DC/DC Converter Output Capacitor Benchmark
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A Buck-Boost Transformerless DC–DC Converter Based on IGBT Modules for Fast Charge of Electric Vehicles
electronics Article A Buck-Boost Transformerless DC–DC Converter Based on IGBT Modules for Fast Charge of Electric Vehicles Borislav Dimitrov 1,* , Khaled Hayatleh 1, Steve Barker 1, Gordana Collier 1, Suleiman Sharkh 2 and Andrew Cruden 2 1 School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Oxford Brookes University, Wheatley campus, Oxford OX33 1HX, UK; [email protected] (K.H.); [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (G.C.) 2 Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (A.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-(0)1865-482962 Received: 9 January 2020; Accepted: 25 February 2020; Published: 28 February 2020 Abstract: A transformer-less Buck-Boost direct current–direct current (DC–DC) converter in use for the fast charge of electric vehicles, based on powerful high-voltage isolated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules is analyzed, designed and experimentally verified. The main advantages of this topology are: simple structure on the converter’s power stage; a wide range of the output voltage, capable of supporting contemporary vehicles’ on-board battery packs; efficiency; and power density accepted to be high enough for such a class of hard-switched converters. A precise estimation of the loss, dissipated in the converter’s basic modes of operation Buck, Boost, and Buck-Boost is presented. The analysis shows an approach of loss minimization, based on switching frequency reduction during the Buck-Boost operation mode. Such a technique guarantees stable thermal characteristics during the entire operation, i.e., battery charge cycle. -
Single Stage Ac-Dc Step up Converter Using Boost and Buck- Boost Converters
ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765 ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875 International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 2, Issue 9, September 2013 SINGLE STAGE AC-DC STEP UP CONVERTER USING BOOST AND BUCK- BOOST CONVERTERS Kumar K1, S.V. Sivanagaraju2, Rajasekharachari k3 PG Student, Department Of EEE, Sri Venkateswara College Of Engg.& Technology, Chittoor, A.P, India1 Associate Professor , Department Of EEE, Sri Venkateswara College Of Engg.& Technology , Chittoor, A.P, India2 PG Student, Department Of EEE, Sri Venkateswara College Of Engg.& Technology, Chittoor, A.P, India3 ABSTRACT: This paper presents a single stage AC-DC step up power converter that avoids the bridge rectification and directly converts the low AC input voltage to the required high DC Output voltage at a higher efficiency. In order to convert AC-DC we need a bridge rectifier and boost converter for step up the DC output voltage to meet the load demand. This two- stage conversion process increases the converter cost and reduces the efficiency of converter due to presence of more no. of semi conductor devices. The proposed converter consists of a boost converter in parallel with a buck–boost converter. Boost converter operated in the positive half cycle and buck-boost converter in the negative half cycle. As a result we obtain a high DC output voltage from a low AC input voltage in single stage conversion. The proposed converter has been designed by using MATLAB. Keywords: AC-DC converter, boost converter, buck-boost converter. I. INTRODUCTION Power electronics may be defined as the subject of applications of solid state power semiconductor devices (Thyristors) for the control and conversion of electric power. -
VIDE. TEHNOLOĢIJA. RESURSI IX Starptautiskās Zinātniski Praktiskās Konferences Materiāli 2013.Gada 20.-22.Jūnijs
RĒZEKNES AUGSTSKOLA INŽENIERU FAKULTĀTE RĒZEKNES AUGSTSKOLAS REĢIONĀLISTIKAS ZINĀTNISKAIS INSTITŪTS REZEKNE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE FOR REGIONAL STUDIES VIDE. TEHNOLOĢIJA. RESURSI IX starptautiskās zinātniski praktiskās konferences materiāli 2013.gada 20.-22.jūnijs 2. SĒJUMS ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGY. RESOURCES Proceedings of the 9th International Scientific and Practical Conference June 20-22, 2013 VOLUME II Rēzekne 2013 VIDE. TEHNOLOĢIJA. RESURSI: 9. starptautiskās zinātniski praktiskās konferences materiāli 2013. gada 20.-22. jūnijs. 2. sējums. Rēzekne, 2013. 148 lpp. ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGY. RESOURCES: Proceedings of the 9th International Scientific and Practical Conference June 20-22, 2013. Volume II. Rezekne, 2013. p. 148. Zinātnisko rakstu krājumā iekļauti IX starptautiskās zinātniski praktiskās konferences “Vide. Tehnoloģija. Resursi” raksti. Rakstu tematika saistīta ar vides kvalitāti un monitoringu, piesārņojuma novēršanas tehnoloģijām, tīrāku ražošanu, ilgtspējīgo lauksaimniecību, vides izglītību un ekonomiku. Rakstu krājumā pārstāvēti referāti, kas ir saistīti ar datorzinātnes, matemātikas, mehānikas, elektrotehnikas, elektronikas un mehatronikas pielietošanu vides zinātnē, metālapstrādē un citu nozaru problēmu risināšanā. Proceedings include papers presented at the 9th International Conference “Environment. Technology. Resources.” The themes of the papers are – the environmental quality and monitoring, pollution prevention technologies, cleaner production, sustainable agriculture, -
Control and Analysis of Synchronous Rectifier Buck Converter for ZVS in Light Load Condition Nimmy Joseph Assistant Professor, Dept
ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765 ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875 International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 6, June 2013 Control and Analysis of Synchronous Rectifier Buck Converter for ZVS in Light Load Condition Nimmy Joseph Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dayananda Sagar Academy of Technology and Management, Bangalore, India Abstract- This paper aims to improve the efficiency of a dc-dc buck converter. It enables a synchronous rectifier buck converter to realize zero voltage switching in light load condition. The replacement of output rectifier diode by MOSFET can minimize conduction losses and increase the efficiency of the circuit. The control technique introduced in this paper enables a SR buck converter to carry out ZVS in light load condition to increase efficiency. No extra auxiliary switches or RLC passive components are required. It is of low cost and easy to control. Keywords: Buck converter, synchronous rectifier, ZVS, light load condition. I. INTRODUCTION Buck converters have already been applied to portable products which are powered by batteries. The efficiency of a buck converter should be increased to prolong the operation of portable products and minimize battery drain. The efficiency of a buck converter is affected by conduction losses. Switching loss of a buck converter must be decreased in light load condition. In order to reduce the conduction losses and raise the efficiency the SR technique is used. Fig.1 Synchronous rectifier buck converter In fig.1the basic circuit diagram of synchronous rectifier buck converter to have ZVS in light load condition is shown. -
Researching the Efficiency of Buck Converter Synchronous Rectifier
INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS: ISSN 2664-9969 REPORTS ON RESEARCH PROJECTS UDC 621.314 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2020.207893 Zheliazkov Y. RESEARCHING THE EFFICIENCY OF BUCK CONVERTER SYNCHRONOUS RECTIFIER The object of study is synchronous buck-voltage converter with digital control system. One of the most prob- lematic things is energy changing and transmission in converters to reach certain numerical range with minimal losses in the components of the electrical circuit. An enormous calculated parameters of electrical scheme. There was advised and described both structure and electrical scheme of synchronous converter, which, thanks to digi- tal system, provides dates with more accuracy connected with an impact on working scheme. There was shown detailed analysis example with a numerical value for the certain elements of electrical scheme. It’s a fundament in order to choose certain parts of electrical scheme according to the certain categories. During research there was used selection of hardware and software tools: elements for buck-converter – key, diode and capacitor; certain voltage and frequency range for microcontroller; control of the power keys of the circuit with the corresponding operating parameters for driver. There was analyzed and calculated all over the possible losses during the process bucking of the voltage to the certain level, an enormous losses in the components of the converter electrical scheme – induction coil, keys and capacitors. It’s an important part of synchronous buck-converter. There was calculated power losses and efficiency through the received graphics of keys com- mutation in electrical scheme. There were received graphic dependence of converter efficiency on output power; time characteristics of the control signal pulse-width modulation (PWM) and output voltage; dependence on the commutation losses. -
How to Select a Proper Inductor for Low Power Boost Converter
Application Report SLVA797–June 2016 How to Select a Proper Inductor for Low Power Boost Converter Jasper Li ............................................................................................. Boost Converter Solution / ALPS 1 Introduction Traditionally, the inductor value of a boost converter is selected through the inductor current ripple. The average input current IL(DC_MAX) of the inductor is calculated using Equation 1. Then the inductance can be [1-2] calculated using Equation 2. It is suggested that the ∆IL(P-P) should be 20%~40% of IL(DC_MAX) . V x I = OUT OUT(MAX) IL(DC_MAX) VIN(TYP) x η (1) Where: • VOUT: output voltage of the boost converter. • IOUT(MAX): the maximum output current. • VIN(TYP): typical input voltage. • ƞ: the efficiency of the boost converter. V x() V+ V - V L = IN OUT D IN ΔIL(PP)- xf SW x() V OUT+ V D (2) Where: • ƒSW: the switching frequency of the boost converter. • VD: Forward voltage of the rectify diode or the synchronous MOSFET in on-state. However, the suggestion of the 20%~40% current ripple ratio does not take in account the package size of inductor. At the small output current condition, following the suggestion may result in large inductor that is not applicable in a real circuit. Actually, the suggestion is only the start-point or reference for an inductor selection. It is not the only factor, or even not an important factor to determine the inductance in the low power application of a boost converter. Taking TPS61046 as an example, this application note proposes a process to select an inductor in the low power application. -
Ultra-Efficient Cascaded Buck-Boost Converter
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2017 Ultra-Efficient Cascaded Buck-Boost Converter Anirudh Ashok Pise University of Central Florida Part of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Ashok Pise, Anirudh, "Ultra-Efficient Cascaded Buck-Boost Converter" (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 6064. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/6064 ULTRA-EFFICIENT CASCADED BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER by ANIRUDH ASHOK PISE B.E. Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, 2013 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2017 Major Professor: Issa Batarseh © 2017 ANIRUDH ASHOK PISE ii ABSTRACT This thesis presents various techniques to achieve ultra-high-efficiency for Cascaded- Buck-Boost converter. A rigorous loss model with component nonlinearities is developed and validated experimentally. An adaptive-switching-frequency control is discussed to optimize weighted efficiency. Some soft-switching techniques are discussed. A low-profile planar-nanocrystalline inductor is developed and various design aspects of core and copper design are discussed. Finite-element-method is used to examine and visualize the inductor design. -
Lecture 20 Bi-Directional Switching Problem Solutions and Overview of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor Switches A
1 Lecture 20 Bi-directional Switching Problem Solutions and Overview of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor Switches A. Illustrative Bi-directional Current Problem Solution : Erickson’s Problem. 4.1 1. Erickson’s problem4.1: Current bi-directional switching 2. Limited quadrants of operation for real solid state switches a. Two quadrant illustrative problem 1. Voltage bi-directional switch example 3. Four quadrant switch and example B. Introduction to the IGBT Switch Device Structure and I-V Characteristics 1. Overview of the IGBT Device Goals 2. IGBT Device Cross-sections 3. SOA regions and long tail turn-off time of IGBT devices 4. Illustrative IGBT Energy loss during switching. 2 A. Illustrative Problem Solution : Problem. 4.1 (1) Erickson’s problem 4.1: Current bi-directional switching For Chapter 2 of Erickson in problems #4 & #5 you solved for VOFF and ION of switches leading to the transistor circuit. Follow the same procedure as your old homework. C 1 L 2 Vg + v - i 2 L 1 R L I1 I1 I2 + - - vL I IC - C - V L v C R v Vg C R v g L + + + SW1 on/SW2 off SW1 off/SW2 on Time DT Time D’T s 2 1 s VL = Vg - V VL = - Vg V V V I = I - g I = - c 1 R c R 1 2 Volt-sec balance on L: <VL> = 0, D’ = 1 - D D(Vg - V) - D¢ V = 0 ® DVg - Dg + DVg = 0 3 DV = 2 Dvg - Vg Vg(2D- 1) V = output voltage in steady state D Charge balance on the capacitor: <ic> = 0 V V V V V D (I - ) - D¢ = 0 ® DI - D - + D = 0 1 R R 1 R R R V Vg(2D- 1) D > ½ Þ Gives bipolar current I1 = = D < ½ Þ when on DR D2R a b + - + IL + - IC + VL L V d C R V g c - + - + - - SW a ® Va = Vg - V SW b ® Vb = V - Vg Ia = IL Ib = IL SW c ® VC = - Vg SW d ® Vd = Vg Ic = IL Id = IL (a) (b) (c) (d) I I L IL L IL Vg-V V V-V -V g g g -I -IL -IL L -IL KEY: Show why Vtr(OFF) is unipolar IL = IR is bipolar 4 A bipolar implementation of the bi-directional current switch is shown below: a b + C R V V - g c d - For HW#4 you do Erickson Problem 4.5 another two quadrant example with bipolar current. -
Impact of Power MOSFET VGS on Buck Converter Performance
AN3267 Application note Impact of power MOSFET VGS on buck converter performance Introduction DC-DC buck converters are widely used in the computer and peripherals industry due to their high efficiency and simple electrical topology. In synchronous buck converter design and semiconductor device choice, converter efficiency maximization and switching behavior immunity to voltage stresses and fast transients are mandatory. This document presents the simulation and experimental test results on a single-phase synchronous buck converter, highlighting the power MOSFET gate driving voltage impact on converter power management and switching behavior. In the latest generation of microprocessors for desktops and mobile equipment, ever increasing switching frequency and output current delivered to the CPU have become necessary. These features push converter and system designers to critical choices for overall performance optimization. In fact, fast transients, together with high load currents, may degrade the converter thermal and power management. Therefore, a deep and accurate fine tuning of the main electrical parameters is mandatory. In this document, based on the single-phase synchronous buck converter topology, the impact of different power MOSFET gate-source voltages on converter efficiency and waveforms of main circuit nodes is thoroughly analyzed through OrCAD® simulations and bench test results, highlighting a perfect match between these two experiments. August 2011 Doc ID 17890 Rev 1 1/19 www.st.com Contents AN3267 Contents 1 Synchronous buck converter basic principles . 4 2 Power MOSFET gate driving voltage requirements in real applications . 6 3 Synchronous buck converter testing demonstration board . 7 3.1 HS/LS switching behavior evaluation and phase node spike measurements . -
Synchronous Buck Converter with XMC™ Digital Power Explorer Kit
AP32319 Synchronous buck converter with XMC™ Digital Power Explorer Kit XMC1300, XMC4200 About this document Scope and purpose This application note provides information on how a synchronous buck converter can be implemented with either the XMC4000 or XMC1000 devices. The XMC™ Digital Power Explorer Kit is used as an example to illustrate the implementation of the buck converter in both voltage mode control and peak current mode control. Applicable products XMC1000 and/or XMC4000 microcontroller family XMC™ Digital Power Explorer Kit References Infineon: DAVE™ - http://www.infineon.com/DAVE Infineon: XMC™ family - http://www.infineon.com/XMC Introduction to digital power conversion application guide - http://www.infineon.com/xmc_dp_exp The example codes supplied can be downloaded from - http://www.infineon.com/xmc_dp_exp Application Note Please read the Important Notice and Warnings at the end of this document Revision 1.0 www.infineon.com 2016-06-20 Synchronous buck converter with XMC™ Digital Power Explorer Kit XMC1300, XMC4200 Overview Table of contents 1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................3 1.1 Types of modulation in a buck converter...............................................................................................4 1.2 Voltage versus current mode control in a buck converter.....................................................................5 2 XMC™ key features .............................................................................................................................7 -
Designing Boost Converter TPS61372 in Low Power Application Report
Application Report SLVAE31–October 2018 Designing Boost Converter TPS61372 in Low Power Application Jasper Li ABSTRACT The application report introduces how to design a small power, small solution size boost converter using the TPS61372 device. The external components of the converter are calculated and selected based on the designed target. The stable and transient performances are measured at different conditions to show the behavior of the converter. Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 2 2 External Component Design ............................................................................................... 2 3 Bench Test Result ........................................................................................................... 3 4 Summary...................................................................................................................... 5 5 References ................................................................................................................... 5 List of Figures 1 Operating Mode at Different Load Conditions ........................................................................... 2 2 Output Voltage Ripple at No Load Condition ............................................................................ 3 3 Output Voltage Ripple at 50-mA Load condition ........................................................................ 3 4 Output Ripple at 5-V Output and no load condition .................................................................... -
Practical Design of Buck Converter
Practical Design of Buck Converter Dr. Taufik Associate Professor Electrical Engineering Department California Polytechnic State University, USA [email protected] http://www.ee.calpoly.edu/faculty/taufik Tutorial Outline • Brief Review of DC-DC Converter • Design Equations • Loss Considerations • Layout Considerations • Efficiency Improvement • Synchronous Buck • Resonant Buck • PWM Controller • Multiphase PECON 2008, Johor Bahru, Malaysia Practical Design of Buck Converter Taufik | Page 2 Review: DC-DC Converter Basics • A circuit employing switching network that converts a DC voltage at one level to another DC voltage • Two basic topologies: – Non-Isolated • Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, Cuk, SEPIC – Isolated • Push-pull, Forward, Flyback, Half-Bridge, Full-Bridge PECON 2008, Johor Bahru, Malaysia Practical Design of Buck Converter Taufik | Page 3 Review: DC-DC Converter Basics • When ON: The output voltage is the same as the input voltage and the voltage across the switch is 0. • When OFF: The output voltage is zero and there is no current through the switch. • Ideally, the Power Loss is zero since output power = input power • Periodic opening and closing of the switch results in pulse output PECON 2008, Johor Bahru, Malaysia Practical Design of Buck Converter Taufik | Page 4 Review: DC-DC Converter Basics TDT 11 ton VvtdtVdtVD0 ===Dutycycle== D t f = ∫∫oii() on s TT00 T • Duty Cycle range: 0 < D < 1 • Two ways to vary the average output voltage: – Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), where ton is varied while the overall switching period T is