Extensions of Remarks

17810 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1976 Removes the authority of the Commission to authorize mergers of carriers when deemed nal Procedure promulgated by the Supreme on Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Sal­ to be in the public interest. Reaffirms the Court. aries to review salaries of Members of Con­ authority of the States to regulate terminal H.R. 13819. May 17, 1976. Interstate and gress. and station equipment used for telephone Foreign Commerce. Reaffirms the intent of H.R. 13808. May 17, 1976. Post Office and exchange service. Requires the Federal Com­ Congress with respect to the structure of Civil Service. Amends the Defense Depart­ munications Commission to make specified the common carrier telecommunications in­ ment Overseas Teachers Pay and Personnel :findings in connection with Commission ac­ dustry rendering services in interstate and Practices Act to revise the salary structure tions authorizing specialized carriers. foreign commerce. Grants additional author­ for teaohers in the Department of Defense's H.R. 13814. May 17, 1976. Public Works and ity to the Federal Communications Com­ overseas dependents' schools. Allows such Transportation. Amends the Urban Mass mission to authorize mergers of carriers teachers to take a sabbatical leave. Transportation Act of 1964 to require that when deemed to be in the public interest. H.R. 13809. May 17, 1976. Merchant Marine any mass transportation system receiving Reaffirms the authority of the States to regu­ and Fisheries. Amends the Merchant Marine Federal assistance under such Act comply late terminal and station equipment used Act, 1936, to provide that any citizen of with specified notice and hearing require­ for telephone exchange service. Requires the the United States may apply to the Secre­ ments before the establishment or change of Federal Communications Commission to tary of Commerce for aid in developing and any fare or service which substantially af­ make specified findings in connection with constructing a nuclear ship for operation in fects the community. Commission actions authorizing specialized the commerce of the United States. H.R. 13815. May 17, 1976. Public Works and carriers. Requires tha,t all ships whose development, Transportation; Interior and Insular Affairs. H.R. 13820. May 17, 1970. Ways and Means. construction, or operation is aided by this Terminates the authorization for the Tocks Amends the Ta.riff Schedules of the United Act shall be constructed in a shipyard with­ Island Reservoir project in New Jersey, New States to increase for a 5-year period the in the United States. York, and Pennsylvania. Requires that prop­ customs duty on certain hand tools. H.R. 13810. May 17, 1976. Ways and Means erty acquired by the Secretary of the Army H.R. 13821. May 17, 1976. Banking, Cur­ Amends the program under the Social Se­ pursuant to such authorization be trans­ rency and Housing. Amends the Federal Fire curity Act of Grants to States for Unem­ ferred to the Secretary of the Interior for Prevention and Control Act of 1974 to au­ ployment Compensation Administration to management by the National Park Service. thorize the Administrator of the National require States to prepare and implement Requires relocation of a. national highway Fire Prevention and Control Administration contingency plans to insure that unemploy­ to minimize adverse environmental impact to make grants to volunteer fire departments ment benefits will be promptly paid in on the area. which a.re unable to purchase necessary fire­ periods of high unemployment. H.R. 13816. May 17, 1976. Interior and In­ fighting equipment because of the increased H.R. 13811. May 17, 1976. Interstate and sular Affairs. Increases the amount author­ cost of such equipment as the result of Foreign Commerce. Amends the Solid Waste ized to be appropriated to establish, equip, inflation. Disposal Act to prohibit the issuance of solid operate, and maintain a metallurgy research H.R. 13822. May 17, 1976. Ways and Means." waste management regulations with respect center on the Fort Douglas Military Reserva­ Amends the Internal Revenue Code to ex­ to the sale or distribution o! beverage con­ tion, Utah. empt nonprofit volunteer :firefighting or res­ tainers at Federal facllities. H.R. 13817. May 17, 1976. Interstate and cue organizations from the excise tax on H.R. 13812. May 17, 1976. Government Op­ Foreign Commerce. Reaffirms the intent of sales of special fuels, automotive parts, erations. Requires, under the Office of Fed­ Congress with respect to the structure of the petroleum products, and communication eral Procurement Policy Act, that Federal common carrier telecommunications indus­ services. agencies pay interest at an ainnual ra.te of try rendering services in interstate and for­ H.R. 13823. May 17, 1976. Ways and Means. at least 12 percent on any payment which eign commerce. Reaffirms the authority of Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow is overdue by more than two weeks on a the States to regulate terminal and station members of volunteer firefighting organiza­ contract with a small business concern. equipment used for telephone exchange serv­ tions to deduct the cost of :firefighting­ H.R. 13813. May 17, 1976. Interstate and ice. Requires the Federal Communications rela. ted clothing expenses. Foreign Commerce. Reaffirms the intent of Commission to make specified findings in H.R. 13824. May 17, 1976. Interstate and Congress with respect to the structure of the connection with Commission actions author­ Foreign Commerce. Amends the Communi­ izing specialized carriers. cations Act to allow for voters' time during common carrier telecommunications indus­ which broadcasters must make the networks try rendering services in interstate and for­ H.R. 13818. May 17, 1976. Judiciary. Delays available for presentations by qualified eign commerce. Grants additional authority the effective date of specified rules and Presidential and Vice Presidential candi­ to the Federal Communications Commission amendments to the Federal Rules of Crimi- dates.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

SECRETARY KISSINGER ON HUMAN man beings a.re the subjects, not the objects, The obscene and atrocious acts systemati­ RIGHTS of public policy; that citizens must not be­ cally employed to devalue, debase, and de­ come mere instruments of the state. stroy human life during World War II vividly This is the conviction that brought mil­ and ineradicably impressed the responsible HON. ROBERT P. GRIFFIN lions to the Americas. It inspired our peoples peoples of the world with the enormity of to fight for their independence. It is the the challenge to human rights. It was pre­ OF MICHIGAN commitment that has ma.de political freedom cisely to end such a.buses and to provide IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES and individual dignity the constant and moral authority in international affairs that cherished idea.I of the Americas and the envy Friday, June 11, 1976 a new system was forged after that war: of nations elsewhere. It is the ultimate proof globally, in the United Nations, and re­ Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, Secre­ that our countries a.re linked by more than gionally, in a. strengthened inter-American geography and the impersonal forces of system. tary of State Kissinger spoke to the Gen­ history. eral Assembly of the Organization of The shortcomings of our efforts in an age American States, which· is meeting in Respect for the rights of man is written which continues to be scarred by forces of into the founding documents of every nation intimidation, terror, and brutality fostered Santiago, Chile. The subject of his re­ of our Hemisphere. It has long been part of sometimes from outside national territories marks was human rights. the common speech and daily lives of our and sometimes from inside, have ma.de it I ask unanimous consent that the text citizens. And today, more than ever, the suc­ dramatically clear that basic human rights of Dr. Kissinger's Santiago speech be cessful advance of our societies requires the must be preserved, cherished, and defended printed in the RECORD. full and free dedication of the talent, energy, if peace and prosperity a.re to be more than and creative thought of men and women who hollow technical achievements. For techno­ There being no objection, the speech are free from fear of repression. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, logical progress without social justice mocks The modern age has brought undreamed­ humanity; national unity without freedom as follows: of benefits to mankind-in medicine, in is sterile; nationalism without a. conscious­ STATEMENT BY THE HONORABLE HENRY A. technological advance, and in human com­ ness of human community-which means a KISSINGER, SECRETARY OF STATE, ON HUMAN munication. But it has spawned plagues as shared concern for human right.s-refines RIGHTS well, in the form of new tools of oppression, instruments of oppression. One of the moot compelling issues of our as well as of civil strife. In an era charac­ We in the Americas must increase our in­ time, and one which calls for the concerted terized by terrorism, by bitter ideological ternational support for the principles of action of all responsible peoples and na­ contention, by weakened bonds of social co­ justice, freedom, and human dignity-for tions, is the necessity to protect a.:tid extend hesion, and by the yearning of order even at the organized concern of the community of the fundamental rights of humanity. the expense of liberty, the result all too often nations remains one of the most potent The precious common heritage of our West­ has been the violation of fundamental weapons in the struggle against the degrada­ ern Hemisphere is the conviction that hu- standards of humane conduct. tion of human values. June 11, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17811

THE HUMAN RIGHTS CHALLENGE IN THE of government. But there a.re standards infringement of certain fundamental rights AMERICAS below which no government can fall without in Chile has undergone a quantitative reduc­ The ultimate vitality and virtue of our offending fundamental values--such as gen­ tion since the la.st report. We must also societies spring from the instinctive sense ocide, officially tolerated torture, mass im­ point out that Chile has filed a comprehen­ of human dignity and respect for the rights prisonment or murder, or comprehensive sive and responsive answer that sets forth of others that have long distinguished the denials of basic rights to racial, religious, a number of hopeful prospects which we hope immensely varied peoples and lands of this political, or ethnic groups. Any government wm soon be fully implemented. engaging in such practices must face adverse Nevertheless the Commission has asserted Hemisphere. The genius of our inter-Ameri­ international Judgment. · can heritage ls based on the fundamental that violations continue to occur, and this democratic principles of human and na­ The international community has created is a matter of bilateral as well as interna­ tional dignity, justice, popular participation, important institutions to deal with the chal­ tional attention. In the United States, con­ and free cooperation among different peoples lenge of human rights. We here a.re all par­ cern ls widespread in the Executive Branch, ticipants in some of them: the United Na­ in the press, and in the Congress, which has and social systems. tions, the International Court of Justice, the The observance of these essential princi­ taken the extraordinary step of enacting OAS, and the two Human Rights Commis­ specific statutory liinits on United States ples of civility cannot be taken for granted sions of the UN and OAS. In Europe, ·an even even in the most tranquil of times. In pe­ military and economic a.id to Chile. more developed international institutional The condition of human rights as assessed riods of stress and uncertainty, when pres­ structure provides other useful precedents sures on established authority grow and na­ by the OAS Human Rights Commission has for our effort. impaired our relationship with Chile and tions feel their very existence ls tenuous, the Procedures alone cannot solve the problem, practice of human rights becomes far more wm continue to do so. We wish this relation­ but they can keep it at the forefront of our ship to be close, and all friends of Chile hope difficult. consciousness and they can provide certain The central problem of government lia.s minimum protection for the human per­ that obstacles raised by conditions alleged in always been to strike a just and effective sonality. International law and experience the report will soon be removed. balance between freedom and authority. have enabled the development of specific At the same time, the Commission should When freedom degenerates into anarchy, the procedures to distinguish reasonable from not focus on some problem areas to the human personality becomes subject to ar­ arbitrary government action on, for example, neglect of others. The cause of human dignity bitrary, brutal, and ca,prlcious forces. When the question of detention. These involve ac­ is not served by those who hypocritically the demand for order overrides a.11 other con­ cess to courts, counsel, and fainilies; prompt manipulate concerns with human rights to siderations, man becomes a means· and not release or charge; and, if the latter, fair and further their political preferences, nor by an end, a. tool of impersonal machinery. public trial. Where such procedures a.re fol­ those who single out for human rights con­ Clearly, some forms of human suffering are lowed, the risk and incidence of uninten­ demnation only those countries with whose intolerable no matter what pressures nations tional government error, of officially sanc­ political views they disagree. may face or feel. Beyond that, all societies tioned torture, of prolonged arbitrary We are persuaded that the OAS Commis­ have an obligation to enable their people to deprivation of liberty, a.re drastically reduced. sion, however, has avoided such temptations. fulfill their potentialities and live a life of Other important procedures are habeas cor­ The Cominission has worked and reported dignity and self-respect. pus or amparo, Judicial appeal, and impar­ widely. Its survey of human rights in Cuba As we address this challenge in practice, we tial review of administrative actions. And is ample evidence of thaJt. Though the report must recognize that our efforts must engage there a.re the procedures available at the was completed too late for formal considera­ the serious commitment of our societies. As international level-appeal to, and investiga­ tion at this General Assembly, an initial a source of dynamism, strength, and inspira­ tion and recommendations by established review confirms our worst fears of Cuban tion, verbal posturings and self-righteous independent bodies such a.s the Inter-Ameri­ behavior. We should commend the Commis­ rhetoric are not enough. Human rights are can Commission on Human Rights, an in­ sion for its efforts-in spite of the total lack the very essence of a meaningful life, and tegral part of the OAS and a symbol of our of cooperation of the Cuban authorities-to human dignity is the ultimate purpose of dedication to the dignity of man. unearth the truth that many Cuban political government. No go~ernment can ignore ter­ The Inter-American Cominission has built prisoners have been victims of inhuman rorism and survive, but it is equally true an impressive record of sustained, independ­ treatment. We urge the Commission to con­ that a government that tramples on the ent, and highly professional work since its tinue its efforts to determine the truth about rights of its citizens denies the purpose establishment in 1960. Its importance a.s a the state of human rights in Cuba. of its existence. primary procedural alternative in dealing In our view, the record of the Commission In recent years and even days, our news­ with the recurrent human rights problem of this year in all these respects demonstrates papers have carried stories of kidnappings, this hemisphere is considerable. that it deserves the support of the Assembly ambushes, bombings, and assassinations. The United States believes this Commis­ in strengthening further its independence, Terrorism and the denial of civility have be­ sion is one of the most important bodies of even-handedness, and constructive potential. come so widespread, political subversions so the Organization of American States. At the We can use the occasion of this Genera.I intertwined with offi.ci'al and unofficial abuse, same time, it is a role which touches upon Assembly to emphasize that the protection of and so confused with oppression and base the most sensitive aspects of the national human rights is an obligation not simply of criminality, that the protection of individual policies of each of the member governments. particular countries whose practices have rights and ;the preservation of human dig­ We must ensure that the Commission func­ come to public attention. Rather, it is an nity have become sources of deep concern tions so that it cannot be manipulated for obligation assumed by all the nations of the and-worse-sometimes of demoralization international politics in the name of human Americas a.s part of their participation in the and indifference. rights. We must also see to it that the Com­ Hemispheric system. No country, no people-for that matter no mission becomes an increasingly vital in­ To this end, the United States proposes political system-can claim a. perfect record strument of Hemispheric cooperation in de­ that the Assembly broaden the Commission's in the field of human rights. But precisely fense of human rights. The Commission de­ mandate so rthat instead of waiting for com­ because our societies in the Americas have serves the support of the Assembly in plaints it can report regularly on the status been dedicated to freedom since they emerg­ strengthening further its independence, of human rights throughout the Heinisphere. ed from the colonial era., our shortcomings even-handedness, and constructive potential. Through adopting this proposal, the na­ are more apparent and more significant. And THE REPORTS OF THE INTER-AMERICAN HUMAN tions of the Americas would make plain our let us face facts. Respect for the dignity of RIGHTS COMMISSION · common commitment to human rights, in­ man is declining in too many countries of crease the reliable information available to We have all read the two reports sub­ us and offer more effective recommendations the Hemisphere. There are several states Initted to this General Assembly by the Com­ where fundamental standards of humane to governments about how best to improve mission. They are sobering documents, for human rights. In support of such a. broad­ behavior are not observed. All of us have a they provide serious evidence of violations responsibility in this regard, for the Amer­ ened effort, we propose that the budget and of elemental international standards of staff of the Commission be enlarged. By ca.s cannot be true to themselves unless human rights. they rededicate themselves to belief in the strengthening the contribution of this body, worth of the individual and to the defense In its annual report on human rights in we can deepen our dedication to the special of those individual rights which that con­ the Heinisphere, the Commission cites the qualities of rich promise that make our cept entails. Our nations must sustain both rise of violence and speaks of the need to Hemisphere a standard-bearer for freedom­ a common commitment to the human rights maintain order and protect citizens against lovlng people in every quarter of the globe. of individuals and practical support for the armed attack. But it also upholds the defense At the same time, we should also consider institutions and procedures necessary to en­ of individual rights as a primordial function ways to strengthen the inter-American sys- • sure those rights. of the law and describes case after case of tem in terms of protection against terrorism, The rights of man have been authorita­ serious governmental actions in derogation of kidnapping and other forms of violent threats tively identified both in the United Na­ such rights. to the human personality, especially those in­ tions' Universal Declaration of Human A second report is devoted exclusively to spired from the outside. Rights and in the OAS's American Declara­ the situatioh in Chile. We note the Commis­ THE NECESSITY FOR CONCERN AND tion of the Rights and Duties of Man. There sion's statement that the Government of CONCRETE ACTION Will, of course, always be differences of view Chile has cooperated with the Commission, It is a. tragedy that the forces of change in as to the precise extent of the obligations and the Commission's conclusion that the our century-a time of unparalleled human C:X:XII--1123-Pa.rt 14 17812 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1976 achievement-have also visited upon many largely due to your patience and kind­ At present the United States is at peace individuals around the world a new dimen­ ness, never losing track of the desired around the world, but we must not forget sion of intimidation and suffering. results. that we were able to achieve this condition The standard of individual liberty of con­ Without compromising our idea.ls only be­ science and expression is the product herit­ Mr. Speaker, we wish for you and your cause the sacrifices of the men and women age of our civilization. It summons all na­ family many happy and successful years, who are being honored today. , tions. But this Hemisphere, which for cen­ and again, I join with your many friends What is our debt to these nameless patriots turies has been the hope of all mankind, in saying that as Representative in Con­ and how do we repay them for their valor? has a special requirement for dedicated com­ gress and as Speaker, you have done an One of the best attempts at providing an­ mitment. excellent job for your district, State, and swers to these questions was perhaps ex­ Let us then turn to the great task before Nation. Among the many monuments to pressed by James A. Garfield, at the time a us. All we do in the world-in our search for your success is the fact that with all the member of the U.S. House of Representa­ peace, for greater political cooperation, for a tives from Ohio and later our 20th President. fair and flourishing economic system-is challenges, yours has ~een a patient hand Speaking at the National cemetery at Arling­ meaningful only if linked to the defense of holding it all together; and to your suc­ ton, Va., on the first Memorial day, he said, the fundamental freedoms which permit the cessor you turn over a prosperous Na.: in part: fullest expression of mankind's creativity. No tion with problems, yes, but with your "With words we make promises, plight nations of the globe have a greater responsi­ support the Congress has protected and faith, praise virtue. Promises may not be bility. No nations can make a greater contri­ developed our natural resources which kept, plighted faith may be broken, and bution to the future. Let us look deeply with­ after all is our real wealth. vaunted courage may be only the cunning in ourselves to find the essence of our human mask of Vice. condition. And let us carry forward the great · Again, we wish you much happiness "We do not know one promise these men enterprise of liberty for which this Hemi­ in your retirement. made, one pledge they gave, one word they sphere has been-and will again be-the spoke; but we do know they summed up and honored symbol everywhere. perfected, by one supreme a.ct the highest Virtues of men and citizens. For love of coun­ LEST WE FORGET try they accepted death, and thus resolved all doubts, and made immortai their patriot­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI ism and virtue ... the Victory was won when HON. CARL ALBERT death stamped on them the great seal of OF n..LINOIS heroic character, and closed a record which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years can never blot." HON. JAMIE L. WHITTEN Friday, June 11, 1976 OF MISSISSIPPI IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the Bicentennial Year has demonstrated the SADIE HERING, 100 YEARS "YOUNG" Monday, June 7, 1976 vitality of the American spirit and has Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, it is with served a wonderful purpose in resurrect­ deep regret that we accept your an­ ing the interest of Americans in their HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ nounced retirement beginning with the country. I noted that while participating OF TEXAS new Congress. in numerous Memorial Day observances IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES May I say, along with your many other in my district. Many of these observances friends, that we shall miss you as a col­ were tied to this year's Bicentennial Friday, June 11, 1976 league and as Speaker. theme. Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, the day I can understand your desire to return Editorial commentary in newspapers she and her husband headed for Texas to private life in view of the almost limit­ were especially helpful in stimulating the was the "happiest day of my life" recalls less hours you have to put in both as a observance of Memorial Day, just as they Sadie Hering, resident of the San An­ Member and as Speaker. It is fitting that are in arousing interest in the Bicenten­ tonio Housing Authority's Victoria Plaza, during your service we received the trib­ nial. Typical was the lead editorial which who will celebrate her lOOth birthday ute by the British people in making appeared on May 30 in the Star-Tribune this Saturday, June 12. available to the American people an publications serving south suburban A native of Wilmington, m., where she original copy of the Magna Carta. The Cook County, m., and I insert it in the and her husband, the late Albert Hering, statement made by the Lord Mayor that RECORD and commend it to the Members' were married, Mrs. Hering has lived in we in this country refer to the American attention: San Antonio since 1906. Revolution as a great victory for the LEsT WE FORGET The Herings came to San Antonio Colonies against England, whereas the Today is Memoria.l day in Illinois, a solemn from Spalding, Nebr., bringing the first occasion set aside to memorialize the men broom corn to Texas which they planted people of England view it as a great vic­ and women who served in the nation's m111- tory for the English-speaking people of tary forces. For Illinoisans the observance and threshed on the grounds of San Jose the world properly describes the rela­ has extra special significance because so Mission. tionship we now enjoy with our Mother many aspects of the annua.l day of consecra­ The centenarian, who describes herself country. tion had their origins within the borders of as a "transplanted Yankee,'' said she was May I say, too, Mr. Speaker, that in the state. happy to leave Nebraska "because I was this Bicentennial Year, I have reviewed Memorial day, originally called Decoration scared to death of the wild cowboys." much of the history of the American day, was first observed nationally on May 30, Mrs. Hering recalls her efforts to help 1868. The first such ceremony, however, an the late Reverend Paul Soupiset estab­ Revolutionary period including the lives informal loca.l affair, was that held two years and activities of many great Americans earlier, on April 29, 1866, at Carbonda.le, Ill. lish the "Little Church of La Villita"­ who contributed so greatly to the found­ The principal speaker on that occasion was a non ienominational church located in ing of the country. We are reminded that Gen. John W. Logan, national commander of the heart of San Antonio on a small they had their problems during their the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR), street with several shops featuring Mexi­ time, their moments of indecision, with which had been organized earlier that month can crafts. Mrs. Hering was a volunteer some successes and, yes, some failures. at Decatur, Ill. It was Gen. Logan, later U.S. worker in the church's rummage store, representative and then senator from Illi­ and also was house mother to the men at This causes me to recognize that during nois, who issued the order proclaiming your service as Speaker, without a large May 30, 1868, as Memorial day and calllng "Seniorville," which Reverend Soupiset State delegation behind you, such as· upon a.11 GAR members to decorate the operated for needy and down-and-out Speaker Rayburn had, or a region such as graves of Union veterans. men. Speaker McCormack had, you have dealt The patriotic gesture caught the public's Mrs. Hering also is proud of the 5,000 • with some of the most controversial is­ fancy, and the children and the grandchil­ hours of volunteer service with the "An­ sues in a nation with citizens of many dren of the CiVil war veterans continued the gels,'' a club she and her daughter, diverse viewpoints, with many separate custom. As the years passed, to war memo­ Gladys Goerson, helped establish at the rials throughout the country have been San Antonio State Hospital where her groups and changing conditions, and in added the names of other battlegrounds one of the most turbulent times in our where Americans fought to upholathe demo­ pet name with the patients was history. All in all, your retirement comes cratic ideals of their country-names like "Sweetie." when, with you as Speaker, we have San Juan hill, Chateau,-Thierry, Guadal­ The residents of Victoria Plaza-an achieved greatly improved conditions, canal, Inchon and Da Nang. apartment complex for senior citiz·ens CXXII--1123-Part 14 June 11, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17813 located in the 20th Congressional Dis­ On July 31, Les will retire from his ceiling or :floor would be imposed. Repay­ trict which I represent--and members position at the Bank of America, but I ment would take place over a more ex­ of Mrs. Hering's family are having a am sure this will not signal the end of tended time period than that allowed birthday party for her today. his participation in valley civic affairs. under present programs. The borrower Mrs. Hering's children: Mrs. Floyd His loving wife Mary and his two chil­ would pay back a percentage of his or (Marjorie) Harrison of Fort Smith, Ark., dren, 'Janet and Donald are hopeful that her annual income as ea.ch year's pay­ and Mrs. Goerson and Louis Hering, both being free of some responsibilities will ment, until the loan and accrued interest of San Antonio, as well as other family permit him more time to spend with the were remitted. If, after 30 years, a bor­ members, will all be there. family. However, his friends know that if rower's income were abnormally low and It is a wonderful and happy occasion, there is a tough job to handle, they can the loan were not completely repaid, the and I regret that I cannot personally count on Les to lend his skills and talents. remaining principal would be forgiven. attend this celebration honoring a fine Mr. Speaker, Lester King is a credit to This act is designed in accordance with lady, who has lived her century well­ the valley community and we owe him a the recommendations of some of the Na­ Mrs. Sadie Hering, 100 years young. debt that cannot easily be repaid. I per­ tion's most highly respected experts in sonally hope that he fully understands the fields of higher education and student She is, indeed, a remarkable 100 years our deep appreciation for all his devoted aid. Many of its provisions are modeled young for she enjoys the independence of service. after recommendations issued by the being able to live alone in her apart­ Carnegie Coin.mission on Higher Educa­ ment at Victoria Plaza, and to do her tion. In the near future, I intend to pre­ own housework. PROPOSAL FOR NEW STUDENT sent further evidence to support the de­ Happy birthday, Mrs. Hering. May you LOAN BANK sirability and workability of such a pro­ enjoy many more birthdays to come. gram. But today, I would like to share with my colleagues an article which ap­ HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER peared in the New York Times on April LESTER B. KING, ONE OF THE OUT­ OF WISCONSIN 5, 1976. It underscores the pressing need STANDING CITIZENS OF SAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for a new approach to student aid-an FERNANDO VALLEY . approach which offers new hope to de­ Friday, June 11, 1976 serving students from all groups in our Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. society, regardless of family income level. HON. JAMES C. CORMAN Speaker, the rising cost of post- sec­ The article follows: OF CALIFORNIA ondary education is a fact which can COSTS AT LEADING COLLEGES GoING OVER $7 ,000 no longer be ignored. Families who have A YEAR IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES carefully and responsibly budgeted their (By Gene I. Mea.roff) Friday, June 11, 1976 incomes for years, now find their sav­ The relentless increase in the cost of going Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, it is a ings insufficient to provide college or to college will continue next fall as tuitions privilege and a personal pleasure for me other training for the children. 'Terrence at many of the country's lea.ding private in­ to bring to the attention of my colleagues Bell's resignation as Director of the U.S. stitutions climb over the $4,000 mark for the Office of Education, because his salary flrS1t time and total annual charges push the dedicated service of Lester B. King, a·bove $7,000. one of the San Fernando Valley's most was inadequate to pay for his children's Increases in total costs, including room, outstanding citizens. education focused national attention on board and expenses, as well as tuition. will On June 28 Les will be honored at a a situation in which all too many Ameri­ vary from 5 to 12 percent at individual col­ testimonial at the Woodland Hills Coun­ cans find themselves. leges and universities, according to a survey try Club by more than 100 friends who No longer is financial aid a necessity released yesterday by the College Entrance know of his active participation in com­ only for the economically deprived. Har­ Exa.mination Board. munity affairs. This honor is fitting and vard has recently announced that it will The average cost for a resident undergrad­ consider applications for assistance uate will be $4,568 at a private institution proper because Les has been one of the and $2,790 at a public institution. But for Valley's true leaders during the 14 years from "middle income" students-defined students at some highly selective, prominent he has been manager of the Van Nuys as members of f amllles with incomes of institutions, costs will far exceed the aver­ main branch of the Bank of America. up to $50,000 per year. ages, especially because of the higher tui­ Les' involvement in the needs and The Federal Government has long rec­ tions a.t such schools. problems of the community has been ognized its responsibility to assist stu­ Tuitions already set for fall include those total. He has worked tirelessly to improve dents who wish to further their educa­ of $4,400 a.t Yale, $4,300 at Pririceton, $4,275 not only Van Nuys, but the entire San tion but who lack the necessary funds to at Stanford, $4,270 at Brown, $4,230 a.t Dart­ do so. The basic opportunity grants, mouth, $4.150 at the Massachusettes Insti­ Fernando Valley, a community that is tute of Technology and at Wesleyan, $4,110 now approaching 1.3 million people. He guaranteed student loans, and national at Cornell, $4,100 at Harvard, the University has served as president of the San · direct student loans are all evidence of of Pennsylvania and Middlebury and $4,000 Fernando Valley Industrial Association this commitment. Nevertheless, not all at Oolumbia. and president of the Van Nuys Chamber potential beneficiaries of financial aid Bennington College in Vermont, which in of Commerce. In 1964, he was honOTed are being reached, and the minimum 1973 was one of the first institutions in the as man of the year in Van Nuys. And he family income and repayment require­ United States to charge a tuition of more has devoted a large portion of his time ments of existing loan programs, in par­ than $4,000, wlll become one of the first to exceed $5,000 in September, when tuition to the development of the Valley Pres­ ticular, are often unrealistically designed. goes to $5,250 from $4,980. byterian Hospital, serving as its vice Specifically, many potentis.l borrowers­ By breaking through the psychological bar­ president and director of planning and often those most in need-are denied rier of the $4,000 tuition level, institutions development. loans on the basis of their famllies' low of higher education are giving fresh impetus The list of Lester King's accomplish­ incomes. And for those who are able to to the debate over just how much a college ments and interest seems almost endless, borrow, the heavy burden of repayment can charge without pricing it.self out of the Mr. Speaker. I do not know how he keeps falls during the period iimmedlately fol­ market. There is growing concern over the prospect up the pace and manages to -take on new lowing graduation, when incomes are that the cost of attending leading private responsibilities. Recently, he assumed rarely high, and when such debts are colleges and universities may get so high that the added responsibility of serving as a most difficult to absorb. only t'he children of the very wealthy and member of the Los Angeles City Plan­ Consequently, this week my distin­ those poor enough to qualify for extensive ning Commission. At the time of his guished colleague, and good friend. AL fina.neial aid will be able to afford such in­ appointment, the Valley News and Green QuIE, and I have introduced the National stitutions. Sheet, a respected communicator of San Student Loan Bank Act. This measure "The in.dividuaJ. institutions lea.ding the Fernando Valley News, commented that pack in terms of high tuition a.re somewhere would create a new, self-sustaining and on the threshold of going beyond what the "we cannot think of a more qualified man independently administered source of aid m.a.rket can bear and I would not be in that in this valley. His dedication to our com­ for education. Eligible borrowers would vanguard," said Dr. Steven Muller, president munity has been endless." I whole­ include all students at recognized insti­ of Johns Hopkins in Baltimore, which is heartedly concur with their assessment. tutions of higher lea~ning; no income raising its tuition by $200 to $3,600. 17814 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1976

"If we don't get a reliable, well coordinated nois, $6,110; Indiana University, $3,237; and in the drug pits of Harlem where mil­ student aid program at the state and Federal Grambling College, Louisia.na, $1,995; and lions of dollars are exchanged each day, out level," Dr. Boyer said, "the tuition problem Bowdoin College, Maine, $6,200. on the streets, for packets , of heroin being wlll become a social disaster." Bunker Hill Community College, Massachu­ piped in from Latin America. Some of the most expensive private schools setts, $350; Smith College, Massachusetts, The training you have just completed at are trying to offset the impact of their tui­ $6,170; Bethany Lutheran College, Minnesota, the Institute will be invaluable-I have seen tion increases by maintaining and even in­ $3,480; Central Missouri University, $1,970; your fellow drug enforcement officers in creasing the proportion of money they devote Drew University, New Jersey, $5,455; Rutgers action-in the back alleys in remote Nations to student assistance. University, New Jersey, $3,200; LeMoyne throughout the World-in Colombia in "Op­ "The Ivies and other leading institutions College, New York, $4,350; Sarah Lawrence eration Kitchen"-and in light aircraft over have not gotten the credit they deserve in College, New York, $7,390; State University the mountainous terrain of Mexico search­ this connection," said Dr. John G. Kemeny, of New York at New Paltz, $5,040; and Vas­ ing for fields of poppy crops in desolate president of Dartmouth University in New sar College, New York, $5,710. areas-the narcotics filtering into our Na­ Hampshire. "What is sometimes overlooked Copies of the College Entrance Examina­ tion originate all over this globe. It is a vast is that the very best schools a.re also the tion Board's report are available at $25.50 battlefield. It is a battle which must be ones most likely to be able to afford the each from College Board Publication Orders, fought by all of us, in all levels of Govern­ strongest financial aid programs. Box 2815, Princeton, N.J. 08540. ment--from South Carolina to Hawaii to Franconia College, also in New Hampshire, Colorado to next door here at Laurel, Mary­ is one of the few institutions that intends land-the battle must.be waged both domes­ to cut tuition and total charges next year, tically and internationally. hoping that it will help the school attract OUR WAR ON DRUGS-''THE You, above all, need not be reminded that more students. Tuition will drop from $3,900 as Narcotics Enforcement Officers you have a to $3,740 and total charges will be down by IMPOSSIBLE TASK" highly dangerous job--just as our D.E.A. almost 10 percent. agents are battling the vicious drug business "We are going to have a difficult time at its source, some of you will be fighting it avoiding a deficit next year and from a budg­ HON. BE.NJAMIN A. GILMAN at the other end-and it is a difficult, dan­ etary standpoint we should have raised tui­ OF NEW YORK gerous business. It was just last month that tion much higher than we did, he said. a D.E.A. plane went down in Mexico kllling "But if we jack up our tuition much IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES two of our courageous DEA agents-James higher than we absolutely have to we will Friday, June 11, 1976 Lund and Ralph Shaw-they knew the risks, frighten away students, said Dr. Muller, who and they accepted them-it cost them their also heads the newly formed National Asso­ Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, earlier to­ lives. It was only a few months before their ciation of Independent COlleges and Univer­ day I addressed the graduating class of tragic, fat1l flight, that I was a passenger in sities. "It would also have diminishing re­ the Drug Enforcement Administration's a sim.1lar aircraft with our D.E.A. agents as turns because an increased proportion of National Training Institute for law en­ we flew over some of the mountainous poppy ea.ch dollar we take in would have to be put forcement officers from throughout the fields close to the crash site. into financial aid. United States. Those two men went to their graves know­ Adding to the despair of some observers There were 27 young men and women ing the risks they faced-they went down, is the fact that the costs at publicly sup­ courageously and loyally doing their part in ported institutions are rising at an even who participated in the intensive 11- a deserted section of a foreign land-in the faster rate than at the private colleges. week course of study and training which world wide war against drug traffickers. Let "The answer has to be greater Federal touched on all phases of our fight on us make certain that their sacrifices will not support for the scholarship aid of students drugs. All the accumulated knowledge of have been in vain. from low- and middle-income families," said our DEA agents was at the disposal of The efforts of Agents Lund and Shaw and Dr. Ernest L. Boyer, chancellor of the the participants. the many other drug agents in Mexico have 170,000-student State University of New The tuition for this worthy program helped to slow down the flow of heroin from York, which last week announced tuition Mexico-as you may know, this week in increases ranging from 12 percent. was provided by funds allocated by the Washington, Director Bensinger was notified Despite the cost increases at most private Law Enforcement Assistance Adminis­ by Mexico's Attorney General Pouada, that colleges and universities there remains a tration. Local police agencies absorbed most of the Mexican opium poppy fields have feeling in many sectors that the demand to the student's living expenses. been eradicated or destroyed. get into the prestigious institutions is stm It was an honor to speak to this grad­ This is heartening news. When I was in strong. uating class of dedicated police person­ Mexico in January, along with Congressman TUITION DIFFERENTIAL nel. In order to share my comments with Wolff and DEA's Latin American expert, Burt "As long as an institution can be first rate my colleagues, I would like to insert my Moreno, we met with President Echeverria to and offer an excellent and distinctive pro­ remarks at this point in the RECORD. bolster up their opium eradication program. gram," said Dr. Hanna Gray, provost of Yale, We had been advised by the D.E.A. that this "and as long as it is not alone in its price These men and women are now prepared would be a feasible way to cut off this tidal bracket itself in light of changing circum­ to do battle against a killer-hard nar­ wave of Mexican heroin coming into our Na­ stances it will not price itself out of the cotics. tion. While there, we met with the Mexican market." My hat goes off' to these dedicated President and asked that joint working com­ The differential in tuition is essentially police officers as they go back to their missions be set up in both the U .s. and what accounts for the cost margin between home areas, prepared to enter our Na- . Mexico to monitor, coordinate and contain public and private institutions. tion's war on drugs. the illicit flow of narcotics. Such an effort 1S For instance, the average cost of room and My remarks follow: now underway and it now appears to be board next fall will be $1,304 at public col­ working out. leges and $1,371 at private colleges. Trans­ Administrator Bensinger, D.E.A. Officials, Because the drug business is a dirty busi­ portation, personal expenses, books and sup­ Agents, Friends, and most important, our ness, it may become tedious and overwhelm­ plies will also cost about the same at both new training institute graduates. Good ing-you may find yourself becoming cynical kinds of institutions, according to the Col­ Morning and Congratulations. and disillusioned-it may seem impossible to lege Board. While I regret I can not stay due to my wipe out this k1ller-if that happens and The two-year community colleges, at­ responsibi11ties on the hill, I am honored to when it happens, remember that you are tended primarily by commuting students, take part in this graduation of D.E.A.'s Na­ fighting a war-war to protect our youth-a will still be the least expensive institutions tional Training Institute-a graduation for war to protect the roots of our society­ of higher education. But pressures in many a critically important job--a monumental please, never forget that. states to increase community college tui­ task. At a time when narcotics are flowing You must never forget that drugs spell tions are causing alarms. into our Nation in increasing quantities, you death for our Nation. President Ford recently "If tuition is imposed here," said Max have chosen to battle what some have called proclaimed that five thousand Americans Thompson, a student at Los Angeles City an "impossible task". died last year from drug overdoses-and most College, which is now free, "I'd have ~o quit To each and every one of you police of­ of those fatalities were young people-the school or borrow money." ficers, I offer you not only heartfelt good future of our Nation. The average tuition at community colleges wishes-but a prayer for your success, for And never forget that the destruction across the country is expected to be $387. yours is a job of protecting the youth in brought about by drugs is not 11m.1ted to the Here are the figures on what the total our cities from self destruction--of protect­ taking of lives--drug related crime exceeds costs for resident undergraduates will be next ing our Nation from that scourge on our twenty b1llion dollars each year--drug abuse fall at a number of representative institu­ society-narcotic abuse. strikes at the very heart of our national well tions around the country: In my years of public service, I have come being-As President Ford said recently, "The Arizona State University, $3,150; California to know the burdensome responsibilities of cumulative effect of drugs is to diminish the Institute of Technology, $6,286; University narcotics enforcement work, and about the quality and vitality of our community­ of Colorado, $2,831; University of Connecti­ dedication of our D.E.A. agents. I have seen weakening the fabric of our Nation." cut, $3,400; Georgetown University, Wash­ first-hand the work of our agents--in Mexico, The National Institute of Drug Abuse re­ ington, $5,700; Northwestern University, nu- in Colombia, in Southeast Asia, in Turkey- ports that there are five hundred thousand June 11, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17815 addicts in the United States. I.t ls estlma.ted Customs Service to require boat owners to not for their work, Lebanon would be as des­ that two hundred thousand of them live in report to Custom's Officials immediately on perately poor as the other Arab countries. the Metropollta.n New York a.rear-that ma.y arrival in this Country. The Ma.ronites a.re defined as "right-wingers," expla.ln my more than pa.ssing in.terest in He has called for a joint effort on the and thus they must be swept a.way by the this crisis. New York City ls just a short hop Town, County, State and Federa.I level to wave of history. down the Hudson from my Congressional knock this problem out of the park, once Besides, the Ma.ronites a.re Catholics. When District-it ls too close for comfort. and for all. ts the last time a "llbera.l" worried a.bout op­ With every passing day there ls news of But, most importantly, the President ls pression of Ca.thollcs in, say, Lithuania or more and more drug bus~ throughout the pushing this critica.l problem to the fore­ Poland? Or in Loya.list Spa.ill during the Civil Nation and in foreign lands. I applaud the front. Our Nation's narcotics problem has War, or in Mexico during the 1920s and '30s, D.E.A. for stepping up its efforts in trying to been on the backburner for too long a pe­ or in Ireland at almost any time? control illicit narcotics traffic. In Monday's riod. Narcotics traffic and drug abuse are But the worst silence of "liberals" is on Congressiona.l Record, I inserted two news­ eating away at the very root of our Society­ Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge, we were told, paper reports of major drug seizures to em­ our youth. were merely agrarian reformers, peasant rev­ phasize to my colleagues the extensiveness While the President referred to drug abuse olutionaries resisting American imperialism. of narcotic trafficking-and to underscore as a national problem, you and I know bet­ The Congress of the United States, follow­ the need for a concerted effort by the Con­ ter. Drug abuse is an international prob­ ing the insistence of the "liberals" a.nd the gress to a.ssist our Federal authorities in lem. Not only is our national well-being at poster carriers, cut off a.id to the Cambodian stemming the flow of drugs. stake, but so too are the youth in other government and in effect turned over con­ One report involved ten persons who are affected Nations. trol of the country to the "peasant revolu­ being tried in Raleigh, North Carolina, on Yours is a rough and tough job-it is a tionaries." Libera.ls heaved a. great sight of cha.rges of smuggling three hundred million highly important a.ssignment. To ea.ch and relief. The "people" had won a.gain. dollars worth of heroin into our Country­ every one of you I offer my congratulations, There then began one of the great horror the second news account reported that the but more than that, to all of you I give stories of modern times. The entire popula­ skipper of a Colombian ship discovered a thanks. Thanks on behalf of the youth and tion of Phnom Penh was forced out of the three million dollar cache of cocaine aboard pa.rents in my Congressional District and city a.t gunpoint to work in the rice fields his vessel resulting in the a.rrest of two crew throughout our Nation who you wlll be pro­ a.nd railroads. The government announced members who were allegedly involved. tecting. May God bless you and protect you the new society would need only one million I have been informed b:y the D.E.A. that in all your endeavors on behalf of our workers to keep the country running, and heroin seizures since January of this year­ Nation. that the rest of the population was expend­ total D.E.A. foreign cooperative seizures-to­ able. taled 245 lbs. valued at $139 million and According to the Paris journal Le Monde, total domestic, Federal and cooperative re­ LIBERALS' LABELS DON'T FIT 800,000 Cambodians died there between April, mova.ls of heroin totaled 152 lbs. at $86 THE FACTS 1975, and last February-a.bout 20 percent million. of the population of the country. It ma.kes you think about the enormity of Their blood, unfortunately, is on Ameri­ our job when you realize the number of other can hands. We ma.de an a.Ilia.nee with the ships which may be carrying in drugs from HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI Cambodians and then ran out on them-al­ other lands-we can't search every ship and OF ILLINOIS though, in truth, they did not seem eager to we can't search every bag. There a.re a mil­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fight for themselves. lion and one places on ships and planes and Meanwhile, the liberals keep pointing cars and boats to hide contraband-that is Friday, June 11, 1976 out that the predicted "bloodbath" has yet why interdiction and eradication at its source Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as we to occur in Viet Nam, ignoring completely task. what ls happening in Cambodia. (and forget­ Because it is such a difficult task, that ls continue to hear of the tragedy in Leb­ ting what happened in China and the Soviet why interdiction and eradication at its source anon, it is evident that the plight of the Union when the communists were finally se­ is so important. Christians in that country has basically cure enough to start murdering people by the And because it is such a difficult task, it is been ignored by the rest of the world. millions). going to take a massive effort to stop it-it It must also be noted that the plight of Pa.rt of the reason, no doubt, is that the ls going to take money, manpower, and people in Cambodia has been ignored by Khmer Rouge is dedicated to building a. new equipment in a concerted, coordinated effort the world despite a number of stories variety of human nature-a. goal that Amer­ by 8111 levels of Government to sta.mp out this ican "llbera.ls" support or a.t lea.st consider plague on our society. that have broken on that unfortunate an "interesting experiment in socialism." In our battle-let us recognize the enemy country. These points and others are very What are a. few million lives for an in­ for what he ls. We a.re battling a vicious, effectively analyzed by Rev. Andrew teresting experiment? Especially when they highly organized criminal activity. We are Greeley in his column in the Chicago a.re the lives of yellow-skinned Buddhists? not just dealing with the common crimina.l Tribune on Thursday, June 10, and I It's the same sort of mentality displayed on our streets. We are dealing With con­ commend it to the Members' attention: by the Rev. Philip Potter, genera.I secretary scienceless people. Who don't care a.bout the LIBERALS' LABELS DON'T Frr THE FACTS of the World Council of Churches, who said five thousand people who are injured and recently a.t a press conference in Chicago kllled when junkies in need of a fix, rob to (By Andrew Greeley) that one can supply money to violent revo­ pay for their habit. Who don't care about That "liberals" have a double standard on lutionary movements "for the love of God." the misery felt by the pa.rents and families of matters of international oppression is now Great Christianity, huh? Of course you those injured by drugs. so we]J known that it hardly needs to be don't provide guns to the Irish Republican The only thing they care about are the further documented. Army "to love God with all our means and dollars. The bloody profits from their death They worry a lot a.bout oppression in Chile to love our neighbors as ourselves,'' as Potter dealing drugs. They are the worst kind of but don't notice it in Cuba. They a.re skepti­ put it! criminals and they must be dealt with ac­ cal a.bout Spain's tentative movements to­ And, funny thing, I haven't heard a word cordingly. They deserve no quarter. ward democracy but forget about what hap­ from the Rev. Mr. Potter about our neigh­ Our Chief Executive recognizes the battle pened to Czechoslovakia. and Hungary. They bors in Cambodia.. that you are waging-and I know that you never ask when the last time was that a. are all aware of the latest initiatives that "socialist" government had a free election he is supporting. Now, if we can get Con­ like Portugal just did. gress to follow his lead we will be on the They use the word "genocide" in talking TRUE SPffiIT OF THE HOLIDAY road toward resolving this problem. We will a.bout South African racism, although the at least be making a dent in it. standard of living for blacks in that ugly The experts tell us that forty-eight per society is higher than it is in a.ny black­ ruled nation in Africa. HON. CHRISTOPHER J. DODD cent of those arrested for trafficking in hard OF CONNECTICUT drugs and who a.re released on bail, get re­ But they ignore-when not celebrating-the involved in the business. The President genocide being committed against Ma.ronioo IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES therefore recommends some strong steps to Christians in Lebanon. You see, the Mos­ Friday, June 11, 1976 make it difficult for those charged with drug lems are "leftists" and the Maronites a.re smuggling to get out on bail and he has "rightists." Mr. DODD. Mr. Speaker, the follow-. also requested stiffened penalties. President Never mind that the idea of Kamal Jum­ ing editorial comment was originally pub­ Ford has asked Congress for minimum three­ blatt, the reactionary leader of a Moslem lished in the Norwich Bulletin in 1975, year sentences for first offenders and harsher sect, being a "leftist" ls ludicrous. Since to celebrate Memorial Day. The Bulletin sentences for repeat offenders. I don't think the Moslems are defined a.s "leftist,'' they chose to reprin_t it this year, as an ex­ that ls tough enough, but it ls a start in the have to be good. right direction. The Ford proposal will also Never mind that the only way the Ma.ro­ pression of the true spirit of the holiday. allow Judges to deny bail if a trafficker ls on nites got their superior economic position I would like to share this message with parole and expands the authority of the was by ha.rd work; never mind that if it were my colleagues: 17816 EXTENSIONS QF REMARKS June 11, 1976 We are the dead. Short days ago we lived. of laser beams back to their source on earth In the past, he has served as a mem­ felt dawn, saw sunset glow, loved and were regardless of the angle at which they are re­ ber of the Montebello Planning Commit­ loved. . ." John McCrae's words return re­ ceived. tee. · His other civic and philanthropic lentlessly to trouble us each year at this time: A laser pulse beamed from a ground sta­ interests include the East Los Angeles "If ye break faith with us who die, we shall tion initiates a timing signal that continues YMCA, the Montebello YMCA, and the not sleep ..." until the pulse is bounced back from the The Memorial Day observance this year satellite and is received at the station, NASA East Side Boys Club. should be one of the most heartfelt since the engineers explained. An inspirational model for us all, Jack day was first obse.rved on May 30, 1868. There By measuring the length of time, the dis­ Arakelian excels. in the spirit that we all is a deep lesson to be learned and repeated. tance between the station and the satellite as Americans should practice, that is, It is that ma.n's savagery has continued to can be calculated precisely with a technique the spirit of sharing and using his suc­ bring needless suffering to every gen~ration. known as laser ranging. During the past decade, we found no moral Movements of the earth's surface as small cess for the benefit of others. barrier to prevent us from sending 50,000 of as eight inches can be determined by using I want to take this opportunity to our sons to death in a war that was totally the satellite system, space agency spokesmen join with his friends in extending my Without justification. said. personal best wishes for continued suc­ We have entered an unique time in the The United States Geological Survey, re­ cess in all his future endeavors, and to history of the world. For the first time within sponsible for earthquake research and pre­ call the attention of the Congress to a recent memory there are no wars raging be­ diction, will use the satellite for extensive few of the accomplishments of this out­ tween nations anywhere on the globe. But studies, NASA noted, and hopefully correlate that is a deceptive picture. Pressures for war its findings with observed earth dynamics standing community leader. are building, yet our mechanisms for achiev­ phenomena. ing peace are no better than at any other Lageos should have a useful life of about time in history. 50 yea.rs, but will remain in orbit for more Today, we honor our war dead--over 400,000 than eight million years, program. officials NEED FOR TWO-PARTY BALANCE since the Civil War. We Will honor them best said. IN CONGRESS . With a promise that no more dead heroes will The satellite carries a plaque showing join them, and with the acknowledgement earth's continental land masses as they prob­ that there is no glory in war, and no high ably appeared 225 milllon years ago, as they HON. JOHN J. RHODES honor in an ignominious death on a savage are today and as they are expected to be 8.4 OF ARIZONA battlefield. million years from now. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Abraham Lincoln pledged, over a century Cost of the satellite, together with its ago "that these dead shall not have died in launch rocket, was given as about $8.5 mil­ Friday, June 11, 1976 vain." lion. Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, for quite If the purpose of their death was to bring an end to the causes of war, we have not kept some time I have been telling as many that pledge. If the war dead a.re speaking to JACK ARAKELIAN, COMMUNITY people who will listen that the inability us of futility of their sacrifice, we have not LEADER of Congress to legislate effectively is a listened. direct result of the fact that one party If, in a desperate grasping for self-justifi­ HON. GEORGE E. DANIELSON has controlled Congress for 39 out of the cation, we tell ourselves that death on the last 44 years. This is not a partisan ar­ battlefield is our youth's finest hour, we have OF CALIFORNIA gument. I admit freely that had the sit­ not matured and we have not learned-and uation been reversed and my party con­ we have broken faith. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trolled Congress during this inordinate Friday, June 11, 1976 length of time, the same deterioration Mr. DANIELSON. Mr. Speaker, I rise in the legislative process could have NEW SATELLITE EXPECTED TO on this occasion to pay tribute to a man taken place. Our system of government HELP IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING who has devoted his life and energies to works best when there is periodic switch­ OF EARTHQUAKES the soical and moral betterment of the ing of party control. Unfortunately, that southern California community. has not been the case with regard to Jack Arakelian and his family, wl!o Congress. HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE are residents of the city of Montebello I was delighted to read an editorial in OF TEXAS in the district which I represent, are the Washington Star of June 8, 1976, which makes this very point. With com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES leaders in community affairs. On Satur­ day, June 26, 1976, they will be honored mendable insight, the Star has observed: Friday, June 11, 1976 at a testimonial dinner, the proceeds The failures and successes of the House Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, the human of which will go to help :finance the City as an institution in that long and eventful period of our history are the failures and tragedies resulting from recent earth­ of Hope, a health and medical center of successes of a nearly unbroken one-party quakes make us even more aware of the southern California. reign. It is difficult to say what the institu­ need to better understand and predict Jack is a man with boundless energy tional costs are, since we have had no oppor­ earthquakes. Last month NASA launched and a zest for life which amazes .all of· tunity to try the alternative. It 1s reasonable a satellite to assist scientists in this ob­ us who know him. to believe them considerable. jective. For the information of my col­ Similar to many of the leaders in the Mr. Speaker, all the public opinion leagues, I am including in the RECORD an community, Jack has achieved success polls available reveal that the American article by Marvin Miles which was pub­ through his virtues of hard work, talent, people are not satisfied with Congress' lished in the Los Angeles Times: and determination. As a young immi­ performance. Simple logic demands that A NASA satellite resembling a giant golf grant from Armenia, he worked his way ball was launched Tuesday from the Western through school. Always mindful of the the people give another party a chance Test Range at Vandenberg Air Force Base to struggles he endured, he is today an out­ to change things for the better. improve the understanding of earthquake standing leader in the fight to improve The editorial follows: mechanisms. Armenian educational programs. As LEADERSHIP IN THE HOUSE Called La.geos-for Laser Geodynamic chairman of the Armenian Education It is usually said of Rep. Carl Albert, as he Satelllte-the spacecraft ls expected to dem­ prepares to resign the House Speakership, onstrate the capablllty of laser satelllte Foundation he has been responsible for that he is a nice man of enlightened outlook techniques to measure the movement of raising the funds needed to support who practiced the passive virtues-patience, large land masses called tectonic plates and Armenian cultural and church schools consultation and deference. And it is usually study earth shifts along critical faults such and to provide scholarships and other said of his all but anointed successor, Rep. as California's San Andreas fault. :financial aid to deserving students. Thomas P. (Tip) O'Neill Jr., that his leader­ Lageos is a 24-inch aluminum sphere with I often wonder myself where does he ship Will be considerably more commanding. a brass core, a solid, 903-pound satellite that find the time. Let me list a few of his That change of leaderly styles would prob­ contains no moving parts or electronic com­ associations: He is a leader in the live­ ably be welcome, although the House has a ponents. way of confounding energetic expectations. On its surface it carries 426 three-dimen­ stock industry, a director of Garfield It's probably a mistake to look to the House sional prisms called retroreflectors that give Bank, and serves as vice president of for heroic leadership. Thomas Jefferson it the dimpled appearance of a large golf Constitution Savings and Loan Associa­ thought the lower house would gush legisla­ ball. tion. In addition, he is active as a Shriner tive notions piping hot, needing the "sena­ The prisms are designed to reflect the light and Rotarian. torial saucer" for cooling. But that assess- June 11, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17817 ment tells us more of Mr. Jefferson's wishful his life in the accident and two other sider man's efforts to explain and control his enthusiasm for popular government than of :firemen were injured. environment. In their continual struggle for his institutional judgment. survival, the Eskimos confront basic ethical William S. White hit closer to the mark in The parents of Mr. Contres, Mr. and Mrs. John J. Contres, Sr., have received issues on the harshest possible terms. calling the House a "home place," a focus of MACOS addresses these issues directly and humdrum activity that often contrives to several honors on behalf of the contribu­ leads students to examine the processes in­ conceal the abllities of its considerable array tion made by their son. Obviously, these volved in making responsible decisions which of first-class talents. That is what made the honors cannot make up for his loss. affect other people and the community. The House Judiciary Committee's impressive im­ I hope that through these remarks, need to explain and control the environment , peachment proceedings a startling education however, I can add to the knowledge of and the ab111ty to make ethical decisions for the.public. Imagination and ability reared emerge as unique human characteristics. their heads, and the House leadership was Mr. and Mrs. Contres that Congress and powerless to hide them from the public. the Nation recognizes the tremendous As individuals who have completed the Usually, however, the House leadership contribution being made by volunteer MACOS course, we believe that MACO$ em­ manages to accentuate the "home place" :firemen thtoughout the United States. phasizes many important skills, concepts and character-!..the localism, the volatile provin­ Our communities benefit tremendously values. Because the teaching method ls ex­ cialism the institution cherishes-and to from the effort of these individuals, and citing and relies on student participation, some degree rightly. "The great failure of the students learn to listen and to respect dif­ I hope Congress and all our citizens will ferent points of view. As students become House," wrote D. W. Brogan some years ago, continue to recognize and properly re­ "is not in its· performance of its legisla­ involved in decision making, they learn to tive . . . or its · investigatory functions, but ward this dedication and service. The conslde'r alternatives and to anticipate the its failure to impress on the public mind parents and families of all our volunteer consequences of a particular course of action. that what it is doing is necessary, is worth­ :firemen should share with our communi­ In MACOS students gain an understand­ while, ls interesting." ties a great sense of pride for the work ing of the similarities and differences between If Mr. O'Neill is chosen to succeed Mr. Al­ of volunteer :firemen. people, customs and behaviors. MACOS bert as Speaker, the majority leader's post teaches students not to judge a culture or is expected-typically-to pass to one of two religion as being "wrong" for simply being gentlemen: one celebrated for his scholarly different from their own. It teaches students knowledge of the House's institutional mys­ IN DEFENSE OF MACOS that understanding and respecting the cus­ teries; the other storied in the arts of parlta­ toms and beliefs of others does not lnvali­ mentary manipulation. To the public, if we da te one's own beliefs. may be pardoned for saying so, it looks like HON. JAMES P. (JIM) JOHNSON We feel that the most important aspect of a contest between a monk and Machiavelli. MACOS is its emphasis on traditional values. Either choice would promise more of the OF COLORADO The indispensability of the family and its rather inbred style that the House seems to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES role in human life, and the necessity for prefer. Friday, June 11, 1976 structure and order in society are stressed One of the principal problems of the House, throughout the course. to be sure, ls a problem that only the voters Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. Near the end of the adult course, a num­ could correct-and they seem unlikely to do Speaker, Members of Congress are famil­ ber of Pouclre Rl students who had com­ so. We are not speaking of salutary unseat­ iar with the criticisms which have been pleted or were currently taking MACOS met ings that a number of constituencies might directed toward the MACOS (Man: A with us. These students were enthusiastic contribute if they would, but of the fact that Course of study) social studies course. about the ideas and skills developed and while the executive branch has changed party Recently, a school district in Colorado about the materials and methods used in hands fairly regularly in the last quarter cen­ MAC OS. tury the House has changed hands (and that offered this course to interested adults. Several of the adult participants pre­ The understanding of man and the ap­ briefly) only twice since 1932. proach to ethical questions presented in Thus the failures and successes of the pared a commentary on MACOS which MACOS have made it appealing to many pri­ House as an institution in that long and I commend to my Colleagues. vate and parochial schools. These schools see eventful period of our history are the failures Following is the text of the article by MACOS as supportive of sound values bee.a.use and successes of a nearly unbroken one-party Elaine Boni, Glen Brink, Jack Brouil­ it deliberately stimulates children to think reign. It ls difficult to say what the institu­ lette, Mary Ann Burridge, Isabelle De­ independently and responsibly about issues tional costs are, since we have had no oppor­ Meio, Ru..th Francis, Ken Klopfenstein, which they never really thought about before. tunity to try the alternative. It is reasonable Public schools face the problem of prepar­ to believe them considerable. and Dolores Williams as it appeared in the June 3, 1976, Fort Collins Colora­ ing our children for the world of the future. The complacency in petty matters that does How will man cope with the major social the House so much harm in the eyes of the doan IN DEFENSE OF MACOS issues of war, poverty, injustice, human re­ public can probably be traced in large part lations and the like? These human problems to having had the same in-crowd for so long. The sixth grade social studies course Man: require social solutions. Public education The Wayne Hays scandal, symptomatic of A Course of Study (MACOS) was offered to this complacency, does offer the House a alone cannot solve these major social prob­ interested adults in the Pouclre Rl School lems. It can, with the help of the family, the chance to demonstrate that it is made of District this past school year. More than 60 church and other institutions, be an impor­ sterner stuff than we usually suppose. It ls people began the course; about 20 completed tant influence in the right direction. encouraging that the prospective Speaker, it. Courses such as MACOS teach our children in contrast to the incumbent Speaker, has The course was taught by Roger Killion, to address critical social issues. We thank moved out front in the maneuvering to dis­ Bill Lamperes and Ron Finney. We wish to you, Pouclre Rl, for offering our children this cipline the errant administrative boss of the thank them for their dedication and effort, exciting, meaningful and basic course. House._Perhaps that ls a sign of better days and their excellent presentation of the to come. course. MACOS gives sixth grade students a basic understanding of the nature of man. The IN RECOGNITION OF JOHN central question posed by MACOS is "What PRAISE FOR SPEAKER OF THE CONTRES, JR. makes man human?" The course identifies HOUSE characteristics of man which make him unique among all forms of life. The first half HON. JOHN P. MURTHA of the course contrasts man with three a.ni­ HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI OF PENNSYLVANIA mal species: the king salmon, the herring OF KENTUCKY gull, and the free-ranging baboon. These IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES contrasts demonstrate man's abiltty to nur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, June 11, 1976 ture and educate his young, his use of lan­ Monday, June 7, 1976 guage, his abiUty to learn, his technical Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, I want to skills, and his unique capacity for social Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I wish to say a few words in honor of a constituent behavior and social invention. add my voice to those who have praised of mine who gave his life while serving The last half of MACOS deals with the you for your years of service to this House his community as a volunteer :fireman. Netsilik Eskimo. The study of this traditional and to the Nation. Your leadership has tribal culture shows that while geography guided the House through one of the se­ Last November John "Jim" Contres, and climate do not determine human be­ Jr., was the driver of a tank truck that havior, they may limit the range of choices verest crises in our history. was responding to a barn fire. The truck by directing most energy toward survival. The It is with some resignation that we skidded on slippery pavement and over­ problems of getting food in a hunting s?ciety acknowledge your decision to retire after turned, catching fire. Mr. Contres lost where game ls scarce leads students to con- this term. 17818 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1976 Under your leadership the House has deported by the Soviet Union. But some ing proposals to tighten ellgibiUty require­ of the former prisoners managed to sur­ ments for welfare. made progress toward restoring the pub­ He noted that more than two-thirds of lic's confidence in our system of govern­ vive. A few even reached the United USDA's $15 billion budget ls for welfare ment and in the legislative branch of States, and they readily testified to the which, he said, should be transferred to the Federal Government. inhuman conditions of life and to the Department of Health, Education and Wel­ Of all the tasks before us perhaps cruelty of their imprisonment. fare instead. nothing supercedes our responsibility to I would like to ask my colleagues to Food stamp fraud and welfare cheating , restore the shattered trust of the Amer­ join me in the observance of this anniver­ a.re far too preponderant and far too easy, ican people in this Congress. sary and to commend the courage of the Butz told reporters. He noted an ad in a Lithuanians, Latvians, and Estonians in national magazine with the Headline: "You In this Mr. Speaker, we honor you-for can make $16,000 and still get food stamps." your upright leadership and correctness their continuing struggle for freedom. For $3.50, the advertiser offered to send infor­ 'in your relationships with others. · mation on how to obtain the stamps. It is interesting to note that for about "It's wrong to feed students at the Uni­ 40 percent of the Members of this House, versity of Missouri whose parents drive you are the only Speaker under whom we SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE Buicks," he said. "It's wrong to feed strikers have served. Thus, you have had a pro­ SPEAKS OUT ON WELFARE RE­ who voluntarily strike." FORM AND FARM PROBLEMS Butz said that through vartous federal pro­ found influence-personal and legisla­ grams, including school lunches and food tive-on a great number of the leaders stamps, it ls possible for a youngster to quali­ of the Nation. fy for eight free meals a day. Mr. Speaker, your presence will be HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK The Secretary of Agriculture was in Kan­ missed but your influence will still be oF omo sas City for a joint meeting of the Founda­ here. We wish you health, happiness, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion for American Agriculture and the Farm personal fulfillment in your retirement Federation. He spoke at a dinner for the years--of which I hope there are many. Friday, June 11, 1976 group hosted by Farmland Industries. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, Earl He told reporters that President Ford has asked him to remain as head of USDA if Butz has done an outstanding job as Sec­ Ford ls elected this fall, and indicated that retary of Agriculture. He has consis­ he probably will, in spite of his age ( 66) . A THffiTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF tently fought for the best interest of the new farm bill will be enacted in 1977 after THE DEPORTATION OF BALTIC farmer, even when this has meant suf­ current legislation expires and Butz said he PEOPLES TO SIBERIA fering great personal abuse. Although would be "strongly tempted" to stay and his pro-farmer stance has not always fight for it. made him popular with liberal big-city Butz said that he ls declaring war on the "regulations upon regulations" that are "ty­ HON. DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR. Congressmen, I respect his etiorts on be­ ing our hands behind our backs." He named OF MICHIGAN half of the agricultural community. EPA, OSHA, FDA and his own USDA as the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Secretary Butz recently spoke before worst offenders. a farm group in Kansas City. I was im­ "How much cost do you think we've added Friday, June 11, 1976 pressed by the remarks he made on wel­ to the price of a tractor with OSHA?" he Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. Speaker, this year, fare reform and problems facing our asked, then guessed "about $1,000, I'd say." about 1 million Americans of Baltic The regulations are getting worse, he said, Nation's farmers. telling a story about "some young squirt descent are commemorating the 35th I strongly agree with his comments on from OSHA" teaching an experienced fa.rmer­ anniversary of the mass deportations of the need to tighten food stamp eligibility friend of his how to spray his trees. Lithuanians, Latvians, and Estonians to requirements. Due to a lack of proper "The most powerful man in the USDA Siberia which took place on June 14-15, standards the cost of this program has isn't Earl Butll!," Butz said. "It's some young 1941. During these first arrests, 100,{)00 skyrocketed to more than $5 billion a man who writes 'C Subsection C.' The most persons were deported to various places year. Presently there is no maximum in­ powerful people in goverment are the little in Asian Siberia. This was done to subdue nameless GS-12s who write the regulations. come limit to qualify for food stamps. No They're not vicious people. But they never the Baltic States, which had been il­ minimum age exists for eligibility as a spent any time on a farm.'' ' legally occupied by the Soviet Union household. College students whose par­ It's difficult to fight the regulators, Butz against the will of the people. ents' earn high salaries may qualify. said. "It means eliminating jobs." The Soviet government began plan­ Even those who are on strike from their Butz also attacked labor union regulations ning for mass extermination of the Baltic jobs are eligible to participQ.te in the that add to the cost of food. "It would take people soon after the conclusion of the program. 5 cents off the price of retail beef if we could Hitler-Stalin pact of 1939. According to This is unfair to the taxpayers of our take the featherbedding out of it," he said. data collected by the Lithuanian Red "And boxed beef is a prime example.'' The country. Food stamps should be used meatcutters' union opposes the shipment of Cross, 34,260 persons were deported from only to help people truly in need. boxed beef. "We're shipping a half a truck­ Lithania, 35,102 from Latvia, and 33,500 I also strongly agree on the impor­ load of air when we ship beef carcasses," he from Estonia. All of these people were tance of eliminating burdensome Gov­ said. "Instead it could be broken down at loaded into freight cars with 50 to 60 ernment regulations. We have a host of the plant and we could ship a whole truckful persons in each car. The windows of the Federal agencies-particularly the Occu­ of beef.'' cars were boarded over, husbands sepa­ pational Safety and Health Administra­ Butz promised that the United States will rated from wives, and children separated continue to be a heavy- exporter of farm tion and the Environmental Protection products, pointing out that agriculture was from parents. They all were locked in the Agency-issuing complex, unrealistic the No. 1 source of foreign exchange la.st cars lacking air, food, and water. The and often unworkable regulations on year. long journey from the Baltic States to tractors, pesticides and other vital farm­ Consumers should recognize that exports Siberia killed many of the weak and sick. ing matters. It is time to stop piling reg­ held hold down the price of food, he said. Some dead children were thrown out of ulation upon regulation and get these "Exports mean ca.pa.city production, and ca­ the cars by guards and left by the rail­ pacity production means lower per unit cost agencies off the back of the farmer. and lower prices." road, disregarding the enormous grief Following is an article on Secretary of their mothers. Of the $22 billion in farm exports, $21 Butz• speech as it appears in the May 29, billion is being sold for ca.sh, Butz said, and In the fallowing years, many other de­ 1976 issue of the Farmland News: only $1 billion on easier terms. portations took Place. Baltic deportees "HUNGER LOBBY" FIGHTING WELFARE REFORM; "The fallout of that export income has were transported to northern Russia, BUTZ SAYS MORE ExPORTS PROMISED been tremendous," he noted. "You can see western and eastern Siberia, and Kaz­ it all over the countryside.'' akhstan. They were used for slave labor (By Jill Susan Rowe) The Agriculture secretary attacked the and many of them perished in the mines A powerful "Hunger Lobby" ls perpetuat­ present estate tax exemption as "completely and forests, or they were annihilated by ing work dlsincentives built into this nation's inadequate" and said he supports President welfare program, Secretary of Agriculture Ford's recommendation to raise the exemp­ the cold, the starvation, and diseases Earl Butz charged in Kansas City recently. tion to $150,000. because they lacked proper clothing, "This group can produce 1,000 telegrams The current estate tax "almost forces a. food, and medical attention. Today 10 on any congressman's desk any time it wants farmer to liquidate and gnaws at the very percent of the populations of all three to," he said. Butz accused the group, made structure of the family fa.rm," Butz said. He Baltic nations have been murdered or up of "liberals and bleeding hearts," of fight- criticized a Ways and Means Committee pro- June 11, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17819 posal to apply capital gains tax to farm in­ needs precise standards against which to not charged into the product price there is heritances: "That would be even worse than pla.n future capital expenditures. no incentive for society anywhere to take the present system," he said. "This reflects David Tunderman, of the Council on that into account when it decides what prod­ a growing egalitarianism. It would destroy ucts to produce and what products to buy. incentive, and the very guts of our family Environmental Quality, described an ap­ Because environmental resources are free, farm system is individual incentive." proach to pollution control which he industry and consumers are biased towards helped to implement in Connecticut. Con­ using as much as possible of them. necticut's pollution fees depend on the The market system that we have is in­ business cost5 of complying with pollu­ credibly efficient in sending out and respond­ TAXES ·oN POLLUTION tion limit5. Fees declined as control tech­ ing to price and cost signals. Now they may nology was implemented. Tunderman be the wrong or the right signals. Labor is a found this approach to be flexible, objec­ case where the market response to price sig­ HON. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH tive, and effective. Provisions were in­ nals is good. Labor is costly. You have to pay OF COLORADO a wage rate for it. It is very important in cluded which sharply limited the possi­ the production process. So, society has bent IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bility of bureaucratic overzealousness on over backwards by way of the production Friday, June 11, 1976 the part of the enforcing agency. The techniques it chooses and new technology program has received good support from it finds to reduce the amount of labor per Mr. WIRTH. Mr. Speaker, our environ­ the Connecticut business community. unit of output. As a result, every thirty years mental cleanup effort5 are imposing nec­ Pollution taxes, by readjusting market the amount of la.bar per unit of output is essary costs on both industry and con­ halved, or in other words, productivity dou­ pricing signals, place a price on pollu­ bles. During the past 100 years, therefore, sumers. Shortages of scarce natural re­ tion. The fee per unit of pollutant emitted sources, rising energy demands, and the productivity has increased eight fold, be­ could be set to achieve the desired policy cause labor is expensive. This is a funda­ maintenance of a comfortable standard objective based on the assimilative ca­ mental reason for the improvement in our of living are straining our resolve to pacity of the environment. Polluters living standard. implement pollution control measures. would be under a continuing pressure to Two examples where the system responds These are not sufficient reasons to re­ develop cleaner processes in order to re­ marvelously efficiently to the wrong signals: trench on our urgent environmental duce the cost of this tax. The tax would In the public utility area, the pricing system goals. As we continue our efforts to im­ be neutral in the sense that the polluter provides cheaper and cheaper rates the more prove our treatment of the environment, power you use; block rates. At the upper would be free to choose it5 production end of the rate schedule, rates are below the it is clear that in view of the very high process, raw materials, and products. A long run cost of adding additional elec­ costs involved, we should seek improved means for metering each pollution source trical utility capacity. Over the last twenty methods to administer these cleanup would still have to be undertaken, how­ years, the system has responded beautifully efforts. ever. Unlike the current regulatory ap­ increasing electrical capacity and production The difference between an inefficient proach, the EPA would not have to in­ by leaps and bounds, and excessively, as sig­ and an efficient control policy may make vestigate internal industrial production nals were sent·out all over the economy say­ a difference of billions of dollars and methods. ing that we are going to charge you less for years in the speed of compliance. Our that last unit of electricity than its full cost. Pollution taxes are not a panacea. Al­ Mass transit subsidy: The federal govern­ present pollution control methods, a com­ though I have been favorably impressed ment has subsidized capital costs, not mass bination of effluent standards and the with the potential advantages of such a transit ridership. So, people build great subsidization of pollution control con­ system, it is clear that many difficult monumental wonders which incredibly use struction, have not been an outstanding problems must be faced. The setting of capital, are highly automated, and terribly success. Industry and consumers have equitable and balanced fees for the many expensive. In cities which get subsidies for been reluctant to comply with pollution pollutants will be a major challenge. buying new buses but not subsidies for limit5. Many of the regulations which maintaining and operating buses, those buses Monitoring of point and nonpoint sources are not maintained and operated over about have been set forth have become bogged will require new technology. We must half the life that they could be operated for, down in the courts, are unduly costly and also take notice of the fact that many because the city can buy new ones with a complex in enforcement, or capricious in polluters are not particularly sensitive to large federal subsidy. effect. Alternative policies demand care­ the price mechanism, among them pub­ The fundamental point is that society is ful consideration. lic utilities and municipalities. tremendously efficient in doing what the The Environmental Study Conference, ESC's briefing was an excellent begin­ price and cost signals indicate. And we have as part of their informational service, sent out the signal that environmental re­ ning for a renewed effort to reexamine sources are free. recently sponsored a briefing on an al­ our approach to pollution control legisla­ ternative approach of pollution taxes or In choosing an approach when we began to tion. Such seminars provide an oppor­ address environmental problems, we did not effluent fees. Senator GARY HART and I tunity for the Congress to be better in­ change the price signals, but we regulated; had the pleasure of moderating a dis­ formed, and I hope that interest in this we set up a central regulatory bureaucracy tinguished panel at a well attended and area will stimulate further discussion and to tell everyone precisely how to run each lively briefing. investigation. business and how to reduce environmental Charles L. Schultze, senior fellow of Charles Schultze's lucid and forceful pollution. For a long time we set ambient the Brookings Institution and professor presentation is an excellent introduction standards for water and for air and then, in of economics at the University of Mary­ effect, relied on the courts to enforce ambient to pollution, prices, and public policy. standards against individual viola.tors. Given land, urged that pollution taxes become ESC has prepared an edited transcript the rules of judicial procedure and evidence, an integral part of the market price of his remarks: tracing a violation of an ambient standard mechanism. Placing a price on the use of STATEMENT OF CHARLES L. SCHULTZE AT ESC to any one polluter was not possible. That scarce environmental resources, he BRIEFING ON POLLUTION TAXES approach was a dismal failure and we had to maintained, would provide a continuous The basic problem is that since the indus­ step back. incentive to adopt the best available trial revolution, we have treated environ­ Then in the 1970 water amendments and technology to control pollution. mental resources as free resources; free to the 1972 air amendments we told EPA to go Leonard Lee Lane, director of educa­ everybody to use as a dump and as a sink. in and set emission standards for air and There has been no incentive to economize on water plant by plant, fl.rm by fl.rm. We now tion at the Public Interest Economics regulate directly. When you look at what EPA Cente:r, expanded on Schultze's presenta­ their use; in fact there is an incentive to use as much as possible of these resources. has to do it makes your head swim: tion and suggested reasons why ~ollution The impact on society is serious and perva­ By 1977 a deadline has been set for achiev­ taxes had not received a serious evalua­ sive. Raw materials, production techniques, ing effluent limitations for point sources, tion by the Congress. He has written sev­ and consumer products are designed and other than publicily owned treatment works, eral articles on this subject in Tax Notes. chosen as if environmental resources were which require the application of the best Dan Cannon of the National Associa­ free, and chosen Without concern for en­ practicable control technology currently tion of Manufacturers defended the pres­ vironmental consequences. The true environ­ available. mental costs are not accounted for. Take By 1983, EPA must set effluent limitaton ent regulatory pollution control legisla­ bleached versus unbJeached household paper requiring the application of the best avail­ tion. He argued that fees would detract as a very mundane example. The pollution able technology economically achievable. from business expenditures on pollution conseq.uences of producing unbleached pa­ In addition, in establishing these guide­ control technology, research and devel­ per are far less than for bleached paper. But lines, EPA is charged to take into account opment. Industry, Cannon continued, since the environmental cost of bleaching is the age of equipment and facilities involved QXXII--1124-Part 14 17820 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1976 and the production and engineering processes ta.I pollutants of air and water we can begin. cooperation that has long characterized employed. It will take a long time to learn how to do it the relationship between our two great To avoid court challenges EPA is forced right. You can not set up a new structural nations. into a determination plant by plant, process system overnight. But we must begin to send by process, almost subprocess by subprocess, out the enforceable signal that it is very im­ and age of plant and equipment by age of portant to do something about environ­ plant and equipment, not only of effluent mental pollution and clean up pollution, a THE CASE FOR REQUIRING COST­ standards, but. also of appropriate technology. signal which is enforceable because it sets EFFECTIVENESS IN GOVERNMENT There are 55 thousand point sources of water up incentives and rewards for compliance pollution in this country. With air pollu­ and stronger and stronger penalties for those tion we have essentially the same problea:n a.s who do not. HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS with water pollution and similar regulatory OF IDAHO methods and enforcement. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Once the limits are set, there is no incen­ TERRORISM AGAINST YUGOSLAVIA tive to go any further. With respect to the Friday, June 11, 1976 best available technology, there is an incen­ DIPLOMATS SHOCKS NATION tive not to innovate and find new ways to Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ control pollution. What incentive is there to ing speech by Richard Wood, chairman invent something that raises your costs. The HON. ROBERT McCLORY of the Board of Eli Lilly and Co., goes regulatory method is not future oriented. OF ILLINOIS right to the point. I concur with the gen- · What are the long term implications? We are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tleman's conclusion that no Government selfish. We are setting our eyes far too much Friday, June 11, 1976 regulation should be created until an on immediately achievable objectives by only economic impact statement has been asking what can we do with present tech­ Mr. MCCLORY. Mr. Speaker, the Gov­ nology. This is not a short run problem It is made relating to the regulation's effect a problem for our children and our children's ernment of Yugoslavia is justifiably con­ on the consumer. My colleagues, let us chlldren. There are a fixed quantity of air cerned over the rash of terrorist attacks not kid ourselves. We allow for nice­ and water resources for us to enjoy. The im­ against its embassy here, its missions in sounding regulations and laws with little pact of industrial society on these resource other cities, and its diplomatic person­ heed of the price the consumer is going is pervasive. It is critical that appropriate nel. The latest incident of violence oc­ to be forced to pay. So-called consumer technology be continuously invented and sti­ curred here early Wednesday at the groups often call for these laws, and we mulated for maintenance of a reasonably af­ Yugoslavian Embassy. fluent and working modern society. In turn, pat ourselves on the back that we are institutional structures and social incen­ Two members of the staff were injured, doing a "good tum" for the average guy tive to go any further. With respect to the other suffered shock, and the building in America. To my way of thinking, how­ system to bend its efforts toward achieving sustained heavy damage. ever, the average guy is most interested this long run task. This is the ninth such incident in the in making ends meet and providing a We can follow two approaches: we can United States since May 3, 1975, when better way of life for his family. This preach to urge people to change their life­ the Yugoslavian General Counsel and goal becomes impossible when the costs styles; this is the 'religious' approach and his wife were brutally assaulted in New of food, of housing, of clothing, of drugs, an important one. We can also change the York. of aut.omobiles, of commercial trans­ incentives that confront people. We have to Other acts of violence preceded that. make it profitable and rewarding to be con­ parta tion, of books, of applicances, and tinually searching for ways to make a mod­ These incidents have occurred here in of virtually every other product that the ern society livable and viable under a limited Washington, in New York, and in Chi­ consumer buys are made to soar by un­ number of scarce environmental resources. cago, and, to my knowledge, none has necessary Government regulation. Be­ The future of society depends on conserving been solved. fore presenting Mr. Wood's excellent those resources. Mr. Speaker, the U.S. Government and statements, I would like to direct my col­ With respect to effluent and emission the Government of Yugoslavia enjoy a leagues to one question. How many charges, we can change the price signals long history of cordial relationships. spokesmen for "consumer groups" have we are sending out and pervasively and uni­ In 1975, as a member of the Congress versally send out .the enforceable signal that you talked to recently who were blue­ the environment is scarce, we have got to Interparliamentary Union delegation, I collar laborers? How many worked in economize on it, under effluent charges it had the opportunity of meeting in Bel­ grocery stores, on car assembly lines, in costs to pollute and conversely a firm can grade with Yugoslavia's major political pharmacies, or on farms? And how many make money otherwise by reducing pollution leaders. The conversations were engross­ were self-anointed spokesmen coming and therefore its effluent taxes and charges. ing, enlightening, and reassuring because from professions like the law or educa­ A basic characteristic of pollution control our two countries, although differing tion, and coming from the upper socio­ is that as the percentage of pollutants re­ widely in political systems and political economic levels? If you can honestly moved increases, the costs of going even philosophies, have much in common. answer this question, you might rethink further rise as you get more ambitious: a A State Department spokesman last rising cost curve. Therefore, you can set ef­ your position on who is doing what to the fluent taxes to get any objective you want. Wednesday officially expressed-and I average guy in America. If the tax is set low then clearly it is profita­ quote here- The article follows: ble to pay the charge and continue to pol­ our deep concern over this incident and STATEMENT OF RICHARD D. WOOD, BEFORE lute rather than to cleanup. As you raise our profound regret at its occurrence. COMMISSION ON FEDERAL PAPERWORK the charge, the profit break-even point at I am Richard D. Wood, Chairman of the which you cleanup pollution becomes more The spokesman continued-and I quote again: Board and Chief Executive Officer of Eli Lilly and more stringent. This a.voids that all or and Company. We research, manufacture, and nothing showdown of regulatory standards: Such an act is the most flagrant con­ tradiction to the policy of this Government, market pharmaceutical and agricultural do you put scrubbers in or do you not. We products. all know who wins this 'game of chicken' which ls to strengthen and expand the good relations which we have with Yugoslavia. The essential points that I wish to make 90 percent of the time. Rather than shut and illustrate this morning are the follow­ down an industry the standard is modifled Mr. Speaker, I strongly concur in these ing: or postponed by the government. Therefore, we now usually do not shutdown. This is an official remarks expressing the shock and I. The amount of paperwork required by all or nothing situation rather than a grad­ regret of the United States. They express the government is staggering. So is the cost ual process of raising pollution taxes to my feelings exactly and I am sure they of providing it. The consumer, of .course, make it more and more expensive to pol­ reflect the sentiments of ' the Congress must ultimately pay this cost . lute and thereby creating more and more ?· We believe a large percentage of the in­ and the American people. formation we provide the government is un­ incentives to change the production proc­ I believe that we in the United States necessar y, unused, or both. ess-rather than these all or nothing games are as concerned about such wanton ter­ of chicken in the courts and in Congress. 3. Paperwork is only a symptom. It can rorism as are the leaders and the people and should be treated, but the disease caus­ There are now enough studies done to give of Yugoslavia. I hope our law ...enforce­ ing the symptom is wasteful and nonpro­ us the idea of how to begin using the tax ductive government bureaucracy. approach for common pollutants. Obviously, ment agencies may zero in soon on what­ ever group of ideological fanatics is re­ 4. There are specific and effective ways to for toxic chemicals and certain heavy metals reduce the amount of paperwork and bu­ economic incentives are not :the answer; flat­ sponsible for this campaign. reaucracy without diminishing the benefits prohibition still is. However, for some of the For myself, I apologize to the Govern­ society realizes from legitimate and valid gov­ most pervasive problems in the energy-envi­ ment--and the citizens--of Yugoslavia, ernment regulatory functions. ronment tradeoff and in areas of fundamen- and reaffirm the policy of friendship and Let me briefly illustrate the over~! prob- June ~1, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17821 lem. Our company prepares 27,000 govern­ keting it could produce impressive savings BIG ISLAND STUDENT BEN BALANAY ment forms or reports a year 8lt a cost of for both the FDA and drug companies. · SALUTES AMERICA'S 200 YEARS OF $5,000,000. That, of course, is only the cost Our a,gricultura.1 division works With EPA FREEDOM of gathering specific information and filling on the evaluation and approval of pesticides out the forms or reports. All the necessary and herbicides. The amount of paperwork in­ analysis and background work is conserva­ volved ls best illustrated by this 153-pa.ge HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA tively estimated at another $10,000,000. If computer print-out needed for the informa­ this total of $15,000,000 was theoretically ap­ tion we have submitted on one product. One OF HAWAII plied to only our U.S. pharmaceutical busi­ hundred fifty-three pages of information IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ness, it added approxima,tely 50 cents to the doesn't seem like a. lot, and it isn't. This, Friday, June 11, 1976 price of every prescription for a Lllly medi­ you see, is not the information itself. This cine bought by the public last year. is the index of the information. Ea.ch entry Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, the The hidden cost of paperwork for the gov­ m these 153 pages represents anywhere from Lion's Club in Hawaii is holding a Bicen­ ernment is, of course, incaJculable. Suffice 3 to 3,000 pages of information, all of it on tennial essay contest on the topic "What to say tha,t we have one of the world's largest one product. the Bicentennial Means to Me." I have pharmaceutical research organizations and Once a.gain, the principle of "certified sum­ had the honor of reading the essay of we spend more man-hours filling out govern­ maries," with raw data. available upon re­ ment forms or reports than we do on research quest, should make simple good sense to any one of the finalists in the high school for cancer and heart disease combined. responsible executive in government whether division, Ben Balany of Konawaena High I am providing you with a list of forms he be in FDA or EPA. School on the Island of Hawaii. or reports common to many businesses with The testing of agricultural chemicals, long Through my travels abroad as an offli­ our speclflc suggestions for improvement in before marketing approval is sought, re­ cial of the United States, I myself have content, frequency, or duplication. quires tremendous duplication of informa­ learned to appreciate the unique op­ Perhaps of more interest to you would be tion. Greatly detailed and highly technical portunities offered to all citizens matters unique to our buslness. Because the information is submitted to EPA quarterly of the United States to fully develop safety and effectiveness of our pharma­ a.nd annually. However, the first-quarter data. their potentials, and the high respect ceutical and agricultural products have im­ must be repeated in the second-quarter re­ port, the first- and second-qua.l'ter data re­ accorded Americans by foreigners. portant implications for consumers, we, of Only in relation to the life in other na­ course, work closely with FDA on pharma­ peated in the third-quarter report, and so ceuticals and EPA on agricultural chemicals. on. Since ea.ch report is submitted in tripll­ tions can one fully appreciate the advan­ Our paperwork problems wLth these individ­ ca.te, this means that 12 copies of first­ tages of freedom and the responsibilities ual agencies are .substantial. quarter data. are submitted ea.ch year. Then, our Nation, though much maligned, has just as with drugs for humans, we must Our application to the FDA for a drug for provided, and continues to provide, its supply the information a.11 over again when citizens and residents. Ben Balanay has the treatment of arthritis consisted of the testing is completed and an application 120,000 pages. You heard oorrectly-120,000 for marketing is submitted. captured this spirit of the U.S. position pages. That, of course, was only the original In our dealings with FDA and EPA, the in his essay. copy: Counting the duplica,te and triplicate same basic problems a.rise and the same basic I would like to share this noteworthy copies of certain information required by solutions a.re a.t hand. essay with my colleagues. I would also FDA, the total was over 200,000 pages. The First, the sheer volume of paperwork sent like to express my thanks to Mr. Bill actual weight of the paper was 2,038 pounds. t o ea.ch agency can be reduced dramatically Kennedy, editor of the Hawaii Tribune­ Abount 25 percent of these page&-<>r 30,000 by using "certified summaries" with any of of them--contained information that was Herald, for calling my attention to this the back-up information available if needed. essay. important to the evaluation of the drug by Second, the FDA and EPA requirements FDA. The other 90,000 pages contained in­ that we supply vast amounts of the same The essay follows: credibly detailed records of every patient information o.t two different times in the ESSAY CONTEST WINNERS: THE MEANING OF who received the drug during its 7 years of process of seeking approval for a product is THE BICENTENNIAL testing in humans. Some reports for a. single, simply inexplicable to us and seems con­ (EDITOR'S NOTF.S.-Three Big Island stu­ individual patient were 200 pages long. These trary to even minimal standards of modern dents placed in the finals of the Lion's Dis­ ind,ividua.l patient reports, of course, formed management. trict 50 Bicentennial Essay Contest, "What the basis for the 30,000 pages of important Third, the EPA requirement for submitting the Bicentennial Means to Me. " Ben Ba.la.nay summary information. first-quarter data four different times in one of Konawaens High School placed first in the Common sense tells me, as I hope it does year is equally inexplicable and wasteful. high school division. He received a $500 U.S. you, tha,t something is dreadfully wrong Fourth, just because the FDA and EPA Savings Bond and a certificate. Valerle Osaki when government beHeves itself responsible a.re regulators of the health a.nd safety mat­ of Waia.kea. Intermediate School placed third for-or even ca,pa.ble of-using such a.mounts ters in this country does not mean that these in the intermediate division a.nd Lynn Ariki of information for a.ny worthwhile purpose. agencies should in any way be immune from of Kalaniana.ole SChool was fourth in the Think of the savings in government time a.nd good management practices and common elementary division. They also recieved sav­ money if we were to adopt the principle of sense efforts to achieve efficiencies. ings bond and certificates. Ba.la.nay's essay is "certlfled summaries." Sit81ted simply, this As I said, the paperwork is only a. symp­ presented here. Miss Osaki's and Miss Ariki's means we would have sent the FDA the tom. The causes of the paperwork are the essays will be printed in Friday's Tribune­ 30,000 pages of useful informaition, certified regulations that a.re issued by regulatory Hera.ld.) they we·re based on information contained in agencies. Once in place, these regulations a.re WHAT THE BICENTENNIAL MEANS TO ME the other 90,000 pages, a.nd ma.de any of the virtually impossible to eliminate. But they 90,000 pages available for on-site examina­ When I was very young and attending ele­ never work as well in practice as they looked mentary school, our teacher said to us, tion or analysis. Considering that la.st year in theory. The only way to correct their the FDA received 137 original new drug ap­ "Stand stlll, children, for the flag is being deficiencies, therefore, is to issue more regu­ raised. Notice its color, how beautiful it is." plications, 157 resubmitted. applications, a.nd lations. And so forth, ad infinitum. 966 so-called abbreviated applications, the At that time I couldn't comprehend the full The greatest reduction in government meaning of what she was trying to say. For concept of "certlfled summaries" seems paperwork for any business-large or sma.11- worthy of serious consideration. then my American education had only just ca.n be achieved by limiting agency regula­ begun. Another wa.y to eliminate untold hundreds tions to those that can pass a stiff cost/ As the yea.rs passed and I advanced from of thousands of pages of paperwork for the benefit analysis conducted by competent one grade level to another, I became ex­ FDA is to eliminate a simple duplication professionals independent of the agency posed to the U.S. history and culture. But that is now required. Before a. new drug is issuing regulations or the businesses affected what good will it do me 1f I have nothing given to that first human being, we submit by them. Surely it is not beyond the capacity to compare it to? three or four thousand pages of data about of our political system to have a reasonable I got my first taste of an answer to that how the drug behaves in a. test tube a.nd how degree of common sense prevail between question when I took three trips to the various species of animals react to it. This business and government. This commission Phllippines. The people there look up to you important information is essential to analyze could make a most important contribution in as if you were a god from another world. before human testing begins. Later, when that direction by doing two things: (1) seek­ But so--wha.t is it about America. that we submit the application for marketing the ing the acceptance of "certified summaries" arouses such passions? After all, we're only new drug, exactly the same three or four by FDA a.nd EPA and (2) helping eliminate five percent of the world's population. Why thousand pages must be submitted again the blatant dupllca.tion of information re­ does the rest of the world react so? My an­ (a.nd a.gain in triplicate) because the original quired by FDA and EPA during the testing swer to this explains What the Bicentennial information is, quote, not readily retrievable, and a;oprova.l of a single product. mea.nstome. unquote. We take that to mean nobody can I will be happy to answer any questions. The Bicentennial means the yea.rs of fight­ find it. Eliminating this simple and direct Also present are the two executives at Ell ing-fighting for the . Declaration of Inde­ duplication of information in one applica­ Lilly and Company responsible for regulatory pendence. The blood, sweat and tea.rs work­ tion for testing a drug and another for mar- matters of drugs and agricultural chemicals. ing for progress by the laws set forth by the 17822 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1976

constitution, that it is· possible I'm blessed attending one of the medical schools THE FINEST with freedom of speech, freedom of the press, which has accepted her in the fall. P.S. 6 does enjoy the reputation of being freedom to move about whenever and Ms. Cottroll is but an example of many the finest public school in New York City­ wherever I wish. It means I'm blessed with that is where the Cottroll children attended. public schools, the freedom to worship, to black children who because of her resi­ dence are denied access to the schools in "Whatever it took-false address, traveling assemble with, marry, associate with whom­ there from Englewood, N.J. during one pe­ ever I wish. You may say, "So what?" Well, the "better" neighborhood. However, with riod-that's what we did," said Cottroll. three fifths of the world cannot. concerned parents, Ms. Cottroll overcame Did it pay off?-Cheryl has already been Being American means more is expected of that obstacle and enjoyed a good educa­ accepted by several medical schools and will me when I'm abroad. I'm supposed to know tion at one of the most reputable public take courses at Syracuse University Medical more, spend more, help more, share more. schools in New York City. The Cottroll School this summer--she is anxious to reach Again, "So what?" Well, I believe too many her goal (being a neuro-surgeon) as quickly of us have an "I've got mine, you get yours" family did not move to achieve that goal. Nor did they pay the immense price of as possible. attitude. Half of the world's population is She graduated from Hunter College High malnournished. private schooling which many parents to School, one of New York City's honors high America. means Care packages, the eradica­ are forced do because of zoning restric­ schools ( one in 13,000 eligible applicants is tion of smallpox, the World Bank, emergency tions. Rather, the Cottroll family simply accepted) as class valedictorian in 1972. food relief for Bangladesh, giving military took it upon themselves to bus their two Her brother, Robert had graduated from support, walking on the moon. We can justly children to those schools reserved only Charles Evans Hughes H.S., after transferring be proud of this. I certainly am. for the elite because such schools are lo­ from Stuyvesant H .S. (another of the city's The U.S.A. means the King of the Moun­ cated only in elite neighborhoods. honors schools), as the outstanding grad­ tain. We're envied and we're resented. Envied uate. He won the Achievement Scholarship, because we're first most of the time. Re­ Rather than suffer bureaucratic red­ tape or the familiar "sorry, Cheryl can­ lthe N.Y. State Regent.s Scholarship, sented because we're supposed to care more full scholarships to most Ivy League and being the best, sometimes we do, some­ not attend-because-," the Cottrolls schools-in fact, he had to turn down $38,000 times we don't. Nations copy us; our mode, simply utilized fictionalized addresses in academic scholarships. look forward to our help, yet we get re­ and other "illegal" methods to obtain a He graduated from Yale in 1971, with sen ted. What have other countries given in quality education for their children. honors in American Studies; has earned two ret urn? Much less. So you might say, "Then Mr. Speaker, the point is that while Master's Degrees-a M.A. in History and a we should ignore them." You can't. If you many black children have historically Master of Philosophy in American Studies; do, then you'll only be destroying what Amer­ has completed his studies for his Ph.D. (all icans have fought for; the two hundred years suffered the trauma of school busing, the complaints and protests which are cur­ at Yale), and is teaching at Connecticut of blood, sweat and tears that have made the College. He is listed in "Who's Who Among red, white and blue starid bright and proud. rently undermining the only available Black AmeTicans, 1975-76." The belief in democracy to better your nation method to attain equal education, have Cheryl forsook a promising career as a and others as well. The rest of the world not been an obstacle to these young peo­ singer and actress-although the only Black often sees our diversity. Only we Americans ple because the benefits have for the most in her class, she played the lead in, every understand the mystery of our invisible part 'heavily outweighed the losses. As play given during her tenure at P .S. 6, in­ Union. And the bond serves us in peace as long as schools maintain unequal educa­ cluding the role of Dorothy in the "The well as in war. Wizard of Oz." She was a cotillion queen ait The belief in God and man made America, tional facilities, then we have no -choice but to insure that all children are allowed her church, St. Mark's United Methodist, and but America has also made us what we are. active in Sunday School and Church work. Unlike most nations in history, we are a mix­ equal access to those schools which guar­ ture of a multitude of races, religions and antee first-class education. DECIDES ON MEDICINE cultures. Who can identify us as Americans I would like to give my colleagues the She deciaed to become a doctor before en­ simply by how we look, how we act or by our opportunity to digest for themselves the tering high school and has spent the past names. Yet we know who we are and we have seven summers working in different labora­ been saying so since the birth of this nation, story of the Cottroll experience. Here­ tories and hospitals throughout the city. "Thank God I'm American." with I submit, "Another Angle," au­ Her father a noted photojournalist, former Of course, we have sc much to be thank­ thored by James Hicks and printed re­ managing editor of the N.Y. Amsterdam ful for! We have fuller freedom for self gov­ cently in the New York Amsterdam News, is now director of Public Relations for ern ment and greater opportunity for self-ful­ News: the National Office for Black Caitholics and fillment than ever existed before anywhere ANOTHER ANGLE editor-publisher of its newspaper, Impact! else in this world. Because of the way our (By James L. Hicks) Her mother, who has been employed by the founding fathers have shaped this nation­ National Council of Churches for over 20 winning the independence, taming the wil­ My kids and Bob Cottroll's kids didn't ex­ years, set the pace for the children, when derness, advocating the belief of manifest actly grow up together because we lived in she returned to school and received her de­ destiny, we have the opportunity of being separate ends of the Big Town. gree the same year as her son. called American. But Bob, a long time newsman, and a "Believe in busing? . . . The American society ls still not perfect, former managing editor of the Amsterdam "What do you think? Of course they would but it is still the best. If we continue to News, and I, hung out together often, and have made it anyhow. move on the course set forth by our consti­ we got our kids together as often as time "But that 'busing' to P.S. 6 didn't do any tution to secure the blessings of today so would permit. harm." that we may prosper tomorrow, we will still Needless to say, during the SiXties, we both find ways to better ourselves to bond us worked for school integration and instilled in our kids that busing for integration was into a better and perfect nation. ARTICLE MAKES PROPOSALS FOR In '76 and the future years, the most im­ the best way. portant is the commitment for leadership by Graduation time is here and with it comes FUTURE OF CORPS OF ENGINEERS, all Americans regardless of race, color, or news that busing for integration has paid off RAILROADS creed. for the Cottroll family. Some of the Cottroll 'busing' may have been illegal-but-what the hell! HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL ANOTHER ANGLE Bob's daughter, Cheryl, graduated from OF Il.LINOIS Yale University as a pre-med student this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES year. Both she and her brother, Robert, who had graduated from Yale with honors in 1971, Friday, June 11, 1976 HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL have benefited from the family's private, OF NEW YORK illegal "busing." Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, I was in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "I used to notice those ads in the Sunday terested to read recently a paper written by two University of Illinois professors, Friday, June 11, 1976 rriroes," said Cheryl's father, "describing luxury co-op apartments that sold for over Roger Findley and Bruce Hannon, in Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, at a time $100,000 and with annual maintenance which they make a number of proposals when the Nation is in an uproar over charges of up to $50,000. The bottom line of for changing the mission of the Army school busing the products of the con­ many of the ads read: 'In the P.S. 6 school Corps of Engineers. troversial method to achieve quality edu­ district.' Specifically, they would divert the "When I saw those chauffered limousines cation are busy pursuing the benefits. I delivering kids (all white) there in the morn­ corps from its present responsibilities have in mind, Ms. Cheryl Cottroll, who ing, I made up my mind that my kids were for domestic waterways, and instead recently graduated from Yale Univer­ going to go there too--! knew that the high­ have them concentrate on general trans­ sity this past spring as a premed stu­ est quality education was sure to be pro­ portation engineering with special em­ dent and who is now looking forward to vided there for the 'carriage trade.'" phasis on the railroad system. June 11, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF RE~S 17823 In the course of their discussion, the the revetments decrease the river's cross­ 1975, private railroad companies received professors make some interesting com­ sectional area and thereby increase flood little in the way of public assistance except levels. Similarly, the construction of flood for the federal takeover of intercity passen­ mentaries on related subjects. Frankly, protection levees (parallel to the banks) on ger service by Amtrak in 1971. For 100 years I do not agree with all of their positions; both sides of a river also causes flood levels rates and routes have been federally regu­ I do, however, feel that their paper rep­ to rise as the waters arf: forced down the lated, and for several decades employment resents a valuable resource for all who constricted river bed. As the constriction (union) contracts have been the subject of are concerned with the future of trans­ increases due to additional levee construc­ specific federal legislation. portation in this country. tion, older levees must be raised to give con­ Motor vehicles enjoy the benefit of pub­ Since the Members of Congress as­ tinued protection to the increasingly valuable lic highway systems which connect every property which they enclose. IDtimately, the village and metropolis in the nation. Some suredly fall into that category, I would levees are topped with disastrous conse­ of the federal and state contributions to like to bring the Findley-Hannon paper quences.3 highway construction a.re recovered through to their attention by having it printed Finally, it has been shown that the con­ vehicle fuel use taxes. Large trucks, how­ here in the RECORD: struction projects of the Corps of Engineers ever, do not pay in accord with the damage RAILROADING THE ARMY ENGINEERS: A PRO­ are more energy demanding and create less they inflict upon the highways and thus in POSAL FOR A NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION jobs, directly and indirectly per construction effect are subsidlzed.9 Rates and routes of ENGINEERING AGENCY dollar, than many other federal programs about one-third of total truck traffic are (By Roger W. Findley, Professor of Law, Uni­ and than personal consumption.4 In a special regula.ted.10 versity of Illinois, Visiting Professor of Law case study, the construction of a Corps All air traffic is federally controlled. The at the University of California, Davis and reservoir was found to have a negligible ef­ extensive national electronic plane guidance Bruce M. Hannon, Director, Energy Re­ fect on employment in a town only eight system is provided by the federal govern­ search Group Center for Advanced Com­ miles away which had high unemployment ment, while most airport facilities are pro­ putation, University of Illinois) levels.5 The reasons appeared to be that the vided py loca.l governments which recover The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is a very specialized skills required for heavy part of their costs from airplane opera.tors large competent agency doing the wrong construction are not found in smaller com­ and from the federal government. things. It plans and builds expensive, ineffec­ munities, and that such projects actually Recent studies indicate that mechanized tive and environmentally destructive dams involve few jobs. transportation as a. whole requires approxi­ and reservoirs. At the same time, our emerg­ The Corps is inappropriately located in the mately 42 percent of all energy consumed in ing national transportation program calls Department of Defense. Corps officials have the United States, split about equally be­ for massive rehabilitation of intercity rail indicated that this connection provides valu­ tween passenger and freight movers.11 Planes beds and tracks. Why not reassign the Corps able military construction experience for its and automobiles are the most energy de­ from dams to railroads? Army staff. Environmentalists argue that the manding passenger modes, trains and par­ pervasive presence of the Army's civil works ticularly buses the least.12 Trucks are easily THE NEED TO REORGANIZE THE CORPS OF projects suggests a relationship between al­ the most energy intensive freight mode, ENGINEERS location of the Corps' budget for such proj­ while barges and especially trains are the The Corps of Engineers presently con­ ects and political support for overall Depart­ least demanding.ia Yet rail passenger and structs and operates the system of inland and ment of Defense appropriations. Actually, freight service never has been more de­ intercoastal waterways as well as other water the affiliation probably is a. historical acci­ pressed financially, and the recent federal resources projects for flood control, irriga­ dent. Early U.S. military movements oc­ takeover of seven Northeastern and Midwest­ tion, hydropower, recreation, municipal and curred on water. These operations required ern rail companies may mark the beginning industrial water supply, and water quality skills in river clearing, crossing and control of widesprad railroad nationalization. control. Unfortunately the agency is in nearly operations which have burgeoned into today's The need for a national transportation total control of all phases of such programs, Corps of Engineers. policy and plan never has been clearer. For­ from determination of local needs or desires Because of the Corps' of heavy involvement tunately, the Department of Transportation through promotional activities, cost-benefit in water transportation, a.s well as its ex­ and Congress finally have begun to address justification, engineering and design, con­ perience in railroad building related to res­ the matter. tracting, construction supervision, operation ervoir dislocations, we believe the agency to REORGANIZATION OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS AS and maintenance. It is a.n early and obviously be a. logical and important element in a PART OF THE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION durable example of a completely vertically sensible national transportation program. PROGRAM integrated public agency. Presently, however, it clearly and seemingly We propose that the Corps of Engineers The 225 Army officers and 32,000 civilians unswervingly is engaged largely in a waste­ be transformed from a vertically integrated comprising the Corps spend much of their ful and destructive structural flood control planning, engineering, construction and time and budget (about $1.8 billion per effort. The Corps should be reorganized operating agency, engaged in virtually all year) on increasingly controversial projects.1 functionally in order properly to serve as aspects of water resources development, to a Achievement of multiple purposes is sought the nation's transportation engineering more horizontally integrated water and rail through construction of large reservoirs at agency. Such a restructuring also could transportation engineering agency, with geologically suitable sites on the nation's serve as a model for modernization of other some construction and operating responsi­ rivers. The purposes often conflict. For ex­ governmental agencies whose programs are bilities for navigation facilities and perhaps ample, the storage of a flood behind a large equally outdated. for railroad rights of way. Responsibility for dam raises the water level there to unprece­ THE NEED FOR A NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION flood control and other nonnavigationa.l dented levels. In dry periods, normal reser­ PLAN water related purposes, and for the plan­ voir levels are reduced to meet downstream Since the beginning of the industrial revo­ ning and evaluation of transportation proj­ navigation objectives or local water supply lution both produ<,ers and consuxners have ects, would be located in other agencies, and needs. The drawdown exposes much of the become increasingly centralized. This tend­ the Corps would be moved to the Department reservoir bottom, creating cast mud flats ency has enhanced our dependence on trans­ of Transportation. which, like the high water levels resulting portation systems which have facilitated the Now is the critical time to involve the from flood retention, conflict with the recrea­ centralization process: first waterways, then Corps of Engineers in the job of rebuilding tional purposes of boating, swimming, pick­ railroads and highways, and finally airways. the nation's deteriorated rail trackage. The nicking and hiking. While expenditures for Government intervenes in these systems Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Re­ such reservoirs have increased substantially 14 in varying degrees with subsidies and re­ form Act of 1976 authorizes federal in­ over the yea.rs, so have national flood dam­ vestment of $2.1 billion in the new Con­ ages. This phenomenon stems from an in­ strictions which at least in the past were thought necessary to protect producers and solidated Rail Corporation (ConRail), which herent shortcoming of flood retention struc­ consumers from transport system monopolies has taken over major routes of the Penn Cen­ tures. No dam is designed or able to hold tral and six smaller railroads and wlll oper­ all floods, but the impression of permanent and from each other. The inland water transport system, for example, is completely ate 17,000 miles qf track in seventeen North­ protection encourages development of down­ eastern and Midwestern states.15 The act fur­ stream areas. When the uncontrollable storm subsidized by the federal government. The canal system and locks and dams, through ther authorizes $1.8 billion in loans and loan hits, it must be passed through the dam and guarantees to other railroads to help them the built-up flood plain is innundated with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, receive a. full one-third of all current governmental rebuild track and upgrade equipment, and resulting high damages.2 transport subsidies.a The U.S. Maritime Com­ $1.85 billion in grants to improve Amtrak The Corps' non-reservoir navigation and mission also provides low interest loans for service, primarily through reconstruction of flood control work on large rivers also serves waterway equipment.7 Only a.bout eight per­ deteriorated tracks between Boston and Washington, D.C. to increase the peril of storm runo~ The cent of inland waterway traffic (ton-miles) is Corps constructs permanent revetments into federally regulated as to rates an·d routing.s Track maintenance by most railroad com­ a river (at right angles to the banks) to Until this year the railroad system for the panies in recent years has been sorely defi­ increase the velocity of the normal stream­ most part was privately owned and operated. cient. Since 1930 freight car speeds and wheel flow so that the water will scour a suitably It received federal subsidies in the form of weights have increased steadily while main­ deep and w_tde channel for barge traffic. But land about 125 years ago to encourage de­ tenance expenditures per ton mile have velopment of a transcontinental land based declined by 80 percent.16 Since 1960 accidents Footnotes at end of article. transport i.ystem. Subsequently, through attributable to nonmaintenance of rights of 17824 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1976 way have increased by a factor of slx.17 In­ axle ranges from 10 to 30 tons, depending on and enforce adequate land use and control surance premium payments and casualty the type of car, one and one-half times that measures to protect new development against reserves of all railroads increased by 235 per­ allowed by European sta.ndards.25 Without the so-called 100-year flood. Such measures, cent from 1965 to 1971,18 suggesting the pos­ reasonable limits, completely rehabilitated in addition to restrictive zoning, include sible substitution of those forms of protec­ trackage will deteriorate rapidly with con­ elevating homes to safe levels, flood proofing tion for track maintenance-a terminal solu­ stant maintenance efforts. Well maintained commercial buildings, anchoring buildings, tion absent public intervention. tracks a.re essential to efficient and safe rail­ providing sufficient drainage, etc. The final system plan governing ConRa.ll's road operation, .particularly passenger opera­ Where public flood control structures such operations 1& contemplates large scale re­ tion. It is practically not possible to main­ as dikes and levees are needed, they should habilitation of its tracks and road beds. The tain existing tracks for the profitable opera­ be provided by state or local governmental Regional Rall Reorganization Act of 1973, tion of both 100-ton freight cars and 125 units with power to assess the costs against which created ConRail, specifically au­ mile-per-hour passenger trains.26 Given the direct beneficiaries. Much of the political thorizes the Corps of Engineers to consult present condition of most intercity roadbeds, popularity of Corps reservoirs has stemmed with and assist ConRail in the rehabll1ta­ Amtrak has not had a fair opportunity to test from the fact that the nation's taxpayers, tion.20 In response to this authorization the the viability of a modern ran passenger serv­ not the benefited landowners, foot the flood Corps has prepared a study elaborating its ice system in this country: Such an opportun­ control bill.:n "extensive" capab111ty to participate in both ity will require major rehabilitation plus Where reservoirs are desirable for recrea­ planning and construction.21 During the past either a combination of wheel-weight and tional, water supply or water quality pur­ twenty-five years, as a result of railroad re­ speed limits plus adequate maintenance, or poses, they also should be built by the states locations necessitated by reservoir construc­ dedication of some tracks exclusively to pass­ or their political subdivisions, not by the tion, the Corps has been probably the largest enger and light-freight traffic. Corps or other federal agencies. Too often in railroad builder in the United States, having The foregoing assignments to the Corps of recent years these purposes have been the designed and constructed more than 1,500 responsibllities related to rail transportation real reasons for ostensible flood control proj­ miles of railways at a cost of over $1.25 bil­ should be made only if accompanied by steps ects built by the Corps and far too heavily lion.22 to terminate the agency's authority outside federally subsidized.32 With respect to railroads other than Con­ the transportation field. Continuation of the Irrigation and hydropower projects are Rail, track rehabilitation utilizing federal other authority would divert attention and built principally in Western states in which loans, guarantees and grants available under resources from the railroad reconstruction the Bureau of Reclamation is authorized to the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory mission. Even more importantly, the Corps' operate. Removal of such projects from the Reform Act could be designed and carried out other functions-flood control, recreation, Corps' range of activities need not foreclose by the Corps under contractual arrangements water supply and other nonnavigational as­ the possibility of federal construction in ap­ with the private owners and Amtrak. pects of water resources development-reflect propriate situations. However, we see competitive and main­ largely outdated national policies or could The new annual budget for the Corps of tenance advantages in public ownership of more appropriately be performed by other Engineers could be as high as $1.2 blllion, all intercity railroad rights of way. It would federal, state or local agencies. In addition, about $600 million each for waterways and be a major 'Step toward more equitable gov­ within the context of water and rail trans­ railroads. This estimate of railroad costs in­ ernmental intervention in and competitive portation, the Corps' activities should be cludes rehabilitation of the tracks taken over opportunity among the several transporta­ restricted to engineering, construction and by ConRall and comprising about one-fourth tion modes, these being the prime elements maintenance. The planning and evaluation of all U.S. trackage.33 It does not include such of the national transportation policy recent­ functions which it currently performs in con­ major needs as separated-grade-road ly outlined by Secretary of Transportation nection with water resources projects should crossings. Coleman.211 Publicly owned tracks, like public be reassigned to avoid the bootstrap or solu­ CONCLUSION highways, waterways and airways, could be tion-in-search-of-a-problem approach so common with mission oriented planning and The net results of the organizational opened to a wider range of users. Not only changes which we propose would be to realign could there be more competition among rail­ construction agencies. Finally, consistent with its new focus on national transportation our national water resources programs in road companies on particular routes, but accord with current social priorities, to fa­ users might include shippers themselves, engineering, the Corps should be moved from the Department of Defense to the Depart­ cilitate adoption and implemention of a. such as coal and steel companies, and per­ rational and badly needed national trans­ haps even one-engine operations analogous ment of Transportation. The Corps is es­ sentially a civllian agency, with the ifew hun­ portation policy of essentially uniform gov­ to "gypsy" truckers who haul much of the ernmental intervention in the different freight on our highways. Users would pay dred military officers spending brief tours of duty serving as figureheads for a bureau­ modes, to utmze more beneficially the Corps fees based on wheel weights, velocity and fre­ of Engineers' engineering and construction quency of use, the fees being proportional to cracy of tens of thousands of nonmilitary personnel who in fact are the promoters, capab111ties, and to establish a desirable prec­ damage caused and sufficient to cover all edent for functional reorganization of other maintenance and replacement. (The same planners and builders of Corps projects. At the top of the list of functions to be federal agencies. The physical needs of the fee rule should cover highway and waterway national rail transport system, both in ab­ users.) Such a system, of course, would re­ transferred from the Corps is flood control. The Corps itself recognizes that there has solute terms and in social importance be­ quire substantial revision of the regulatory been a remarkable change in national atti­ cause of energy and employment considera­ program of the Interstate Commerce Com­ tudes toward the building of reservoirs to tions, far exceed those of the nonnavigational mission, but changes in I.C.C. practices are withhold flood waters. In the words of its aspects of water resources development which due in any event.H The Railroad Revitaliza­ last Director of Civil Works: for decades have occupied the Corps' atten­ tion and Regulatory Reform Act gives rail­ "Only after we have thoroughly exhausted tion and too large a piece of the federal budg­ road companies new freedom to raise and all other alternatives, in particular those et. Now we should trim the fat and respond lower fares without commission approval, to labeled nonstructural solutions, will the pub­ to more pressing contemporary issues. enable them to compete more evenly with lic accept structural solutions. This is quite FOOTNOTES other freight haulers. A basic objective of a. change in the national attitude which ex­ further changes should be to minimize total 1 Findley, R., "The Planning of a. Corps of isted just 10 or 15 years ago, As a result, I Engineers Reservoir Project: Law, Economics (private and publlc) costs and to recover the see the Corps role in flood control changing public costs through user fees. While public and Politics," Ecology Law Quarterly, Vol. S, significantly." 21 ownership and expanded usage of tracks pp. 1-106 (1973). would pose problems of traffic control, they The Corps' responsibility for flood control 2 Task Force on Federal Flood Control Pol­ should be soluble. should be turned over to the Department of icy, A Unified National Program for Manag­ The Corps of Engineers ma.nages similar Housing and Urban Development. HUD ad­ ing Flood Losses, House of Representatives problems, though not of the same magnitude, ministers the national flood insurance pro­ Document No. 465, 89th Congress, 2d Session at locks on inland waterways, and the Federal gram 28 and works most closely with state and (1966). Aviation Administration handles much local land use planning agencies whose in­ s Belt, C., The 1973 Flood and Man's Con­ greater ones in the airways. Some agency volvement is essential in any floodplain man­ struction of the Mississippi River, Science, within DOT could do so for railroads. agement program. To informed persons it has Vol. 189, pp. 681-84 (Aug. 29, 1975). Regarding maintenance, we are not san­ been clear for many years that the dam-a.nd­ ' Hannon, B., and Bezdek, R., "The Job guine a.bout leaving it to private railroad reservoir approach to flood control has been Impact of Alternatives to Corps of Engineer.. companies. Experience has shown them and not only expensive but counterproductive. It Projects", Engineering Issues, Vol. 99, No. their parent corporations to be inclined to has encouraged human encroachment and PP4, pp. 521-31 (Oct. 1973); Bezdek, R., and divert funds to other purposes, sometimes development on floodplains without protect­ Hannon, B., "Energy, M.anpower and the unrelated to the railroad business. Public ing against the largest and most destructive Highway Trust Fund," Science, Vol. 185, pp. ownership of the rights of way would permit floods. The result has been constantly and 669-75' (Aug. 23, 1974). the government, through the Corps of Engi­ rapidly increasing flood losses.211 The only i; Hannon and Bezdek, Note 4. neers, to insure a high level of maintenance feasible way of reducing such losses is a • Association of American Railroads, Eco­ after rehab111tation of tracks and related comprehensive program of floodplain man­ nomics and Finance Department, Govern­ facillties. An important part of maintenance agement, a fact finally recognized in the fed­ ment Expenditures for Highw:ay, Waterway, llll.ust be enforced limits on wheel weights and eral Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973.30 and Air Facilities, and Private Expenditures train speeds. In the United States it is re­ The act denies flood insurance and financial for Railroad Facilities, Tables 5, 7, 10, 11 ported that the average load per freight car assistance to communities which fall to adopt ( 1973). June 11, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17825

7 Sebald, A., "Energy Intensity of Barge torial appeared in the Press Publications, history, a national committee chairman, and Railroad Freight Hauling," Tech. Memo. serving DuPage and western Cook Coun­ intimate Presidential adviser, Postmaster 20, Center for Advanced Computation, Uni­ ties, Ill., on Wednesday, May 26. It re­ General and key New York State tacti­ versity of Illinois, Urbana. ferred to the tremendous cost of Govern­ cian. I am sure if FDR had not run in s Hannon, B. "A Railway Trust Fund," Transportation Research, Vol. 8, pp. 363-72 ment programs and their relationship 1940, he would have been our President. (1974). to the tax burden that business concerns He was revered whether as an "affable e Oehman, J., and Bielak, S., "Allocation and their employees must bear, and I Irish giant" or as a "kingmaker"; he of Highwa.y Cost Responsibility and Tax Pay­ want to call it to the attention of the was a friend to people from every walk ments, 1969" (U.S. Department of Trans­ Members: of life-from Popes to altar boys,. from portation, Bureau of Public Roads, Federal UNSUNG MINORITY Prime Ministers to filing clerks, from Highway Administration, 1970). A small news item may have escaped the Presidents to pages-perhaps to more 10 Hannon, Note 8, p. 366. eye of some persons but it significantly sums people than any other man of his genera­ 11 Herendeen, R., "An Energy Input-Output up what is happening in the country today Matrix for the United States, 1963: User's tion. and why the country has problems. Mr. Speaker, Jim received honorary Guide," Document No. 69, Center for Ad­ In effect, it said more persons are getting vanced Computation, University of Illinois, direct government payments than are em­ degrees from an incredible 25 universi­ Urbana (1973). ployed in private industry. ties-the list sounds like a travelog of 12 Hannon, B., "Energy Conservation and Perhaps it was only coincidental but the the United States. Although he gradu­ the Consumer," Science, Vol. 189, pp. 95-102 next item said the United States no longer ated from Stony Point High in 1905 and ( July 11, 1975). has the highest per ca.pita income in the studied bookkeeping for 9 months at ia Sebald, Note 7. world. u Public Law 94-210 signed by President Packard Commercial School, he only re­ Those who fail to understand the correla­ cently received his New York regents Ford on February 5, 1976. tion between the two items should go back 1s United States Railway Association, Exec­ diploma. He was fond of saying that his utive Committee, Final System Plan for re­ and take a basic high school economics education began after he left Stony organizing the bankrupt railroads of the course. After completion of the economics course Point. Northeast and Midwest Region (July 26, He always emphasized the human; he 1975) . Two thousand miles of tracks which the younger generation might find the basis the Plan proposed for acquisition by the for a new crusade, climaxed by a march on was known to hundreds of thousands, Chessie System and the Southern Railway Washington to demand an accounting of the hoth Democrats and Republicans, and were rejected by them and added to Con­ taxpayers' funds. everyone called him · by his first name. Rail's holdings. New York Times, Febru­ In 20 or 30 yea.rs the older generation will lfls personal letters signed in green ink ary 13, 1976, p. 45. be gone and j;he under-30 age group will be were familiar to all with whom he came 10 Hannon, Note 10. saddled with an enormous debt piled up by in contact. 11 Id. the present fiscally irresponsible legislators I want to take this opportunity to ex­ 18 Id. who dally bow to demands for handouts. tend my deepest condolences to Betty, 10 Final System Plan, Note 15. Aml, James Jr. and the rest of the fam­ 211 45 U.S. Code 701, et seq. 21 Department of the Army, Office of the ily. Jim Farley had the respect of every­ Chief of Engineers, Regional Rail Reorga­ HE WAS EVERYTHING A MAN one in politfos on both sides of the aisle nization Act of 1973, Capability of the U .S. SHOULD BE and I know we will dearly miss his keen Army Corps of Engineers to Participate sense of humor and irresistable charm. (January 1974). He was everything a man should 2, Id., p. 10. be. 23 Coleman, w., "A Statement of National HON. JAMES J. DELANEY Transportation Policy" (U.S. Department of . OF NEW YORK Transportation, September 17, 1975). 24. Id. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS FACING 26 Rail Carload Cost Scales, 1972, Statement Friday, June 11, 1976 URBAN NATIVE AMERICANS-­ No. 101-76, p. 150 (Interstate Commerce PART IV Commission, Bureau of Accounts, October, Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, it is tough 1974). See also: Union Internationale des to be in the public eye, especially in the Chemins de Fer, Code 700-0R, Classification national spotlight, over a long period of of (rail) Lines. years. Jim Farley was. Known and loved HON. DONALD M. FRASER 28 Riestrup, P., "Amtrak: Its Present as a national :figure for over 40 years, his OF MINNESOTA Status," Statement before the Transporta­ image comes through as fresh and un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion Research Board, Summer Railroad Re­ search Study, Woods Hole, Mass., ( July blemished with his passing as it did on Friday, June 11, 1976 the day he started out in politics. Jim's 1975). Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, I would 27 Morris J., "A Time for Reflection," Water service to community, State, Nation, and Spectrum, Vol. 7, p. 6 (Fall 1975). church is a legend that no man, no mat­ like to call my colleagues' attention to 28 National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as ter how bright his intellect, how big his the fourth article in a five-part series amended by Flood Disaster Protection Act of heart, or how enduring his stamina could on Indian education which recently ap­ 1973, 42 U.S. Code 4001 et seq. approach. Jim was my friend. I will peared in the Minnesota Daily, the Uni­ 2e White, G., Human Adjustment t.o greatly miss him. versity of Minnesota newspaper. This Floods (University of Chicago, Department Jim Farley was "born a Democrat" article, written by Patrice Vick, looks at of Geography, Research Pa.per No. 29, 1945); programs in Minneapolis that are de­ Task Force report, Note 2. back on May 30, 1888, the second of five ao Note 28. sons of a New York Irish Democrat who signed fer Native Americans who have left the traditional educational sequence. . 31 Findley, Note 1, pp. 43-45. was a brick manufacturer in Grassy 32 Findley, Note 1. Point. His father died when he was only Ms. Vick observes that two types of aa Brine~ar, C., Rail Serviqe in the Midwest 9 years old and, shortly after, his mother programs are particularly valuable to the and Northeast Region. Vol. 1, p. 4 (U.S. De­ Ellen scraped together $1,500 and bought Indian adult who has left school: Courses partment of Transportation, 1974); Final which study Native American culture in System Plan, Note 15. a grocery store with a saloon attached so she could raise money to rear her chil­ a relatively formal academic setting and dren. Jim worked in the saloon. I remem­ tutoring in preparation for the General ber he used to say, Equivalency Diploma examination.-Both TREMENDOUS COST OF GOVERN­ types of programs serve to strengthen a MENT PROGRAMS I tapped many a keg of beer and cleaned many a bottle with buckshot. Native American adult's self-image and to give the individual a sense of confi­ But, he never drank or smoked. He dence in his or her ability to cope with HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI worked summers as a machine boy in a and succeed in the educational system. OF ILLINOIS brickyard for $1 a day. The tutoring programs, especially, con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At the age of 8, Jim was a torchbearer tribute to these feelings by better prepar­ Friday, June 11, 1976 in a local parade for William Jennings ing the adult to enter the job market. Bryan. That marked the humble begin­ Ms. Vick describes the programs of Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, a very nings of a long and illustrious career as three Minneap0Ils institutions: the Min­ sound, penetrating, and thoughtful edi- the most succes:;ful political manager in neapolis Regional Native American Cen- 17826 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1976 ter, the Division of Indian Works under To ease some financial problems of stu­ about themselves so they'll apply for those the Greater Minneapolis Council of dents attending the class, the center also jobs outside Indian organizations." Churches, and Metropolitan Community pays babysitting and partial transportation College. expenses. O'Brien said he thinks the tutoring On May 14 the Minneapolis Tribune classes, like the culture class, build up the reported that the Regional Native Amer­ Indian students' self-image. A WRONGFUL INTERVENTION ican Center held its first graduation cere­ "People without diplomas think their en­ monies on May 13. Beneath a picture of tire schooling is a. failure," he said. Mrs. Gladys Cain, one of the center's The Division of Indian Works, under the HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL Greater Minneapolis Oouncil of Churches graduates, the Tribune noted: OF NEW YORK Mrs. Cain, 49, was orie of 43 graduates who and which aids reservation families in find­ received high-school equivalency diplomas ing housing and employment in Minneapo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES under a program begun in September by the lis, also provides tutoring "on a need basis" Friday, June 11, 1976 Center's education department. She had com­ for Indians seeking their GED. pleted 9th grade at a boarding school in According to Celeste Fraction, who admin­ Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I would Pipestone, Minn. in her youth and since isters GED testing at Metropolitan Commu­ like to share with my colleagues a re­ then has had nine children. Mrs. Cain also nity College in Minneapolis, students in the cent letter sent to the President of the has 14 grandchildren. More than 200 Indian Native American Center's tutoring program United States from the Harlem Lawyers students are enrolled in the program, which have earned higher than average scores on Association regarding President Ford's is supported by a $62,500 federal' grant. their GED tests. Currently 18 of those students a.re nearing unconscionable attempt to intervene in Ms. Vick's article follows: completion of the test, which includes sec­ the school busing case currently awaiting EDUCATIONAL TuTORING HELPS INDB.NS CURE tions on social studies, math, English, gram­ Supreme Court review. The letter ably CHRONIC DROPOUT RATE mar, science and reading comprehension. expresses my own sense of dismay that (By Patrice Vick) Five students from the center's class have the leader of our country sees flt to ad­ completed the test. While public schools are experimenting versely intervene in a case which involves The college's tie to the center's tutoring the inalienable right to an equal educa­ with ways to keep Indian youngsters in program is important because the college school, the education levels of older In­ hopes to recruit Indian students who have tion for all American children. To engage dians-failed by conventional education­ passed the GED test, according to James in politicking in this controversial area are being raised by programs in Minneapolis. Field, chief examiner of the GED tests at only serves to further ignite the violence Last year the Regional Native American the college. • which has penetrated the busing area Center, 1530 Franklin Ave. E., launched two Field said that having the students take and jeopardize the progress thus far tuition-free programs to upgrade the self­ the test at the college "gives them a chance image of Indians who are out of school and made in promoting quality education for to walk a.round and feel comfortable on a all Americans. Mr. Ford must not for­ better prepare them for jobs. college campus." Under a. $62,000 grant from the U.S. De­ "The Native American community has seen get that he not only represents those who partment of Health, Education and Welfare, us (Metropolitan Community College) as an will vote him into office but also those the center's adult education department alternative for higher education. We're try­ innocent children who are not eligible offers courses in Native American culture ing to live up to that reputation," he said. to vote but do have the right to enjoy and tutors Indians who want to receive their One step the college has taken this year those rights exercised by those with the high school General Equivalency Diploma to better serve the Indian community is hir­ ballot power. (GED). ing a Native American student support spe­ Herewith, I submit the text of the The culture class, taught by Native Ameri­ cialist, Elizabeth Smith. can Jeremy Rockman, is frequently attended Smith said her experience as a Native Harlem Lawyers Association's letter pro­ by a.s many whites as Indians. American qualifies her for the job, even . testing President Ford's inopportune But center education director Jim O'Brien though she lacks a college degree. · behavior: sees educating whites about Indians as one Many Indian students in college have the MAY 26, 1976. of the class' main functions. same problems as those in public school: a. GERALD R. FORD, "For non-Indians to know what goes on in feeling of insecurity when not surrounded by President of the United States, The White Indians' heads is important," O'Brien said. other Indians, a lack of rapport with their House, Washington, D.a. The course also gives Indians a chance to instructors and difficulties in understanding DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: The Harlem Lawyers look at the positive aspects of their culture curricula. that seem irrelevant to their way Association is deeply concerned and dis­ in a. somewhat formal, academic setting, he of life, Smith said. tressed by the recent Presidential Pronounce­ said. ' To alleviate these problems, she hopes to ment urging the Attorney General of the Helping older Indians may have long­ United States, as the Chief Law Enforcement range implications for the chronically high have math, English and public health courses Indian students have difficulty with, taught Officer in the land, to intervene in an appro­ dropout rate of Indian youth. "If these peo­ priate case involving school busing at a time ple find they're successful in academics, their through the college at the Native American center this spring. when that issue is highly inflammatory and children will tend to follow," O'Brien said. follows hard on the heels of the recent mob Having an educated Native American, such "If I'm going to pull them through I'm going to have to do something different. I violence against school busing in Boston, as Rockman who is working on his master's Massachusetts. degree in special education-educational psy­ think the environment (being surrounded chology, tea.ch also gives Indians confidence by Indians in a center built for them) will Whereas, the Harlem Lawyers Association that they can succeed in the educational help," she said. expects any President who ls the leader of system, O'Brien said. Smith said she also hopes to ease the all the people, to exert the moral and legal In his class Rockman stresses the positive teacher-student friction in some classes at presence of his office to uphold the law of values of Indian culture-a_spirit of coopera­ the college by recruiting instructors who the land. tion and equality, and a reverence for nature have a good rapport with Indian students. Whereas, in this instance, the President and friendship-by relating them to Indian Smith and O'Brien both said they are is a lawyer, who should understand the ne­ symbols such as the circle, the drum and skeptical of how well Indians who advance cessity of peaceful appellate review of any educationally through their programs will tobacco. decision an appellant deems adverse to his A key objective of the center's GED tutor­ fare in coping with the white-dominated job interest. ing program is to open up the job market market in the urban area. We as an organization of lawyers are for urban Indians. "There will always be a problem for Indian chagrined, mortified and appalled by our Wilbur Spottedwolf, another Indian tutor, students who can't get jobs in Indian orga­ Chief Executive's succumbing to mob vio­ said he thinks the lack of a high school nizations," Smith said. lence in the volatile Boston situation; where­ diploma has kept many Indians from seek­ This spring O'Brien will start offering in you stated that you are opposed to busing ing jobs "because they've heard a high school courses in resume-writing, corporate law and and then urged your Chief Legal Officer to education is important." proposal-writing for government grants-all intervene in the Supreme Court, asking for Unlike other GED tutoring programs in geared at helping Indians get into the eco­ new guidelines on the question of school de­ the city, the center's program is geared to­ nomic mainstream. segregation. wards the s-pecia.l needs of its Indian However, he said he thinks only about one We a.s a professional orga.niza.tion of law­ students. in t en Indians who receive their GED will yers, would think that there would be no "These classes are a nonpressure type of find jobs in the Indian community and most need for the Chief Executive, who is also a thing," Spottedwolf said. "Some other (tu­ are not going to be satisfied "going out and lawyer to be able to differentiate between toring) program.s keep them in there too ma.king money for some white man." peaceful picketing and assembly under the long-for a couple of months. We've been Smith is a bit more optimistic about her provision of the First Amendment and vio­ able to turn out a graduate in two or three program: "Once we get them through here lent mob action which interposes itself be­ weeks. Our goal is graduation." (the college courses), they'll feel better tween a legally mandated decision of a court June 11, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17827 and the promulgation of its idea of what the defeat for Democrats who favor aid for spe­ was not able to be present in the Cham­ law should be. cific programs with federal guidelines and Respectfully yours, who oppose handing out federally raised tax ber for passage of House Resolution 1260 MILTON L. WILLIAMS, m~ney to be spent by other levels of gov­ which permits the Ethics Committee ~ President, Harlem Lawyers Association. ernment with no accountability. draw funds directly from the contingency By an earlier vote of 233 to 172 the House fund for any investigations pending. Had cut out of the bill several provisions that I been present, I would have voted "aye·~ President Ford had said would cause him to on House Resolution 1260. GENERAL REVENUE SHARING consider a veto. Stricken were provisions PROGRAM calling for reports from state and local gov­ ernments on what they were doing to mod­ ernize their operations, a change in the al­ UNITED STATES . SHOULD KEEP location formula that would have based allot­ HON. JOHN Y. McCOLLISTER ments in part on the number of families PROMISE TO WITHDRAW FROM OF NEBRASKA below the poverty line instead of per capita THE ILO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES income, a requirement that if any revenue sharing funds are used for construction proj­ Friday, June 11, 1976 ects, prevailing wage rates for construction HON. JOSHUA EILBERG Mr. McCOLLISTER. Mr. Speaker, I workers must be paid, and part of a tough­ OF PENNSYLVANIA would like to express my delight at the ened. anti-discrimination provision. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Civil rights spokesmen said that action left manner in which the House has acted to the anti-discrimination section weaker than Friday, June 11, 1976 extend the general revenue-sharing pro­ exi&ting law. The bill provides new proce­ gram and to reject amendments which dures to suspend revenue sharing aid to Mr. EILBERG.Mr. Speaker, the United would have converted it into yet another recipients where there ls a finding of discrim­ States has threatened to withdraw from categorical grant program. . ination. But the section also prohibits any the International Labor Organization be­ As one who traveled the length and citizen to file a court suit alleging discrimi­ cause of that group's policy of getting breadth of this Nation campaigning for nation until he had "exhausted all admin­ into issues which have nothing to do with the original enactment of general reve­ istrative remedies." Opponents said this its purpose. This stand, clearly stated by nue sharing, I am gratified that the language appears in no civil rights law and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger is to was not clear. be applauded. Since our warnings' have House voted to remove the remaining re­ But before the bill was passed, an amend­ strictions on use of revenue sharing ment was adopted without opposition which not been heeded, we should prove that funds by local units. provides that a citizen need not spend more we mean what we say and begin the steps Rejection by the House of the Rosen­ than 60 days seeking administrative relief of withdrawal from the ILO. At this thal and Fascell amendments represents before going to court. time I enter into the RECORD an editorial a vote of confidence in the Nation's Gov­ As passed by the House, the blll is an en­ from the Philadelphia Inquirer concern­ ernors and mayors and in the original titlement program. Cities and states are en­ ing this situation. The newspaper is to titled to the $6.65 blllion a year, and Con­ be commended for its position: program itself. Using revenue sharing as gress may not reduce the amount during a lever to restructure local governments the 3 %-year life of the program. UNITED STATES SHOULD KE'EP PROMISE To or to provide supplemental unemploy­ Rep. Brock Ad.ams (D-Wa.sh.), chairman of WITHDRAW FROM THE IL0 ment assistance would have clearly con­ the House Budget Committee, which is try­ Last November Secretary of State Henry verted revenue sharing into just another ing to regain congressional control over Kissinger, noting the tendency of the Inter­ spending, was defeated, 244 to 150, in his national Labor Organization to "become in­ special categorical grant program. In­ creasingly and excessively involved in politi­ stead, by resisting these committee efforts to make the amount of aid subject to annual appropriation action by Congress. cal issues," served formal notice that the U.S. amendments, the House has given Gov­ He would have continued the program a.s it intends to withdraw from the 126-member ernors and mayors the green light to ls for two years, then provide that Congress United Nations agency unless it "returns to direct this Federal assistance to those appropriaite the money one year or more In its basic principles." programs which in their judgment should advance. Now that the agency has departed even get priority funding. The mayors lobbied hard to keep the pres­ further from its basic principles, the U.S. Much has been said and written about ent procedure, saying they needed long­ should make it clear that it means exactly the need to promote responsive govern­ range assurance of the amount of aid they what it said. ment. Of late, we are being lectured on would receive to plan for its intelligent use. The immediate issue ls the decision of the The cities and states wanted the program ILO's governing body to admit the Palestine the imperative of eff'ective and efficient extended for 5% years and with more money. Liberation Organization, a terrorist group, government as well. One may well argue The $6.65 blllion a year it provides in grants not a government, to an !LO-sponsored con­ that Federal programs are responsive to is the same amount now being handed out. ference on world employment. the expressed desires of our people. But But the blll does not contain the existing ~arlier, the governing body had decided, by the tailoring of governmental response law's inflation factor, which has increaesed a smgle vote, to ban the Palestinians from to local priority concerns is uncontest­ the total by $150 million a year. representation at the conference. Then, ably superior to broad Federal programs. John Gunther, executive director of the brushing off the American contention that It National Conference of Mayors, Issued this was flouting its own rules, the governing For this reason, general revenue sharing statement after the b111 passed. pody reversed itself, under pressure of Arab should be continued and expanded to "The key issue was long-range funding. We governments, other "third world" countries take advantage of the Federal Govern­ got it. The only thing we didn't get was more and the Communist bloc. ment's superior tax collecting capacity money to cover inflaition. We'll work for that The reason was clear enough. The Arabs and the superior targeting ability of in the Senate." themselves had made It clear that they in­ State and local governments. The League of Women Voters said, "House tended to boycott the conference if they lost The impact of House approval of the failure to pass legl.sla.tlon which would es­ on the issue. The ILO plainly took their tablish modest but critical reforxns in the threats more seriously than it took the Amer­ bill is well assessed by Richard L. Lyons ican warning. in the Washington Post. I include Mr. general revenue sharing program is an abomination. The reforms, sought by the After the reversal, a PLO spokesman hailed Lyons' story at this point in the RECORD: league and others, were designed to make the the seating of his organization as "a defeat REVENUE SHARING EXTENSION ls VOTED program more responsive to human needs for Israel and the advocate of Israel, which is (My Richard L. Lyons) and to eliminate some of its fiscally irre­ the United States." Precisely so. That was sponsible features." the intention. The House yesterday voted an extension of If the Arab countries and their ''third revenue sharing that would hand out $25 world" and Communist supporters want to billion over the next 3% years in no-strings twist the eagle's feathers, however, there Ls aid to state and local governments. PERSONAL EXPLANATION no reason why the U.S. should sit still for It. The bill was sent to the Senate, which ls Nor is there any reason why the U.S., which also expected to give it friendly treatment, puts up one-fourth of the ILO's annual $50 by a vote of 361 to 35 after the House re­ million budget, should continue paying for jected an attempt to convert the guaranteed HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. OF MICIDGAN the privilege of having the ILO used as an payout to an annual appropriation. anti-American sounding-boa.rd. The outcome was a victory for the na­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES For this is not simply a matter of one vote tion's mayors, who had lobbied heavily to Friday, June 11, 1976 lost. Like other specialized U.N. agencies, the continue the long-range funding, and for the ILO ls supposed to be neutral and nonparti­ administration, which was able to eliminate Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, because san, dedicated to the improvement of workers' some provisions it didn't like. It was a of circumstances beyond my control, I conditions and the advancement of human 17828 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1976 rights. Yet as Mr. Kissinger pointed out last tion; the Herrick Memorial Award from ernment tends to favor foreign-flag ships November, the !LO has shown in recent yea.rs the National Newspaper Association; the over U.S. flag ships. a. "selective concern for human right.a," ig­ second annual Jeane Hoffman Award We insure that about half of U.S. airborne noring violations in such countries as Saudi foreign trade goes on u .s. carriers, but look Arabia, where slavery is stlll practiced, and from Theta Sigma Phi, the Statewide the other way while 95 percent of our foreign the USSR. award from the California Taxpayers waterborne trade is handed over to foreign There is, of course, something to be said for Association; as well as plaques and com­ flag carriers. hanging in there and fighting for one's prin­ mendations from the Elks, Rotary Clubs, We stand idle while the U.S. maritime in­ ciples, but there does come a time when the Chamber of Commerce, Veterans of For­ dustry is exported, but protect other national best way to uphold one's principles is to with­ eign Wars, Gardena Community Adult defense industries, such as aerospace, steel, draw from the organization which consist­ School, PTA, and school awards for edi­ automobile and agriculture. ently flouts them. w_e thtnk thait time has torial and play writing. We pour billions of dollars into modern­ come as regards the !LO and that a U.S. Probably the achievement Polly would izing highways and railroads, but allow our withdrawal might have a salutory effect on list as foremost is being the mother of waterways and canals to sink into obsoles­ the nations now perverting international cence. agencies into instruments of political war­ two lovely girls: Jocelyn, 21 and Carola, We pour more billions into development of fare. 22. aircraft, missiles and submarines, but con­ It has been a fine experience to have tinue to build obsolescent ships. known Polly Warfield. Her contributions I retired from the Navy last July after 46 POLLY WARFIELD, WOMAN OF have been selfless, and many have turned years of service. Part of that service was in MANY TALENTS to her as. they can only to a good friend. the years leading up to Pearl Harbor. I re­ May the record of this country show member well in the late 1930's our Govern­ that on this day Polly Warfield was rec­ ment leaders praising the strength and war HON. CHARLES H. WILSON readiness of our Navy. ognizeg. as an outstanding citizen, pub­ Then ca.me Pearl Harbor. On December 7, OF CALIFORNIA lic servant, and above all a lovely and 1941, the U.S. was caught by surprise. Army IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES warm woman to whom many of us are and Navy ships, planes, airfields, and key in­ Friday, June 11, 1976 deeply indebted. stallations were reduced to helplessness by what, until then, had been regarded as a Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON of Cali­ less capable Japanese Navy. fornia. Mr. Speaker, an outstanding fig­ Fortunately in those days, we could de­ ure I have had the pleasure of knowing OUR NATIONAL MARITIME .POLICY pend on powerful, courageous allies to hold in my 31st District for many years is off our enemies while we recovered from Polly Warfield of 2023 West 160th Street shock, picked up the pieces, and rebuilt. HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY Today, however, we cannot count on al­ in the city of Gard"ena. lies to hold off attackers for the months we It is fitting that the business of the OF NEW YORK might require to change over to wartime Nation pause a:t this moment to honor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES procedures. From the outset of a new emer­ her for her many accomplishments. Friday, June 11, 1976 gency, U.S. forces must carry the burden While her stature is diminutive, she of the sea war. stands tall among her fellow members of Mr: DOWNEY of New York. Mr. It was a substantially different Navy that the press, and rightly so. Hers has been Speaker, I am grateful for this oppor­ emerged from Pearl Harbor. Large numbers a long and distinguished career in the tunity to share with my colleagues some of naval reserves, many trained in the mer­ views on our national maritime policy, or chant marine poured into Navy ranks. Mer­ field of communications and her achieve­ chant ships by the hundreds were converted ments are many. lack thereof, that I consider cogent and to combat, amphibious and logistic func­ Most recently, Polly has worked most timely. tions. A total of 110 merchant ships, for ex­ long hours as editor-in-chief of the For nearly 18 years the maritime ample, saw service as auxiliary aircraft car­ Gardena Valley News. Prior to this as­ affairs of this Nation have played a riers in World War II. signment she was managing editor and significant role in my life, and I continue The Pearl Harbor disaster showed that to be concerned that the United States Navy-Merchant Marine pre-Pearl Harbor women's editor. This career covered a planning was woefully inadequate to meet span of 10 years, and it was often late establish and maintain worldwide mari­ a sudden surprise emergency. It revealed at night that Polly's red curls could be time superiority. This is as essential to that the U.S. was not ready wtth the strategy, seen above fingers busily tapping out the our economic well-being as it is to our back-up and staying power needed to out­ many news events vital to a viable com­ defense capabilities. last a first-class opponent in a protracted munity. And there was always a ready In that connection, I commend to my sea war. The Pearl Harbor disaster also put smile, a willingness to lend a hand, and colleagues the recent remarks of Rear to shame the optimistic, "We're Number Adm. George H. Miller, U.S. NavY, One," rhetoric of U.S. leaders of the 1930's. time in spite of deadlines to meet visitors. The .continuous outpour of optimistic as­ She will be missed at that desk by many. retired, examining some of the problems sessment by administration officials lulled For 3 years she was a reporter and that exist regarding our direction in the American constituency into a false sense writer for the San Francisco Chronicle; maritime affairs. Admiral Miller is highly of security. Those who raised questions con­ and for 2 years wrote and produced a qualified to address these matters. cerning U.S. readiness for war received scant radio program for the national networks. In 1970 he was assigned as naval attention. The program featured Mrs. Eleanor adviser to the Assistant Secretary of This brings one to wonder about the ac­ Commerce for Maritime Affairs in a curacy of the statements being made by Gov­ Roosevelt, who was then delegate to the ernment authorities today. At the end of United Nations. The fact that Polly move by the Secretaries of Commerce World War II, United States naval strength touched upon the famous of the world in and the Navy to give more attention to was clearly Number 1 in the world. Since this work gave her no affectations; she the U.S. merchant fleet's responsibility then our relative naval strength has declined has always been able to talk with the as the Nation's naval and military auxil­ to where many authorities, including a form­ least-renowned as easily and with as iary. er Secretary of Defense and a former Chief muoh warmth as with those who could Admiral Miller, who retired from active of Naval Operations, question its adequacy. duty a year ago, has written and lectured The U.S. Navy has declined to a level of command awe. 299 combat ships for the first time since 1939. Polly was also the first woman in Los extensively on military policy and strat­ The U.S. Merchant Marine has declined from Angeles to do senior radio newscast writ­ egy, sea power and maritime strategy, close to 5 thousand ships in 1946 to a mere ing, this at KNX, the CBS outlet in and has published numerous articles on 573 as of January 1, 1976. The percentage Hollywood. Her responsibilities included these subjec~. of U.S. trade carried by our Merchant Ma­ major newscast development, writing for Mr. Speaker, I encourage my col­ rine has declined from '58 percent in 1946 radio features, and she expressed her tal­ leagues to give serious thought to to a more 5.1 percent today. Still, out of the ents in editing, writing, and broadcasting Admiral Miller's views: mouths of Government officials the opti­ mistic rhetoric continues to pour. her own program, known as Katherine NATIONAL MARITIME POLICY Carr and the News. Having served in Government for some 46 (By Rear Adm. George H. Miller, USN (Ret.)) years I can say with some authority that if a Her awards and honors inc'lude the My assigned subject today is National Government official wishes to keep his job George Washington Honor Medal of the Maritime Polley. I must confess at the outset, and get promoted now and then, he had Freedoms Foundation; first place award the United States has no National Maritime better continue stressing the good news and for the best front page from the Cali­ Policy; nor is it organized to produce one. soft-pedal the bad. Politics prevents us from fornia Newspaper Publishers Associa- In actual practice the United States Gov- admitting and correcting our shortcomings. June 11, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMA~S 17829 So, who is to tell the people the bad news? Unfortunately, the Government bureauc­ Another serious consequence of the la.ck Fortunately, we do have a free press, which racy, lower-level bureaucrats, have suc­ of U.S. maritime leadership is the growing has shown encouraging aptitude recently for ceeded in blocking the Navy-Merchant vulnerability of U.S. ships to aircraft, missile digging out the bad news, rather than de­ Marine cooperation worked out by the Secre­ and submarine attack. While tens of billions pending on optimistic Defense Department taries of Commerce and Navy. The Military of dollars have been spent over the past handouts, as was sometimes the case during Sea.lift Command opposes use of com­ thirty years on aircraft, missile, and sub­ the euphoric decades following World War mercially-crewed U.S. merchant ships as marine technology, ship technology has stag­ II. Fortunately also, Government leaders fleet support auxiliaries in peacetime and nated. For example, the speeds of aircraft must stand for reelection, and opposition prefers instead to use Government-owned and submarines have increased over seven­ candidates have begun a.gain to question ships manned by Military Sea.lift Command fold since World War I; we are still building Administration national security policies. civil service crews. The Navy ship design and warships and merchant ships with speeds The free press is essential to national secu­ construction bureaucracy prefers to design less than those available in the early 1900's. rity. So are the candidates for political office its own naval auxiliaries and build them to Meanwhile, both the British and Soviets who understand national security well Navy speclflcations. As long as these two have surpassed the United States in develop­ enough to ask questions. Without people who state-owned shipbuilding and operating ing high-speed ship technology for commer­ ask critical questions, we shall be doomed bureaucracies set the tone of Navy­ cial use. The British have had a 200-ton air to wait again until another enemy reveals Merchant Marine cooperation, as they now cushion vehicle in commercial ferry service our weakness. But in addition to the press do, the U.S. Navy and Merchant Marine can­ across the English Channel since 1969. This and the candidates, there also must be a few not prepare themselves for joint wartime service has already attracted one-fourth of pioneers who tend to be uncomfortable with operations. I consider the lack of Navy­ the passengers and one-third of the automo­ the status-quoism of the great national secu­ Merchant Marine joint operations in peace­ biles now crossing the English Channel. It rity bureaucracies. As former Assistant Secre­ time to be one of the most serious deficien­ expects to show a profit this year. The Soviet tary of Commerce for Maritime Affairs, cies in U.S. naval readiness today. Union has a comprehensive commercial and Andrew Gibson, remarked: Lack of maritime leadership is the prob­ military high-speed, surface-effect ship­ "The pioneers get all the arrows and those lem. Abolishment of the Cabinet-level Navy building program. A number of models are who follow behind make all the money and Department in 1949 destrpyed the maritime operating in passenger and cargo service on get the promotions." coordinating and policy-making structure the extensive Soviet river and canal net­ So in this Bicentennial Year, let us remem­ of the U.S. Government. One of the more work. Both the British and the Soviets are ber the pioneering spirit of our forefathers. serious consequences of the lack of mari­ building up a competitive surface-effect ship Few of them would have sailed for America time leadership has been the steady decline industry. They are expanding their indus­ had they felt comfortable with the status over the past 30 years of both the Navy and trial base, their skilled surface-effect ship quo. Let us therefore look closely at the Merchant Marine. The Navy and Merchant designers, builders and opera.tors. status of U.S. sea power. Marine, in addition to being uncoordinated, The U.S. Navy is developing a surface-ef­ a.re both inadequate in size. This is a living fect ship (an open ocean version of the air We might define sea power as the Nation's cushion vehicle) in the 2 to 3 thousand-ton• total ca.pa.city to use and exploit the oceans. example of the old adage: "You either hang together or hang separately." range. A hundred-ton prototype of this ship Sea power consists of combat navy, merchant has already attained a speed of 83 knots in navy, fishing fleet, scientific fleet, shipbuild­ The absence of maritime leadership has resulted in the wholesale export of the U.S. test trials. Slightly under 50 million dollars ing, maritime-related industries, seaports, has been allocated for this project in 1977. overseas naval bases, foreign trade, maritime maritime industry, beginning in 1950 and continuing to this day. Government indif­ At the present rate of development, the U.S. education facilities and other maritime­ will be years behind in developing a high­ related activities, coordinated by a national ference to the maritime readiness of the United States has permitted a series of un­ speed, ocean-going ship. Moreover, the U.S. maritime policy and strategy. stm has no program for commercial use of Traditionally, a nation's sea power has obtrusive legislative and administrative changes which enabled major U.S. corpora­ surface-effect ships. been coordinated and led by a Minister of tions to build merchant ships in foreign The United States must redesign its Navy Marine with direct access to the highest au­ and Merchant Marine to regain the techno­ thority in the land. Throughout most of its lands, register them under foreign flags, and man them wt th foreign crews. logical lead. The U.S. should build sufficient history, the United States had a Secretary of These U.S. citizen-owned foreign flag speed into its first-line sea transports to give the Navy in the President's Cabinet to co­ fleets, sometimes called flag-of-convenience them a reasonable chance to evade attacks ordinate and speak for the various branches fleets, have continued to grow since 1950, by modern 30-knot submarines. The U.S. of U.S. sea power. However, in 1949, the Cabi­ while the U.S. Merchant Marine has shrunk maritime industry must develop a simpler, net-level Navy Department was abolished to a fraction of what it should be. The U.S. high-speed hull and propulsion package, ca­ and the Secretary of the Navy was reassigned Merchant Marine is now less than one-half p8ible of mass production for naval and com­ to a sub-cabinet role in the Department of the size of the flag-of-convenience fleet, mercial service. With specially-designed sets Defense. The other maritime agencies are which has grown from 797 thousand dead­ of containers on board, these high-speed scattered among a number of Government weight tons in 1946 to 33.9 million dead­ ships could serve as weapon platforms, troop departments, all at sub-cabinet levels or welght tons today. The U.S. Merchant Marine and war material transports or commercial below. deadweight tonnage is 15 million today, 9th carriers. They would provide more defense In a well-organized sea power structure, in world standing. for less and a competitive advantage in com­ mercial trade as well. the combat navy, merchant marine, ship­ Tax loopholes make it more profitable for a building and other maritime arms operate American sea power is unprepared for a U.S. citizen to own and operate :flag-of-con­ national emergency. Do Government leaders together as a matter of dally routine. In the venience ships than U.S.-flag merchant ships. United States, the Navy, Merchant Marine, really believe, as many did before Pearl Har­ Present laws even permit these foreign flag bor, that the Navy can perform the essential shipbuilding industry, and other maritime fleets to participate in U.S. foreign trade on agencies are uncoordinated. Many Govern­ maritime tasks in a national emergency with­ terms more favorable than those available to out full participation of the U.S. Merchant ment officials use the term sea power in their the U.S. Merchant Marine. In airborne trade, speeches and writings. But what they Marine and maritime industry? Has the for example, a foreign aircraft can partici­ maritime community become too docile-­ actually talk a.bout is Navy power, not sea pate in U.S. foreign trade only through recip­ power. satisfied with the status quo? Do our leaders rocal agreements; a U.S. aircraft must have tend to take the comforte.ble road to pro­ I have spent the pa.st six years, full time, equal landing and trade rights in the foreign motion and higher pay? in an attempt to establish a strong coordi­ nation concerned. U.S. seaports and ocean The U.S. maritime industries can and must nated relationship between the Navy and trade, on the other hand, are accessible to Merchant Marine. I was assigned to this help restore maritime leadership in the U.S. foreign ships with few restrictions. Government. If we in the maritime industry task in 1970 by the Secretary of Commerce Export of American maritime and foreign join together in common purpose, we can and the Secretary of the Navy who a.greed trade industries has robbed the U.S. of the carry this message to our elected representa­ that closer Navy-Merchant Marine coordi­ lead in maritime strength. Every ship built tives in the Congress and the White House: nation was essential to the naval readiness by a U.S. citizen in a foreign land exports a of this Nation. The Government must coordinate the op­ segment of the U.S. shipbuilding industry. erations of the Navy, Merchant Marine and During this period I found the maritime Every U.S.-owned ship registered under a for­ other maritime agencies under leadership industries-merchant marine, shipbuilding, eign flag subtracts one ship from the U.S. capable of spelling out and implementing a management and labor-eager to cooperate Merchant Marine. Every U.S.-owned ship forward-looking national maritime policy and with the Navy. In the words of Andrew Gib­ manned by a foreign crew subtracts one strategy. son, former Assistant Secretary of Com­ trained crew of U.S. sea.men from the na­ Bring back America's maritime and foreign merce for Maritime Affairs, to both the tional defense readiness of the u .S. Mer­ trade industries. Secretary of the Navy and the Chief of Na.val chant Marine. Every ton of U.S. cargo ex­ Reserve U.S. wa.terborne foreign trade for Operations, "The maritime industry wants ported or imported in a foreign flag merchant U.S. flag ships on the same basis as U.S. air­ to give the Navy full cooperation on s silver ship subtracts one ton of potential economic borne foreign trade is reserved. for U.S. air platter." Moreover, the Navy Secretaries and influence from the merchant marine-foreign transport. Chiefs of Naval Operations-I've talked to trade component of U.S. maritime strength. Give advanced ship technology the same all of them during the past years-have ex­ The United States cannot afford to export priority as aircraft, missile and submarine pressed their desire to cooperate. its maritime and foreign trade industries. technology. 17830 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1976 Give U.S. waterway and ship canal modern­ of that age represent 18 percent of all black SUPPRESSION OF INNOVATION: DO lzatioh the same priority as high way and teen-agers, not 41.5 percent. It serves no one WE HAVE A "MEDICAL POLICE railroad modernization. Let Americans know to imagine matters worse than they already FORCE" ? that for about one dollar they can ship a are. ton of cargo 14 miles by truck, 70 miles by A second factor not often noticed is that rail and 300 miles by water. in a healthy economy the possib11ity of quit­ HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS If we of the U.S. maritime industry can ting a job-"job hopping"-is a. freedom OF IDAHO help achieve these goals, America will have a much prized. Last December, it was estimated better chance to endure and prosper. Will that 1,093,060 Americans quit their jobs­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the pioneers 13:mong you please stand up? up from 801,944 the preceding March. In Friday, June 11, 1976 March 1969, a.t the height of the longest economic expansion in the nation's history, Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ 2,241,904 persons quit their jobs. Quitting ing article dealing with the counterpro­ JOBS STATISTICS CAN BE is understood by labor market economists as ductive nature of our drug regulatory MISLEADING a sign of confidence. People are willing to system speaks for itself. If the Member& take chances and to try to better their of this body value their health and that position. There are two aspects to quitting: (1) of their constituents, I strongly urge HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL Sheer freedom is involved. Some Americans them to cosponsor my medical freedom OF ILLINOIS hold a philosophy of "work a little, live a of choice legislation and thereby join the little." Quitting provides variety, allows vaca­ effort to restore regulatory sanity. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion time. Many Americans do not live to article appeared in Barron's and follows: Friday, June 11, 1976 . work; they work just enough to live. "THE MEDICAL POLICE," A REPORT FROM (2) For some with incomes up to about ABROAD INDICTS THE FDA Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, the always $15,000, present unemployment benefits at intriguing Michael Novak, in a column 90 percent of salary make quitting cheaper (By Neil Mclnnes) in the Washington Star on June 10, has than working. Once one has qualified for "The Medical Police" is the sinister title of done an outstanding job of analyzing unemployment benefits, savings in taxes and a. book published in German in Dusseldorf the question of unemp1oyment, its mean­ in transportation and other expenses related today. It is not a thriller, although it does ing, and its use as a political issue. to work may result in higher actual income. uncover a little-known variety of the crime I was particularly interested to see In some families, husbands and wives alter­ of drug smuggling. It reveals tliat certain nate their working and their "going on un­ medicines which rank as established therapy the clear and irrefutable way he de­ employment." In some unions, it is written in Europe are being smuggled into the U.S. bunked some of the more extravagant into the contract that workers with most on a large scale in order that reputable phy­ claims of those who see anguished and seniority have first call on being "first to go sicians, against the will of the Food and Drug starving unemployed persons under every out, last to return," so as to take full ad­ Administration, can apply them to the relief bed. vantage of these benefits. If a fellow can do of sickness. For this is an indictment of what As Novak points out, there are neither a little carpentry or house-painting on the its subtitle calls "The Control of the Phar­ so many bona fide unemployed persons side, he can handsomely "beat the system," maceutical Industry and of Doctors in the as we are led to believe, nor are all of and get in a little fishing or hunting, too. U.S." It was authored, after prolonged sleuth­ Unemployment is a disaster for many fam­ ing among physicians and drug manufactur­ those who fall into the unemployed cate­ ilies, psychologically crippling. But it is not ers on both sides of the Atlantic, by a team gory statistically particularly disad- always so. Political sloganizing about "jobs" led by Hans-Joachim Cramer, on behalf of vantaged. has a faintly hollow ring to many who com­ the West German Pharmaceutical Industry His article deserves to be read by all prehend full well how to beat the system. Association. Members, and ought to be required for It doesn't have the old ring of the 1930s. It is a stern indictment, but even if it were those who continue to push for a waste­ A third significant feature of our present not, some might question the right of a West ful and counterproductive Government­ predicament is that more persons are now German trade body to sit in judgment on an guaranteed jobs program. working than ever before. It may be true agency of the U.S. government. The explana­ I believe the appropriate jobs program that jobs, like oil and other important goods tion is that Bonn is weighing a new law on in our society, are among our scarce and pharmaceuticals, and Mr. Cramer's study is a is described thusly: The more Govern­ limited resources. One reason is that more contribution to public debate on both sides ment gets off the back of business, the people of working age seek work now than of the Atlantic. It is designed to be an object more business will prosper; the more ever before-more persons, both as propor­ lesson in what not to do. Besides, European business prospers, the more people it will tion and also in absolute numbers. drug makers who aspire to serve the Ameri­ hire. I think Mr. Novak's article ad­ In April, e.g., more Americans were em­ can medical profession have fallen afoul of vances that position, and I insert it here ployed full time than ever before. Women, in the FDA's decrees and have a right of reply. particular, set new records for employment. They might be more inclined to use it if, as in the RECORD: There is a painful irony here. Each woman observers like Milton Friedman suggest, there AMERICA'S ILLUSION: "JOBS" AS AN ISSUE who now enters the work force-propelled exists a sort of armistice between the FDA (By Michael Novak) by economic need in her family, by a desire and U.S. drug firms that results in reduced There is no doubt that the single greatest for self-realization, l?Y the need to support competition and stifled criticism. Even the challenge to our system is its need to provide herself ( more women living in single house­ West German report is careful not to name jobs to all who want them. holds), or by whatever reasons-places a new names for fear, as it explicitly says, of "re­ If we ha.d a Gulag Archipelago, we would demand on a. system already short of jobs. prisals"-a. delicate hint about the wa.y the have no unemployment problem. In a free Put the matter in its most painful light. agency does business. society, built a.round the dynamism of a Every woman who takes a job decreases the In view of the fact that West German drug partially free market, full employment is a.n number of openings for blacks, whose unem­ firms have introduced twice as many new exceedingly difflcult--but essential-goal. ployment rate has yet to be improved by the medicines as the U.S. industry in the pa.st The topic is fraught with illusions, evasions, record number of available jobs. In addition, decade, they are expert witnesses. Nor are ignorance and demagoguery. she is often in competition wtih young peo­ they without compassion for the accused, as We hear often, for example, that "almost ple graduating from school. (Often the witness this description of the FDA: "A half of a.ll black youths are unemployed." mother enters the job market then too). group of not particularly qualified people This is an incendiary fiction. The unem­ There are great changes, then, in the na­ who nowadays face terrible pressure from ployment rate for teen-age blacks in Janu­ ture of the job market. They are not well the consumer protection movement and who ary 1976 was, in truth, 41.5 percent. But a.s understood. Since jobs are the foundation of are trammeled by the bureaucratic mecha­ Professor Carolyn Shaw Bell has trenchantly personal independence, and at the heart of nism are expected to judge, often with in­ pointed out, the actual number of black healthy family life, no issue is so central to sufficient technical facilities, the risk-benefit teen-agers represented in that percentage is the success of our system. ratio of drugs whose mode of operation ls 390,000. The official percentage does not refer Why, then, are we content with such poor frequently unknown." to the total population of black teen-agers. knowledge of the ramifications of our laws, In seeking to carry out this inherently im­ It refers only to those (a.) in the labor force life-styles, habits and actions? Why are we possible task, say the Germans, the FDA and (b) actively looking for work. so unimaginative? Why don't we stop and gets involved in scientific charlatanry, bu­ As of October 1975, a.bout 1,400,000 of think? Public service jobs, it seems, are the reaucratic bungling and confllcts of interest. 2,104,000 blacks between the ages of 16 and la.st alternative we should desire. Humphrey­ The agency, so they (like a growing number 20 were enrolled in high school or college; Hawkins has not been earning much praise. of critics at home) aver, is preventing, or 704,000 were not. Of these, some were not No subject is more important to the na­ at least slowing down, the application in seeking work for a variety of reasons: Disa­ tion. Unfortunately, ft is not a sexy topic for American medicine of remedies the efficacy bility, service in the armed forces, responsi­ writers or for television. It doesn't lend it­ of which is recognized a.broad, and it is pre­ bility at home, etc. The unemployed blacks self to guilt feelings. venting, or at least slowing down, the ais- June 11, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17831 covery of new remedies. And to make mat­ protection from quackery is preferable to the of both his Nation and his party. His ters worse, after arresting the progress o! inevitable risks of trying out new remedies voice has been heard and heeded in be­ the drug companies, the medical police is for illness. The German study charges that moving in on the doctors. certain FDA personnel have elaborated an half of the poor and the dispossessed as The Germans diagnose in the FDA the unwritten "doctrine of need," which holds well as in defense and support of the classic bureaucratic proud flesh from which that no new drug need be approved in a field constitutional liberties and civil rights all modern societies (not least West Ger­ where apparently adequate remedies already of the American people. many) suffer, but wha.t bewilders them is exist. If satisfactory therapeutic results are CARL ALBERT will be missed in this the Yankee reforming zeal that is always re­ being obtained from medicines already in House for his friendship. He shall be casting its structure without ever correcting use, the agency declines to risk the oppro­ missed for his support. But most of all, its vices. The FDA commissioner's job, they brium of approving a new drug that might Mr. Speaker, he will be missed because note, is called the ejector seat, and the whole have side-effects. This outright rejection of agency is in a perpetual state of flux called the very notion of progress is nowhere put he is an uncommonly decent human "reform." Among the reasons for this insta­ on paper, but industry sources claim it is being. bility are the frequently mediocre quality now FDA policy. Innovators are guilty until of the personnel and internecine struggles proven innocent. between bureaucratic clans. The main reason, The impact of this primitive approach to ILLINOIS STUDENT TO DENMARK though, says the German study, is that the pharmaceutical research In the U.S., and on FDA is trying to do something impossible-­ the use of foreign medicines in American "reduce the risk of socially valuable products practice, is a well-documented subject to to zero." which the German report adds little. It HON. PAUL FINDLEY Required to deliver the unattainable, the does note, however, that the diversion of OF ll.LINOIS FDA thrashes about to give the illusion of FDA resources to a vast and vain program IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES efficacy. It spends ever la,rger sums of money, of testing the efficacy of tens of thousands employs more people, generates more pa.per of existing remedies will further slow down Friday, June 11, 1976 and demands that others do the same. In­ the rate of approval of new ones. More seri­ Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, this evitably, it drowns in its own paperwork. ously, the Germans argue that after terroriz­ summer 184 students from throughout · Not only do valuable documents -get lost, but ing the drug manufacturers, the medical also the Germans cite evidence that it can police now has the practising medicos under the United States will visit 27 foreign take weeks for a letter to the FDA to find surveillance. countries as Bicentennial Couriers. The its way to the relevant official and weeks By insisting on rating the relative efficacy program is sponsored by Youth For Un­ more for his written reply to get put in the of various medicaments, t,he regulatory body derstanding and has received Govern­ mail. Not to mention that his decision can is invading the province of the physician. In­ ment grants. The couriers are being se­ take weeks, months or even years to arrive stead of doing its basic job of keeping im­ lected through essay contests and will at. FDA took two years to approve the word­ postors out of physic, it is usurping the doc­ later live with a family in a foreign coun­ ing of a package insert for a tuberculosis tor's job of deciding how to treat illness. remedy, while a ruling on an advertisement The law gives it no warrant to do so, and, try and in various ways represent the commonly must wait 18 months. There are indeed, a Health, Education and Welfare of­ United States. legal limits to the time consumed over some ficial, at the Kefauver-Harris hearings, spe­ Later this month, Marcia Lemon of matters, but the agency evades them by call­ cifically denied that this would ever be done. Roodhouse, Ill., will leave for Denmark ing, at the eleventh hour, for "more infor­ The fact remains that every American doc­ as a Bicentennial Courier. I am confi­ mation." Once it gets its "fix" of paper-drug, tor today is in danger of a malpractice sult dent that she will admirably represent it can slump into another legal spell of if his treatment varies from the therapeutic both Il.linois and the United States while torpor. recommendations and tables of relating drug Such circumvention of the law is what the efficacy issued by Washington. she is there. I include extracts from her Germans, all-too-familiar with recent cases It is natural that, as they ponder a new prize winning essay: of legalized arbitrariness, find objectionable drug law, the Germans should study the THE SEEDS OF OUR HERITAGE about the FDA. They charge that the agency canker of a regulatory body smitten with America's roots lie deep i:r;i her rich black stretches the law to usurp additional powers hypertrophy. It is just as natural that they soil. The promise of abundant land brought and it uses its right to control drugs for should ask whether Americans today are people to the New World. Farmers, since the purposes which the law never intended. any better protected from medical mishaps very beginning of American history, have When it chooses to enforce a change in the than Europeans with less meticulous regula­ played one of the most important roles in labeling or the indications for a medicine, it tion. And that is a highly delicate sub­ cultivating the growth of America. The very will hold up approval of a sample batch or of ject in the drug industry these days. Tact­ first colony, Jamestown, was saved through some new presentation of that drug until fully, the study commissioned by the West the tobacco farming in 1612. All along the the manufacturer bows to its will. It is not German association simply notes that just eastern coast Europeans settled and began surprising to learn that an agency with such as many accidents have been reported in the to farm. They cleared land, built their homes disrespect for propriety frequently denies U.S. since 1962 as in Europe after thalido­ and barns, and raised their crops and fami­ ('ommon justice by declining to grant manu­ mide. Informants who are ready to speak lies. Merchants soon followed to trade with facturers their right to a hearing, by violat­ more freely say that the official figures well the farmers, and thus America was colonized. ing trade secrets and by disregarding its own may understate the case. It developed into thirteen colonies who soon legally prescribed rules. demanded their independence. Malfeasance can be found in bureauc­ The new nation, just founded in 1776, racies of any kind, but the association of owned no land. It called upon its thirteen this one with the art of healing makes its TRIBUTE TO CARL ALBERT states to surrender their vacant and un­ misdeeds especially repellent. The German appropriated "western" public lands, which report alleges that while the FDA will de­ could be disposed of for the common bene­ mand that a manufacturer attain scientifi­ fit of the United States. When American cally impossible levels of purity in a drug, its HON. PHILLIP BURTON farmers began to feel too crowded, they own laboratories are so disorganized, incom­ OF CALIFORNIA pushed westward onto these public lands petent and contaminated that they damage IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES called the Northwest Territory. samples sent for analysis, whereupon the In Thoma.s Jefferson's day, over 70 per­ manufacturer is blamed. While posing as the Monday, June 7, 1976 cent of the new country's population were scientific enemy of quackery, the agency has Mr. PHILLIP BURTON. Mr. Speaker, farmers. Thomas Jefferson called agriculture refused to correct arithmetical mistakes and to know CARL ALBERT as a friend is a the "crown of all other sciences". He con­ typographical errors in its rulings, although treasured experience. To have served sidered the independent farmer the ideal they do proven damages to commercial in - citizen of a democracy: secure and, in many terests. While it plagues the indm;try with with him in the U.S. House of Repre­ ways, self-sufficient. Jefferson was already "thoughtless, superfluous and vexing de­ sentatives has been a privilege. preparing the United States for the rapidly mands," it invites ridicule by ordering fertil­ His long career stands out as one of growing west. Even before Napoleon's offer ity test~ on a drug used in geriatrics, or by the most exemplary in the history of this to sell Louisiana, Jefferson had ordered prep­ concluding, after an expensive. weeks-long House. aration for the exploration of lands west of insnection of a drug factor, that the bi~ It is a career marked by unquestioned the Mississippi. The United States purchased change needed was use of a steel spoon integrity, unshakable fairness, and com­ Louisiana in 1803, and in May, 1804, the rather than a wooden one. passion of the sort that moves colleagues Lewis and Clark expedition set forth. Behind these peccadilloes, the FDA is forg­ European immigrants were pouring into ing a whole new philosophy of public health, and associates to view him with affection New York, some to stay there and some to which, in reality, is a prescrintion for the and loyalty. join the westward movement. Settlers spilled tranqu111ty of bureaucrats. Briefly, it is to Mr. Speaker, CARL ALBERT has been a over the Mississippi, following the expedi­ the effect that a highly visible 1llus1on of formidable champion in these Chambers tions of Lewis and Clark, Pike, and govern- 17832 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1976 ment surveyors. America. was constantly on like in the year 2076? No one can contem­ of the central bank, the Federal Reserve the move westward. The farmers settled first, plate the activities, the crops and livestock, Board, are consistent with the Presldential­ followed then by the rest of "civ1lization". the buildings and machinery, the power and Congressiona.l goals (the Fed must submit It was not at all unusual for a man to move transportation. its intended policies ea.ch year), and if the his family three or four times in his life, Lessons from the past shall be guides to ·President determines the Fed's approach is each time developing a new farm, and selling the future. New discoveries shall add to "inconsistent with the achievement of the his developed fa.rm at a profit. agricultural prosperity. goals and policies ..." (he) shall make rec­ America kept growlng and expanding. It Farmers were the_fertilizer needed for the ommendations to the Board and to the Con­ was beginning to seem impossible for the growth of America.. They are the seeds of our gress to insure closer conformity. farmers, plagued With much work and few heritage, and the sowers of our future. hands to do it, to feed a now industrial so­ Mr. Speaker, this gives the President ciety with its growing towns and cities. In­ carte blanche to do almost anything he ventors came to the rescue, some of who were wishes. If the President were to imple­ farmers themselves. H.R. 50 GOES INTO A "FAffiLY DEEP ment the bill fully, the President would In 1837, a man named John Deere bullt DOSE OF ECONOMIC PLANNING" have enormous-and frightening­ "the plow that broke the plains". Farmers powers. now had horse-drawn plows, harrows, and As our minority views state: planters. They were able to sow much more HON. MARVIN L. ESCH wheat than they were able to reap with the Theoretically, the President could, if he awkv?a.rd, heavy scythe. A mechanical har­ OF MICHIGAN wishes, do most anything. He could charge vester was needed. In the 1830's, several men IN THE HOUSE'OF REPRESENTATIVES into the arena of monetary policy and force a. growth in the money supply-advantageous patented various reapers but they were too Friday, June 11, 1976 faulty, and too few. Cyrus McCormick, a Vi,r­ to his short-run political fortune, but dis­ glnla farmer developed a reaper that would Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, I should like astrous to the economy. He could set loose the work. He patented it in 1834. His machine to call attention to the Members of this regulatory agencies to further disrupt the combined a.11 the necessary elements, none private sector through arbitrary and un­ body, an article by James L. Rowe, Jr., in challengeable edicts. He could institute con­ of them new, but never before assembled so the April 18 issue of the Washington practically. fiscatory tax policies to pay for the new full Agriculture was on the road to expansion. Post. The subject is the Humphrey-Haw­ employment progra.ms. In short, he could do Farmers could produce greater quantities of kins bill. It was written at a time when most anything he deemed "necessary and ad­ crops, and Whitney's invention of the cot­ deep concerns were beginning to surface visable" to achieve the stated goal of full ton gin (1792) had increased the cotton . about the ramifications of this legisla­ employment, including centralization of crops phenomenally. The government tion. Because of the in-depth treatment economic decision-making into one man. wanted to encourage more farmers to settle by Mr. Rowe of this bill, I will quote at the far west, so they modified the sale of Mr. Rowe continues: public lands by the Homestead Act of 1862. length from his article: Critics contend that an approach such as Any person over 21 could obtain the title to The bill has enthusiastic support from Humphrey-Hawkins, instead of making 160 acres of public land if he lived on the organized labor, but many economists, both things better in the long-run, could make land for five years and improved it, or the liberal and conservative are chary of setting them worse. While the 3 per cent target is settler could pay $1.25 an acre in place of the numerical targets for aggregate figures such only a. goal rather than a fixed element of residence requirement. It was hoped this law as the unemployment rate. public policy, policy makers have an a.ver­ would help workers obtain homesteads of Getting down to a 3 per cent unemploy­ sion to setting goals they do not hit. their own. · ment rate could have terrible conse­ Albert Rees, director of the Council of Thousands of settlers were attracted to the quences on the inflation rate. Even in the Wage and Price Stability from its inception West. From 1862 to 1900 it provided farms best o:( times the economy has found it dif­ in October 1974 until last August, worries and new homes for between 400,000 and ficult to sustain on unemployment rate not only about the pract1cab111ty of the 3 600,000 families. The opportunities ottered by much below 4 percent for very long. Although per cent target--"We've never been able to the act were ~dely advertised in Europe, the last half of the 1960s saw rates below 4 reach lt"-but also whether the government bringing many immigrants to settle the per cent, much of that occurred during wants to get so deeply enmeshed in jobs pro­ western lands. The Dakotas and the other the super-heated economy of the Vietnam grams. territories were soon populated. war. Rees, now provost of Princeton University, Changes ca.me quickly in agriculture after Arnold Weber, who headed the Cost of said it would make more sense to concentrate the mid 1860's. Businessmen built meat­ Living Council during the 1971 wage-price on providing jobs for the long-term unem­ packing plants, dairies, and other factories freeze and is now dean of the Graduate ployed a.lone. to process farm products, taking over tasks School of Business Administration at Car­ once performed by the farmer. negie-Mellon University, · notes that the Mr. Speaker, I agree with Albert Rees; Farmers started using large numbers of Humphrey-Hawkins bill restores the notion I do believe that the 3 percent target is tractors and tractor-drawn machines after of a link between work and income. an unrealistic goal, and have been in­ World War I. The increased use in machines But Weber, a labor economist, has strong serting in the RECORD statements by lead­ has made it possible for one family to oper­ reservations about the proposal. He worries ing liberal economists who also hold this ate a farm over twice the size of farms in the about how to define who ls counted as an view. I agree with his concern that the days of the horse-drawn equipment. adult American and who is not and says it The revolution in agriculture has not been will be very difficult to figui'e out what to pay Government not become too "enmeshed" limited only to machines. Increased produc­ those citizens who are working for the gov­ in public service jobs, for our experience tion also resulted from new crop varieties, ernment as an employer of last resort. thus far with the CETA-comprehensive new knowledge in fertilizers, improved irri­ "You want to keep the wage low to cre­ Employment and Training Act-has been gation, better control of diseases and insects, ate disincentives to stay on when there that it has turned into a bailout for the and improved marketing methods. might be jops in the private sector." Weber cities who have laid off their municipal Farming has become an occupation on said, adding that the wage must be high employees and has not addressed the which the existence of the entire population enough to create an incentive to work, also problem of providing employment for the of the United States depends. The improved that there will be little incentive to leave a methods of farming have decreased the num­ government job of last resort if it pays as hard-core unemployed, which was ber of farmers to less than 7 percent of the well as a job in the private sector. CETA's original purpose. It seems to me, American population today. Although most public discussion of the too, that we should concentrate on pro­ The etfect of these modern farming meth­ proposal has focused on the 3 per cent un­ viding jobs for the long-term unemploy­ ods have made America the best fed, health-­ employment goal and the government's role ed, and I should like my colleagues to lest nation in the world. We have a wider as employer of last resort to assure that the know that the Republican substitute has choice of foodstutfs than ever before. Fw-­ 3 per cent level is reached, the bill goes well an important component in it which ad­ t,hermore, we can purchase most items of beyond simple goal-setting and manpower food all year round-not just during harvest programs "Into a Fairly Deep Dose of Eco­ dresses this problem. I shall be writing season. nomic Planning." further on the subject of the Esch sub­ Today's farm youth have no conception of The bill would require the President, in stitute in future days and trust that my farming a century ago. They cannot, nor do cooperation with the Congressional Joint colleagues will give time and thoughtful t.hev cf!re to understand the language which Economic Committee to: attention to the alternative proposals ~ontained suoh words as ha.me, crouper, sin­ Develop a long-range economic plan for which are made. The article follows: gle tree, evener, or husking peg. employment, production "purchasing" power WEIGHING THE JOBS GAP They do understand carburetor, super­ and, within a year after the a.ct ls passed, re­ sonic, diesel, and stilbestrol. They know the view the full employment goal and the time­ (By James L. Rowe, Jr.) meaning of such cryptic initials and figures table to meet it. In no event could that goal Although the American economy has been as 2-4-D-t, DDT, 4-H, FAA, !AA, and USDA. be higher than 3 per cent by 1980. in a relatively vigorous recovery for the la.st What wlll our world and farming in it be Determine whether the proposed policies six to mne months, aoout 7 million people- June 11, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17833 7.5 per cent of the work force-are stm job­ individual is working as an electrician on a went to court to demand a job, an aide to less. project, he should receive an electrician's Humphrey said the courts would not force While this is an improvement from the wage, an aide to Hw:pphrey said, while if the the government to hire him-the fine legal 8.9 per cent unemployment peak reached last job is a minimum-wage level job, the indi­ textures might not be apparent to the aver­ May, it is still well above the 5 to 5.25 per vidual should receive the minimum wage. age citizen who could see it as a job guar­ cent rate most economists settle on as "full "If there a.re defects in the wage structure," antee. employment." And it is about twice the un­ they will be reflected in the wages paid by the The bill says right off it is designed to employment rate recorded during the boom government as an employer of la.st resort, he "translate into practical reality the right of years of the late 1960s. Despite the extreme­ said, but there should be no new defects all adult Americans able, willing and seek­ ly high level of joblessness that has persisted introduced under the Humphrey-Hawkins ing to work to full opportunity for useful since the end of the recession la.st spring­ proposal. paid employment at fair rates of compen­ and despite administration forecasts that it But, as Weber notes, there will be little in­ sation." will be several more years before the rate centive to leave a government job of last re­ To get to a 3 per cent unemployment level, winds down to even a 5 per cent level-un­ sort if it pays as well as a job in the private Sar Levitan of George Washington Univer­ employment has not been a hot issue even in sector. sity's Center for Manpower Policy Studies this, a presidential election year. Treasury Secretary William E. Simon said has estimated, the economy would have to Sen. Hubert H. Humphrey (D-Minn.) and he fears that Humphrey-Hawkins would lead grow at an annual rate of 7.5 per cent a Rep. Augustus Hawkins (D-Calif.) are trying to a round of uncontrollable wage escala­ year, a rate that it has never sustained. to change that. . tions and its implementation would ulti­ Furthermore, f!,S the unemployment rate Last month they introduced into the mately lead to wage and price controls. moved closer to 4 per cent, tremendous in­ House and Senate a bill which, if it would not Implicit in the bill is the notion that mone­ flationary pressures would begin to be felt guarantee every adult American a job, would tary and fiscal policies by themselves wlll not in many sectors of the economy where re­ come close to doing so. It would commit the only fall to create enough jobs, but will prob­ sources were tight. The trouble with setting federal government to setting speciflc nu­ ably fall to be effective enough in themselves broad numerical targets, notes .carnegie­ merical goals for unemployment. If fiscal and as an anti-inflation device. Humphrey-Hawk­ Mellon's Weber, is that it is not calibrated monetary policies prove insufficient in bring­ ins not only requires the government to come to demographic realities or social policies ing the rate down to that level, the bill would up with supplementary manpower policies such as the attitude toward the amount of require the President to put forth a program to bring unemployment down further than time potential workers remain students. of government jobs to fill the gap. monetary and fiscal policies can, it also pro­ But a few economists, most notably Leon The proposed b111 says that in any event vides the basis for some sort of wage-price Keyserling who headed President Truman's within four years after enactment, the goal policy, although the statements are vague Council of Economic Advisers, do not buy is an unemployment rate no higher than 3 and do not talk directly of wage and price the standard argument that there is a trade­ per cent among "adult" Americans. But the controls-which are anathema not only to off between inflation and unemployment. bill does not specify what an adult is. the current administration and to businesses, Keyserling has argued that recessions and All three leading contenders for the Demo­ but also to labor which supports Humphrey­ unemployment contribute to inflation be­ cratic presidential nomination have em­ Hawkins. cause the costs of production must be spread braced the concept of the Humphrey-Haw­ Although most public discussion of the across both used and unused resources and kins proposal, although Jimmy carter has proposal has focused on the 3 per cent un­ because the economy loses vast amounts of been less enthusiastic about the bill than employment goal and the government's role skills when workers are laid off. Morris Udall or Henry Jackson. as employer of last resort to assure that the Weber said there is no doubt that there Humphrey, chairman of the Joint Eco­ 3 per cent level is reached, the b111 goes well are unused resources, but that they are un­ nomic Committee, used the occasion of the beyond simple goal-setting and manpower used because the costs of producing from 30th anniversary of the Employment Act of programs into a fairly deep dose of economic them are higher than the value of the 1946 as a sounding board for the Humphrey­ planning. product. Hawkins proposal last month. The bill has The bill would require the President, in Albert Rees, director of the Council on enthusiastic support from organized labor, cooperation with the Congressional Joint Wage and Price Stab11ity from its inception but many economists, both liberal and con­ Economic Committee to: in October 1974 until la.st August, worries servative are chary of setting numerical tar­ Develop a long-range economic plan for not only about the practicability of the 3 gets for aggregate figures such as the unem­ employment, production and "purchasing" per cent target--"We've never been able to ployment rate. power and, within a year after the act is reach it"-but also whether the government Getting down to a 3 per cent unemploy­ passed, review that full employment goal and wants to get so deeply enmeshed in jobs ment rate could have terrible consequences the timetable to meet it. In no event could programs. on the inflation rate. Even in the best of that goal be higher than 3 per cent by 1980. Rees, now provost of Princeton University, times the economy has found it difficult to Set yearly goals for employment, output said it would make more sense to concen­ sustain an unemployment rate much below and inflation. trate on providing jobs for the long-term 4 per cent for very long. Although the last Determine whether the proposed policies unemployed alone. half of the 1960s saw rates below 4 per cent, of the central bank, the Federal Reserve much of that occurred during the super­ Board, are consistent with the Presidential­ heated economy of the Vietnam war. Congressional goals (the Fed must submit Nevertheless, several economists point to its intended policies each year), and if the DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE redeeming characteristics in the lull beyond President determines the Fed's approach is RESOLUTION BY RICHARD HENRY the "chicken-in-every-pot" approach. "inconsistent with the achievement of the goals and policies ... (he) shall make recom­ LEE, CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, Alice Rivlin, director of the Congressional PHILADELPHIA, JUNE 7, 1776 Budget Office noted at the bearings last mendations to the Board and to the Congress month that the government is spending to insure closer conformity ..." about $19 billion to "pay people not to work Determine how far monetary and fiscal and only about $5.3 billion to create jobs." policies can take full employment and set HON. J. J. PICKLE Arnold Weber, who headed the Cost of Liv­ out a panoply of programs to bring it down OF TEXAS ing Council during the 1971 wage-price freeze to the goal. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and is now dean of the Graduate School of Humphrey, testifying last week before the Business Administration at Carnegie-Mellon House Committee on Education and Labor, Friday, June 11, 1976 University, notes that the Humphrey-Haw­ said his measure "recognizes that there is no Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, I would kins bill restores the notion of a link between simple path to full employment through a like to bring to the attention of the work and income. single bill or program, and instead it pro­ House a speech made June 7 by our col­ But Weber, a labor economist, has strong poses a general economic policy framework reservations about the proposal. He worries with a package of programs to give that new league, LINDY BOGGS, chairman of the about how to define who is counted' as an structure direction and meaning. The actual Joint Committee on Arrangements for adult American and who is not and says it activities will vary from year to year, depend­ Commemoration of the Bicentennial. will be very difficult to figure out what to pay ing upon economic conditions and Congres­ The occasion was a luncheon in Phila­ those citizens who are working for the gov­ sional descisions and this flexible process is delphia, sponsored by the Philadelphia ernment as an employer of last resort. "You the major strength of the legislation." Chapter of the Federal Bar Association, want to keep the wage low to create disin­ Critics contend that an approach such as honoring Richard Henry Lee's resolution centives to stay on when there might be jobs Humphrey-Hawkins, instead of making in the private sector," yet the wage must be things better in the long-run, could make in the Continental Congress on June 7, high enough to create an incentive to work them worse. While the 3 per cent target is 1776. This resolution led to the drafting Weber said. ' only a goal rather than a fixed element of of the Declaration of Independence, a The bill Itself says that the wages paid public policy, policy makers have an aver­ "Plan of Treaties" that served as a model those who work for the government as an sion to setting goals they do not hit. for the Treaty of Alliance with France in employer of last resort should be the prevail­ And while the bill does not guarantee 1778, and "the form of a confederation" ing wage for that type of occupation. If an absolutely every American a job-if a citizen that later became the Articles of Con- 17834 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1976 federation. This resolution, then, began that placed him in the front rank of colonial ing closely with the Puerto Rican So­ a process that ended with the organiza­ leaders. cialist Party-PSP, the Weather Under­ This boycott, begun in 1774 and later ground's Prairie Fire Organizing Com­ tion of the United States of America. called the "Continental Association," was LINDY BOGGS, CALDWELL BUTLER, and I modeled on Lee's "Westmoreland Associa­ mittee-PFOC, the Mass Party Orga­ attended this celebration and repre­ tion" of 1766. It was the most significant nizing Committee-MPOC, and the Na­ sented the Joint Committee on the Bi­ action of that Congress because it organized tional LawYers Guild-NLG, in the July centennial on this very historic occasion. a committee to oversee its enforcement in 4 coalition which is planning mass The speech made by Mrs. BoGGs virtually every American community, com­ demonstrations at the Philadelphia follows: mittees that would become the organiza­ Bicentennial. tional backbone of the independence move­ The Native American Solidarity Com­ REMARKS OF HON. LINDY BOGGS, FEDERAL BAR ment. It was the first truly concrete step AsSOCIATION LUNCHEON towards an American Union. mittee, with its national office operating I want to thank the Philadelphia Chapter The difference between the Richard Henry from P.O. Box 3426, St. Paul, Minn. of the Federal Bar Association and the city Lee who advanced the "Continental Associa­ 55165 [612/227-1973], grew out of the of Philadelphia. for inviting me here today. tion" in 1 774 and the Richard Henry Lee who work of the Wounded Knee Legal De­ It is always a pleasure to visit Philadelphia introduced the Resolution of June 7th, 1776, fense/Offense Committee - WKLDOC, and especially this year in my capacity as illustrated how quickly and decisively Ameri­ Chairman of the Joint Committee on Ar­ organized by the National LawYers can attitudes had changed in that brief pe­ Guild after the American Indian Move­ rangements for Commemoration of the Bicen­ riod. While the Continental Congress of 1774 tennial. For, after all, not only did so many was preoccupied with the peaceful pursuits ment's armed occupation of Wounded of the historic events that we are celebrating of drafting a "Declaration of Rights and Knee, S. Dak. New Left revolutionaries this year occur here, but also this city was Grievances" and implementing the "Conti­ from across the United States traveled the site of the Centennial Exposition which nental Association"; in June, 1776, less than to South Dakota to work with the we can ram.ember as the first occasion of true two yea.rs later, the delegates assembled in WKLDOC as legal workers, researchers, national unity following the terrible divisive Philadelpliia, who were absorbed by the de­ newsletter and press release writers. struggles of the Civil War and Reconstruc­ mands of a year-long war and the recent news tion. I am sure that bere in Philadelphia in Others served as local contacts for fund that King George was planning to send raising, arranging speakers tours by 1876, thoughts turned to the question of na­ twelve thousand German mercenaries to sup­ tional purpose almost as readily as they had press his rebellious colonies, turned their at­ AIM leaders, and so on. The NASC arose in 1776. tentions instead to the question of independ­ from those activities. So much that is dear to all of us was born ence, foreign alliances, and confederation. The NASC supports the "Native Amer­ and nurtured here, and each time I visit thls Because of the dramatic impact of the Dec­ ican struggle for sovereignty as part of city that so obviously cherishes the monu­ laration of Independence, we sometimes for­ the worldwide anti-imperialist struggle," ments of its historical past, I feel confident get that Lee's resolution and Congress's ac­ of the future of this Republic that is pre­ and "freedom for all Native American tions concerned more than independence. political prisoners"-by which NASC paring to enter its third century. For as I Committees were also formed to compose visited some of the elegant buildings here in both "the form of a Confederation" and a means all convicted Indians serving a Independence National Historical Park­ "Plan of Tre~,ties." All of the committees sentence. Georgia.n, Federal, and Greek Revival in completed their assigned tasks. The Declara­ NASC chapters exist in some 19 cities, style-I began to think of the members of and it is interesting to note that the the Continental Congress assembled here In tion o:11 Independence was agreed to on July 1776. They were as skillful as the architects 4th. John Dickinson's draft of the Articles of Weather Underground's Prairie Fire who designed these ancient structures. Confederation, ready for consideration on Organizing Committee is strongly rep­ Their building materials, however, were July 12th, we1·e finally accepted by Congress resented on the NASC National In­ words rather than bricks; ideas were their in 1778 a.nd ratified in ea.rly 1779. S1milarly, terim Committee in the persons of Me­ blueprints. the "Pln.n of 1776," adopted in September of that year, led to the alliarn::e with France in linda Rorick, a former Mayday Tribe "That these colonies are, and of right 1778, and remained the model for most Amer­ activist who is now a leader of the San ought to be, Free and Independent States, ican commercial treaties for over a century. Francisco PFOC; and Jed Proujansky, that they are absolved from all allegiance to If only Congressional Committees today arrested and convicted of mob action at the British Crown, and that all political con­ were as farsighted as those of the summer of the 1969 Weatherman Days of Rage riot nection between them and the State of 1776; but few Congresses since have matched in Chicago and who is currently a Prairie Great Britain ls, and ought to be, totally the talent that was assembled across the dissolved. That it is expedient forthwith to Fire Organizing Committee leader in street two hundred years ago. We can only New York working with the July 4 coali­ take the most effectual measures for form­ consider them with a certain wonder-those ing foreign alliances. That a plan of con­ fifty-six signers of the Declaration of Inde­ tion. It is also noted that Miles Pustin, federation be prepared and transmitted to pendence-who in a few weeks one summer a PFOC national leader from Barre, Ver­ the respective colonies for their consulta­ in Philadelphia not only expressed the aspira­ mont, has devoted a significant amount tion and approbation." tions of a people but also wisely and almost of his time to the Vermont NASC chap­ These words of Richard Henry Lee of Vir­ effortlessly laid the lasting foundations of a ter. ginia, spoken on July 7, 1776, were the open­ new nation. At its February 3-5 national council ing statement in a debate that we may fairly judge to be the most crucial in the history meeting, the NAS'C decided to use NASC of this nation. They are the words that have chapters to "start taking leadership in NATIVE AMERICAN SOLIDARITY the building of July 4, 1976, coalitions, drawn us together today so that we may more COMMI'ITEE fully understand the events of two centuries partly to guarantee that our positions ago that compelled a Congress of representa­ are articulated and to be a visible and tives from thirteen British colonies scattered HON. LARRY McDONALD vocal part of the event." along the Atlantic coast of North America oF GEORGIA Ann Gael Durham, who was made a between the St. Lawrence River in the north, Spanish Florida in the south, and the Alle­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES member of the NASC's National Interim gheny mountains to the west, to begin the Coordinating Committee at that meet- final phase of a discussion that most colo­ Friday, June 11, 1976 ing, was selected as the Native Ameri- nists would not have anticipated when the Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the can Solidarity Committee delegate to the first Continental Congress had assembled in Native American Solidarity Committee- July 4 coalition board. Ann Gael, as she September, 1774. NASC-is yet another in a series of New is frequently known, is the wife of Jimmy The first Congress was also composed of Left revolutionary' organizations formed Durham, head of the AIM Foreign /..f­ troubled men. The cause of their concern to support certain currently popular na- fairs department and of AIM's Interna­ was the measures recently adopted by the government in London that Americans called tional liberation movement s and anti- tional Indian Treaty Council United Na­ the "Coercive Acts." In response to those imperialist struggles, most of which are tions office. Jimmy Durham also serves Acts, this first Congress pursued several openly or clandestinely using armed on the July 4th coalition board. It is strategies: one of these taken at the urging struggle tactics-the current revolu- noted that the Philadelphia demonstra­ of Richard Henry Lee was a series of non­ tionary euphemism for terrorism. tions are scheduled to commence •with importation, non-exportation, and non-con­ As with the parallel groups-the a street march led by 2,000 members of sumption acts-in effect a commercial boy­ Puerto Rican Solidarity Committee- the American Indian Movement. cott directed at Great Britain. These were PRSC, the Palestine Solidarity Commit- The NASC not surprisingly decided to familiar techniques to Richard Henry Lee, who, along with Jefferson and Patrick Henry, tee--PSC, and the Committee for Pana- obtain membership on the PFOC/PSP was recognized as a Virginian possessing manian Sovereignty-CPS, the Native Hard Times Board, to accept a staff those qualities of eloquence and intellect American Solidarity Committee is work- . member recruited and funded by the June 11, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17835 National Lawyers Guild's new Commit­ Jed Proujansky, July 4th Coalition, Box this contention. After analyzing a.II short tee on Native American Struggles, ana to 205, Cooper Station, New York City, New and long term factors, these agencies believe invite the WKLDOC also to have a rep­ York 10003. that under certain assumptions the Dingell/ Kathi James, 604 Holly, Apt. 202, St. Paul, Broyhill amendment will save consumers resentative on the NASC representative Minnesota 55102, 612-224-0908. $22.3 billion over the costs of attaining H.R. council. Ann Gael (Durha.mJ, 228 Eighth Avenue, 10498's more stringent emission schedule. List of NASC chapters follows: #7, New York City, New York 10011, 212- This saving would rise to $30 bllllon if in­ NATrVE AMERICAN SOLIDARITY COMMITTEE 691-9051 (h), 986--6000. flation is ta.ken into account. CHAPTERS Second, the Dingell/Broyhill amendment Amherst NASO: c/o Jim Jordan, Room 216, would permit the auto industry to adopt Student Union, University of Massachusetts, AMERICAN AUTOMOBILE ASSOCI­ more innovative, less inherently polluting Amherst, Massachusetts 01002. power sources. Auto makers have been nearly ATION ANNOUNCES SUPPORT unanimous in their announcements that the Liaison: Jim Jordan, 413-367-2613. FOR THE DINGELL/BROYHILL-­ Ann Arbor NASO: c/o Va.nder Wall, 2222 ultimate nitrogen oxide (NOx) standard re­ Fuller Road 1204, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 313- TRAIN-AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS quired in the 1970 Clean Air Act-.4 grams 663-0217. CONTROL AMENDMENT TO THE per Inile (gpm)-will prevent them from us­ Liaison: Rita. B-arusch. CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS OF ing new engines ( e.g. the diesel, stmtlfied Atlanta NASO: c/ o Ca.thy Bennett, 619 1976 charge, sterling cycle etc.) . Myrtle Street, Atlanta., Georgia. 30308. The Dingell/ Broyhill amendment, on the Liaison: Ca.thy Bennett, 404-874-8843. other hand, drops the present NOx standard Boston/Cambridge NASO: Cosa.s y Plata., HON. JOHN D. DINGELL of 3.1 gpm to 2.0 gpm in the coming model 36 Boylston Street, Harvard Square, Cam­ OF MICHIGAN year and maintains it through the 1981 model year. It then permits EPA to set fu­ bridge, Massachusetts. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Liaison: Rubin 0-ala.viz, 617-354-1630 or ture NOx levels administratively. Carol Dinezip, 617-973-0693 (w), 545-0478 Friday, June 11, 1976 AAA believes that maintaining the NOx (h). standard a.t 2.0 gpm for the 1977-81 period Chicago NASO: c/o Happy Mathieson, 411 Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, the Amer­ will adequately protect public health and, N. Harvard, Villa. Park, Illinois 60181, 312- ican Automobile Association has joined at the same time, provide the stability needed 833-5893. in support of the strong movement to to permit auto makers to direct their efforts DO NASO: P.O. Box 6512, Wa.shiugton, D.C. secure adoption in Congress of the auto­ toward developing more advanced engines. 20009. mobile emission control amendment co­ While the Dingell/Broyhlll amendment Liaison: Suzanne Groff', 292-234-1616. continues the reduction of auto pollution, it SPonsored by Congressman JAMES T. also has the important collateral advantage Ganienkeh Support Committee: 405 West­ BROYHILL of North Carolina and I. The cott Street, Syracuse, New York 13210, 315- of giving mechanics a "fixed target" on which 479-7783. support of this natiowide organization is to concentrate in developing their under­ Indianapolis NASO: c/ o David Cain, 970 N. most welcome and appreciated. The pub­ standing of emissions control maintenance. Olney Street, Indiana.polis, IncUa.na. 46201. lic announcement by the AAA, 17-mil­ AAA feels that the rapid changes in tech­ Kentucky NASO: c/ o Terry Bisson, RR lion consumer/motorists, is further evi­ nology resulting from the Clean Air Act, No. 6, Box 212A, Scottsville, Kentucky 42164. dence of the need and widespread call coupled with continual changes in t:t;le New York City NASO: c/ o International for adoption of those emission control standards, have caused a. widening gap be­ Indian Treaty Council, 777 United Nations tween engineering design and the 8/bility of standards we advocate, standards which mechanics to properly maintain controlled Plaza, New York City, New York 10017 212- were recommended to Congress for en­ 986-6000. vehicles. Liaison: Sue Robeson, 212-243-2310. actment earlier by Administrator Train A recent indication of this gap was re­ Ohio NASO: c/o Shelly Tenebaum, Student of the U.S. Environmental Protection vealed when EPA surveyed 1975-model car Ma1lroom, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Agency. owners in Chicago and Houston. EPA found Ohio 45387. As I enclose the text of the AAA en­ most of these low-mileage cars emitted higher Liaison: Shelly Tennenbaum 513-767-7112. dorsement which was received by all than allowaible amounts of pollution, even Philadelphia NASO: 137 South Eighth House Members, I urge the House to im­ though 90 percent of the car owners surveyed Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106. said they had had their vehicles "tuned" mediately schedule action on the Clean since purchase! Liaison: Karel Killmnlk, 215-241-7126 (w) Air Act Amendments of 1976, H.R. 10498. 561-4230(h) 215-923-6763. The Dingell/ Broyhill amendment will al­ Phoenix NASO: c/ o Diana Werner, 1705 It is vital that the issue in this bill on low mechanics time enough to master the South Cutler Drive, Apt. J. Tempe, Arizona auto emission standards be resolved new techniques with little sacrifice in air 85281 602-968-1520. quickly ensuring the important and time­ quality. The EPA, DOT and FEA agree that Portland NASO: c/ o Steve Suagee, 103 ly progress of the manufacturing, jobs, under ideal conditions, the Dingell/Broyhill Northeast 29th. Portland, Oregon 97232. distrtbution, and sales cycle of automo­ numbers will allow auto pollution to rise Seattle NASO: c/ o Chris Melroe, 924 North biles, major factors in the health of the only slightly higher by 1990 than levels to be 35th, Seattle, Washington. permitted by existing numbers in H .R. U.S. economy. 10498. Liaison: Chris Melroe, 206-634-0276. The text of the AAA letter of sup­ St. Louis NASO: P.O. Box 8205, St. Louis, AAA's support of this amendment ls con­ Missouri 63156. port for the Dingell/Broyhill-Train­ dit ioned upon its expectation that extension Liaison: Lucky Hollander, 314-776-7843, amendment follows: of the compliance deadline will afford indus­ 773-3566. AMERICAN AUTOMOBILE AsSOCIATION, try the time it needs to develop less complex, NATIONAL OFFICE STAFF Falls Church, Va., June 9, 1976. more effective emissions control technology, Re: H.R. 10498, the Clean Air Amendments and to exert its influence more fully in the David Tilsen, Karen Northcott, Richard direction of upgrading technical capabi11ty of Hoover, Rachel Tilsen, Fath! James. of 1976. Hon. JOHN D. DINGELL, the nation's mechanics. San Francisco NASC: P .O. Box 40538, San Our association will study carefully the Francisco, California 94140. 2210 House Office Building, Washington, D.O. aut o industry's record of progress toward 3418 22nd Street, San Francisco, Califor­ achievement of these ends, and advise its nia 94114, 415-647-6196. DEAR CONGRESSMAN DINGELL: The American Automobile Association, ma.de up of 17 mil­ members accordingly. Liaison: Robin Evans, 415-648-1977. (We are aware that a foreign-made Volvo, Twin Cities NASO: P.O. Box 8564, Lake lion consumer/ motorist members, urges you to reject the new auto emission standards using a fuel injection system and a three­ Street Station, Minneapolis, Minnesota way catalytic converter, recently demon­ 55408. called for in H.R. 10498, and substitute a less costly set of standards proposed by the U.S. st rated excellent pollution control in a series Liaison: Kava Zabawa, 612-823-3534. of special tests for the California Air Re­ Vermont NASO: c/ o PPOC, Box 33, Barre, Environmental Protection Agency. This set of standards will be offered soon sources Board. We do not believe that this Vermont 05641. series, u tilizing a single prototype model, can Liaison: Miles Pustin, 802-456-8953. a.s an amendment to the b1ll by Reps. John Dingell (D-Mich.) and James Broyhill (R­ just ify more severe emissions standards. Be­ National Office: P.O. Box 3426, St. Paul, cause the testing procedure differs from Minnesota 55165, 612-227- 1973. N.C.). In simplest terms, the Dingell/ Broy­ hill amendment allows for the phasing in that of EPA and because of other variables, NATIONAL INTERIM COORDINATING COMMITTEE of increasingly stringent emission standards we think the results, while most promising, Rachel Tilsen, 1653 South Victoria Road, over a 6-year period (please see attachment) . are not as immediately significant as some St. Paul, Minnesota, 612--454--5333. We believe it will aid consumer/ motorists in have made them out to be.) 400 Minnesota Building, St. Paul, Minne­ three ways. We ask you to take the more positive, less sota 55101, 612-224--7687. First, the Dingell/Broyhill amendment costly approach to emissions controls and Suzanne Groff, 1737 17th Street NW., should hold down new car prices, m.ainte­ support the Dingell/ Broyhill amendment. Washington, D.C. 20009, 202-234--1616. na.nce and fuel costs. The EPA, the Depa.rt­ Yours sincerely, Melinda. Rorick, 661 Anderson Street, San ment of Transportation (DOT) a.nd the Fed­ JOHN DE LORENZI, Francisco, Ca.Iifornla, 415-285-4301. eral Energy Administration (FEA) support Managing Director, Public Policy Division. , 17836 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1976 THE DINGELL/BROYHILL AMENDMENT 1 trust fund-the logic being that 1f they were Subcommittee members debate reforms in not contributing to Social Security immedi­ the Disabillty Program, you keep in mind ately prior to the onset of disab111ty they the very arbitrary nature of the 20/40 re­ Stand- Hydro- Carbon Nitrogen would not really need the benefits. The idea quirement a.nd give careful and serious con­ arda carbons monoxide oxide was to protect the Individual suddenly sideration to removing it for the benefit of stricken with an Incapacitating condition thousands of Americans who a.re genuinely Present ------1. 5 15.0 3.1 and: removed from the work force. It ap­ disabled and who have paid Social Security 1977 1. 5 15.0 2.0 pears that the need of those who had left taJCes with the expectation that they would 1978 ------1.5 15.0 2.0 the work force, either intentionally or with­ be protected against loss of income in the 1979 ------1. 5 15.0 2.0 out choice, were Ignored altogether. Thus event they should become incapacitated. 1980 ------.9 9. 0 2.0 people who are otherwise fully insured under Before I conclude my remarks this morn­ 1981 ------.9 9.0 2.0 Social Security are denied benefits from a ing I would just like to mention also my 1982, ------et seq ___ .41 3.4 program that was intended to protect all concern over the inordinate delays in claims Americans against loss of income due to old­ and payment processing which have plagued age, dlsablltly or death of the wage earner. the Disabillty Insurance Program in recent 1 May 11, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, In addition, the 20/40 requirement dis­ yea.rs. I have co-sponsored With Congressma.n. 13454. criminates against women who frequently John Seiberling the Social Security Rights 2 To be set admlnlstratlvely. leave the labor force in order to raise fam­ Act which would place llmitations on the ilies and care for the home and who thus amount of time the Social Security Admin­ have less continuous coverage under social istration can spend in processing Social Se­ Security. I have heard this complaint several curity benefit claims. This bill requires that NEEDED REFORMS IN THE SOCIAL times, for example, from women in middle all initial and reconsideration claim deci­ SECURITY DISABILITY PROGRAM age who have become disabled and are not sions must be made Within 90 days and that yet eligible for old-age benefits, yet are hearing and appeals council decisions must fully insured under Social Security. More be rendered within 120 days on all Social HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER often than not, these women left the labor Security claims. Emergency payment pro­ force because of responsibllitles at home cedures in cases where monthly checks are OF NEW YORK and planned to return to work once condi­ lost or for claimants who are caught in de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions permitted. lays in claims processing would also be au­ Friday, June 11, 1976 I a.m informed by the Social Security Ad­ thorized under this Act. This is an area that ministration that in calendar year 1975 is of concern, I believe, to all of us. We all Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, earlier nearly 166,000 persons were denied disabillty have constituents who are affected by these today I had the opportunity to submit benefits on the basis of the 20 /40 require­ delays, and I think this is an area that testimony before the Subcommittee on ment. It is not possible to say how many of simply must be straightened out. I hope, Social Security of the Ways and Means these individuals would eventually have therefore, that you wlll also give sympathetic qualified for benefits, because. they were not consideration to the procedures and policies Committee regarding legislation I have subjected to the disabillty test. Unfor­ that are established by this blll. introduced to permit individuals who are tunately, statistics on the number of women I appreciate. the opportunity to appear be­ fully insured under social security to who applied for and were denied benefits on fore you this morning and I assure you of qualify for disability benefits regardless the basis of this requirement are not avail­ my complete cooperation in the full House of when their coverage was earned. able. in attempting to correct inequities and prob­ I believe the 20/40 requirement is one It is particularly distressing t o think of the lems in the Social Security DisabUity Pro­ of the most inequitable provisions of so­ choices that face an individual who finds that gram. cial security law, and I feel strongly due to some obscure provision of law he is about the need to correct this. I also took not protected against disability. If the indi­ advantage of the opportunity to express vidual is not able to perform any work for NATIONAL DEFENSE IS MEANING­ wages and has no protection under some LESS WITHOUT ADEQUATE ENERGY support for Congressman SEIBERLING's private program, he or she may ultimately be bill to improve the time frame for re­ forced to resort to the S.S.I. Program. This view and processing of social security means that the individual may very well have HON. MIKE MtCORMACK claims and appeals. to divest himself of most of his assets which OF WASHINGTON I insert my testimony into the RECORD have been acquired through years of hard IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in order to share my views on these work but which exceed the allowable limits subjects with our colleagues, under S.S.I. I think it is unconscionable that Friday, June 11, 1976 persons who are otherwise fully insured ELIMINATING THE RECENCY-OF-WORK RE­ would be asked to make such sacrifices simply Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I QUIREMENT FOR DISABILITY INSURANCE because they had the misfortune to become wish to call to the attention of my col­ BENEFITS disabled at a period in time which puts them leagues a letter by Mr. Boris Pregel, Mr. Chairman: I a.m pleased that you have outside the protection of the Social Security former president of the New York Acad­ given me this opportunity to appear before System. emy of Sciences, published in the New you to testify in behalf of legislation I have Mr. Chairman, last year I asked the Social York Times on April 7, 1976. introduced regarding the Social Security Security Administration to provide me with Mr. Pregel considers the development Disabillty Program. a cost estimate on my proposal. This was of a continuous domestic energy supply Under present law a worker disabled at made available to me from the office of the age 31 or later must have at least 20 quar­ Acting Deputy Chief Actuary on October 2, to be as critical a national priority as ters of coverage during the 40-quarter pe­ 1975. As you can well imagine, the proposal defense. I agree, Sufficient funding for riod ending with the quarter of his or her is not an inexpensive one. If the measure energy research and development, in­ disability in order to qualify for benefits. were effective for December of 1976, the re­ suring adequate fuel supplies is critical On March 5 of last year I introduced legis­ sulting a.mount of additional benefit pay­ to the economic stability of the Nation lation, H .R. 4315, retaining the requirement ments in calendar year 1977 ls estimated to and our military defense system. that an individual be fully insured in order total $1.6 billion. This estimate includes the It does no good to provide for national to qualify for disability but eliminating any effect of assumed automatic general benefit defense if we do not have enough energy requirement that coverage be earned during increases of 6.6% effective this month and It a specific time period. This blll has been re­ 6.4 % effective for June of 1977. As you know, to run this country. does no good to introduced several times and now has a total the cost-of-living increase for this year talk about programs to reduce unem­ of 45 co-sponsors. You may recall that on actually amounted to 6.4%, only slightly less ployment if we do not produce the en­ February 11 of this year most of these co­ than the figure used in computing this cost ergy that the jobs will require. These are sponsors joined me in sending a letter to estimate. Unfortunately, the dollar costs of the real issues. The antinuclear activ­ the Subcommittee urging that you give con­ providing fair and adequate protection for ists would weaken our country and cause sideration to making this change in the law all Americans under the Social Security Pro­ higher unemployment. as you debate reforms in the disability pro­ gram are invariably high. But we are talking Mr. Pregel's letter follows: gram. about our responsibility to persons who, The 20/ 40 requirement arbitrarily denies through no fault of their own, are deprived of ENERGY: THE OVERLOOKED SECURrrY ISSUE protection to those who have contributed to their livelihood. We are also talking about (By Boris Pregel) the Social Security System over a long pe­ persons who have contributed to a program, The energy debate has been clouded over riod of time. I am sure that when this re­ many of them for . long periods of time, by many topics regarding fuel sources, en­ quirement was pl.aced into the law its au­ through their own hard-earned dollars and vironmental impacts, the pros and cons of thors felt that it was a logical way of re­ who expect to be protected. nuclear generation and so on. stricting outlays under Social Security by H.R. 4315 is a simple bill, and the idea of Heated discussion of these topics during denying disability benefits to those who had removing this inequity for the disabled ls the current Presidential campaign has tended not in recent years been paying into the not at all new. I would only ask that as the to overlook one paramount issue-the rela- ' June 11, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17837 tlonship of adequate energy supplies to the ea.ting lunch on a. lawn near a. magnificent Father, son and grandson-and sometimes, security of the nation. The concept of nation­ hea.dqua.rters building, no soldier-sweetheart mother, daughter and granddaughter-man al security itself needs now to include energy promenade scene anywhere on the horizon. the 35-year-old plant where a. rebuild fa­ security. Not even a comely auburnette named cility overhauls and upgrades unserviceable In today's world, our security cannot be Shiriley Ramsey can inject a. touch of glamour M48Al, M48A2C and M48A3 tanks into a more measured only in terms of economic wealth into an awesome a.rena of grease, welding potent M48A5 configuration, which will or the balance of weaponry systems. It re­ torches and programmed and unprogra.mmed closely complement the performance ca.­ sides ultimately in the supply of energy cacophony. She ls a modern-day counterpart pabillty of the M60 tank series, also refur­ on which all these other kinds of security of World War ll's "Rosie the Riveter" and the bished here. are based-that ls in terms of the energies first to concede that the daylight hours she The M48's enter armed with the 90-mm required for our production and distribution spends as a mechanic refurbishing a tired gun and leave equipped with the M60's blast­ system and, importantly, those energies on M48 battle tank don't lll&k:e for fascinat­ ing punch of the 105-mm. Additionally, the which our elaborate defense security ls ing res.ding. gas engine of the 48Al ls yanked out and re­ wholly dependent. It matters little how many But Anniston Army Depot may well be the placed with diesel equipment to ma.tch tha.t planes, tanks, ships or missile systems a only place in the world where the Army can of the new tanks the Army uses. In the nation has if it does not have the energy buy a new titan tank-or one tha.t Dixie process, the range of the Al ls increased from to run them. w.orkers say ls surely just as good as new­ 100 miles to 300 miles, cutting back on pit I would like to suggest, therefore, that a for $75,000. And the center ls pouring out 60 stops for refueling. new definition of our national energy policy a month a.t $1.33 a pound, with a bonding Anniston Army Depot and everything it ls urgently required. The first proposition gua.ra.ntee. does ls largely a civilianized operation. Total would be that energy policy is central to se­ Still, chances a.re you wouldn't walk a.cross uniform strength at the depot numbers 67. curity pollcy, both nationally and interna­ the street to visit the depot on a workday. Yet, despite a.n impressive tank turnout, the tionally. A second key consideration is that Just as well. There are 18 miles of barbed depot will close the gap only'slightly against the economics of such an energy policy wire and 42 miles of chain-link fence a.round a Soviet lead in battlefield armor. The Soviets should be considered in the same light as the rolllng 15,204 acres in the Appalachian boast a 4.5 to one edge: about 42,000 tanks the acquisition of military defense systems. foothills of Alabama. Civ1lian guards check vs. a. slim 9,000 in the hands of U.S. armored Just as we do not balk at defense allocations out visitors as if they had the king's jewels forces. of upwards of $100 billion as an essential hidden in the nearest men's room. The current target strength for U.S. tanks, charge on the national budget, so we should Down at the information office, civillan as establiShed by Congress, is 14,400. When be prepared to make comparable allocation publicist Bill Congo ponders how he can re­ this goal ls achieved and if the Soviets stay to securing adequate energy. Conventional port the depot's impressive task load in sal­ at their 42,000 level, the Soviets' numerical economic pricing ls, therefore, no real guide able publicity releases, even though the depot superiority will drop to 2.9 to one, with the to the questions of energy and security. ls the largest single civilian employer in odds still heavily weighted in Moscow's favor. The third and final point ls that of priori­ eastern Alabama, with 4,500 souls with rural This tank-rebuild factory, sitting in the ties. If energy ls central to the security of roots reporting in for duty every day. midst of what was nothing more than woods the nation, then considerations of its policy Newsmen who occasionally come to the a.nd cotton fields at the start of World War priorities must go beyond our conventional gigantic tank-rebuild shed, the center ring of II, ls expected to play an accelerating role in dependence on the market mechanism and the depot's activities, wa!k away also won­ upgrading America's armored power. By late traditional economic forces. Energy security dering how they're going to translate iron­ 1977, the Anniston rebuild center intends in terms of fuels supply, research and devel­ mongering and statistics into exciting par­ to be geared to double its present tank out­ opment and future planning must be given agraphs. put to seven reclaimed tanks per duty day, parity with other measures, both fiscal and "So they do have a capacity to salvage 3¥:z "all with zero mileage and zero age, repre­ political, which are seen to be essential to tanks a day from the scrap pile. Our readers senting a product as good as brand new," in the security of the nation. will just yawn," said one touring reporter. depot parlance. Although the 50-ton Goliaths of the M48 Each tank wlll get the same 2,250 man­ and M60 families-which are swung over­ hours of meticulous attention now being ac­ head by giant cra.nes--create an elephantine corded daily to the 90 to 110 mobile fortresses TANK REBUILD CAPITAL assembly-line safety hazard, the four to five in the plant's processing line. generally minor accidents the tank center In they come, a.n endless chain: "Susie Q," chalks up monthly don't make headlines. "Honey Belle III, "Hell's Hammer" and "Little HON. BILL NICHOLS Bill Congo remembers the depot's last fa­ Orphan Annie." Some a.re burned out and OF ALABAMA tality sometime la.st summer when a motor­ rusted, with fenders and road wheels twisted ist reportedly ignored warnings at the front into grotesque shapes. Others appear un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gate, accelerated through and seconds later, damaged by test or time, with fatal ills Friday, June 11, 1976 died after crashing into a parked tank. And camouflaged by relatively new coats of pa.int the depot has long ago squeezed all the pub­ on sleek, steel carcasses. Mr. NICHOLS. Mr. Speaker, as we de­ licity it could from the presence of five bison In a measure of 56 working days, a.11 will be bate this year's military hardware bill on the grounds, a gift from the Navy for stripped to the ground to the very bolt and in the House and Senate, and particu­ reasons Mr. Congo isn't sure about. reassembled on a production line which ls larly those moneys allocated in the bill Around the place, workers regret that only probably surprassed nowhere in America, for rebuilding our American battle tanks, a handful of Army troops have even heard of from the standpoint of sheer dead weight. Anniston Army Depot, for even being the The "line" itself is both literal and figura­ I found of special interest an article Army's largest ammunition storage facility tive. There ls a line, but its end product is written by Lt. Col. Tom Hamrick ap­ in continental America hasn't served to turn inched forward by heavy overhead cranes, pearing in Army magazine. a spotlight on the installation. Nor in the two of them 60-ton monsters. There is no Anniston Army Depot is proud to be city of Anniston, ten miles away via a heav­ "belt" as in a Ford plant, although the dis­ known as the "Tank Rebuild Capital" ily trafficked, dangerous, two-lane, serpen­ assembly and reassembly technique ls other­ tine road, does the depot find itself a topic wise much the same, as a tank is leap-frogged of the entire free world. The depot em­ in day-to-day conversation. up the line from one crew of workmen to an­ ploys some 4,800 civilian technicians who Tb.ls then ls the story of the Anniston other a. few feet ahead. take pride in rebuilding the Army's M48 Army Depot. It may not seem an important It costs the depot some 2,200 men and battle tanks and this depot takes special one except that the depot's mission might women-ha.If the human strength of the local pride that their skilled technicians can provide the turning point in battle a.t some command-to operate the two lines and also take a wornout, damaged tank and for future date, as a :financially pressed Army to man the adjacent reclamation facilities, a as little as $75,000 rebuild it into a tank finds itself pushed to buy new tanks a. half­ 17-building complex. as good as a new one. million dollars each. The guts of the operation is a. noisy, high­ "There's one helluva lot of patriotism in cellinged coliseum so vast it could host five I found Colonel Hamrick's article to be Alabama and around this depot, and we like football games in simultaneous play. It ls most interesting and I commend it to the to think that we're giving the soldier tanks into this welter that the old tank enters to reading of all Members of this body and he wouldn't otherwise have," boasted a red­ be reborn for combat. The attendant sheds place it in the RECORD. . headed mechanic. a.re designed for support ranging from stor­ Aged and battered tanks, as many as train­ BATTLE TANKS, $1.33 PER POUND age to stenography, and house repair for loads of 40 at a time, are pushed onto the cylinders, turrets, artillery, engines and (By Lt. Col. Tom Hamrick, U.S. Army, depot's 49 miles of rail for total overhaul, Retired) equipping with more powerful guns and a transmissions. No matter how you try to polish it, the tripled operational range, as the individual Elsewhere in the depot, the command's pre­ tank-rebuilding center and all ot sprawling, model requires. Some two months later, re­ dominant civlllan corps is engaged in receiv­ single-story Anniston Army Depot, Ala., looks built from the bottom track up, they roll ing, repairing, cataloging, maintaining and like Dullsvllle from a distance. There are no out again, headed for the world, or maybe storing combat and transport vehicles, weap­ bugles, no fluttering unit standards, no just around the corner to the nearest Na­ ons from rifles to towed artillery, guided columns ot marching troops, no secretaries tional Guard or Army Reserve unit. missiles and strategic materiel-all secured 17838 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1976 in a battery of 43 warehouses spread over two system to evaluate indivi~ual rebuild effici­ Los Angeles, and San Francisco Bay area milUon square feet of red Alabama earth. ency. Since the system was inaugurated, Gen. and other localities. This week I have al­ Before host111ties in Indochina ended for Bergquist claims that defects have decreased ready presented material developed on the American forces, the depot devoted 60 by 50 percent. "This translates," he said, "to percent of its ammo maintenance-and-sup­ a cost-avoidance of $390,000 (a year) by elim­ the George Jackson Brigade in Seattle ply mission to serving troops in that theater inating rework requirements.'' and on the National Socialist Liberation of war. Should an emergency arise, the depot The end product, whether M48 or M60, is Front in Los Angeles. I now call your is ready; closeted in its 1,405 igloos and "essentially the same tank," according to one attention to the Bay Area Research Col­ Stradley magazines are munitions ranging spokesman, "with armor, weight, fire controls lective, support group and publicist for from rockets to missiles and their intricate and artlllery punch.'' Depot officials say some the New World Liberation Front, Sym­ components. of the Army's tank experts agree the convert­ bionese Liberation Army, and other But the command is most proud of its ed 48s are on equal par with the newer 60s. terrorists. tank-rebuild campaign. It believes the Army One-sixth of the depot's personnel a.re is getting more than its money's worth for women-nearly 700-and the coliseum's shop The state's stake in reactionary ideology the $120 million it earmarks annually for the foreman insists that "they can be expected to wlll not allow them to "give in to terrorists." rebuild program. The gargantuan effort is carry their full share of the load, an<;l they For corporations on the other hand, ideology also considered one of the brighter economy carry it well. I get mighty few complaints may be of less importance than the almighty feathers in the cap of the Army's Materiel, from our women." buck. It may be possible to force them to Development and Readiness Command (DAR For the most part, the women are involved bend somewhat to the force of the move­ COM), headquartered in Alexandria, Va., in painting and restocking parts. Some have ment.-Dragon No. 9, June, 1976 Bay Area where other information specialists try to en­ been on the job since the depot did its bit Research Collective courage press a11d TV depot coverage from against Hitler and Mussolini. So S'tates the Bay Area Research Col­ long distance. Despite a safety record which ballons man­ lective-BARC-in the most recent edi­ As the depot's commander, Brig. Gen. Rob­ agement pride, "the rebuild plant is-hell, ert L. Bergquist, sees it, "the words 'Anniston' yes-a dangerous place to work," according tion of its newsletter, Dragon, in analyz­ and •tanks,' while perhaps not synonymous, to foreman Coplin. Overhead cranes are con­ ing a successful extortion campaign by are becoming inseparable. The depot has been stantly ferrying equipment along the twin the terrorist New World Liberation working . . . to earn the distinctiop. of being lines of disassembly-assembly as warning Front-NWLF-against the Bayview 'the tank overhaul center of the free world.' " horns blast out alerts. Hard hats, however, Federal Savings and Loan. Gen. Bergquist thinks the depot has un­ aren't required attire. "If a 15-ton turret fell The Bay Area Research Collective ap­ questionably won that title. One mechanic on your head, a plastic helmet wouldn't keep peared in May 1974, as the organizer of a on the assembly line refers to the general a.s you from getting a bad headache," one work­ "an everywhere guy. He believes in knowing man grinned. rally in support of six Symbionese Liber­ what's going on by at-your-elbow inspec­ Yet worker attention to constant danger ation Army--SLA-"comrades" killed in tions." Gen. Bergquist's force is similarly im­ is mandatory, particularly on the belt lines. a May 17, 1974, Los Angeles gun battle pressed that they have the only general officer Only recently, workers are constantly re­ with police. BARC has described its mis­ in the Army in command of a depot. minded, a mechanic who didn't watch his sion as the building of unity among "the Because he has a command which operates step let an overh~a.d crane lodge an iron aboveground, the underground and the behind barbed wire where visits a.re discour­ monster on his instep. locked down" who hold that "support for aged, Gen. Bergquist puts heavy emphasis on Originally a World War II ordnance de­ guerrilla struggles is a necessary part of playing host once a year to the local country­ pot, the records show that over 1,230,000 tons side. He throws the front gate open and of materiel were handled during wartime, mass revolutionary work." stages what depot officials claim is the Army's with employment peaking at 6,780. Not until As of June 1976, it would appear that most extravagant Armed Forces Day event. 1962 did the plant get into the tank-rebuild BARC is among those who C'onsider the La.st year, flyovers, para.drops, a plethora of business on a major scale, when it won the disruption of the Bicentennial a "neces­ Army exhibits and band music attracted Pentagon's blessing to upgrade the combat sary part of their mass revolutionary 30,000 visitors. prowess of the M48 family. New facilities were work." BARC's newsletter urges their Industry-oriented, Gen. Bergquist repre­ hurriedly installed, and the first finalized ve­ readers to support the July 4 Coalition­ sents a new and growing breed of Army gen-, hicle rolled out of the plnat in March, 1963. J 4C-either in Philadelphia or in one of eral, say his staff. They regard him as "a man The depot, plus nearby Fort McClellan, pro­ who would be completely at home running a. vides the unquestioned financial heartbeat the west coast solidarity demonstrations Chrysler plant for fun and profit.'' The gen­ for the city of Anniston and Calhoun county, in Seattle, San Francisco, Los Angeles, or eral is a cum laude graduate of Providence with a combined population of 105,000. The San Antonio, Tex. College and holds a master's degree in busi­ community was greatly concerned that the A Justice Department press release ness administration from the Wharton School depot might be mothballed or at least dim­ stated that the Attorney General had of Finance and Commerce at the University inished as a source of revenue when the war asked the FBI for a "preliminary 30-day of Pennsylvania. in Vietnam ended. investigation" of the July 4 Coalition. The tank plant is geared to penny-pinching "It hasn't happened, thank God," said an With less than that time period remain­ economy from screws to salaries, and heavy Anniston community leader, "but half the accent is placed on job attendance-gold­ town is waiting for the other shoe to drop. ing until July 4, this move, if true, is bricks are advised they are replaceable, costly We don't mind admitting that half of our far too little and far too late. overhead. local economy is directly related to two big A review of BARC's development will "We tell them all-and I think most of government payrolls.'' give an indication of the threat posed by them believe it-that they're competing with This is the big reason the command con­ both the July 4 Coalition and its civllian industry and if the Army can get the tinually accents what one depot official called supporters. job done cheaper by a civllian plant, the "pure bread-and-butter politics among our Pentagon will damned sure close the tank employees." Still, the absentee statistic at In its first "Support the SLA" leaflet plant here," said Bobby Coplin, chief of the times worries depot officialdom, as with the distributed at the May 1974 rally, BARC vehicle branch of the rebuild shop. beginning of the fishing season. said: "We expect and we get a full day's work But the command 1S nonetheless willing to The spectacle of the police shootout in for a full day's pay," contends Mr. Coplin. "If compare its per capita attendance and total L.A. • • • was a manipulated event. The pur­ we don't, I try to run them off. This is the performance with "Yankee Country" indus­ pose was to intimidate and frighten all who Bible Belt we're in, and a man's word and try-any day you want to pick. dare to resist, all who dare to say "no." As his work are his bond." the support is here, it must be demonstrated. Equal stress is given to salvaging every We should now take the initiative and not ounce of metal which can be reclaimed and TERRORIST SUPPORT: THE BAY merely react to actions of the pigs. • • • used .again on the same tank or its mate. Step They cannot stop our struggle. They cannot by disemboweling step, a team of four to six AREA RESEARCH COLLECTIVE stop our resistance. "Pray for 'the dead, fight mechanics commands each link of the strip like hell for the living."-Mother Jones. line. Then hull, parts, motor poJler are steam cleaned and sandblasted, with the naked steel HON. LARRY McDONALD BARC, which sometimes uses the name tank housing subsequently introduced to the OF GEORGIA Orphans of Amerika, operates from Post assembly line for rebirth, from fan belt to fire IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Office Box 4344, Sather Gate Station, control. Friday, June 11, 1976 Berkeley, Calif. 94704. The BARC collec­ Before it quits the faculty, what looks tive lives at 1418 Northside, Berkeley, every inch a new model from Detroit is waded Mr. through a fording pool to test for leaks and McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, while having moved to that address this year its weaponry is tested on the range by civil­ I was on the west coast recently, my at­ from 750 54th Street, Oakland, Calif. ian gunners. tention was called to the large number 94609. Through it all, production-line managers of revolutionary terrorist organizations Despite the intentionally small size of employ an intricate quality-data. feedback operating on the west coast in Seattle, the collective, probably less than a dozen June 11, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17839 core members, BARC activities in sup­ include the American Indian Move­ what passes for thought in the terrorist pcrt of revolutionary terrorism are both ment-AIM-Native American SOiidarity collectives. Here in summary form are many and varied. BARC reprints and Committee-NASC-New Dawn Collec­ brief descriptions of the Dragon editions: distributes communiques from terrorist tive, the Medical Committee for Human Dragon No. 2 devoted half its space groups; organizes rallies and defense Rights-MCHR-Bay Area Gay Libera­ to trial . and sentencing statements by groups; publishes a newsletter, Dragon; · tion, Network Against Psychiatric convicted SLA members Joe Remiro and and from time to time provides accurate Assault, People's Health Resource Cen­ Russell Little. n noted the Denver trials information on the design and construc­ ter, Prison Health Project and the United of two accused bombers, provided in­ tion of bombs and detonating mecha­ Front for Survival. structions on how to deal with any origi­ nisms. Among those closely linked to BARC in nal communiques from terrorist groups­ BARC's own statement of purpose, dis­ its formative months were Kathleen Ann retype and burn immediately, and tributed soon after their initial rally, Soliah, Josephine Soliah, Bonnie J. printed statements of the NWLF justi­ reads in part: Wilder, James Kilgore, Margaret fying their murder of Popeye Jackson 1. The Bay Area Research Collective formed Turcich, Ann Solish, Andrea L. Behr, and his girlfriend, leader of the United in the spring of 1974 largely as a response Deborah Gausman and Jeffrey Sokolow. Prisoners Union, whom they suspected to the Symbionese Liberation Army and re­ The Soliah sisters, Kilgore and Wilder of being a police informer. actions to it by the police, the media both have disappeared "underground." Dragon No. 3-0ctober 1975-was movement and straight, the left and the pop­ published after the arrests of the SLA ulace. We were aware that the SLA and Of this group, Ann Solish has been more generally armed resistance to the ruling identified as a friend of slain SLA mem­ members. It contained statements from system had support and sympathy from many ber Angela D'Angelis Atwood who worked the Harris' and Yoshimura; com­ people, but that there was little organized with her at the Great Electric Under­ muniques from the Canadian Frente de support. We intended (and have attempted) ground restaurant in San Francisco; the Liberation du Quebec, the Black Libera­ to help fill that gap. We try to give a voice Soliah's are sisters of Steve Soliah, who tion Army-BLA-the George Jackson to popular support and constructive criti­ was arrested September 18, 1975 on Brigade in Washington State, and the cisms of clandestine groups and actions. We charges subsequently dropped of harbor­ NWLF; and a letter from Martin Sostre, also try ta build support by circulating in­ then in prison in New York, who wrote formation by and about these organizations. ing the fugitive Hearst and who was re­ We feel that by opening this dialogue • • • cently acquitted on charges related that "Now is the time to close ranks, we can be of benefit to the aboveground and to a Carmichael, Calif. bank robbery; federate from coast to coast and demon­ clandestine movements. Jeff Sokolow was formerly a Columbia strate through revolutionary and politi­ 2. Our general aim is the demystification/ University SDS activist where he was cal deeds our support for Russ, Joe, and disalienation of "illegal" resistance and of associated with the early Weatherman. the other SLA comrades and the rest of the people who practice it. Our pri­ group, an association that continues by our guerrilla forces." mary • • • tactic has been the printing and way of the Prairie Fire Organizing Com­ The fourth edition concerned the role distribution of written materials • • •. mittee-PFOC. of women in armed struggle with such 3. * • • we see it as essential to and in­ According to BARC, the Soliahs, figures as jailed Puerto Rican terrorist separable from our political activity to try Wilder and Kilgore are "political ·fugi­ Lolita Lebron, the women of the Weather to break the barriers of personal and inter­ Underground and SLA, and admitted personal alienation and mystification. • • • tives" who state: We are proud to be among those fighting bank robber and revolutionary Susan Central to BARC's existence is its sup­ against the U.S. empire. We are proud to Saxe held as examples for emulation. It port of the Symbionese Liberation Army. have uncompromisingly supported people also published a NWLF communique Following the arrest of Patricia Hearst, who have taken up arms against the enemy. claiming the October 30, 1975, bombing Wendy Yoshimura, Emily Harris, and Bill We will continue the struggle no matter at Fort Ord in solidarity with the Puerto Harris, on September 18, 1975, BARC what the personal consequence may be. Rican FALN-Fuerzas Armadas de members within hours had rushed to the Presently, those involved with BARC Liberacion-and the November 1, 1975, walls, bulletin boards, and utility poles "International Day of Solidarity With of Berkeley with a leaflet headed " 'It include Steven Murphy, Andrea Behr, Donald Shearn, Deborah Marcus, the Struggle for an Independent Puerto ain't no big deal, comrades. Long live the Rico" called by the Puerto Rican Social­ guerrilla!' - Teko" - William Harris - Deborah Gausman, Margaret King ist Party and its international allies. which stated: Schutze, Steven Morton Frankuchen and Dragon No. 5-December 1975-pub­ Today, September 18, 1975, members of the , Jeff Sokolow. lished a criticism by Remiro, Little and Symbionese Liberation Army • • • were In November 1975, BARC formed a the Harrises of a "History Will Absolve captured by federal agents. For over a year, Steven Soliah Defense Committee, P.O. Us" pamphlet apparently by the under­ and in Wendy's case longer, these comrades Box 1034, El Cerrito, Calif. 94530, have been successfully living underground. with Nancy Ann Northern, Michael T. ground BARC /SLA group in which the We reaffirm our solidarity with the S.L.A. Bloomenfield and Emily J. Toback taking imprisoned SLA group strongly disagreed and are angered by their capture. active roles. It will be recalled that Ms. with the pamphlet's concept of the SLA's These arrests do not mean the SL.A. is . . . urban guerrilla activities being used to dead. The s.L.A. has spawned new revolu- :roback prov~de~ the a~1b1 that resulte_d build "a Marxist-Leninist Party at some tionary energy since its formation last year; m Steve Soliah s acqmt_tal and that it future date.'' It also printed a NWLF underground guerrilla activity had increased was reported that a perJury charge was statement in which they defined their considerably in scope and mllitancy. We are being considered against her. politics as Marxist-Leninist-Maoist. The in the midst of a protracted revolutionary Since August 1975, the Bay Area Re­ newsletter carried a criticism of the Za­ war. Many revolutionaries will be killed and search Collective has published a 30-page captured, but there are many more of us who mimeographed newsletter Dragon. To pata Unit for its bragging and boasting wlll keep fighting. With the strength of . . . ' . . promises to carry out much more violent our commitment unitv and courage we wlll date eight ed1t1ons have been d1Str1buted, actions than they were capable of per­ combat the state'·s terr~rism. ' with the "press run'' having been in- I, forming and for a major "poliitcal error" Within a week BARC had organized cre~sed from 1,000 to 1,250, and the in detonating a bomb at a Safeway in yet another rally September 27 1975 in pagmg to 46. Oakland which damaged working class suppcrt of the SLA "and all 'receri.tly ~ragon reprin.ts communiques from .a houses. The criticism was signed "Jones" captured comrades." BARC reported in v.ar1e~y of terrorist groups. The first edi­ and it is noted that the fingerprints of Dragon No. 3 October 1975 · t1on mcluded a statement from the Red Weather Underground fugitive Jeff Sponsored b~ Prisone; sup~ort Organiza- Guerrilla Family-RGF-taking credit Jones were reported discovered in a tion, National Lawyers Guild/Prison Task for bombing the offices of the Alcohol, Zapata Unit hideout after their arrests. Force, United Prisoners Union, Prairie Fire Tobacco and Firearms Bureau in San Dragon No. 6-January ·1976-con­ Organizing Committee, and BARC, this rally Francisco; a chronology of the bombings tinued in a similar vein with information made a clear.statement of support for guer- by the New World Liberation Front­ about grand jury investigations into as­ rllla struggles as a necessary part of mass MWLF-which began in May 1974; and pects of the Susan Saxe case, a story revolutionary work. instructions and diagrams on making about the NWLF threats against the San Later, as the trial of Patricia Hearst bombs. Franpisco Board of Supervisors attempt­ progressed in San Francisco, BARC's The nine editions of Dragon provide ing to extort money for certain NWLF­ cosponsors of rallies had expanded to considerable psychological insight into approved purposes, communiques from ·

' 17840 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1976 the George Jackson Brigade concerning We have come to expect powerful, clean ac­ restore the House Committee on Inter­ their two New Year's Eve bombings in tions from the RGF with well-written and nal Security to hold immediate public appropriate communiques. We are pleased hearings on the terrorist threat and pre­ Seattle, and a message from the Zapata that they have begun laying out more of the Unit which included a long quote from theoretical base of their politics. pare remedial legislation for our con- Carlos Marighela's Minimanual of the . sideration. Urban Guerrilla. Wrote in Brigade, "We The Red Guerrilla Family, possibly a have no qualms about bringing dis­ splinter or a sub-group of the Weather criminate violence to the rich." Underground Organization, wrote in its Dragon No. 7-February-March communique on the bombing of the Hew­ CHATTANOOGA EXCHANGE CLUB 1976-articles included commentary on lett-Packard laboratory in Palo Alto: the SLA and Patricia Heart. "It's clear Hewlett-Packard is a multi-national cor­ poration that owns subsidiaries in South HON. MARILYN LLOYD that Patty is dealing fast and furious, Africa, Spain, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, and will say anything to secure her own Malaysia and many other countries. It manu­ OF TENNESSEE freedom. Patricia Hearst is a snitch and factures sophisticated electronic and tech­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES should be regarded as such. Most sig­ nicological equipment, much of it for the Friday, June 11, 1976 nificant was NWLF material listing 20 military, and it makes a lot of components utilities, individuals and corporations as for use in other companies' military con­ Mrs. LLOYD of Tennessee. Mr. Speak­ "scumlords" on a "most wanted" list. tracts. Hewlett-Packard is a major developer er, I would like to express my apprecia­ Said the NWLF communique, "If scum­ of 'smart' weapons • • •. tion for the fine community service of lords fail to move on the just demands The RGF communique gives personal the Exchange Club of Chattanooga. I be­ of their tenants • • • they will be subject details about the company owners, Wil­ lieve their program of presenting to the people's justice." liam Hewlett and David Packard, of the Freedom Shrines for display in schools sort found in standard references and On January 28 and 29, the NWLF and public buildings deserves the rec­ states: ognition of this body. bombed the home and car of two "ac­ The people wlll not accept any more im­ cused" slumlords, followed the next night perialist war, for Vietnam and the economic Each Freedom Shrine is an arrange­ by a bombing of the Pacific Gas & Elec­ crisis taught us that it is always poor and ment of replicas of 28 historical docu­ tric San Geronimo substation as "para­ working people who pay for capitalist war ments beginning with the Mayflower sites of the poor." The bank targeted on • • •. We must turn the hard times around, Compact and ending with the surrender the list for "people's justice", Bayview and deal with it by building a class con­ in the Pacific-World War II. The shrines Federal Savings and Loan, which had scious, antiimperialist and revolutionary also include the Declaration of Inde­ been subjected to separate NWLF bomb­ movement. pendence, the Bill of Rights, and the ings, has capitulated to the revolutionary The style of the RGF communique is Gettysburg Address. terrorist campaign by agreeing to reno­ such that it could have appeared in an The Exchange Club of Chattanooga vate and rent a group of old buildings edition of the Weather Underground's has presented 78 of their Freedom which the bank had purchased to tear Osawatomie with the signature of Jeff Shrines, mostly to public schools, con­ down for a parking lot. That issue also Jones or other WUO Central Committee siderably more than any other Exchange reported the arrests of members of the member on it--or perhaps in presenta­ Club in the country. Zapata Unit on February 17 and 21. tions made to meetings of the Prairie This fine organization has made a Dragon No. 8-Aprll 1976-reported on Fire Organizing Committee. valuable contribution to the education of the arrest of several members of the Clearly there is a pressing and urgent our children and helped make the public George Jackson Brigade in Seattle. A need for immediate investigations by aware of our wonderful American herit­ chronology of bombings by the Red Federal and local law enforcement agen­ age. The Exchange Club of Chattanooga Guerrilla Family, six since its first ap­ cies into the terrorist networks being and Exchange Clubs in other U.S. com­ pearance in March, 1975, appeared W,th constructed in this country. And there is munities deserve our congratulations for a statement of BARC approval: clearly a pressing need for this body to their patriotic spirit.