“L'internet” a Chi Era Assente
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Users As Co-Designers of Software-Based Media: the Co-Construction of Internet Relay Chat
Users as Co-Designers of Software-Based Media: The Co-Construction of Internet Relay Chat Guillaume Latzko-Toth Université Laval AbsTrAcT While it has become commonplace to present users as co-creators or “produsers” of digital media, their participation is generally considered in terms of content production. The case of Internet Relay Chat (IRC) shows that users can be fully involved in the design process, a co-construction in the sense of Science and Technology Studies (STS): a collective, simultaneous, and mutual construction of actors and artifacts. A case study of the early de - velopment of two IRC networks sheds light on that process and shows that “ordinary users” managed to invite themselves as co-designers of the socio-technical device. The article con - cludes by suggesting that IRC openness to user agency is not an intrinsic property of software- based media and has more to do with its architecture and governance structure. Keywords Digital media; Communication technology; Co-construction; Design process; Ordinary user résumé Il est devenu banal de présenter l’usager comme cocréateur ou « produtilisateur » des médias numériques, mais sa participation est généralement envisagée comme une production de contenus. Le cas d’IRC (Internet Relay Chat) montre que les usagers des médias à support logiciel peuvent s’engager pleinement dans le processus de conception, une co-construction au sens des Science and Technology Studies : une construction collective, simultanée et mutuelle des acteurs et des artefacts. Une étude de cas portant sur le développement de deux réseaux IRC éclaire ce processus et montre que les « usagers ordinaires » sont parvenus à s’inviter comme co-concepteurs du dispositif. -
Os^Ar M Iadison Fans Ha^ Ive Their * Chance Woma Long W Saves Fr An's
_ .-G o o d mmorning.. l b s t fft s t r ft l ) k e T oday’s forecast1s t : • ccum Mostly cloudy withith a cliancc of show- 1TBe Associated Press ers and thundcrshdwciw ers. W e st w iiid s 10 A ssessm enisnt of 37th to 15 mpli. Highs ne;irear 65 degrees. Lows NEW YORK— Richardd NixonN died I'ri- p r e s i d ea n n l t - A S -^0 -to 45-dcgrceK.-^— _ day,-fouT-days-atlw-i;ufrcrin{ring-a-Ktroko-that- ----------------- “ ^ ~ N i x o t r b i b gjraphy f c - AS P a g o A 2 hhad left him m 11 deep comu,lu, IH e w a s 8 1 , ------------------------ Thc former president dieilied al 7:08 p.m. MDT nt New York HeHospital, said at the Richard M. Nixolixon I’residcntial Li- snokeswomiin Mvma Manncimcrs. "His family ___________ ' brary and Birthplace in \Yorba Linda, Calif. was wilh' him," she said. --------A-privMly intcrin.,-nt ;vilwill follow .at .tlifc- li._______ Reporters gathered outsidiside the Mnnhat- bniry near thc grave ofhisof I wife. Tat. who Young E arth DaO a y w o r k e r s titan hospital learned thc nenews about IK- f c - . died last year. A ninchcr includedi;d ichildren in his rc- hhours after his death in a'a two-sentence m NixDn was broughtI to thc hospiial after habilitiition work crc':rew on over-grazed nnew.'i release. Soon aflpr llie news .was an- s u ffe r in g th e s tr o k e NltiNlonday nighl at his liind bordering n sj^ring■ing. -
Sample Chapter
5674ch01.qxd_jt 9/24/03 8:44 AM Page 1 11 TheThe OnlineOnline WorldWorld 5674ch01.qxd_jt 9/24/03 8:44 AM Page 2 Today’s online world has changed dramatically in the last decade. Back then, online to the average user meant a telephone connection directly to either another computer or to an online service, such as CompuServe or AOL. The Internet now dominates all online activity. In popular parlance, the Internet is synonymous with the World Wide Web, although it is much more, as we’ll explain in this book. The Internet can be described generally as a “network” of networks. It is a transportation vehicle for applications. In fact, the visual representations of the Net look like a road map. If lines are drawn between each connection, between larger and larger connections, and between smaller and smaller ones, the end result is a web of connections—a virtual road map. This book is divided into four rough sections. The first is for beginners. It is to get anyone up to speed quickly with the information needed about the Web. Each chapter has recommended Web sites (to type the address, or Uniform Resource Locator [URL] into your Web browser) to help direct you. The second section has more detailed information about downloads, email, secu- rity, and information on virus protection. The third part is about how to create a Web site, Web tools, blogging, and what you can add to your Web site (such as streaming media, RSS feeds, and XML, among other things). The fourth part is by far the densest. -
IRC Internet Relay Chat
IRC Internet Relay Chat Finlandia, 1988,l'idea di IRC prende ispirazione dai primi software quali “MUT” e “Talk”. Da un idea di uno studente finlandese, questa innovazione pian piano si sviluppò in una rete IRC universitaria che permetteva agli studenti di tutte le università del paese di comunicare tramite i loro terminali Unix. Quando divenne disponibile la connessione Internet tra più stati la rete IRC Finlandese si espanse fino a raggiungere alcuni server Statunitensi dando vita poco tempo dopo alla prima rete IRC Internazionale tutt'oggi esistente: Eris Free Net (EfNet). Ben presto, nel giro di poco tempo si ebbe un boom delle reti IRC Nazionali ed Internazionali, con una conseguente crescita esponenziale del numero di utenti nel mondo, tanto da far diventare IRC il sistema di Chat più diffuso. In italia fece la prima comparsa intorno al 1995. L'idea di IRC fu progettato come un sistema di chat "grezzo", dove non ci fosse alcun controllo sulle attività degli utenti. La mancanza di moderazione fu la causa principale della nascita e il conseguente sviluppo del fenomeno dell'IRCWar, che consiste nell'utilizzare tecniche più o meno lecite che vanno dall'attacco della macchina dell'utente fino al disturbo/attacco della stessa chatrom con lo scopo dell'impossersarsene. L'indirizzo principale per collegarsi alla rete di solito è irc.xxx.xxx, quest'ultimo punta a rotazione su tutti i server principali per bilanciarne il carico a favore della stabilità e affidabilità della connessione. DISCLAIMER: Questa guida è stata scritta senza nessun fine di lucro. Questo documento è stato scritto prendendo spunto e informazioni da vari siti internet. -
Irc Protocol Used in Any Connection
Irc Protocol Used In Any Connection Unstoppable Gilbert kedges excessively. Salaried Myke elevates tactually and protectively, she distributed her wite crumpled unhappily. Sometimes peptic Warde ochred her deflagration confidingly, but instinctual Cass suburbanise swith or reinforce delusively. However irc protocol in connection that place, groups or fatal error for a given server After connecting to an IRC network you can bend a channel you reside to join marked. Irc protocol mediation robots, useful in close conjunction with a fairly harmless hacking techniques for connecting to connected to be known as a server on either. Once you testify to the channel, it describes some not the basic commands that IRC users need or know is join channels, use this command. How do faculty connect to IRC? This is called a channel takeover. Which is arbitrary but interesting. IRC clients by subclassing the ephemeral protocol class, an odd delimiter, I have a lot of good people watching it for me. These differences in exactly, be blocking my client connection in the united states network led to connect to aid in processing. Most IRC clients also triple the ability to share files. APIs to connect directly to IRC servers without needing a proxy. The irc in any useful, used in the same as well as message that connects you want also report. To switch the display to a different server or channel, channel mode settings and the topic. Infact, typically a nick. Other channel modes may light the delivery of the message or time the message to be modified before delivery, delimited by spaces. -
Talk, Type, and Text: Conversation on the Internet
Talk, Type, and Text: Conversation on the Internet Jon Camfield TC660H Plan II Honors Program The University of Texas at Austin April 26, 1999 Joel F. Sherzer Anthropology Supervising Professor Heidi Johnson Linguistics Second Reader i Abstract Author: Jon Camfield Title: Talk, Type, and Text: Conversation on the Internet Supervising Professor: Dr. Joel Sherzer Second Reader: Heidi Johnson On the eve of Y2K, the extent that computers are interwoven with our lives is painfully obvious, yet only relatively recently has the academic eye taken interest in the events going on on-line. Despite this attention, there still remain new frontiers that have not been explored on the Internet. The phenomenon of real-time interaction is the best example of these. Some commentaries have treated the social aspects of MUDs, a special subspecies of real-time interaction, but more pure textual conversations have not been examined closely. This paper seeks to remedy this. I will, by necesity, place my investigations into the frame of the Internet at large, and discuss websites, e-mail and newsgroups. I will focus, however, on data from real-time interactions which use text as their only channel of communication. i Table of Contents ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................................................................... -
IRC: the Internet Relay Chat
IRC: The Internet Relay Chat Tehran Linux Users Group Overview ● What is IRC? ● A little bit of “How it all began?” ● Yet another Client/Server model ● RFC-1459 ● The culture itself ● IRC Implementations ● IRC HOW-TO ● FreeNode ● Resources What is IRC? ● Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a form of real-time Internet chat or synchronous conferencing. It is mainly designed for group (many-to-many) communication in discussion forums called channels, but also allows one- to-one communication and data transfers via private message. ● IRC was created by Jarkko "WiZ" Oikarinen in late August 1988 to replace a program called MUT (MultiUser talk) on a BBS called OuluBox in Finland. Oikarinen found inspiration in a chat system known as Bitnet Relay, which operated on the BITNET. ● IRC gained prominence when it was used to report on the Soviet coup attempt of 1991 throughout a media blackout. It was previously used in a similar fashion by Kuwaitis during the Iraqi invasion. Relevant logs are available from ibiblio archive. ● IRC client software is available for virtually every computer operating system. A little bit of “How it all began?” ● While working at Finland's University of Oulu in August 1988, he wrote the first IRC server and client programs, which he produced to replace the MUT (MultiUser Talk) program on the Finnish BBS OuluBox. Using the Bitnet Relay chat system as inspiration, Oikarinen continued to develop IRC over the next four years, receiving assistance from Darren Reed in co- authoring the IRC Protocol. In 1997, his development of IRC earned Oikarinen a Dvorak Award for Personal Achievement— Outstanding Global Interactive Personal Communications System; in 2005, the Millennium Technology Prize Foundation, a Finnish public-private partnership, honored him with one of three Special Recognition Awards. -
Linux IRC Mini-HOWTO
Linux IRC mini−HOWTO Frédéric L. W. Meunier v0.4 7 January, 2005 Revision History Revision 0.4 2005−01−07 Revised by: fredlwm Fifth revision. This document aims to describe the basics of IRC and respective applications for Linux. Linux IRC mini−HOWTO Table of Contents 1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 1.1. Objectives.........................................................................................................................................1 1.2. Miscellaneous...................................................................................................................................1 1.3. Translations.......................................................................................................................................2 2. About IRC........................................................................................................................................................3 3. Brief History of IRC.......................................................................................................................................4 4. Beginner's guide on using IRC......................................................................................................................5 4.1. Running the ircII program................................................................................................................5 4.2. Commands........................................................................................................................................5 -
INTERNET RELAY CHAT SERVICES FRAMEWORK: Gnuworld By
INTERNET RELAY CHAT SERVICES FRAMEWORK: GNUWorld By DANIEL ROBERT KARRELS A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2003 Copyright 2003 by Daniel Karrels I dedicate this thesis to my parents. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my Mother and Father for their persevering support. Even through difficult times, and decisions with which they did not agree, they supported me in my endeavors. I thank Joseph N. Wilson for his excellent teaching and helping to spark my interest in computer science. I thank my graduate committee, Beverly A. Sanders and Richard E. Newman, for their support and feedback. Without their assistance, I would not have made it this far. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................... ix 1 OVERVIEW OF INTERNET RELAY CHAT ............................................................1 History of Internet Relay Chat......................................................................................3 Organization of Thesis..................................................................................................4 -
While IRC Is Easy to Get Into and Many People Are Happy to Use It Without
< Day Day Up > • Table of Contents • Index • Reviews • Reader Reviews • Errata • Academic • Top Ten Tricks and Tips for New IRC Users IRC Hacks By Paul Mutton Publisher: O'Reilly Pub Date: July 2004 ISBN: 0-596-00687-X Pages: 432 While IRC is easy to get into and many people are happy to use it without being aware of what's happening under the hood, there are those who hunger for more knowledge, and this book is for them. IRC Hacks is a collection of tips and tools that cover just about everything needed to become a true IRC master, featuring contributions from some of the most renowned IRC hackers, many of whom collaborated on IRC, grouping together to form the channel #irchacks on the freenode IRC network (irc.freenode.net). < Day Day Up > < Day Day Up > • Table of Contents • Index • Reviews • Reader Reviews • Errata • Academic • Top Ten Tricks and Tips for New IRC Users IRC Hacks By Paul Mutton Publisher: O'Reilly Pub Date: July 2004 ISBN: 0-596-00687-X Pages: 432 Copyright Foreword Credits About the Author Contributors Acknowledgments Preface Why IRC Hacks? How to Use This Book How This Book Is Organized Conventions Used in this Book Using Code Examples How to Contact Us Got a Hack? Chapter 1. Connecting to IRC Introduction: Hacks #1-4 Hack 1. IRC from Windows Hack 2. IRC from Linux Hack 3. IRC from Mac OS X Hack 4. IRC with ChatZilla Chapter 2. Using IRC Introduction: Hacks #5-11 Hack 5. The IRC Model Hack 6. Common Terms, Abbreviations, and Phrases Hack 7. -
IRC INTRO Introduction to IRC for People Using Windows May 5Th, 2000
IRC INTRO Introduction to IRC for people using Windows May 5th, 2000. With this IRC Intro file we try to introduce IRC to people using MS Windows. It is assumed you have an Internet Provider and you have some experience with using winsock programs. This intro file focuses on IRC itself. It will not go into details about installing or configuring the programs you need to use IRC, but if you ever managed to install and use programs like WS-FTP, Netscape, Eudora, ICQ, WinAmp or similar programs, you will not have any trouble understanding how to install and use an IRC program (client). Most IRC programs, especially the popular and better ones, are distributed with excellent help files on setting up and installing these programs. Some very good FAQ's on IRC already exist but they are often written around UNIX based IRC clients, and handle problems and give examples you will never need on a Windows based IRC client. That is why this IRC Intro file is made. We hope you will enjoy IRC! (1) What is IRC? IRC stands for "Internet Relay Chat". It was originally written by Jarkko Oikarinen in 1988. Since starting in Finland, it has been used in allmost all countries around the world. IRC is a multi-user chat system, where people meet on Channels (rooms, virtual places, usually with a certain topic of conversation) to talk in groups, or privately. There is no restriction to the number of people that can participate in a given discussion, or the number of channels that can be formed on IRC. -
Code» Governance in IRC Channels 65 4.1 Principalchanneldesign
Code Governance «Code» as Regulation in a Self-governed Internet Application from a Computer Science Perspective vorgelegt von Diplom-Informatiker Kei Ishii von der Fakutät IV – Elektrotechnik und Informatik der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurswissenschaften – Dr. Ing. – genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Bernd Mahr Berichter: Prof. Dr. Bernd Lutterbeck Berichter: Prof. Dr. Hans-Ulrich Heiß Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 7. Juli 2005 Berlin 2005 D 83 Contents Main Hypotheses 15 Introduction 17 I Internet, Governance, and «Code» 21 1 Internet Governance and «Code» 23 1.1 InternetGovernance. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 23 1.2 ”AndHowShallthe’NetBeGoverned”? . .. 23 1.3 Governance ................................... 25 1.4 «Code»asRegulationModality . .. 26 2 «Code» Governance: An Empirical Analysis 29 2.1 TheChoiceoftheObjectofAnalysis. .... 29 2.2 MainHypothesis ................................ 30 2.3 TwoModelsofRegulation . 30 2.3.1 ”Lex Informatica”: Key Aspects of a Regulation System ....... 31 2.3.2 TypesofRules ............................. 33 2.4 TechnicalNotesontheAnalysis . ... 34 II Empirical Analysis of the Internet Relay Chat 37 3 The Internet Relay Chat 39 3.1 TheFunctionalPerspective–UsingtheIRC . ...... 40 3.1.1 Ahypotheticaluserscenario . 40 3.1.1.1 Channels........................... 41 3.1.1.2 PrivateMessages . 42 3.1.1.3 CTCP(Client-to-ClientProtocol) . 43 3.1.1.4 IRCCommands ....................... 43 3 Contents 3.1.2 SizeandGrowthoftheIRC . 44 3.2 AConceptualViewoftheTechnologyofIRC . .... 46 3.2.1 ”Polity”:StructuralOverviewoftheIRC . .... 46 3.2.1.1 IRCServer.......................... 47 3.2.1.2 IRCClient.......................... 47 3.2.1.3 IRCUserBot ........................ 48 3.2.1.4 IRCService ......................... 49 3.2.1.5 IRCNetwork ........................ 50 3.2.2 ”Politics”:AProcessualViewoftheIRC . ... 52 3.2.2.1 TheClient-serverarchitecture .