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Artificial Intelligence, Automation, and Work
Artificial Intelligence, Automation, and Work The Economics of Artifi cial Intelligence National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report The Economics of Artifi cial Intelligence: An Agenda Edited by Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2019 by the National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission, except in the case of brief quotations in critical articles and reviews. For more information, contact the University of Chicago Press, 1427 E. 60th St., Chicago, IL 60637. Published 2019 Printed in the United States of America 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 1 2 3 4 5 ISBN-13: 978-0-226-61333-8 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-61347-5 (e-book) DOI: https:// doi .org / 10 .7208 / chicago / 9780226613475 .001 .0001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Agrawal, Ajay, editor. | Gans, Joshua, 1968– editor. | Goldfarb, Avi, editor. Title: The economics of artifi cial intelligence : an agenda / Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb, editors. Other titles: National Bureau of Economic Research conference report. Description: Chicago ; London : The University of Chicago Press, 2019. | Series: National Bureau of Economic Research conference report | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifi ers: LCCN 2018037552 | ISBN 9780226613338 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780226613475 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Artifi cial intelligence—Economic aspects. Classifi cation: LCC TA347.A78 E365 2019 | DDC 338.4/ 70063—dc23 LC record available at https:// lccn .loc .gov / 2018037552 ♾ This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/ NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). -
Biden Calls for United Front As Virus Rages
Late Edition Today, partly cloudy after patchy fog, warm, high 72. Tonight, mostly cloudy, mild, low 62. Tomorrow, mostly cloudy, rain later, high 70. Weather map appears on Page B12. VOL. CLXX .... No. 58,873 © 2020 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 2020 $3.00 BIDEN CALLS FOR UNITED FRONT AS VIRUS RAGES McConnell Impugns Vaccine Is Over 90% Urges All Americans Results That Gave Effective, Pfizer’s to Wear Masks as G.O.P. Wins, Too Early Data Says Hospitals Fill Up By NICHOLAS FANDOS This article is by Katie Thomas, By MICHAEL D. SHEAR and EMILY COCHRANE David Gelles and Carl Zimmer. WILMINGTON, Del. — Corona- Leading Republicans rallied on The drug maker Pfizer an- virus cases surged to a record on Monday around President nounced on Monday that an early Monday, with the United States Trump’s refusal to concede the analysis of its coronavirus vac- now averaging 111,000 cases each election, declining to challenge cine trial suggested the vaccine day for the past week, a grim mile- the false narrative that it was stol- was robustly effective in prevent- stone amid rising hospitalizations en from him or to recognize Presi- ing Covid-19, a promising develop- and deaths that cast a shadow on dent-elect Joseph R. Biden Jr.’s ment as the world has waited anx- positive news about the effective- victory even as party divisions iously for any positive news about ness of a potential vaccine. burst into public view. a pandemic that has killed more As the number of infected Senator Mitch McConnell of than 1.2 million people. -
Washington Update 444 N
National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers WASHINGTON UPDATE 444 N. Capitol Street NW, Suite 234 Washington, DC 20001 March 11, 2013 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE President President Names New OMB Director issues for the MSRB. Suggested priorities MARTIN J. BENISON or initiatives should relate to any of the Comptroller Massachusetts President Barack Obama has nominated MSRB’s core activities: Sylvia Mathews Burwell, president of the First Vice President Regulating municipal securities dealers JAMES B. LEWIS Walmart Foundation, as the next director of State Treasurer the U.S. Office of Management and Budg- and municipal advisors. New Mexico et. She will take over for Jeffrey Zients, Operating market transparency sys- tems. Second Vice President who was named acting director of OMB in WILLIAM .G HOLLAND January 2012. Burwell previously worked Providing education, outreach and mar- Auditor General in the budget office as deputy director from ket leadership. Illinois 1998 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton, Secretary and she served as deputy chief of staff un- When providing feedback, the MSRB en- CALVIN McKELVOGUE der Jack Lew. Lew was confirmed as treas- courages commenters to be as specific as Chief Operating Officer possible and provide as much information State Accounting Enterprise ury secretary by the Senate two weeks ago. Iowa as possible about particular issues and top- Nunes to Resurrect Bill to Block Bond ics. In addition to providing the MSRB Treasurer with specific concerns about regulatory and RICHARD K. ELLIS Sales Without Pension Disclosure State Treasurer market transparency issues, the MSRB en- Utah Office of the State Treasurer Rep. Devin Nunes (R-CA) has indicated his courages commenters to provide input on its education, outreach and market leader- Immediate Past President intention to reintroduce his “Public Em- RONALD L. -
Executive Branch
EXECUTIVE BRANCH THE PRESIDENT BARACK H. OBAMA, Senator from Illinois and 44th President of the United States; born in Honolulu, Hawaii, August 4, 1961; received a B.A. in 1983 from Columbia University, New York City; worked as a community organizer in Chicago, IL; studied law at Harvard University, where he became the first African American president of the Harvard Law Review, and received a J.D. in 1991; practiced law in Chicago, IL; lecturer on constitutional law, University of Chicago; member, Illinois State Senate, 1997–2004; elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in 2004; and served from January 3, 2005, to November 16, 2008, when he resigned from office, having been elected President; family: married to Michelle; two children: Malia and Sasha; elected as President of the United States on November 4, 2008, and took the oath of office on January 20, 2009. EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., 20500 Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB), 17th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., 20500, phone (202) 456–1414, http://www.whitehouse.gov The President of the United States.—Barack H. Obama. Special Assistant to the President and Personal Aide to the President.— Anita Decker Breckenridge. Director of Oval Office Operations.—Brian Mosteller. OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT phone (202) 456–1414 The Vice President.—Joseph R. Biden, Jr. Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff to the Vice President.—Bruce Reed, EEOB, room 276, 456–9000. Deputy Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff to Dr. Jill Biden.—Sheila Nix, EEOB, room 200, 456–7458. -
New Voices, New Directions
at Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World Saban Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings May 29-31, 2012 • Doha, Qatar 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20036 www.brookings.edu/about/projects/islamic-world NEW VOICES, NEW DIRECTIONS at Brookings WELCOME Ahlan Wa Sahlan! On behalf of the Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World, housed within the Saban Center for Middle East Policy, we welcome you to the ninth annual U.S.- Islamic World Forum. In partnership with the State of Qatar, Brookings convenes this Fo- rum annually under the gracious auspices of H.R.H. Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, the Emir of Qatar. After a successful Forum convened for the first time in Washington, D.C. last year, we are pleased to be back in Doha. Last year, we met in the midst of the “Arab Awakening”—the dramatic changes that con- STEERING COMMITTEE tinue to transform the Middle East and North Africa. From Tunisia to Egypt to Yemen, ordinary citizens have made possible extraordinary political and social changes. This year, we examine the impact of, and continuing challenges posed by, these changes, not just for STEPHEN R. GRAND Fellow and Director the Arab world, but also for Muslim communities around the globe, including in South Project on U.S. Relations and Southeast Asia—as well as their strategic implications for the United States. with the Islamic World During our three days together, we have arranged a variety of formats for candid dialogue MARTIN INDYK and engagement: Vice President and Director -
April 26Th, 2021 Gina Mccarthy, Chair John Kerry National Climate Task
April 26th, 2021 Gina McCarthy, Chair John Kerry National Climate Task Force U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate Deb Haaland Tom Vilsack U.S. Secretary of the Interior U.S. Secretary of Agriculture RE: A Climate-Forestry Agenda for the United States Dear Chair McCarthy, Presidential Envoy Kerry and Secretaries Haaland and Vilsack; We applaud the Biden Administration’s commitment to a robust, government-wide approach for combatting the climate crisis making full use of federal, state and local government capacities as set forth in Executive Order 140008. As you know, this requires a radical shift in management of the nation’s forestlands to ensure that they are no longer deforested and degraded by logging, grazing, mining, oil and gas development, roads, suburban sprawl and other uses that are driving climate change and making the land more susceptible to its effects. The good news is that by catalyzing a shift to forest management that prioritizes the myriad biodiversity and climate services of our nation’s forests, the Biden Administration can make major gains towards meeting the US nationally determined contribution (NDC) under the Paris Climate Agreement while achieving all of the important goals set forth in EO 140008, including reducing climate pollution, increasing landscape resilience to climate change, protecting public health, conserving our lands, waters and biodiversity, delivering environmental justice and creating jobs and economic growth in our most economically distressed rural communities. But doing this will require seeing through the misinformation and false solutions offered by Big Timber. Contrary to what Wall Street, foreign and other large corporations are telling Congress and members of your administration, logging is not a solution to climate change. -
The Civilian Impact of Drone Strikes
THE CIVILIAN IMPACT OF DRONES: UNEXAMINED COSTS, UNANSWERED QUESTIONS Acknowledgements This report is the product of a collaboration between the Human Rights Clinic at Columbia Law School and the Center for Civilians in Conflict. At the Columbia Human Rights Clinic, research and authorship includes: Naureen Shah, Acting Director of the Human Rights Clinic and Associate Director of the Counterterrorism and Human Rights Project, Human Rights Institute at Columbia Law School, Rashmi Chopra, J.D. ‘13, Janine Morna, J.D. ‘12, Chantal Grut, L.L.M. ‘12, Emily Howie, L.L.M. ‘12, Daniel Mule, J.D. ‘13, Zoe Hutchinson, L.L.M. ‘12, Max Abbott, J.D. ‘12. Sarah Holewinski, Executive Director of Center for Civilians in Conflict, led staff from the Center in conceptualization of the report, and additional research and writing, including with Golzar Kheiltash, Erin Osterhaus and Lara Berlin. The report was designed by Marla Keenan of Center for Civilians in Conflict. Liz Lucas of Center for Civilians in Conflict led media outreach with Greta Moseson, pro- gram coordinator at the Human Rights Institute at Columbia Law School. The Columbia Human Rights Clinic and the Columbia Human Rights Institute are grateful to the Open Society Foundations and Bullitt Foundation for their financial support of the Institute’s Counterterrorism and Human Rights Project, and to Columbia Law School for its ongoing support. Copyright © 2012 Center for Civilians in Conflict (formerly CIVIC) and Human Rights Clinic at Columbia Law School All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America. Copies of this report are available for download at: www.civiliansinconflict.org Cover: Shakeel Khan lost his home and members of his family to a drone missile in 2010. -
Senate Vote on Trump Trial Signals an Acquittal Is Likely
P2JW027000-6-A00100-17FFFF5178F ****** WEDNESDAY,JANUARY27, 2021 ~VOL. CCLXXVII NO.21 WSJ.com HHHH $4.00 DJIA 30937.04 g 22.96 0.1% NASDAQ 13626.06 g 0.1% STOXX 600 407.70 À 0.6% 10-YR. TREAS. unch , yield 1.039% OIL $52.61 g $0.16 GOLD $1,850.70 g $4.20 EURO $1.2162 YEN 103.62 In India, Farmers’ Protest Over New Law Turns Violent Microsoft What’s News SalesRise 17%Amid Business&Finance Covid-19 icrosoftposted record Mquarterly sales under- pinned by pandemic-fueled Pandemic demand forvideogaming and accelerated adoption of itscloud-computing services Demand for cloud during the health crisis. A1 services, videogaming Walgreens Bootsnamed Starbucks operating chief fuels earnings during Rosalind Brewerasits next work-from-home era CEO,making her the only Black woman leading a BY AARON TILLEY Fortune 500 company. A1 CK J&J said it expectstore- TO MicrosoftCorp. posted re- port pivotal resultsofalarge cord quarterly sales under- clinical trial of itsCovid-19 SHUTTERS pinned by pandemic-fueled de- vaccine by early next week, A/ mand forvideogaming and as the companyposted im- I/EP accelerated adoption of its AG proved quarterly sales. B1 TY cloud-computing services dur- ing the health crisis. GE booked $4.4billion Theremote-work erahas in fourth-quarter cash HARISH STREET CLASH: Indian farmers clash with police in New Delhi on Tuesday after breaking through barriers to escape po- been a boon for Microsoft. In flow,beating itsown pro- lice-approved routes for a tractor rally that coincided with a military parade celebrating India’s Republic Day. -
What's Next for the United States?
February 2021 Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Office USA, Washington, D.C. What's next for the United States? Part 2: Climate Change and Energy Supply By Sabine Murphy How is the Biden administration changing the direction of the U.S.? The KAS Office USA takes a first look, in a series of five country reports. This report deals with climate and energy challenges. The White House website promises “swift action to tackle the climate emergency” and a “clean energy revolution”. Key Policy Goals The Biden-Harris administration doesn’t make it a secret that the fight against climate change is on top of the to-do-list. Climate is prominently listed on the White House website as one of seven top policy priorities. It states: “President Biden will take swift action to tackle the climate emergency. The Biden administration will ensure we meet the demands of science, while empowering American workers and businesses to lead a clean energy revolution.”1 The Biden administration takes a decidedly different approach to energy use and the impact of rising temperatures on the environment than its predecessor. After four years of the Trump administration denying scientific findings about climate change, Biden has pledged to follow science and involve the entire federal government in the fight against climate change. By creating inter-agency working groups and a National Climate Task Force, Biden wants to ensure that his policies for the production of clean energy and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, are not limited to single agencies but will be implemented throughout the federal government. During his campaign, Biden promised to reach a goal of net-zero emissions across the economy before 2050, and to eliminate pollution caused by fossil fuel in electricity production by 2035. -
Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy: Issues for the 117Th Congress
Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy: Issues for the 117th Congress March 31, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46750 SUMMARY R46750 Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy: Issues March 31, 2021 for the 117th Congress Thomas Lum U.S. concern over human rights in China has been a central issue in U.S.-China relations, Specialist in Asian Affairs particularly since the Tiananmen crackdown in 1989. In recent years, human rights conditions in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) have deteriorated, while bilateral tensions related to trade Michael A. Weber and security have increased, possibly creating both constraints and opportunities for U.S. policy Analyst in Foreign Affairs on human rights. After consolidating power in 2013, Chinese Communist Party General Secretary and State President Xi Jinping intensified and expanded the reassertion of party control over society that began toward the end of the term of his predecessor, Hu Jintao. Since 2017, the government has enacted new laws that place further restrictions on civil society in the name of national security, authorize greater controls over minority and religious groups, and further constrain the freedoms of PRC citizens. Government methods of social and political control are evolving to include the widespread use of sophisticated surveillance and big data technologies. Arrests of human rights advocates and lawyers intensified in 2015, followed by party efforts to instill ideological conformity across various spheres of society. In 2016, President Xi launched a policy known as “Sinicization,” under which the government has taken additional measures to compel China’s religious practitioners and ethnic minorities to conform to Han Chinese culture, support China’s socialist system as defined by the Communist Party, abide by Communist Party policies, and reduce ethnic differences and foreign influences. -
Process Makes Perfect Best Practices in the Art of National Security Policymaking
AP PHOTO/CHARLES DHARAPAK PHOTO/CHARLES AP Process Makes Perfect Best Practices in the Art of National Security Policymaking By Kori Schake, Hoover Institution, and William F. Wechsler, Center for American Progress January 2017 WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG Process Makes Perfect Best Practices in the Art of National Security Policymaking By Kori Schake, Hoover Institution, and William F. Wechsler, Center for American Progress January 2017 Contents 1 Introduction and summary 6 Findings 14 First-order questions for the next president 17 Best practices to consider 26 Policymaking versus oversight versus crisis management 36 Meetings, meetings, and more meetings 61 Internal NSC staff management 72 Appendix A 73 About the authors 74 Endnotes Introduction and summary Most modern presidents have found that the transition from campaigning to governing presents a unique set of challenges, especially regarding their newfound national security responsibilities. Regardless of their party affiliation or preferred diplomatic priorities, presidents have invariably come to appreciate that they can- not afford to make foreign policy decisions in the same manner as they did when they were a candidate. The requirements of managing an enormous and complex national security bureau- cracy reward careful deliberation and strategic consistency, while sharply punishing the kind of policy shifts that are more common on the campaign trail. Statements by the president are taken far more seriously abroad than are promises by a candidate, by both allies and adversaries alike. And while policy mistakes made before entering office can damage a candidate’s personal political prospects, a serious misstep made once in office can put the country itself at risk. -
Open Hearing: Nomination of Gina Haspel to Be the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
S. HRG. 115–302 OPEN HEARING: NOMINATION OF GINA HASPEL TO BE THE DIRECTOR OF THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY HEARING BEFORE THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION WEDNESDAY, MAY 9, 2018 Printed for the use of the Select Committee on Intelligence ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.govinfo.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 30–119 PDF WASHINGTON : 2018 VerDate Sep 11 2014 14:25 Aug 20, 2018 Jkt 030925 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\DOCS\30119.TXT SHAUN LAP51NQ082 with DISTILLER SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE [Established by S. Res. 400, 94th Cong., 2d Sess.] RICHARD BURR, North Carolina, Chairman MARK R. WARNER, Virginia, Vice Chairman JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California MARCO RUBIO, Florida RON WYDEN, Oregon SUSAN COLLINS, Maine MARTIN HEINRICH, New Mexico ROY BLUNT, Missouri ANGUS KING, Maine JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma JOE MANCHIN III, West Virginia TOM COTTON, Arkansas KAMALA HARRIS, California JOHN CORNYN, Texas MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky, Ex Officio CHUCK SCHUMER, New York, Ex Officio JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona, Ex Officio JACK REED, Rhode Island, Ex Officio CHRIS JOYNER, Staff Director MICHAEL CASEY, Minority Staff Director KELSEY STROUD BAILEY, Chief Clerk (II) VerDate Sep 11 2014 14:25 Aug 20, 2018 Jkt 030925 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\DOCS\30119.TXT SHAUN LAP51NQ082 with DISTILLER CONTENTS MAY 9, 2018 OPENING STATEMENTS Burr, Hon. Richard, Chairman, a U.S. Senator from North Carolina ................ 1 Warner, Mark R., Vice Chairman, a U.S. Senator from Virginia ........................ 3 WITNESSES Chambliss, Saxby, former U.S.