water Review Transboundary Water Conflict Resolution Mechanisms: Substitutes or Complements Ahmed Tayia Centre for Environmental Policy (CEP), Imperial College London, London SW7 1NE, UK;
[email protected]; Tel.: +44-7493095757 Received: 21 May 2019; Accepted: 21 June 2019; Published: 28 June 2019 Abstract: This paper examines the transboundary water resources conflict resolution mechanisms. Various academic fields have provided conflict resolution mechanisms that could be used to analyse transboundary water conflicts. These mechanisms include social planner, water market, game theory, static and dynamic systems engineering models, and negotiation analyses. These mechanisms share some common characteristic features. This similarity has led to a general belief that these mechanisms are competitive substitutes. However, closer examination by this research reveals that these mechanisms have more complementarity than similarity. This complementarity permits researchers and practitioners to combine any two or more of them to develop more comprehensive mechanisms with stronger analytical capacity to analyse the different elements of the process of transboundary water conflict resolution. Keywords: transboundary water conflict resolution mechanism; hydro-diplomacy; systems engineering models; social planner; water market; game theory; hydropolitics and critical hydropolitics; hydro-hegemony; Transboundary Waters Interaction Nexus (TWINS); Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR); virtual water 1. Introduction Management of Transboundary water resources is expected be one of the biggest challenges facing human development over the next decades [1]. In general, transboundary water resources can describe water shared across political, economic, or social boundaries [2]. Shared water resources have been always a potential source of competition. The English language, as well as many other Latin-rooted languages, reflects this historical relation between shared rivers and competition, as it uses the word “rival” to refer to a competitor against others.