DOCSLIB.ORG

Three Paths to Religious Integration in Ernest Hemingway's

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Three Paths to Religious Integration in Ernest Hemingway's THREE PATHS TO RELIGIOUS INTEGRATION IN ERNEST HEMINGWAY’S WAR FICTION A DISSERTATION IN English and Humanities Consortium Presented to the Faculty of the University of Missouri-Kansas City in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by TIMOTHY JAMES PINGELTON B.A., University of Missouri-Kansas City, 1994 M.F.A., San Diego State University, 1997 Kansas City, Missouri 2018 © 2018 TIMOTHY JAMES PINGELTON ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THREE PATHS TO RELIGIOUS INTEGRATION IN ERNEST HEMINGWAY’S WAR FICTION Timothy James Pingelton, Doctor of Philosophy Degree University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2018 ABSTRACT My dissertation studies religiosity in Ernest Hemingway’s war fiction in terms of how his soldier characters connect to the divine. The means to understanding this connection is in refining how the characters express the utility of this connection and how these features fit into larger structural ideals. I argue that the wartime characters integrate with the divine through various methods: by contact with nature, by enacting a ritual, or by embodying Christian manliness. I base my dissertation on relevant phenomenological theories but also considers broader structural-functional theories, and I form the approach on structuralism in that I look at both single works and at the war fiction as a whole as well as looking for connections between literature and culture. Furthermore, I look to the theories of Northrop Frye in analyzing this literature because Frye’s structuralism allows for genre-bending oeuvres such as Hemingway’s. I argue that, contrary to much literary criticism, the Hemingway wartime protagonists are theists who seek the divine in times ii of conflict, but, unlike the notion of “no atheists in the foxholes,” these characters harbor their religiosity not situationally but throughout their lives. I conclude by bringing together elements of Ernest Hemingway’s biography with mythoi of connection to nature, enacting rituals, and embodying Christian manliness to derive at a rough categorization of this religiosity. iii APPROVAL PAGE The faculty listed below, appointed by the Dean of the School of Graduate Studies, have examined a dissertation titled “Three Paths To Religious Integration In Ernest Hemingway’s War Fiction,” presented by Timothy James Pingelton, candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, and certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. Supervisory Committee Stephen J. Dilks, Ph.D., Committee Chair Department of English Language and Literature Lynda Payne, Ph.D., Co-Chair Department of History Joan F. Dean, Ph.D. Department of English Language and Literature Steve Paul Department of English Language and Literature Jeffrey S. Bennett, Ph.D. Department of Sociology iv CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................... vii PREFACE ............................................................................................................ viii Chapter 1. THE PREMISE FORMS ...................................................................................1 2. NATURE—THE SCARRED SACRED LANDSCAPE .................................44 3. RITUAL—INITIATION ...............................................................................108 4. CHRISTIAN MANLINESS—DIVINE MANHOOD ...................................150 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................186 REFERENCE LIST .............................................................................................194 VITA ....................................................................................................................217 v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS These are the abbreviations used primarily in parenthetical citations followed by the specific edition used in this research. These abbreviations are approved and used by The Hemingway Society. AFTA A Farewell to Arms (1929. New York: Quality Paperback Book Club, 1993) ARIT Across the River and Into the Trees (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1950) CP Ernest Hemingway: The Complete Poems (ed. Nicholas Gerogiannis. 1972. Lincoln: U Nebraska Press, 1992) CSS The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway: The Finca Vigia Edition (1938. New York: Quality Paperback Book Club, 1993) FWBT For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940. New York: Quality Paperback Book Club, 1993) IOT In Our Time (1925. New York: Scribner's, 1958) Additionally, please note that, following MLA style, movements (such as modernism or romanticism) are capitalized only when they could be confused with a generic term. This also applies to religious references (e.g., “first mover” will be used instead of “First Mover”). vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my doctoral committee for all the academic assistance and for the friendship, too. The time we have had to chat never seems long enough. I also thank my wife Sophie and my children Ed and Maggie—three great people who always had the perfect word when I didn’t. vii PREFACE He was completely integrated now and he took a good long look at everything. Then he looked up at the sky. There were big white clouds in it. He touched the palm of his hand against the pine needles where he lay and he touched the bark of the pine truck that he lay behind. (Ernest Hemingway, FWBT 471) These are the concluding images of Ernest Hemingway’s 1940 novel For Whom the Bell Tolls. When I first read the novel’s ending pages, I knew that, upon closing the back cover, I would flip the book over and re-enter the world of Robert Jordan, Maria, Pilar and the others hiding out in a cave in the Sierra de Guadarrama in central Spain. On the novel’s official publication day (21 Oct 1940), New York Times book critic Ralph Thompson wrote “For Whom the Bell Tolls is a tremendous piece of work. […] Mr. Hemingway has always been the writer, but he has never been the master that he is in For Whom the Bell Tolls” (Thompson). So there is some suggestion that my awe of the book’s artistry was not limited to myself. I have carried for years Robert Jordan’s act of communing with nature on that pine-covered hillside as he faces imminent death—visualizing it, thinking about it, and researching its meaning and significance. I studied Ernest Hemingway’s life and visited a few of the places he lived; I (carefully) handled his unpublished works, notes, and liquor purchase receipts. Then I turned to his critics and relevant scholarship in literature, religious studies, and philosophy. My conclusion, presented in this dissertation, demonstrates that the warrior protagonists in Hemingway’s war oeuvre connect to the divine in three manners: by connecting with nature, through ritual, or by exhibiting viii Christian manliness (as it was understood in Hemingway’s time). These new connections force new interpretations of Hemingway’s war writing and works of other modernists. They are the key to understanding religiosity in the war fiction of Ernest Hemingway; these connections mitigate and ameliorate the seeming disconnects between individual and society, atheist and monotheist, youth and maturity. This dissertation, titled Three Paths to Religious Integration in Ernest Hemingway’s War Fiction, argues that the Hemingway soldier character, in times of tumult, seeks integration with the divine by integrating with nature. The second path to religious integration is by enacting ritual that move the warriors from a state of banality to one of enlightenment. The third means to integrating with the divine is by living a life of Christian manliness (also termed muscular Christianity). The result of this integration, through whatever means, is connection with an omnipotent and immutable force, the union which provides the soldier the comfort of a reality devoid of deceitful imagination or trite dogma. This is a study of religiosity in Ernest Hemingway’s war fiction in terms of how his warrior characters connect to the divine. Their experiences link them with something profound and immutable for the purposes of solace and redemption. The purpose of the biographical chapter in this dissertation is to point to the deep empathy Hemingway seems to have had with his soldier characters. The inclusion of phenomenological aspects (meaning how both the author and his characters actually experience religiosity, á la Rudolph Otto and Mircea Eliade) may seem to stray from the more sociological approaches to religion (macro-level structuralism á la Émile Durkheim and Victor Turner) also detailed in this dissertation. While the premises of Durkheim and Turner are ix certainly relevant to this study and they are not disunited from the micro-level experience of Hemingway and his characters, Hemingway’s depictions of his soldiers transformative experiences (via nature, ritual, or embodying Christian manliness) speak to the apparent empathy the author carried for his soldiers. A starting point for discussing my use of the term “religion” can begin with Émile Durkheim as defined in his landmark work The Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1912): “A religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden—beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them” (Durkheim 46). The kind of religion practiced by the Hemingway soldier protagonist is certainly not the primitive religion
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Notas Sobre El Estilo El Último Entuerto Que Conviene Desfacer Es El Que Habla De King Como De Un Cineasta “Sin Estilo”
    Notas sobre el estilo El último entuerto que conviene desfacer es el que habla de King como de un cineasta “sin estilo”. Si por estilo se entiende llamar la atención sobre la cámara, forzar los ángulos, montar aparatosos encuadres y hacer notar el trabajo del director, King es, en efecto, un director sin estilo. Algunas de sus películas, como Deep Waters, adoptan además una forma visual aparentemente anodina, que puede pasar por impersonal si a la carencia de atractivos externos se une una extrema funcionalidad narrativa, como sucede en dos de sus obras fundamentales, I’d Climb the Highest Mountain y Wait Till the Sun Shines, Nellie. Un examen detallado de estas y otras películas revela la existencia de una personalidad cinematográfica muy acusada, aunque no llamativa ni evidente. Más que afanarse en la búsqueda de un estilo propio, King intentó desarrollar a lo largo de su carrera un lenguaje que se correspondiese, visual y narrativamente, con los modos de sus personajes, por lo general inteligentes y discretos, observadores y dinámicos, inconformistas y sensibles a los cambios que se producen en su entorno. Conforme avanzaba su obra, películas y personajes fueron haciéndose progresivamente más complejos, sin que King violentara por ello su estilo, cada vez más refinado y transparente, permeable a los avances técnicos (el sonido, el color, la pantalla ancha) pero no a las modas ni a retóricas pasajeras. Tal vez por ello, o por una fidelidad a su propia visión, las bases del estilo visual de King apenas experimentaron variaciones significativas a lo largo del tiempo, de hecho Tol’able David podría haberse rodado en 1951 y I’d Climb the Highest Mountain treinta años antes sin que el espectador hubiera notado el menor desajuste.
    [Show full text]
  • Over the Top
    Over The Top Arthur Guy Empey The Project Gutenberg EBook of Over The Top, by Arthur Guy Empey Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the header without written permission. Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is important information about your specific rights and restrictions in how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** Title: Over The Top Author: Arthur Guy Empey Release Date: April, 2005 [EBook #7962] [Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] [This file was first posted on June 6, 2003] [Date last updated: November 15, 2004] Edition: 10 Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OVER THE TOP *** Produced by Daniel Callahan "OVER THE TOP" BY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER WHO WENT ARTHUR GUY EMPEY MACHINE GUNNER, SERVING IN FRANCE TOGETHER WITH TOMMY'S DICTIONARY OF THE TRENCHES 16 ILLUSTRATIONS AND DIAGRAMS Twenty-sixth Impression {Photo: The Author just before Leaving for Home.} TO MY MOTHER AND MY SISTER I have had many good comrades as I have journeyed around the world, before the mast and in the trenches, but loyal and true as they were, none have ever done, or could ever do, as much as you have done for me.
    [Show full text]
  • Dillonsd2014.Pdf (377.0Kb)
    UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMA DR. JOE C. JACKSON COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES Edmond, Oklahoma Hemingway: Insights on Military Leadership A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Of MASTER OF ARTS IN ENGLISH By Shawn Dillon Edmond, Oklahoma 2014 Abstract of Thesis University of Central Oklahoma Edmond, Oklahoma NAME: Shawn Dillon TITLE OF THESIS: Hemingway: Insights on Military Leadership DIRECTOR OF THESIS: Dr. G.S. Lewis PAGES: 86 The literature of Ernest Hemingway is rich with military lessons derived from his lifetime of proximity to war and his understanding of soldiers and leaders at all levels as presented through his characters. Hemingway wrote two significant military works that treat deeply the psyche and behavior of soldiers in war: For Whom the Bell Tolls presented a guerilla band led by an American professor named Robert Jordan, and exposed the different types of junior and senior leaders, as well as an ideal soldier in Anselmo, the old, untrained partisan. Across the River and Into the Trees was equally rich in military insights, at a much higher level of command, through the bitter musings of Colonel Cantwell. Hemingway’s fiction represented and reproduced the detailed awareness he had of soldiers and leaders, good and bad. He was born with the natural instinct to lead, and through his proximity to men performing humanity’s most vaunted of tests, he produced a body of fiction that can serve collectively as a manual for understanding soldiers, terrain, and military
    [Show full text]
  • And a River Went out of Eden| the Estuarial Motif in Hemingway's "The Garden of Eden"
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1994 And a river went out of Eden| The estuarial motif in Hemingway's "The Garden of Eden" Howard A. Schmid The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Schmid, Howard A., "And a river went out of Eden| The estuarial motif in Hemingway's "The Garden of Eden"" (1994). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 1560. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1560 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY TheMontana University of Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. ** Please check "Yes " or "No " and provide signature** Yes, I grant permission No, I do not grant permission Author's Signature Date: ^ ^ j°\ Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the nnthnr'c pyniioit- AND A RIVER WENT OUT OF EDEN The Estuarial Motif in Hemingway's The Garden of Eden by Howard A. (Hal) Schmid B.A., University of Oregon, 1976 presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts The University of Montana 1994 Approved by: Chairperson E€an, Graduate School ? tr Date T UMI Number: EP34014 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent on the quality of the copy submitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Joyce's Dubliners and Hemingway's in Our Time
    37q i 0 JOYCE'S DUBLINERS AND HEMINGWAY'S IN OUR TIME: A CORRELATION THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Kim Martin Mayo, B. A. Denton, Texas December, 1986 Mayo, Kim M., Joyze's Dubliners and Hemingway's In Our Time: A Correlation. Master of Arts (English), December, 1986. 109 pp., works cited, 50 titles. One rarely sees the names James Joyce and Ernest Hemingway together in the same sentence. Their obvious differences in writing styles, nationalities, and lifestyles prevent any automatic comparison from being made. But when one compares their early short story collections, Dubliners and In Our Time, many surprisingly similarities appear. Both are collections of short stories unified in some way, written by expatriates who knew each other in Paris. A mood of despair and hopelessness pervades the stories as the characters are trapped in the human condition. By examining the commonalities found in their methods of organization, handling of point of view, attitudes toward their subjects, stylistic techniques, and modes of writing, one is continually brought back to the differences between Joyce and Hemingway in each of these areas. For it is their differences that make these artists important; how each author chose to develop his craft gives him a significant place in literature. Copyright by Kim Martin Mayo 1986 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION---ESTABLISHING THE SIMILARITIES . .1 II. ORGANIZATION AND UNITY.. ... 8 III. POINT OF VIEW . 0.v.. .......... .27 IV. SUBJECT, STRUCTURE, AND SYMBOLISM.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing Transgression: Criminality in Experimental Literature
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Dissertations 2019 CONSTRUCTING TRANSGRESSION: CRIMINALITY IN EXPERIMENTAL LITERATURE Charles Kell University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss Recommended Citation Kell, Charles, "CONSTRUCTING TRANSGRESSION: CRIMINALITY IN EXPERIMENTAL LITERATURE" (2019). Open Access Dissertations. Paper 888. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss/888 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CONSTRUCTING TRANSGRESSION: CRIMINALITY IN EXPERIMENTAL LITERATURE BY CHARLES KELL A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENGLISH UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2019 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DISSERTATION OF CHARLES KELL APPROVED: Dissertation Committee: Major Professor Peter Covino Ryan Trimm Eske Møllgaard Nasser H. Zawia DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2019 ABSTRACT This dissertation examines integral, challenging contemporary poetry and fiction, and its relationship to notions of the criminal in multiple guises. The present focus on “criminal” excavates not only its literal meaning—the nature of crime, and its specific relation to penal law—but also brings to light how the “criminal” affects the construction of fiction and poetry, and the lives of various individuals (speakers) within the chosen texts. Intricately tied with the criminal are practices that transgress, and this study will also locate specific creations where poets and novelists construct transgressions that challenge contemporary ideas of narrative and poetic modes.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 23: War and Revolution, 1914-1919
    The Twentieth- Century Crisis 1914–1945 The eriod in Perspective The period between 1914 and 1945 was one of the most destructive in the history of humankind. As many as 60 million people died as a result of World Wars I and II, the global conflicts that began and ended this era. As World War I was followed by revolutions, the Great Depression, totalitarian regimes, and the horrors of World War II, it appeared to many that European civilization had become a nightmare. By 1945, the era of European domination over world affairs had been severely shaken. With the decline of Western power, a new era of world history was about to begin. Primary Sources Library See pages 998–999 for primary source readings to accompany Unit 5. ᮡ Gate, Dachau Memorial Use The World History Primary Source Document Library CD-ROM to find additional primary sources about The Twentieth-Century Crisis. ᮣ Former Russian pris- oners of war honor the American troops who freed them. 710 “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.” —Winston Churchill International ➊ ➋ Peacekeeping Until the 1900s, with the exception of the Seven Years’ War, never ➌ in history had there been a conflict that literally spanned the globe. The twentieth century witnessed two world wars and numerous regional conflicts. As the scope of war grew, so did international commitment to collective security, where a group of nations join together to promote peace and protect human life. 1914–1918 1919 1939–1945 World War I League of Nations World War II is fought created to prevent wars is fought ➊ Europe The League of Nations At the end of World War I, the victorious nations set up a “general associa- tion of nations” called the League of Nations, which would settle interna- tional disputes and avoid war.
    [Show full text]
  • Box and Folder Listing
    CLARKE HISTORICAL LIBRARY CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY Ernest Hemingway Collection, 1901, 2006, and undated 5 cubic ft. (in 3 boxes, 6 Oversized folders, 4 reels in 4 boxes, and 2 framed posters) ACQUISITION: The collection was donated in several parts by Michael Federspiel and the Michigan Hemingway Society, Acc# 67522 (Oct. 4, 2002), #67833 (April 2003), Acc# 68091 (Oct. 2003), Acc#68230 (Dec. 2003), by Ken Mark and the Michigan Hemingway Society, Acc#68076 (Oct. 2003), Rebecca Zeiss, Acc# 68386 (Oct. 2003), Acc#68415 by Ken Mark (April 27, 2004), by Charlotte Ponder Acc# 68419 (May 2004), Acc#68698 by Federspiel (Sept. 30, 2004), Acc#68848 by the Hemingway Society (Dec.6, 2004), Acc#69475, Acc#70252, Acc#70401 (April 2007), Acc#70680-70682 and 70737 (Summer 2007), 70833 (March 2008), no MS#. The collection is ongoing. ACCESS: The collection is open to researchers. COPYRIGHT: Copyright is held neither by CMU nor the Clarke. PHOTOGRAPHS: In Box 2. PROCESSED BY: M. Matyn, Feb., Oct. and April 2003, March-May 2004, Feb. 2006, April and June 2007, Jan. and March 2008. Biography: Ernest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park (Ill.), the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey (Mich.). After Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross.
    [Show full text]
  • Click to Download
    v8n4 covers.qxd 5/13/03 1:58 PM Page c1 Volume 8, Number 4 Original Music Soundtracks for Movies & Television Action Back In Bond!? pg. 18 MeetTHE Folks GUFFMAN Arrives! WIND Howls! SPINAL’s Tapped! Names Dropped! PLUS The Blue Planet GEORGE FENTON Babes & Brits ED SHEARMUR Celebrity Studded Interviews! The Way It Was Harry Shearer, Michael McKean, MARVIN HAMLISCH Annette O’Toole, Christopher Guest, Eugene Levy, Parker Posey, David L. Lander, Bob Balaban, Rob Reiner, JaneJane Lynch,Lynch, JohnJohn MichaelMichael Higgins,Higgins, 04> Catherine O’Hara, Martin Short, Steve Martin, Tom Hanks, Barbra Streisand, Diane Keaton, Anthony Newley, Woody Allen, Robert Redford, Jamie Lee Curtis, 7225274 93704 Tony Curtis, Janet Leigh, Wolfman Jack, $4.95 U.S. • $5.95 Canada JoeJoe DiMaggio,DiMaggio, OliverOliver North,North, Fawn Hall, Nick Nolte, Nastassja Kinski all mentioned inside! v8n4 covers.qxd 5/13/03 1:58 PM Page c2 On August 19th, all of Hollywood will be reading music. spotting editing composing orchestration contracting dubbing sync licensing music marketing publishing re-scoring prepping clearance music supervising musicians recording studios Summer Film & TV Music Special Issue. August 19, 2003 Music adds emotional resonance to moving pictures. And music creation is a vital part of Hollywood’s economy. Our Summer Film & TV Music Issue is the definitive guide to the music of movies and TV. It’s part 3 of our 4 part series, featuring “Who Scores Primetime,” “Calling Emmy,” upcoming fall films by distributor, director, music credits and much more. It’s the place to advertise your talent, product or service to the people who create the moving pictures.
    [Show full text]
  • Ernest Hemingway
    Bibliothèque Nobel 1954 Bernhard Zweifel Ernest Hemingway Year of Birth 1899 Year of Death 1961 Language Englisch Award for his mastery of the art of narrative, most Justification: recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style Supplemental Information Secondary Literature - Audre Hanneman: Ernest Hemingway - A Comprehensive Bibiography (1967) - W. Grabert & A. Mulot, Geschichte der deutschen Literatur, 452 (1964) - Thomas Hermann, Metamorphosen zwischen Leben und Kunst (Zum 100. Geburtstag von Ernest Hemingway), Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 163 (1999) - Carlos Baker, Hemingway, A Life Story (1969) - Jeffrey Meyers, Hemingway, A Biography (1985) - James R. Mellow, Hemingway, A Life Without Consequences (1992) - Kenneth S. Lynn, Hemingway (1987) - Leicester Hemingway, My Brother, Ernest Hemingway (1956) - Denis Brian, The True Gen, An Intimate Portrait of Hemingway by Those Who Knew Him (1988) - Matthew J. Bruccoli, Fitzgerald and Hemingway, A Dangerous Friendship (1994) - Charles M. Oliver, Ernest Hemingway A to Z (1999) - Michael Reynolds, The Young Hemingway (1986) - Michael Reynolds, Hemingway: The American Homecoming (1992) - Michael Reynolds, Hemingway, The Paris Years (1999) - Michael Reynolds, Hemingway, The 1930's, Michael Reynolds (1997) - Michael Reynolds, Hemingway, The Final Years (1999) - Henry S. Villard, Hemingway In Love and War, The Lost Diary of Agnes von Kurowsky (1989) - William Burrill, Hemingway, The Toronto Years (1994) - Anthony Burgess, Ernest Hemingway and His World (1978) - A.E. Hotchner, Papa Hemingway, A Personal Memoir (1966) - Charles Whiting, Papa Goes to War, Ernest Hemingway in Europe, 1944 -45 (1990) - Peter Griffin, Less Than A Treason, Hemingway in Paris (1990) - Peter Griffin, Along With Youth, Hemingway: The Early Years (1985) - Alfred G.
    [Show full text]
  • Coca-Cola Vs. Obesity Visual Communication in CSR Advertising and Legitimacy Management
    Coca-Cola vs. Obesity Visual Communication in CSR Advertising and Legitimacy Management International Business Communication Master's thesis Netta Nevalainen 2015 Department of Management Studies Aalto University School of Business Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Aalto University, P.O. BOX 11000, 00076 AALTO www.aalto.fi Abstract of master’s thesis Author Netta Nevalainen Title of thesis Coca-Cola vs. Obesity: Visual Communication in CSR Advertising and Legitimacy Management Degree Master of Science (Economics and Business Administration) Degree programme International Business Communication Thesis advisor(s) Eija Ventola Year of approval 2015 Number of pages 98 Language English Objective of the study This study aimed to analyze how the Coca-Cola Company, the leading beverage brand in the United States, used multimodality to legitimize its position in an anti-obesity advertisement named Coming Together, and how Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), a public health advocate group, used a parody version of the same advertisement to illegitimate the company. The more specific focus was given on how the advertisement and the parody perceive legitimacy and in which ways they are building or questioning it. Methodology and the Analytical Framework The study utilized a theoretical framework combining legitimacy and CSR advertising theories. The framework considers legitimacy to be the ultimate goal of CSR, and indicates how legitimacy has an influence on what kind of responsibilities the companies should address. In addition, it focuses on advertising of corporate social initiatives, such as the Coming Together campaign, and discusses the different factors influencing on consumer scepticism. The data of the study, two videos, was analysed with the qualitative methods of systemic functional multimodal discourse analysis, since it enabled to reveal the socio-political connections of the videos instead of focusing only on their content.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemingway, Literalism, and Transgender Reading Author(S): Valerie Rohy Source: Twentieth Century Literature, Vol
    Hemingway, Literalism, and Transgender Reading Author(s): Valerie Rohy Source: Twentieth Century Literature, Vol. 57, No. 2 (Summer 2011), pp. 148-179 Published by: Duke University Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41698740 Accessed: 09-06-2019 22:06 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Duke University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Twentieth Century Literature This content downloaded from 137.122.8.73 on Sun, 09 Jun 2019 22:06:57 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Hemingway, Literalism, and Transgender Reading Valerie Rohy F rom the 1980s to the turn of the twenty-first century, Hemingway studies underwent a fundamental revision, as new scholarship revealed unimagined complexities in the gendered life of the iconically masculine author. Reflecting the author s commodified persona, Hemingway s bi- ography always enjoyed a special status, but the confluence of his life and work reached a new intensity when an edited portion of The Garden of Eden appeared in 1986. Hemingway's manuscripts for the novel, expansive but unfinished at his death in 1961, showed the depth of his interest in homosexuality and the mutability of gender.1 As published, The Garden of Eden describes a young American couple on their honeymoon in Spain and the south of France in the 1920s; David is a writer distracted by his wife's exploration of masculinity, racialized fantasy, and lesbianism.2 Early in the narrative, Catherine surprises her husband with a haircut "cropped as short as a boy's" (14) explaining "I'm a girl, But now I'm a boy too" (15).
    [Show full text]