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Ekxtbdrxxfphilosopenf Virtually Invisible: At-Risk Boys and their Concepts of Self as Beings-in-the-Online-World by Jordan Tinney B. Ed, University of Victoria, 1994 M. Ed., University of Victoria, 1996 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of EKXTBDRXXFPHILOSOPEnf in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction We accept this dissertation as conforming to the required standard Dr. L. K. paxter. Supervisor, /Department of Curriculum and Instruction) Dr. T. Riecken, Department Member, (Department of Curriculum and Instruction) ncis ent Member, (Department of Curriculum and Instruction) ember, (Department of Curriculum and Instruction) Riley, Extdmal Examiner, (Ontario Institute for Studies in Education) © Jordan Tinney, 2002 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, by photocopying or other means with the permission of the author. Supervisor: Dr. L. R. Baxter ABSTRACT As communications technologies flourish, increasing numbers of students are spending inordinate amounts of time in online communities. Often, students who spend excess time online are boys who are experiencing difficulty in school. For many of these boys, their participation in virtual worlds and their use of computers has shown them to be successful learners. However, for a variety of reasons, these boys continue to be disengaged in school and seriously at-risk for failure. This study explores the lives of at-risk boys who spend several hours a day in online worlds. The researcher is a long time participant in virtual worlds and through interviews examines the notions of self in online communities and how these at-risk boys navigate between their lives on and offline. The students’ participation in online forums may provide helpful insights into who they are and how we can best meet their needs in our schools. In addition to an examination of the social formation of self in online worlds, this study mounts a critique of the promotion of an internet “culture” or “community,” In the text- based world of Internet Relay Chat (IRC), many of the foundations of what, constitutes a culture may be absent and researchers may be too quick in accepting such forums as true communities. Exam in^: , Dr. L.R. Baxter, Supervisor, (Department of Curriculum and Instruction) DrrT. Riecken, Department Member, (Department of Curriculum and Instruction) ncis-Pelt t Member, (Department of Curriculum and Instruction) er, (Department of Curriculum and Instruction) al Examiner, (Ontario Institute for Studies in Education) Ill TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE............... V N o t e s t o t h e R e a d e r ...............................................................................................................................................................v P e r s o n a l B a c k g r o u n d .........................................................................................................................................................v i CHAPTER 1: CONTEXT, PROBLEM STATEMENT, JUSTIFICATION AND SIGNIFICANCE... 1 C o n t e x t ............................................................................................................................................................................................1 P r o b l e m St a t e m e n t ..................................................................................................................................................................3 J ustification o f S t u d y ............................................................................................................................................................3 The Impact of Modem Technologies..................................................................................................................3 The Disboys: Disillusioned, Disconnected, and Disengaged........................................................................ 4 Technology and the Disboys............................................................................................................................... 6 Physical Worlds - Virtual Worlds: Multiple Identities...................................................................................8 Observations in School......................................................................................................................................................... 9 S ignificance OF THE S t u d y ..................................................................................................................................................12 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ............»............................».............................................. 16 T h e N a t u r e o f Se l f : C e n t e r e d , D e c e n t e r e d , a n d D is t r ib u t e d ....................................................................16 T h e o r e t ic a l P erspectives o f Se l f ..................................................................................................................................19 Sociological Perspectives of Self..................................................................................................................... 20 Sociological and Philosophical Perspectives of.............................................................................................. Self 22 Discursive Construction of the .................................................................................................................Self 24 Oneself as Another -from Text to Action....................................................................................................................25 Historical, Temporal, Cultural and Moral Considerations of............................................................ Self 28 Decentered and Distributed Self...................................................................................................................... 30 A P l u r a l it y o f L if e -w o r l d s ; A C o h e r e n t L en s f o r t h e S e l f ....................................................................... 32 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY...................................................................».................................... 40 M ethodological Implications ........................................................................................................................................40 T h e H e r m e n e u t ic C ir c l e a n d V ir t u a l C h a l l e n g e s .............................................................................................41 Interpreting t h e h u m a n E x p e r ie n c e ........................................................................................................................... 44 T r u t h a n d E n g a g e m e n t w it h o u r L if e -W o r l d s .................................................................................................... 47 G u id in g P r in c ip l e s f o r V a l id it y ....................................................................................................................................49 M e t h o d o l o g y a s P r o c e s s - O v e r c o m in g C h a l l e n g e s in V ir t u a l W o r l d s ..........................................51 Anonymity and Consent.....................................................................................................................................51 Developing Themes for Living Online.............................................................................................................53 T h e C u l t u r e o f V ir t u a l W o r l d s ...................................................................................................................................55 In t e r v ie w T e c h n iq u e s ...........................................................................................................................................................57 E x t r a c t in g N a r r a t iv e s f r o m In t e r n e t R e l a y C h a t .........................................................................................58 E x t r a c t in g I d e n t it ie s T h r o u g h Interactions ....................................................................................................... 59 B e in g -In -T h e -V ir t u a l -W o r l d : A H e r m e n e u t ic A p p r o a c h ..............................................................................60 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS ............................................................... 61 V ir t u a l C o m m u n it ie s a n d IR C a s a C ity o n l in e ................................................................................................... 61 Definition of Terms............................................................................................................................................. 62 Internet Relay Chat (IRC): Introduction to a City of............................................................................ Bits 64 Explorations of a Virtual Environment............................................................................................................66 Participant Viewpoints on Virtual Culture..................................................................................................................77 D a r r e n - In t e r v ie w w it h o n e o f t h e D is b o y s .........................................................................................................82 O bservations in S c h o o l s ..................................................................................................................................................
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