The Flowering of Natural History Institutions in California Barbara Ertter Reprinted from Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences Volume 55, Supplement I, Article 4, pp. 58-87 Copyright © 2004 by the California Academy of Sciences Reprinted from PCAS 55(Suppl. I:No. 4):58-87. 18 Oct. 2004. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Volume 55, Supplement I, No. 4, pp. 58–87, 23 figs. October 18, 2004 The Flowering of Natural History Institutions in California Barbara Ertter University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California Berkeley, California 94720-2465; Email:
[email protected] The genesis and early years of a diversity of natural history institutions in California are presented as a single intertwined narrative, focusing on interactions among a selection of key individuals (mostly botanists) who played multiple roles. The California Academy of Sciences was founded in 1853 by a group of gentleman schol- ars, represented by Albert Kellogg. Hans Hermann Behr provided an input of pro- fessional training the following year. The establishment of the California Geological Survey in 1860 provided a further shot in the arm, with Josiah Dwight Whitney, William Henry Brewer, and Henry Nicholas Bolander having active roles in both the Survey and the Academy. When the Survey foundered, Whitney diverted his efforts towards ensuring a place for the Survey collections within the fledgling University of California. The collections became the responsibility of Joseph LeConte, one of the newly recruited faculty. LeConte developed a shared passion for Yosemite Valley with John Muir, who he met through Ezra and Jeanne Carr. Muir also developed a friendship with Kellogg, who became estranged from the Academy following the contentious election of 1887, which was purportedly instigated by Mary Katherine Curran.