DOCSLIB.ORG

0 Lxojioxehkim Otphflob GLOSSELYTRODEA 1% CALOSEURODEA B CEICTEME Hacekobibix

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
0 Lxojioxehkim Otphflob GLOSSELYTRODEA 1% CALOSEURODEA B CEICTEME Hacekobibix 0 lXOJIOXEHkIM OTPHflOB GLOSSELYTRODEA 1% CALOSEURODEA B CEICTEME HACEKObIbIX HaceIcoJroe rrao6pairceso co c.ToxeIrHLrarir rro 601za~Teza ICP~I~~HMIT,;I.IHHHLIMJ~ HIZTeBilJITbI\Ill aHTeHHa\lII, T'oJ~oBo~~.H~IIo\IIIH~Io~~~~ rOJIOBy C0Bl)ellleHHbIS Ta- ~~OJOJI~HLIYII nonepewnn xIrnKax, KoTopbIe. no ero ~IHCHIIM, BO~MOXHO, lIpf?)JCTaBJrRMTCJIeJbI OTlIaBIIIlIY BOJIOCI<OB. O6cyl-Ii~aR@II~O~CH~T~I~~CI<~I~ oTHomeHircI Glosselytrodea, R~~~TLIHOBOT- 3teua.n mx CXOACTBO r Orthoptera, OCO~~HHOc rapaHsosbIMI1, a TaIixe c Calone- urodea. OAH~I<O3AeCb lrce OH IIOZICHIIJI, YTO CXOACTBO C CapaHYOBbIhlII CI<Opee BHemHero xapamepa 1.1 06 oTHeccrrlIIr a~oiirpynnLI I; Orthoplera He M0ir;e.r 6b1~b~i pem. IIoa~o~yOH pacclraTprIsan Glosselytrodea KaK caMocTocrTen6- H~IHOTPHA, 6~1~13~11%IE Orthoplera. XITO KacaeTcR CxoAcTBa c Caloneurodca, IcaK OTMesaJI M~~T~IHOB,3BOJII04IIR ircII3KOBaHIIR S Glosselytrodea rromza no ElHOhIY DYTLI, I1 II03TOMY 06he~11~RTbIIX B OJIIH OTPRA OH He HaXOJIIJI B03MOX- HbIM. EonbLUoe YIICJIO OTIIe9aTKOB G1o.iqclyLrodea 6~1~10noaxe H~~;T~HOB HIIX- ~eiinepm ICya~~eqIcoro6acceir~a. O6cyx;racr cocTaB 11 ~11jrore~e~nvecIcl1eCBH- 3H Glosselytrodea, 0. M. Map~br~osa(1961) npIImza K BLIBOJ~,TITO onlIcaH- Hoe P. TIIJI~R~AOM(Tillyard, 1932) 113 HIrxHenepMcKIIx ornoirce~sriiCesep~oii A~ep1rIc1.Icenieiic~~o Permoberothidae, IcoTopoe OH 11 ApyrIie amopbr (Carpen- ter, 1943; MapTbl~osa,1952; Rieli. 1953) oTHocIInrr K o~pzr~yNe~rroplera, B ~~~?CTBIIT~,~~HOCT~~CJIeAYCT paCC1IaTI)IIBaTb ICaK oco6oe C~M~~~CTBOOTpHAa Glosselytrociea, TaI; IcaK Pemnioherothiclae IInremT Te xe OCO~~HIIOCT~rnrinIto- samra. YTO 11 npexcTaBaTenIi Gl~sselytrodra.IIoafezqa~b irce Closselylrodea B orp~qNeuroptera, no nmeHIim M~~T~IHOBO~~(1961, CT~.249), ((AOBOXLHO T~YJ- 110, rrpm~In>taaBO BHri?rlaHIie IIX O~TO~IT~~OIIZI-ILI~Ixapamep)). Gn~r31i11iiIE Glos~elytrodeaOT~RA Calone~lrodea, naxoqm npe+qc~ann~e.xeii t<oToporo II~B~CTH~I113 ~ap6o~a II nepmrn, pacchfaTpirnaaccr npexine A. ra~q- JlItpIIIehf (I-Iandlirsch. 1906, 1919) 11 ApYrIIMII aBTOpahll1 R COCTaBe OTPHpa l'rotorthoptera rcaIE oco6oe ce~leficrso.a noaxe (Handlirsch, 1930) no2 ~TIIM ;.tie HaasarIsrear 6~1xa06ae211~e~a rpynna ce~cfic~~,npzzmmarnrnris K Caloneu- roclea. M~PT~IHOB(1938a) BbrAeJrIIn rpynny Caloneurodea B oco6b1ii o~pzr~, IiTO Cibrno eAITHOAYIIIH0 IIpIiHRTO BCehf1.I IiaJIe03HT01\.10ZOra3.I&I. M~~~T~IHOB ( 1938a, c~p.127) cuIrTaJ1, s~ooTpaa Caloneurodea oTAenIIzccr COT canrbIx 0 IIOJIOHEHHM GLOSSELYTRODEA H CALONEURODEA B CMCTEME HACEKOh'IbIX 85 ~iop~eiicTBona Saltatoria, 11ogo6~oGlosselytrodeau. 3~ofixe pa6ore OH nan pesoHcTpy1;unm Paleuthygramma tenuicorne Marl.- ojaoro 113 neph1CIiIlX npexc~a~nreneii3~oro oTplija. Hace~<onroe11ao6pawe~o co CIi~a~bIBaBIrrII\IIrCR IIJIOCliO XI^ crime IipbIJlbFlSIII (~anenoii cTopoHe OHII 113o6paxe~b1B pacnpao- JeHHO\I COCTORHIIII),C ~JIIIHIILISIII HIJTeBII~HLI~llIaHTeHHa\III, JipyII~01irOJIO- BOILOTHcxIITeJbIIo g.:~ioii nepejHerpyXbm II SIO~H~IAIIIcpejIse- lr 3a~~erpy;[b10, C ~.iJIIHS~I~IhlIITOHKII?ILI HOTaLIII. G~K)IIIKOl13~96~1ddie~0 TOJICTLIAI. CIII?~POO~~~)~~- HLIAI, JIIILUeHHhIhI 1id1<11~-JI11601I1~II~drIiO~ Ha KOIIr[C?. Peerr~rr~Caloneuvodea Ira rcapo'o~aQpa~iuil~r 6~na nLlrro.7HeHa Q. M. Kap- nemepohr (Carpenter, 1961). B 3~of1pa6ore Kapne~~ep,x Y~CTHOCTLI, OThie- saeT, TO X. EOJITOH (J:nlton, 1925) ~LUII~O~III~onIIcaa y Caloneura dan-soni Erongn. npesocTaLibuoenosre. He paC3o6pau, TO y 113y9e~l~oro1111 3~3€!$tnn~pa no ~paii~ezivepc TPIT K~I~TJ~HaaeraIoT OJIIO Ha jpyroe. TI ?I;r;rI;rr;y onnoro a3 I<I)bI.TbeBXeTIiO AIOXHO II~lIIHHTb38 hOCTEl3bTI~K)XIIJII<Y ZjlyTOrO 1;PLIJIB. K Ta- Iiol\ry xe ~b~coqgconepu~e~~o H~~~BIIGII\IO np1rrne;I 11 aI;Top a~oiiCT~T~II, 113~- UIIIB OIIIIC~HHI~J~IGOJTOHO~II 3h3PJIIIJIHp B IiO,rlJIeli~IIII ~~I~T~HCKO~OJIy3eH B 1958 r. BO BpPhIn IT~~~~IB~HIIRB ~oHJoEI~ Ha ?t~eifi~J'~iapo~~~,'"\I 300JIOrM¶eCKOhI KoHrpeccc. Ox~asoy omoro 11.3 ITOBLIS BIT~OBCalonenrodea, rsaiije~~bisB r~r~rnaeirrrepMr1 RIopa~ir~r.resocnouaqIiljv na.xeodErTolronoro-\r fl. Kg~dnonoii, II IIXIeJ B03JIOiKIIUCTb B?I;[eTL HCCOJIEIC'HHOC rlpCIiOCl'dAb1IO~ llO.TC, nOXO;i;C?e Ira TalicBoe Glosielytrodea, HO Sorlee ys~ioe. 3~a.r11~enb~~1iiHOB~I~~ alaTeplraa no Glosielytrodea $1 Calonenrodea, co- 6paHHhTfi aBTOpOJ1 Ha HII;.f;HeIle~SICI<03IJICCTOHaSOifC~eI~IIII 'Ieliapfia Ha YpaJIe, JaeT BOJhIOifiHOCTL xeTajIb130 II3y9IITL He TO3bIiO XKTIKOBaIIIIe IipbIJIbeB, HO II c~poerrrreTeza npegc~a~ri~eneii06011s orpajon. AJIR ~TO~IqemI AonoaHIiTe;rb- HbIe csexeHrrR xaIo.r rI HeIiOTOpLie yxe onrrcambre Glosselytrodea m3 HIIxiHe- rrepMcKIi\: OT:IO>~;~HII~~I~JTJH~L(I~o~o 6accefi~a. Hnxe IrpriBojnTczr orrricaHIIe oTxeabrI6Is c~pgsryp.peIioHCTpyIiqI1R o6iqero o6nri~anp~nc~a~lireneii ~TIIX jsys oTpnjon 11 jaeTccr aa~n~ose~~ie06 11s rronox;e.rrIrn B cIIcTe>le. 0 T P fl GLOSSELYTRODEA BCCI'O HaTaTb C OIIIZCaHIIEI OJHOTO I13 HOBbIS BIIJOB, H~~~J~HHLIXHa MeCTOHa- soxzeHIrrr 'ie~ap.ia, rge HaceKonioe cospaHI1,TocL IIO,THOCT~IO,YTO ~O~BOJIFI~T COCTaBIITb RCIIOe IIpenCTaBJeHIIe 0 BHeILIHellI O~JIIII~~11 OTgeJIbIlbIX ReTaJIFIX cTpoeHIra more npexcTaslITenFi orpaga. CEMEnCTBO GLOSSOPTERID..IE SII-IROV, F.1M. NOV. 2 H a r H o 3. B nepejHenf KpbIJIe npeKocTanbHaa o6aac~brrrnpoI;aa, 6e3 01ioH~yp1r~aIoLqeiiE~IIJ~XII rr c g~yhf~-~pehlRnpoxonbabrmr Ir<nmalzlrr, napan- nenbHbr\irz negejHr3ly tiparo npe~oc~anbaoiioii~ac~~a. Sc ZmiHHaR, OmHmBa- eTcx ;laneso OT mHqa C. R 01ia~ril-1~aeTCRnepez seprnn~ofiI;pLrxa. RS o~so- AIIT OT 11 B ~~oI<cIT~~~;I~Ho~IIOJIOBIIHe KpbIJIa. 3axHRII BeTBb h!A IT IIepeaHRR seTm :l!P + CLLA,C~JIII~ICCH~I nocepejrme r;pma, a I< BepmrHe pacsojxTcx. ~~JHRRBeTBb A1lP$- CuAl BeTBIITCH rpe6e~sa~i,BSIepen, o6pa3ya TpSI-seTLlpf3 ReTBII, 112yq11e K aa;[Heary Kpam spma 11 irblol;la o6paay1oqne Iia IcoEqe 20- 6anos~blcBPTBIT. CuA2 npmraa. Ha some cnerm 113or~y~aIi 3aj~e~y FC~~EO hlIb1,Ta. H CBH3TI C YehI ~~JHII~1;pafi IiPbIAa HC OKOHTJ'peH IiOH~OM3~0fi BeTBlI. C o c T a B, OJIIH poj 113 1111if;~eii11epq111 Ypaaa. C p a n H e H 11 e. O~arr.rae~csiOT 6m131i01-o cealefic~saArchoglossopteridap Gonee ru~rpolioiilrpe~oc~aab~oii 063ac~bm c 6onbm11~1YTICJIO~Z XIIIIJOJ; B ~eii rr 6oxbmliai T~~~cno~r~erneii MA rr ilP + C1z~1111 np~voii ,3ai~11eii BeTBbm CuL&, HP ~KOIJT~~TII~~K)UTC~~~~~;[TITILI~paii Ii]lbIJ;I. 110 xapawepy CuAz cxo:r~n c cehrciic~nohrI'ermobcrothidae. 86 A. r. IIIXPOE POR Glossolaterum Sharov, gen. iiov. T n II o B o ii B 11 - C. martyno-iae sp. nov.; HHrnHm 11ep31b; Ypan l. 2 $1 a H 0 3. RS IIpOSOfiHT CaJI0CTORTe;IbHO OT JJA, COCJIiIIR$ICb c IIOC.Tf?,T- ~efiJJIIrUb ~0~06II0IIepeg~06 XIIJKO~~, 11 He neTBI?TCII. MA BerBIITCII n ocI%oBa- HIiH KpbIJIa Ha TllIT-¶eTblpe IIapaJI.TIeJILHhIe BeTBIi. B I{ ,q o B o 6 c o c T a B. T~ino~oBBI~. Glossopterum lnartynovae Sharov, sp. nov. 1' 0 JI 0 T M II - nL/IH, 1700/1539; IIO~IITITBH~I~~[H H~~~TEBH~I~? OTIIe¶aTICEl- qenoro HaceIcobIoro; Ypan, Ye~ap~a;Icy~rrypc~rrfi xpyc, IT~~H~CI;~\RCBTIT~ ). 0 II II C a H H e (p~rc.1). G~IIH~nepepero xpbr.?a 10 ax, ~arz6onbmacIIIIH- PHHa 3 Ma. SC OIcaHgIiBaeTCII Ha CepeHHHe &?II?HbI IcpbIJIa. ~~AHFI~IBeTBb MA H IIepeAHIIII BeTBb dlp + CUA~IIOsTII IIpFIhIbIe; paCCTORIlI?e IlC'XfiY HIISIIJ J' PIX. 1. Glossopterum martynovac sp. nov.; roxoTrin M 1700/1539. rio\rci~rrl~r- ~OB~HHLI%PZICYHOK c IIO~~ITIIBRO~On ileraTIlcHoro oTnelIaTxa; 9e~apja;1iyi-r- rypcx118 rrpyc, IIpe>IbcIiaH CBHTa IcpaII IipbIJIa IIPIT~JIH~HT~JI~HOTaIcOe me, EaK MeXAy ApYrMhfH COCeAHIibIII XI?Z- Icam, B~IXO,~RIIJIIJIHK sepmme. Pacc~o~~neMelrcAy nonepesHbIIMrn1 sr;IIJIIiaAfn SIIILD~caerIia 6oxbme B~ICOTLImeeIc. reonor~rsec~oe11 reorpa@l~secxoe pacnpocTpaIIeHHe ~CYH~YPCHI~HHpyC; 3ipaJI. M a T e p 1%a JI. Hpo~erojroTIxna, IrareeTcH 1x3 Toro xe hfecToHasoxcneHncI napamn N: 1700/1700 - oTneqaTox qenoro HaceIcoMoro 6e3 roaonw II nepeg- Herpygn. G. martynovae 11~~epece~Tehr, TO Ha omegame xopomo CoxpaHmrIcb ronosa, rpy~~oBIT 6p1oIII~oii oT,qenbI, a TaIcKe Horn. roao~a~anpan~e~a rs111ra ZI HecIionbKo ~aaa~I* HeceT 6onbmzie IcpyrnbIe, BbInyKzIbIe rnaaa. TaIcoe nono- XeHIxe ronosa IfnreeT y Blattodea n Neuroptera, HO 4op~acnoxHbIx raaa 11 Ex OTHOCEITeJIbHbIe pas~epb1y Glosselytrodea IIHbIe, ¶eM y Blattodea, m O¶eHb CXOAH~Ic T~KOB~IJIIINeuroptera. YCTICOBII~H~I~aHTeHHb1, sax;,y~rii Ll,reH1il; ~co~opbrxoTgeneH OT cocegHero rny601<orr nepe~ir,~;~;oii.pacmrl-pea I; 13eprniITxr1 H cyifieH B ocHosaHrIr1. He BcpevaIoTcx cpeAIr Polyneoptera, ~o LtIIiPoliO pacnpocTpaHeHb1 cpe,qII Neuroptera m Megaloptera. HOPOTK~Rce~n006pa3~a~ Po;lonoe ~a3sa111reOT glossa zpeu.- aum IT uteros ,.per.- KPLIJIO. BIT;\ ~a3sarrno cI~a3ran111r0. 31. i\Iap~~~aonoii,~~~ecrueir 60nb1110fi sh~n~B 11~j.r $Hire ItcIionaemIx IIaceKomIx II B YacTHocTz oTprrxa Closselytrodea. P 0 nOJIOHCEHElR GLOSSELYTRODEA R CALONEURODEA B CRCTEME HACEIiOWbIX 87 nepeRHecnmKa HanoMEiHaeT nepeaHecrrnHKy Orthoptera, HO Tarcan lrce nepen- Hecnmsa IIhIeeTca 11 y wHornx Neuroptera. PEI~~IxeT, PacHonomeHRbIe IIO npononbHbIiv1 rr rronepevHbIlzr >KrI;IIianf, a TaKlrce 06pa~n~mq11eK~~IJIO 110 ero I;pamr, He xapasTepr-IbI JJIR Polyneoptera, HO m~po~copaclrpocTpaHeHL1 cpezn Neuroptera 11 HeIiOTOpbIX xpyrnx Oligoneoptera. no cBoe;Lly o611xm10, paalre- pa;\.r II nonomeHEim ~TIZXPT~I y Closselytrodea 1xano~lr~aro~xeTbI Ha KpbIJbRX Hemerohiidac. Ha OjJ-IO31 I13 OTIIe9aTKOB 38JHIIX KpbI.'IbeB Glosselytrodea, ~ar"lje~~oh1B ~Y~H~?IJKO;M6accefi~e 11 OTHeCeHHOM I; pony Eoglosselytrum (M~~T~IHoB~, 1961), aHaJrbIIaR O~JI~CTLo~aaaxacb no;[sep~y~oii Ha nnacT1;rHIcy spbIxa, IIPII- seivr y Tpex ,qpyrrIx a~iaexrnn~po~~~AHLIX IipbIaLeB, onIIcbIBaelILIx B 3~of1xe paijo~e,aHamHaa 06iIaCTb He nojseplryra. MOXHOJI~ CYIITaTb, ¶TO aHambHan o6~1ac~bsa~~~ix 1;pbrnbes no&BopasnBanacb y Glosselytrodea npn CsnapbIBa- HLILI 1<pb~JIbe~?Hasox~e~~ne B PaCIIpaBJIeHHOM COCTORHIIX 3a)JHIIX KpI>IXbeB Tamx npegc~a~~r~enefi.y KOTOP~IX nonBopasnnaHne a~axbrrofi O~JI~CTIIHe BLI~LIB~~TCOI\.IH~HEZ~~ (Blattodea, Orthoptera, Plecoptera) ,- O~~IYHOijoxbmat~ PeAKOCTb.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE ORIGIN and EVOLUTION of HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS [P
    THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS [p. 24] Chapter 3 EVOLUTION OF THE INFRACLASS SCARABAEONES A. P. Rasnitzyn* Dragonflies [order Odonata] and mayflies [order Ephemeroptera], which have retained a primitive thorax structure (absence of a cryptosternum) but are specialized in other respects, occupy the most isolated position in the infraclass. They are similar to each other in a number of characters, but the nature of the latter does not allow drawing a conclusion about any close relationship of the two orders. Indeed, the primitiveness of the structure of the thorax common to both of them, like any symplesiomorphy, is not evidence of a common origin. The adaptations of the larvae of mayflies and dragonflies to an aquatic way of life are different, and they show, rather, an independent transition to development in water. The loss of the ability to fold the wings as well is connected with different processes in them: in mayflies, with the ephemerality of the imago, the function of which is essentially limited to nuptial flight and oviposition; and in dragonflies, with the metamorphosis of the adult insect to an active aerial predator. It is highly probable that mayflies and dragonflies are independent evolutionary branches. The belonging of dragonflies and mayflies to a common trunk of Scarabaeones, that is, the isolation of them from Protoptera as part of a single trunk with the remaining members of the infraclass (except Protoptera), is confirmed by the metamorphosis of the style of the ninth segment in mayfly males into part of the copulatory organ [endophallus], and in dragonfly females into a sheath of the ovipositor.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylum Arthropoda*
    Zootaxa 3703 (1): 017–026 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Correspondence ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FBDB78E3-21AB-46E6-BD4F-A4ADBB940DCC Phylum Arthropoda* ZHI-QIANG ZHANG New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand; [email protected] * In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013). Zootaxa, 3703, 1–82. Abstract The Arthropoda is here estimated to have 1,302,809 described species, including 45,769 fossil species (the diversity of fossil taxa is here underestimated for many taxa of the Arthropoda). The Insecta (1,070,781 species) is the most successful group, and it alone accounts for over 80% of all arthropods. The most successful insect order, Coleoptera (392,415 species), represents over one-third of all species in 39 insect orders. Another major group in Arthropoda is the class Arachnida (114,275 species), which is dominated by the Acari (55,214 mite and tick species) and Araneae (44,863 spider species). Other diverse arthropod groups include Crustacea (73,141 species), Trilobitomorpha (20,906 species) and Myriapoda (12,010 species). Key words: Classification, diversity, Arthropoda Introduction The Arthropoda, with over 1.5 million described species, is the largest animal phylum, and it alone accounts for about 80% of the total number of species in the animal kingdom (Zhang 2011a). In the last volume on animal higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness, 28 chapters by numerous teams of specialists were published on various taxa of the Arthropoda, but there were many gaps to be filled (Zhang 2011b).
    [Show full text]
  • Neuropterida of the Lower Cretaceous of Southern England, with a Study on Fossil and Extant Raphidioptera
    NEUROPTERIDA OF THE LOWER CRETACEOUS OF SOUTHERN ENGLAND, WITH A STUDY ON FOSSIL AND EXTANT RAPHIDIOPTERA A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of PhD in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences 2010 JAMES EDWARD JEPSON SCHOOL OF EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURES.......................................................................................................................8 TABLES......................................................................................................................13 ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................14 LAY ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................15 DECLARATION...........................................................................................................16 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT...........................................................................................17 ABOUT THE AUTHOR.................................................................................................18 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................19 FRONTISPIECE............................................................................................................20 1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................21 1.1. The Project.......................................................................................................21
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of the Insects David Grimaldi and Michael S
    Cambridge University Press 0521821495 - Evolution of the Insects David Grimaldi and Michael S. Engel Index More information INDEX 12S rDNA, 32, 228, 269 Aenetus, 557 91; general, 57; inclusions, 57; menageries 16S rDNA, 32, 60, 237, 249, 269 Aenigmatiinae, 536 in, 56; Mexican, 55; parasitism in, 57; 18S rDNA, 32, 60, 61, 158, 228, 274, 275, 285, Aenne, 489 preservation in, 58; resinite, 55; sub-fossil 304, 307, 335, 360, 366, 369, 395, 399, 402, Aeolothripidae, 284, 285, 286 resin, 57; symbioses in, 303; taphonomy, 468, 475 Aeshnoidea, 187 57 28S rDNA, 32, 158, 278, 402, 468, 475, 522, 526 African rock crawlers (see Ambermantis wozniaki, 259 Mantophasmatodea) Amblycera, 274, 278 A Afroclinocera, 630 Amblyoponini, 446, 490 aardvark, 638 Agaonidae, 573, 616: fossil, 423 Amblypygida, 99, 104, 105: in amber, 104 abdomen: function, 131; structure, 131–136 Agaoninae, 423 Amborella trichopoda, 613, 620 Abies, 410 Agassiz, Alexander, 26 Ameghinoia, 450, 632 Abrocomophagidae, 274 Agathiphaga, 560 Ameletopsidae, 628 Acacia, 283 Agathiphagidae, 561, 562, 567, 630 American Museum of Natural History, 26, 87, acalyptrate Diptera: ecological diversity, 540; Agathis, 76 91 taxonomy, 540 Agelaia, 439 Amesiginae, 630 Acanthocnemidae, 391 ages, using fossils, 37–39; using DNA, 38–40 ametaboly, 331 Acari, 99, 105–107: diversity, 101, fossils, 53, Ageniellini, 435 amino acids: racemization, 61 105–107; in-Cretaceous amber, 105, 106 Aglaspidida, 99 ammonites, 63, 642 Aceraceae, 413 Aglia, 582 Amorphoscelidae, 254, 257 Acerentomoidea, 113 Agrias, 600 Amphientomidae,
    [Show full text]
  • Madygen, Triassic Lagerstätte Number One, Before and After Sharov
    ALAVESIA, 2: 113-124 (2008) ISSN 1887-7419 Madygen, Triassic Lagerstätte number one, before and after Sharov Dmitry E. SHCHERBAKOV Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 123, Moscow 117647, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The insect fauna of the world’s richest Triassic fossil locality, Madygen (Ladinian–Carnian of Kyrgyzstan) is reviewed; other groups of animals and plants recorded from the locality are also listed. The research history, fossil preservation and paleoenvironment of the Madygen Formation are briefly discussed. The site was discovered in 1933, and the better part of fossils was collected from the outcrop richest in insects, Dzhayloucho, during five expeditions headed by Alexander Sharov, who discovered there and described two peculiar gliding reptiles that made Madygen worldwide known. The entomofauna includes 20 orders (including the earliest Hymenoptera and early Diptera) and nearly 100 families. The insect assemblage is numerically dominated by Coleoptera, Blattodea, and Auchenorrhyncha. In Dzhayloucho, subdo- minants are Mecoptera, Orthoptera, and Protorthoptera. The largest insects belong to Titanoptera, the order established by Sharov and the most diverse in Madygen. Amphibiotic insects are rare and represented almost exclusively by adults. In some outcrops phyllopod Kazacharthra are common. The paleoenvironment may be reconstructed as an intermontane river valley in seasonally arid climate, with mineralized oxbow lakes and ephemeral ponds on the floodplain. KEY WORDS: Middle–Late Triassic. Insects. Composition of entomofauna. Paleoenvironment. INTRODUCTION 1966; cited after Dobruskina 1995). According to her ideas The world renown fossil site near the village of Mady- the Madygen Formation contains both Permian and Trias- gen, in foothills of the Turkestan Range (south of Fergana sic strata (cropping out in different areas), and the Permian Valley), Kyrgyzstan has yielded more than twenty thousand Madygen flora was rich in Mesozoic elements.
    [Show full text]
  • Entomology I
    MZO-08 Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Entomology I MZO-08 Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Entomology I Course Development Committee Chair Person Prof. Ashok Sharma Prof. L.R.Gurjar Vice-Chancellor Director (Academic) Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Coordinator and Members Convener SANDEEP HOODA Assistant Professor of Zoology School of Science & Technology Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Members Prof . (Rtd.) Dr. D.P. Jaroli Prof. (Rtd.) Dr. Reena Mathur Professor Emeritus Former Head Department of Zoology Department of Zoology University of Rajasthan, Jaipur University of Rajasthan, Jaipur Prof. (Rtd.) Dr. S.C. Joshi Prof. (Rtd.) Dr. Maheep Bhatnagar Department of Zoology Mohan Lal Sukhadiya University University of Rajasthan, Jaipur Udaipur Prof. (Rtd.) Dr. K.K. Sharma Prof. M.M. Ranga Mahrishi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer Ajmer Dr. Anuradha Singh Dr. Prahlad Dubey Rtd. Lecturer Government College Head Department of Zoology Kota Government College , Kota Dr. Subrat Sharma Dr. Anuradha Dubey Lecturer Deputy Director Government College , Kota School of Science and Technology Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Dr. Subhash Chandra Director (Regional Center) VMOU, Kota Editing and Course Writing Editors Dr. Subhash Chandra SANDEEP HOODA Director ,Regional Center Assistant Professor of Zoology Vardhman Mahaveer Open University ,Kota Vardhman Mahaveer Open University ,Kota Writers: Writer Name Unit No. Writer Name Unit No Ms. Asha Kumari Verma 3,5,8 Dr. Abhishek Rajpurohit 11,13 UGC-NET JRF Department of Assistant Professor Zoology, JNVU, Lachoo Memorial College Jodhpur of Science & Technology,Jodhpur Dr. Neetu Kachhawaha 1,2,4,6,7,12 Dr. Subhash Chandra 14,15 Assistant Professor, Director ,Regional Center Department of Zoology, Vardhman Mahaveer University of Rajasthan ,Jaipur.
    [Show full text]
  • Fossil Perspectives on the Evolution of Insect Diversity
    FOSSIL PERSPECTIVES ON THE EVOLUTION OF INSECT DIVERSITY Thesis submitted by David B Nicholson For examination for the degree of PhD University of York Department of Biology November 2012 1 Abstract A key contribution of palaeontology has been the elucidation of macroevolutionary patterns and processes through deep time, with fossils providing the only direct temporal evidence of how life has responded to a variety of forces. Thus, palaeontology may provide important information on the extinction crisis facing the biosphere today, and its likely consequences. Hexapods (insects and close relatives) comprise over 50% of described species. Explaining why this group dominates terrestrial biodiversity is a major challenge. In this thesis, I present a new dataset of hexapod fossil family ranges compiled from published literature up to the end of 2009. Between four and five hundred families have been added to the hexapod fossil record since previous compilations were published in the early 1990s. Despite this, the broad pattern of described richness through time depicted remains similar, with described richness increasing steadily through geological history and a shift in dominant taxa after the Palaeozoic. However, after detrending, described richness is not well correlated with the earlier datasets, indicating significant changes in shorter term patterns. Corrections for rock record and sampling effort change some of the patterns seen. The time series produced identify several features of the fossil record of insects as likely artefacts, such as high Carboniferous richness, a Cretaceous plateau, and a late Eocene jump in richness. Other features seem more robust, such as a Permian rise and peak, high turnover at the end of the Permian, and a late-Jurassic rise.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    LDL: Bibliography Home Species Catalogue Bibliography Neuropterists Directory Keys Downloads LDL > Bibliography > Introduction Bibliography of the Neuropterida Introduction The Bibliography of the Neuropterida project (BotN or Bibliography below) is an on-going effort to comprehensively catalogue, annotate and provide shared access to the global literature on the insect orders Neuroptera (lacewings, antlions, owlflies and their allies), Megaloptera (fishflies and Dobsonflies), Raphidioptera (snakeflies) and Glosselytrodea— collectively the superorder Neuropterida. As a bibliography, the BotN currently documents and synthesizes data on 13,200+ distinct works spanning more than 1400 years (see Temporal Scope below). As a digital library, the BotN provides links to 10,100+ digital documents (where permissible), representing 5700+ distinct works and 84,800+ unique pages of neuropterid-related text and illustrations. As a literature annotation resouce, the BotN provides 76,900+ annotations in several categories (see Annotations below). For additional information on the scope and development of the BotN see below and the Version History page. Using the Bibliography To quickly access the principal pages of the BotN web site, make a selection from the Bibliography menu bar, which is displayed at the bottom of all BotN pages. The Simple Search and Advanced Search pages provide gateways to all of the detailed content of the Bibliography—including basic citation data, citation notes, links to digital files and citation annotations. For detailed information on the organization, content and presentation of Bibliography pages and data, and for tips on how to most effectively use BotN features, select Help from the Bibliography menu bar, then navigate to the page or page element of interest.
    [Show full text]
  • IMPACT #329 an AUSTRALIAN FOSSIL INSECT BED RESULTING from CATACLYSMIC DESTRUCTION by Andrew A
    “VITAL ARTICLES ON SCIENCE/CREATION” November 2000 IMPACT #329 AN AUSTRALIAN FOSSIL INSECT BED RESULTING FROM CATACLYSMIC DESTRUCTION by Andrew A. Snelling, Ph.D.* Because of the apparent frailty of their bodies, and the ability of many of them to fly, insects are thought of being rarely found as fossils. Any mention of insect fossils though, and most people think of insects spectacularly fossilized in amber.1 However, insect fossils have also been found preserved in fine-grained sedimentary strata, including those associated with sequences of coal beds.2 One world-famous fossil insect bed is that found in the Belmont-Warner’s Bay area of Newcastle, approximately 90 miles (145 km) north of central Sydney, Australia.3 This horizon is about 2 ft. 6 in. (0.75 m) thick, and consists of hard, fine-grained tuffaceous chert. It lies some 70 ft. (20 m) below the bottom of the economically-exploited Fassifern Coal Seam in the upper Newcastle Coal Measures, and thus is conventionally regarded as late Permian at around 250 million years old.4 Outcrops of the fossil insect bed occur for almost two miles (3.2 km) along a ridge. Its lateral extent has never been traced due to housing estates and industrial developments in the surrounding areas, but it is believed to extend at least six miles (9.6 km) in a one mile (1.6 km) wide belt in a general northwest-southeast direction. The fine grain size of the tuffaceous chert bed has facilitated the detailed preservation of even the venation in the prolific insect wings entombed therein.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecology of Paleozoic Terrestrial Arthropods: the Fossil Evidence
    The ecology of Paleozoic terrestrial arthropods: the fossil evidence WILLIAMA. SHEAR Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney , VA 23943 U.S.A. and Department of Entomology, The American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, U.S.A. AND JARMILAKUKALOVA-PECK Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton UniversiQ, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1S 5B6 Received June 15, 1989 SHEAR,W. A., and KUKALOVA-PECK,J. 1990. The ecology of Paleozoic terrestrial arthropods:the fossil evidence. Can. J. Zool. 68: 1807- 1834. The available fossil evidence for the ecology of terrestrial arthropods in the Paleozoic is reviewed and reinterpreted. Some original data are provided, derived mainly from the detailed morphology of mouthparts, genitalia, cuticular vestiture, and body form. Paleozoic chelicerates were more diverse than their modem descendants and were probably dominant ground-level and arboreal predators. Web-building spiders and highly diversified mites appear to have been absent. Paleozoic myriapods include possibly the earliest land animals, and as abundant detritivores, provided a major conduit for primary productivity into higher trophic levels. Paleozoic insects present many difficulties of interpretation, but appear to have been extraordinarily diverse and may have played quite different ecological roles from today's insects, viewed as a whole. It is postulated that herbivory, defined as predation on living plants, may have been rare in early Paleozoic terrestrial ecosystems, and that most primary productivity was funneled through detritivores and decomposers. In the late Paleozoic, the evidence for herbivory by insects, except for feeding on fructifications, is rare. Insects seem to have played a major part as a selective force on plant fructifications.
    [Show full text]
  • Fig. 1. Neadelhus Rotae N. Sp. Dorsal Aspect Ot Holotype. PSYCHE
    Fig. 1. Neadelhus rotae n. sp. Dorsal aspect ot holotype. PSYCHE Vol. 77 June, I97O No. 22 THE NEUROPTERA OF THE BALTIC AMBER. I. ASCALAPHIDAE, NYMPHIDAE, AND PSYCHOPSIDAE 1 BY ELLIS G. VIAcLEOD INTRODUCTION Along with the related Megaloptera and Raphidiodea, fossils representing the Neuroptera (Planipennia) are known from the Permian ot: Russia (Martynova, I962), Au.stralia (Riek, I953), and Kansas? Several o.f these early fossils, such as those of the Palaemerobiidae and Permithonidae, have a decidedly modern aspect anA by the mid-Mesozoic the living families Chrysopidae (Adams, I967), Nymphidae (Adams, I958), and Psychopsidae were already in existence. Other than the Baltic amber, Tertiary deposits have yielded a disappointingly small number of Neuroptera. Among these the Chrysopidae are relatively the most numerous, although in fact they are actually represented by only a small number o ]o.ssils from the Florissant shales of Colorado. and a few additional specimens ]rorn Europe. Both the NIegaloptera and Raphidiodea are known from the Baltic amber (Hagen, I856; Carpenter, I956) from a very limited number of specimens, whereas t'he Neuroptera are much more corn- 1Published with the aid of a grant from the Museum o,f Comparative Zoology at Harvard College and funds from NSF Grant GB-19922 (R. C. Rollins, Principal Investigator, Harvard University). Manuscript received by the editor, July 15, 1970. Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. aThe two insects described as planipennian Neuroptera from the Lower Permian of Kansas by Tillyard (1932, 1937) are now considered as having quite different affinities. One of them, Permobiella perspicua Tillyard, is now recognized as belonging to the Caloneurodea (Martynov, 1938a, 1938b; Carpenter, 1943a) and the other, Permoberotha illosa Tillyard has been assigned to the Glosselytrodea (Martynova, 1962), which is regarded by Carpenter (1964) and Sharov (1966) as closely related to the Neuroptera.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fossil Planipennia - a Review
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Monografien Entomologie Neuroptera Jahr/Year: 1986 Band/Volume: MEN2 Autor(en)/Author(s): Schlüter Thomas Artikel/Article: The Fossil Planipennia - a Review. 103-111 Recent Research in JVeuropterology. - Gepp J., H. Aspöck & H. Hölzel ed., 1986, Graz. The Fossil Planipennia - a Review By Thomas SCHLÜTER, Dar es Salaam Department of Geology, University ABSTRACT Systematics, palaeontology and stratigraphy of the orders of the Neuropteroidea are briefly discussed and previous work is summarized. From different authors 33 families have been established (19 existent and 14 extinct) within the order Planipennia and are presented in a phylogenetic tree which is mainly based on the classification outline of WITHYCOMBE (1924). Many questions on the phylogenetic relationships remain open since only the usefulness of morphologically recognizable characters provides pa- laeontological evidence in a stratigraphie context. 1. THE PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE NEUROPTEROIDEA The Neuropteroidea are doubtlessly the most archaic group of the Holometabola, but up to now it is not clearly evidenced if the 3 recent orders Megaloptera, Raphidioptera and Planipennia (i. e. Neuroptera s. str.) really represent higher categories with a common ancestor, i. e. if they are of monophyletic origin. Phylogenetic interpretations mainly based on morphological characters of the living species have been given by ACHTELIG (1975 and 1981), HENNIG (1969), ASPÖCK et. al. (1980), important former authors are HANDLIRSCH (1906 - 1908), TILLYARD (1926), WITHYCOMBE (1924), CARPENTER (1943 and 1954) and O. MARTYNOVA (1952 and 1962). Generally the Megaloptera, Raphidioptera and Plani- pennia are well accepted as monophyletic groups and treated as orders within the Neuropteroidea, but only a few - often cryptic - characters indicate so.
    [Show full text]