materials Use and Storage .................................................................... 2-6 G. Hazardous Waste and Brownfields....................................................................... 2-11 H. Landfills and Transfer Stations............................................................................. 2-16 I. Illegal Dump Sites and Auto Junkyards................................................................ 2-24 J. Road Salt Storage, Application Practices and Snow Dumping Areas.................. 2-24 K. Septic Systems ...................................................................................................... 2-26 L. Large Groundwater Discharges ............................................................................ 2-27 M. Stormwater and Surface Water Discharges .......................................................... 2-27 N. Agriculture ............................................................................................................ 2-32 Section 3 – Overview of Subwatersheds................................................................................... 3-1 A. Chickley River Watershed ...................................................................................... 3-1 B. South River Watershed ......................................................................................... 3-31 C. North River Watershed ......................................................................................... 3-88 D. Green River Watershed....................................................................................... 3-136 E. Deerfield River Corridor Segments 1 and 2 ....................................................... 3-158 Section 4 – Nonpoint Source Action Plan ................................................................................ 4-1 A. Priority Nonpoint Pollution Problems .................................................................... 4-1 B. Nonpoint Pollution Issues and Recommendations ............................................... 4-11 C. Nonpoint Pollution Action Plan Matrix................................................................ 4-25 List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. ii List of Figures............................................................................................................................... iii List of Maps.................................................................................................................................. iv Appendix A – Stream Team Survey Forms Appendix B – Rural Roads Assessment for the Chickley River Watershed (bound as a separate document) Appendix C – QAPP and Water Quality Monitoring Reports i List of Tables Table 1-1 Public Water Supplies in the Project Area Towns............................................ 1-2 Table 1-2 MA Year 2002 Integrated List of Waters – Category 5 Waters ....................... 1-5 Table 1-3 MA Year 2006 Integrated List of Waters – Category 5 Waters ....................... 1-6 Table 2-1 Summary of EOPSS Database.......................................................................... 2-3 Table 2-2 UST for the Deerfield River Watershed from MassGIS Database................... 2-4 Table 2-3 List of Gas Stations in the Project Study Area ................................................. 2-6 Table 2-4 Facility List from the Toxics Use Reduction Institute On-line Database......... 2-8 Table 2-5 Summary of Information Available from the Envirofacts Database for the Project Study Area .................................................................................... 2-13 Table 2-6 Brownfields Sites and 21E Hazardous Waste Sites in the Project Study Area................................................................................................................. 2-15 Table 2-7 Summary of Historic Landfills in the Project Study Area.............................. 2-18 Table 2-8 Transfer Stations in the Project Study Area.................................................... 2-21 Table 2-9 Summary of Inactive and Closed Landfills in the Project Study Area........... 2-22 Table 2-10 Winter Road Maintenance Practices............................................................... 2-25 Table 2-11 NPDES Facility Information........................................................................... 2-31 Table 2-12 Acreage of Land in Agricultural Use in the Project Study Area .................... 2-32 Table 2-13 Locations, Numbers and Type of Livestock in the Project Study Area.......... 2-33 Table 3-1 Land Use Statistics for the Chickley River Subwatershed ............................... 3-4 Table 3-2 Stream Team Pipe Survey Results – Chickley River...................................... 3-27 Table 3-3 Results of 2005 Bacteria Sampling in the Chickley River ............................. 3-28 Table 3-4 Results of 2006 Bacteria Sampling in the Chickley River ............................. 3-29 Table 3-5 Land Use Statistics for the South River Subwatershed .................................. 3-33 Table 3-6 Stream Team Pipe Survey for the South River............................................... 3-72 Table 3-7 Results of 2005 Bacteria Sampling in the South River................................... 3-76 Table 3-8 Results of 2006 Bacteria Sampling in the South River................................... 3-78 Table 3-9 Results of 2007 Bacteria Sampling in the South River................................... 3-85 Table 3-10 Land Use Statistics for the North River Subwatershed .................................. 3-91 Table 3-11 Stream Team Pipe Survey for the North River............................................. 3-130 Table 3-12 Results of 2005 Bacteria Sampling in the North River................................. 3-131 Table 3-13 Results of 2006 Bacteria Sampling in the North River................................. 3-132 ii Table 3-14 Results of 2007 Bacteria Sampling in the North River................................. 3-135 Table 3-15 Land Use Statistics for the Green River Subwatershed................................ 3-139 Table 3-16 Land Use Statistics for the Deerfield River Corridor Segments 1 & 2......... 3-164 Table 4-1 Nonpoint Source Pollution Action Plan Matrix.............................................. 4-25 List of Figures Figure 3-1 Results of 2005 Bacteria Sampling in the Chickley River ............................ 3-30 Figure 3-2 Results of 2006 Bacteria Sampling in the Chickley River ............................. 3-30 Figure 3-3 Results of 2005 Bacteria Sampling in the South River................................... 3-76 Figure 3-4 Results of 2006 Bacteria Sampling in the South River................................... 3-79 Figure 3-5 Results of 2007 Bacteria Sampling in the South River, Stations 001-004D.........................................................................................
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