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Study Material for B.A History Freedom Movement in India Semester - Iii, Academic Year 2020 - 21

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Study Material for B.A History Freedom Movement in India Semester - Iii, Academic Year 2020 - 21 STUDY MATERIAL FOR B.A HISTORY FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN INDIA SEMESTER - III, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020 - 21 UNIT CONTENTS PAGE Nr I ORIGIN OF THE INDIAN NATIONALISM 02 II HOME RULE MOVEMENT 14 III NON-CO-OPERATION MOVEMENT 21 IV CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-DANDI MARCH 29 IV QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT 36 Page 1 of 67 STUDY MATERIAL FOR B.A HISTORY FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN INDIA SEMESTER - III, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020 - 21 UNIT - I ORIGIN OF THE INDIAN NATIONALISM Learning Objectives Students will acquire knowledge about 1. The growth of East India Company’s Rule in India. 2. Origin and growth of nationalism in India. 3. Birth of Indian National Congress. 4. The objectives and methods of Early Nationalist Movement. 5. Leaders of this period. 6. Achievements of moderates. Origin of Indian Nationalism Factors Promoting the Growth of Nationalism in India The following causes are responsible for the origin and growth of nationalism in India. ,e;jpahtpy; tsh;j;jikf;fhd fhuzq;fs;: ,e;jpahtpy; Njrpak; Njhd;wp tsh;r;rp ngw;wjw;fhd fhuzq;fshf gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; $wyhk;. 1. Political Unity For the first time, most of the regions in India were united politically and administratively under a single power (the British rule). It introduced a uniform system of law and government. 1.murpay; xw;Wik: ,e;jpahtpd; gy;NtW gFjpfSk; murpay; mbg;gilapYk; Ml;rpabg;gilapYk; Kjd;Kiwahf xU Filapd;fPo; (gphpl;b\; Ml;rp) nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. xNu rPuhd rl;lKk; muRk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. 2. Development of Communication and Transport The introduction of railways, telegraphs and postal services and the construction of roads and canals facilitated communication among the people. All these brought Indians nearer to each other and provided the facility to organize the national movement on an all India basis. 2. jfty; njhlh;G kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;J tsh;r;rp uapy; ghijfs;> je;jp> mQ;ry; Nritfs; kw;Wk; rhiyfs; fhy;tha;fs; %ykhf Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhy; kf;fspilNa jfty; njhlh;G vspjhfpaJ. ,e;jpah;fs; xUtUf;nfhUth; neUf;fkhapdh;. NkYk; mfpy ,e;jpa mbg;gilapy; Njrpa ,af;fk; Njhd;wTk; ,J toptFj;jJ. 3. English Language and Western Education The English language played an important role in the growth of nationalism in the country. The English educated Indians, who led the national movement developed Indian nationalism and organized it. Western education facilitated the spread of the concepts of liberty, equality, freedom and nationalism and sowed the seeds of nationalism. 3. Mq;fpy nkhopAk; Nkiyehl;Lf; fy;tpAk; ehl;by; Njrpak; tsu Mq;fpy nkhop ngUk; gq;fhw;wpaJ. Mq;fpyk; fw;w Njrpa ,af;fj;ij tsh;j;J jiyik jhq;fp elj;jpr; nrd;wdh;. Nkiy ehl;Lf;fy;tp %yk;> Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk;> tpLjiy> Njrpak; Nghd;w Nkiyehl;L fUj;Jf;fs; ,e;jpahtpy; gutp Njrpak; Njhd;wyhapw;W. Page 2 of 67 STUDY MATERIAL FOR B.A HISTORY FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN INDIA SEMESTER - III, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020 - 21 4. The Role of the Press The Indian Press, both English and vernacular, had also aroused the national consciousness. 4. gj;jphpf;iffspd; gq;F ,e;jpahtpy; ntspahd Mq;fpyk; kw;Wk; ehl;L nkhop gj;jphpf;iffs; Njrpar; rpe;jidiag; gug;gpd. 5. Social and Religious Movements of the Nineteenth Century The leaders of various organizations like the Brahma Samaj, Ramakrishna Mission, Arya Samaj, and Theosophical Society generated a feeling of regard for and pride in the motherland. 5. 19Mk; E}w;whz;L r%f> rka rPh;jpUj;j ,af;fq;fs; gpuk;k rkh[k;> ,uhkfpU\;z ,f;fk;> Mhpa rkh[k;> gpuk;k Qhd rig Nghd;w mikg;Gfs; jha;ehl;bd; ngUikfis kf;fspilNa vLj;Jiuj;J ehl;Lg;gw;W Fwpj;j czh;itj; J}z;bd. 6. Economic Exploitation by the British A good deal of anti-British feeling was created by the economic policy pursued by the British government in India. The English systematically ruined the Indian trade and native industries. Therefore, economic exploitation by the British was one of the most important causes for the rise of Indian nationalism. 6. gphpl;b\hhpd; nghUshjhur; Ruz;ly; ,e;jpahit Ml;rpGhpe;j gphpl;b\hhpd; nghUshjhuf; nfhs;if kf;fspilNa gphpl;b\; vjph;g;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,e;jpa tzpfj;ijAk; ifj;njhopiyAk; Mq;fpNyah; jpl;lkpl;L mopj;jdh;. vdNt> gphpl;b\hhpd; nghUshjhur; Ruz;ly; ,e;jpa Njrpak; Njhd;Wtjw;F Kf;fpakhd fhuzq;fspy; xd;whFk;. 7. Racial Discrimination The Revolt of 1857 created a kind of permanent bitterness and suspicion between the British and the Indians. The English feeling of racial superiority grew. India as a nation and Indians as individuals were subjected to insults, humiliation and contemptuous treatment. 7.,dg;ghFghL 1857 Mk; Mz;L fyfk;; gphpl;b\hUf;Fk; ,e;jpaUf;Fk; ,ilNa jPuhj ntWg;Gzh;itAk;> gu];gu re;Njf czh;itAk; Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jJ. Mq;fpNyahpd; cah;T kdg;ghd;ik NkYk; ngUfpaJ. ,e;jpahTk;> ,e;jpa kf;fSk; gy;NtW mtkhdq;fSf;Fk; xLf;Fjy;fSf;Fk; cl;gLj;jg;gl;ldh;. 8. Administration of Lytton Lord Lytton arranged the Delhi Durbar at a time when the larger part of India was in the grip of famine. He passed the Vernacular Press Act which curbed the liberty of the Indian Press. His Arms Act was a means to prevent the Indians from keeping arms. All these measures created widespread discontent among the Indians. 8. ypl;ldJ eph;thfk; ypl;ld; gpuT> ,e;jpahtpd; ngUk;gFjp gQ;rj;jpdhy; Jd;gj;jpy; Jtz;L fple;jNghJ nly;yp jh;ghiu elj;jpdhh;. ehl;L nkhop nra;jpj;jhs; rl;lj;ijAk; nfhz;Lte;J ,e;jpahtpy; gj;jphpf;if Rje;jpuj;ij xLf;fpdhh;. MAjq;fs; rl;lk; ,e;jpah;fs; MAjq;fs; itj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F jil tpjpj;jJ. ypl;ldpd; ,j;jifa eltbf;iffs; ,e;jpahpilNa ntWg;ig Page 3 of 67 STUDY MATERIAL FOR B.A HISTORY FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN INDIA SEMESTER - III, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020 - 21 Vw;gLj;jpaJ. 9. The Elbert Bill controversy The Elbert Bill was presented in the Central Legislature during the Vice royalty of Lord Ripon. The Bill tried to remove racial inequality between Indian and European judges in courts. This Bill was opposed by the British residents in India. Ultimately the Bill was modified. Thus various factors contributed to the rise of nationalism and the formation of the Indian National Congress. 9. ,y;gh;l; kNrhjh rr;ruT Hpg;gd; gpuG Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; kj;jpa rl;lrigapy; ,y;gh;l; kNrhjh jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ePjpkd;wq;fspy; INuhg;gpa ePjpgjpfSf;Fk; ,e;jpa ePjpgjpfSf;Fk; ,ilNa epytpa ,d NtWghl;il fistjw;fhf ,k;kNrhjh nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. ,e;jpahtpy; tho;e;j gphpl;b\hh; ,jid fLikahf vjph;j;jdh;. ,Wjpapy; ,J jpUk;gg; ngwg;gl;lJ. ,j;jifa gy;NtW fhuzq;fshy; ,e;jpahtpy; Njrpak; Njhd;wpaJ. ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpuRk; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ. Early Political Associations The British Indian Association - 1851 Bengal The Bombay Association - 1852 Dadabhai Naoroji East India Association - 1856 London Madras Native Association - 1852 Poona Sarvojanik - 1870 The Madras Mahajana Saba - 1884 Birth of Indian National Congress (1885) Allan Octavian Hume, a retired civil servant in the British Government took the initiative to form an all-India organization. Thus, the Indian National Congress was founded and its first session was held at Bombay in 1885. W.C. Banerjee was its first president. It was attended by 72 delegates from all over India. Persons attending the session belonged to different religious faiths. They discussed the problems of all the Indians irrespective of their religion, caste, language and regions. Thus Indian National Congress from the start was an all-India secular movement embracing every section of Indian society. The second session was held in Calcutta in 1886 and the third in Madras in 1887. The history of the Indian Movement can be studied in three important phases: I. The phase of moderate nationalism (1885-1905) when the Congress continued to be loyal to the British crown. II. The years 1906-1916 witnessed- Swedish Movement, rise of militant nationalism and the Home Rule Movement. III. The period from 1917 to1947 is known as the Gandhia era. ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; (1885) gphpl;b\; murhq;fj;jpy; gzpahw;wp Xa;Tngw;w Myd; Mf;Nltpad; `pa+k; vd;gth; xu mfpy ,e;jpa mikg;ig Njhw;Wtpf;f Kaw;rpfs; vLj;jhh;. mjd; tpisthf> ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; epWtg;gl;L mjd; Kjy; $l;lk; 1885y; gk;ghapy; eilngw;wJ. lgps;a+.rp. ghdh;[p mjw;F jiyik tfpj;jhh;. ,e;jpah KOtjpYkpUe;J 72 gpujpepjpfs; mjpy; fye;J nfhz;ldh;. ,th;fs; gy;NtW rkag;gphpTfisr; Nrh;e;jth;fs; vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. rka> [hjp> nkhop kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa NtWghLfs; ,d;wp midj;J ,e;jpah;fspd; gpur;rpidfs; Fwpj;J tpthjq;fs; eilngw;wd. vdNt> ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; njhlf;fj;jpypUe;Nj Page 4 of 67 STUDY MATERIAL FOR B.A HISTORY FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN INDIA SEMESTER - III, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020 - 21 ,e;jpa r%fj;jpd; midj;J gphptpdiuAk; cs;slf;fpa rka rhh;gw;w ,af;fkhfNt nray;gl;lJ. fhq;fpurpd; ,uz;lhtJ $l;lk; 1886y; fy;fj;jhtpYk;> %d;whtJ $l;lk; 1887y; nrd;idapYk; eilngw;wJ. ,e;jpa Njrpa ,af;fj;jpd; tuyhw;iw %d;W Kf;fpa epiyfshf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. I. kpjthjp Njrpak; (1885 – 1905) - ,f;fhyj;jpy; fhq;fpu]; gphpl;b\hUf;F tpRthrkhfNt nray;gl;lJ.
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