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The Apsidal Temple of Taxila
T HE THE APSIDAL TEMPLE OF TAXILA: A TRADITIONAL HYPOTHESIS AND PSIDA L POSSIBLE NEW INTERPRETATIONS T EMP L E Luca Colliva O F T AXI L A The so called ‘apsidal temple’ of Sirkap is an imposing building belonging, according to Marshall, : T RADI to the Indo-Parthian period (Figure 1) (Marshall 1951, 150-151). It is built over an artificial terrace T facing the main street in the northern part of the town and was brought to light by John Marshall at IONA th the beginning of the last century after some minor excavations during the 19 century. Unlike his L H predecessors, who were very doubtful about its nature (Cunningham 1871, 126-128), Marshall identified YPO T this building as a Buddhist gr. ha-stūpa (Marshall 1930, 111; Marshall 1951, 150); this interpretation HESIS has indeed never been questioned and is accepted, also, in the last study on urban form in Taxila A (Coningham & Edwards 1998, 50). ND However, we cannot deem this attribution certain. No traces are detectable of the main stūpa P OSSIB Marshall recognises in the ‘circular room’ (Marshall 1951, 151). Besides, what Marshall describes as L E two additional stūpas are nothing but scanty remains of foundations belonging to two monuments N of uncertain nature. As I already pointed out in a more exhaustive way (Colliva in press), Marshall EW I was probably convinced that the apsidal shape of this building was enough to identify it as a N T Buddhist caitya. The discovery at Sonkh of an apsidal-shaped temple, probably dedicated to a nāga ERPRE cult, shows, on the contrary, that non-Buddhist religious buildings with an apsidal plan occur in T A T periods chronologically consistent with that of the “apsidal temple” of Sirkap (Härtel 1970; Härtel IONS 1993). -
Federal PSDP 2018-19 Releases As on 21-12-2018 (Million Rupees)
Federal PSDP 2018-19 Releases as on 21-12-2018 (Million Rupees) Name of Project Cost Expenditure Throw- Allocation 2018-19 Releases Upto June forward (Rupee Total Foreign Rupees Foreign Total 2018 Component) Aid Aid AVIATION DIVISION 1Airport Security Force (ASF) 2,586.9 0.0 1,726.3 860.6 859.690 0.000 859.690 343.880 Accommodation at New Islamabad International Airport (Revised) 2Construction of Rain Water 2,228.0 0.0 1,920.7 307.3 307.260 0.000 307.260 70.000 Harvesting Kasana Dam, Islamabad 3Construction of Single Barrack at 38.5 0.0 21.4 17.1 17.120 0.000 17.120 6.848 DG Khan Airport 4Construction of Single Barrack for 17.1 0.0 17.0 0.1 0.100 0.000 0.100 0.040 36 ASF Personnel alongwith OC Residence at Moen-jo-Daro Airport 5Establishment of Flood Forecasting 230.0 0.0 180.0 50.0 50.000 0.000 50.000 0.000 & Warning System for Kalpani Nullah Basin, Mardan (KPK) 6Establishment of Specialized 2,502.5 2,441.0 2,487.0 15.5 3.532 81.000 84.532 1.400 Medium Range Weather Forecasting Centre (SMRFC) and Strengthening of Weather Forecasting System 7Installation of Weather Surveillance 1,580.0 1,542.0 108.0 1,472.0 15.000 446.000 461.000 5.000 Radar at Karachi in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 8 New Gwadar International Airport, 22,247.5 2,751.1 1,053.7 21,193.8 800.000 1,000.000 1800.000 Gwadar 9Reverse Linkage Project Between 101.0 30.0 8.2 92.8 31.830 10.975 42.805 12.732 Pakistan Meteorological Department and Marmara Research Centre(MRC), Turkey 10Installation of Weather Surveillance 1,842.0 1,720.0 0.0 1,842.0 9.000 20.000 29.000 3.600 -
Phase Iii Architecture and Sculpture from Taxila 6.1
CHAPTER SIX PHASE III ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE FROM TAXILA 6.1 Introduction to the Phase III Developments in the Sacred Areas and Afonasteries ef Taxila and the Peshawar Basin A dramatic increase in patronage occurred across the Peshawar basin, Taxila, and Swat during phase III; most of the extant remains in these regions were constructed at this time. As devotional icons of Buddhas and bodhisattvas became increasingly popular, parallel trans formations occurred in the sacred areas, which still remained focused around relic stupas. In the Peshawar basin, Taxila, and to a lesser degree Swat, the widespread incorporation of large iconic images clearly reflects changes occurring in Buddhist practice. Although it is difficult to know how the sacred precincts were ritually used, modifications in the spatial organization of both sacred areas and monasteries provide some insight. Not surprisingly, the use and incorporation of devotional images developed regionally. The most dramatic shift toward icons is observed in the Peshawar basin and some of the Taxila sites. In contrast, Swat seemed to follow a different pattern, as fewer image shrines were fabricated and sacred areas were organized along different lines. This might reflect a lack of patronage; perhaps new sites following the Peshawar basin format were not commissioned because of a lack of resources. More likely, the Buddhist tradition in Swat was of a different character; some sites-notably Butkara I-show significant expansion following a uniquely Swati format. At a few sites in Swat, however, image shrines appear in positions analogous to those of the Peshawar basin; Nimogram and Saidu (figs. 109, 104) arc notable examples. -
World Bank Document
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (EA) AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Public Disclosure Authorized PUNJAB EDUCATION SECTOR REFORMS PROGRAM-II (PESRP-II) Public Disclosure Authorized PROGRAM DIRECTOR PUNJAB EDUCATION SECTOR REFORMS PROGRAM (PESRP) SCHOOL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB Tel: +92 42 923 2289~95 Fax: +92 42 923 2290 url: http://pesrp.punjab.gov.pk email: [email protected] Public Disclosure Authorized Revised and Updated for PERSP-II February 2012 Public Disclosure Authorized DISCLAIMER This environmental and social assessment report of the activities of the Punjab Education Sector Reforms Program of the Government of the Punjab, which were considered to impact the environment, has been prepared in compliance to the Environmental laws of Pakistan and in conformity to the Operational Policy Guidelines of the World Bank. The report is Program specific and of limited liability and applicability only to the extent of the physical activities under the PESRP. All rights are reserved with the study proponent (the Program Director, PMIU, PESRP) and the environmental consultant (Environs, Lahore). No part of this report can be reproduced, copied, published, transcribed in any manner, or cited in a context different from the purpose for which it has been prepared, except with prior permission of the Program Director, PESRP. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document presents the environmental and social assessment report of the various activities under the Second Punjab Education Sector Reforms Program (PESRP-II) – an initiative of Government of the Punjab for continuing holistic reforms in the education sector aimed at improving the overall condition of education and the sector’s service delivery. -
IEE: Pakistan: Power Distribution Enhancement Investment Program
Initial Environmental Examination August 2012 MFF 0021-PAK: Power Distribution Enhancement Investment Program – Proposed Tranche 3 Prepared by the Islamabad Electric Supply Company for the Asian Development Bank. ISLAMABAD ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMAPNY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION REPORT (IEE) FOR In and Out Construction at 132 KV Chakri Grid Station Transmission Line (Stringing of Second Circuit on Existing Line) POWER DISTRIBUTION ENHANCEMENT PROJECT (TRANCHE – III) UNDER ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK MULTI TRANCHE FINANCING FACILITY (MFF) AUGUST 2012 (DRAFT) Prepared & Submitted By ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL SAFEGUARD UNIT OFFICE OF G.M (DEVELOPMENT) MANAGEMENT UNIT ISLAMABAD ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY (IESCO) ISLAMABAD – PAKISTAN. In / Out Construction at 132 KV Chakri GS Transmission Line Subproject (IESCO) Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Report Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Scope of the IEE Study and Personnel 4 1.3 Structure of Report 5 2. POLICY AND STATUARY REQUIREMENTS IN PAKISTAN 7 2.1 Statutory Framework 7 2.1.1 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 7 2.1.2 Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000 8 2.1.3 National Environmental Quality Standards 9 2.1.4 Other Relevant Laws 9 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 11 3.1 Type of the Project 11 3.2 Categorization of the Project 11 3.3 Need for the Project 11 3.4 Location and Scale of Project 12 3.5 Decommissioning and Disposal of Materials 14 3.6 Proposed Schedule for Implementation 15 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 17 -
1 Art and Architecture of Pharwala Fort, Islamabad
FWU Journal of Social Sciences, Summer 2017, Vol.11, No.1, 1-17 1 Art and Architecture of Pharwala Fort, Islamabad M. Ashraf Khan and Qurat-ul-Ain Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad This research presents the art and architecture of the Pharwala fort which is lying in oblivion, mourning its glorious past. Detailed study of the art and architecture of the fort has been undertaken recently on emergency basis, keeping in view its present highly dilapidated state of preservation. The art and architecture of the fort is mostly damaged but the remains and ruins are good enough to explain the story of its hey-days and still needed to be documented. The researcher visited the Gakhar Period sites and forts in the region, with focus on the Pharwala Fort. The fort is of great significance not only for its architectural glory and ornamentation, but on account of its greatly important role in shaping the history of the region. It is also viewed in comparison with other forts of the Potohar region, because it is very rarely discussed topic. Only general and historical background of the fort was discussed since colonial era but no archaeological documentation was undertaken before this work. This research focuses on architectural and artistic aspects of the monument as well as draws attention towards its rapidly deteriorating situation and determines its dire state of conservation and preservation. (All the photos and plans are prepared by researchers). The fort was handed over to Federal Department of Archaeology on 28-09-1980 under the Antiquity Act of 1975 by the Col Zahur Sultan Akhtar who is the chief of the Gakhars tribe. -
Punjab Tourism for Economic Growth Final Report Consortium for Development Policy Research
Punjab Tourism for Economic Growth Final Report Consortium for Development Policy Research ABSTRACT This report documents the technical support provided by the Design Team, deployed by CDPR, and covers the recommendations for institutional and regulatory reforms as well as a proposed private sector participation framework for tourism sector in Punjab, in the context of religious tourism, to stimulate investment and economic growth. Pakistan: Cultural and Heritage Tourism Project ---------------------- (Back of the title page) ---------------------- This page is intentionally left blank. 2 Consortium for Development Policy Research Pakistan: Cultural and Heritage Tourism Project TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS 56 LIST OF FIGURES 78 LIST OF TABLES 89 LIST OF BOXES 910 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1011 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1112 1 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 1819 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1819 1.2 PAKISTAN’S TOURISM SECTOR 1819 1.3 TRAVEL AND TOURISM COMPETITIVENESS 2324 1.4 ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF TOURISM SECTOR 2526 1.4.1 INTERNATIONAL TOURISM 2526 1.4.2 DOMESTIC TOURISM 2627 1.5 ECONOMIC POTENTIAL HERITAGE / RELIGIOUS TOURISM 2728 1.5.1 SIKH TOURISM - A CASE STUDY 2930 1.5.2 BUDDHIST TOURISM - A CASE STUDY 3536 1.6 DEVELOPING TOURISM - KEY ISSUES & CHALLENGES 3738 1.6.1 CHALLENGES FACED BY TOURISM SECTOR IN PUNJAB 3738 1.6.2 CHALLENGES SPECIFIC TO HERITAGE TOURISM 3940 2 EXISTING INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR TOURISM SECTOR 4344 2.1 CURRENT INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 4344 2.1.1 YOUTH AFFAIRS, SPORTS, ARCHAEOLOGY AND TOURISM -
1.Punjab Tourism for Economic Growth.Cdr
Punjab Tourism for Economic Growth Consortium for c d p r Development Policy Research w w w . c d p r . o r g . p k c d p r Report R1703 State June 2017 About the project The final report Punjab Tourism for Economic Growth has been completed by the CDPR team under overall guidance Funded by: World Bank from Suleman Ghani. The team includes Aftab Rana, Fatima Habib, Hina Shaikh, Nazish Afraz, Shireen Waheed, Usman Key Counterpart: Government of Khan, Turab Hussain and Zara Salman. The team would also +924235778180 [email protected] Punjab like to acknowledge the advisory support provided by . Impact Hasaan Khawar and Ali Murtaza. Dr. Ijaz Nabi (IGC and With assistance from CDPR) provided rigorous academic oversight of the report. CDPR, Government of Punjab has formulated a n d a p p r o v e d k e y principles of policy for tourism, providing an In brief anchor for future reforms Ÿ Government of Punjab is keen and committed to and clearly articulating i t s c o m m i t m e n t t o developing a comprehensive strategy for putting p r o m o t e t o u r i s m , tourism on a solid footing. e s p e c i a l l y h e r i t a g e Ÿ CDPR has been commissioned by the government to tourism. Government of help adopt an informed, contemporary, view of tourism Punjab has been closely involved in formulation of and assist in designing a reform program to modernize www.cdpr.org.pk f o l l o w - u p the sector. -
Archaeological Potential of Capital of Pakistan-Islamabad and Pioneer Archaeological Excavation in Islamabad (Buddhist Stupa-Ban Faqiran)
Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society Volume No. 31, Issue No. 1, January - June 2018 Shahbaz Ahmad Bhatti * Abdul Ghaffar Loan** Muhammad Amir*** Archaeological potential of Capital of Pakistan-Islamabad and pioneer Archaeological Excavation in Islamabad (Buddhist Stupa-Ban Faqiran) Abstract: Modern city of Islamabad is one of the oldest living inhabitants in the world. Islamabad has the complete sequence and archaeological findings of Stone Age life showing a continuity of man in this region from the early Stone Age. Geographically, Islamabad remained the natural bearer and defensive zone of Rawalpindi against north western boarders and invaders. Buddhist site of Ban Faqiran, is the oldest historical monument discovered in Islamabad. Archaeological remains of Ban Faqiran and the oldest mosque in Islamabad are perched atop on Margalla hills. Federal Department of Archaeology and museums carried out a comprehensive and fruitful excavation at the site and exposed the buried cultural heritage of Buddhist era and a mosque of Muslim dynasty. Besides structural remains, rare copper coins, iron arrow heads and pot shreds discovered.1 Introduction of the Site Archaeological complex of Ban Faqiran, Islamabad, is at the crossed roads on one of the ancient routes, connecting the Taxila Valley with the Pothohar plateau through natural passage formed by hill torrents of Margalla mighty hills. 2 The remains of Ban Faqiran Site are situated in the Western edge of Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. The given name, “Ban Faqiran” is derived from local vernacular; “ban” (reservoir) and “faqiran” (saints). Ban Faqiran stands for a reservoir dedicated to saints. Average height of the site from sea level is 850 meters. -
World Bank Document
Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: 63459-PK PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED CREDIT IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR161.2 MILLION (US$250 MILLION EQUIVALENT) Public Disclosure Authorized TO THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN FOR THE PUNJAB IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM PROJECT (PIPIPP) Public Disclosure Authorized February 23, 2012 Agriculture and Rural Development Unit Sustainable Development Department South Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS April 2011 Currency Unit = Pakistan Rupees (Rs) US$ = 85 Rs FISCAL YEAR July 1 – June 30 Weight and Measures Metric System 1 meter (m) = 3.280 feet 1 hectare (ha) = 2.470 acres 1 Kilometer (km) = 0.620 miles 1cubic meter(m3) = 35.310 cubic feet 1 million acre feet (MAF) = 1.234 billion cubic meters 1 cubic foot/second (cfs) = 0.0283 cubic meters/sec (m3/sec) ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACZ Agro-climatic Zones GIS Geographic Information System ADB Asian Development Bank GM General Manager AWBs Area Water Boards GMRC Glacier Monitoring and Research Center BEC Bid Evaluation Committee GoP Government of Pakistan BER Bid Evaluation Report GoPunjab Government of Punjab CAS Country Assistance Strategy GPN General Procurement Notice CCGT Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Gwh Gigawatt hour CPPA Central Power Purchase -
Total Syllabus, AIH & Archaeoalogy, Lucknow University
Department of Ancient Indian History and Archaeology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow B.A. Part - I Paper I : Political History of Ancient India (from c 600 BC to c 320 AD) Unit I 1. Sources of Ancient Indian history. 2. Political condition of northern India in sixth century BC- Sixteen mahajanapadas and ten republican states. 3. Achaemenian invasion of India. 4. Rise of Magadha-The Bimbisarids and the Saisunaga dynasty. 5. Alexander’s invasion of India and its impact. Unit II 1. The Nanda dynasty 2. The Maurya dynasty-origin, Chandragupta, Bindusara 3. The Maurya dynasty-Asoka: Sources of study, conquest and extent of empire, policy of dhamma. 4. The Maurya dynasty- Successors of Asoka, Mauryan Administration. The causes of the downfall of the dynasty. Unit III 1. The Sunga dynasty. 2. The Kanva dynasty. 3. King Kharavela of Kalinga. 4. The Satavahana dynasty. 1 Unit IV 1. The Indo Greeks. 2. The Saka-Palhavas. 3. The Kushanas. 4. Northern India after the Kushanas. PAPER– II: Social, Economic & Religious Life in Ancient India UNIT- I 1. General survey of the origin and development of Varna and Jati 2. Scheme of the Ashramas 3. Purusharthas UNIT- II 1. Marriage 2. Position of women 3. Salient features of Gurukul system- University of Nalanda UNIT- III 1. Agriculture with special reference to the Vedic Age 2. Ownership of Land 3. Guild Organisation 4. Trade and Commerce with special reference to the 6th century B.C., Saka – Satavahana period and Gupta period UNIT- IV 1. Indus religion 2. Vedic religion 3. Life and teachings of Mahavira 4. -
Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India 1934-35
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE OF INDIA - 1934 35 . EDITED BY J. F. BLAKISTON, Di;aii>r General of Atchxobgt/ tn Iniia, DELHI: MANAGER OF PUBLICATIONS 193T Prici! Rs. Jl-A <n ISt. Gd List of Agents in India from whom Government of India Publications are available. (a) Provinoial Government Book Depots. Madras : —Superintendent, Government Press, Mount Hoad, Madras. Bosibay : —Superintendent, Govommont Printing and Stationorj^ Queen’s Road, Bombay. Sind ; —Manager, Sind Government Book Depot and Record Office, Karachi (Sader). United Provinces : —Superintendent, Government Press, Allahabad. Punjab : —Superintendent, Government Printing, Punjab, Lahore. Central Provinces : —Superintendont, Govommont Printing, Central Provinces, Nagpur. Assam ; —Superintendent, Assam Secretariat Press, Shillong. Bihar : —Superintendent, Government Printing, P. O. Gulzarbagh, Patna. North-West Frontier Province:—Manager, Government Printing and Stationery, Peshawar. Orissa ; —Press Officer, Secretariat, Cuttack. (4) Private Book-seli.ers.' Advani Brothers, P. 0. Box 100, Cawnpore. Malhotra & Co., Post Box No. 94, Lahore, Messrs, XJ, P, Aero Stores, Karachi.* Malik A Sons, Sialkot City. Banthi3’a & Co., Ltd., Station Road, Ajmer. Minerva Book Shop, Anarkali Street, Lahore. Bengal Flying Club, Dum Dum Cantt,* Modem Book Depot, Bazar Road, Sialkot Cantonment Bhawnani & Sons, New Delhi. and Napier Road, JuUtmdor Cantonment. Book Company, Calcutta. Mohanlal Dessabhai Shah, Rajkot. Booklover’s Resort, Taikad, Trivandrum, South India* Nandkishoro k Bros,, Chowk, Bonaros City. “ Burma Book Club, Ltd., Rangoon. Now Book Co. Kitab Mahal ”, 192, Homby Road Bombay. ’ Butterworth &: Co. (India), Ltd., Calcutta. Nowman & Co., Ltd., Calcutta, Messrs. Careers, Mohini Road, Lahore. W. Oxford Book and Stationorj' Company, Delhi, Lahore, Chattorjeo Co., Bacharam Chatterjee Lane, 3, Simla, Meomt and Calcutta. Calcutta.