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Substrate Utilization and Respiration in Relation to Growth and Maintenance Inhighe R Plants «}] substrate utilization and respiration in relation to growth and maintenance inhighe r plants F.W.T. PENNING DE VRIES N08201.571 substrate utilization and respiration in relation to growth and maintenance inhighe r plants F.W.T. PENNING DE VRIES SUBSTRATEUTILIZATIO NAN DRESPIRATIO N INRELATIO N TOGROWT HAN DMAINTENANC E INHIGHE RPLANT S F.W.T.Pennin gd eVrie s PROEFSCHRIFT TERVERKRIJGIN GVA ND EGRAA D VANDOCTO RI ND ELANDBOUWWETENSCHAPPEN , OPGEZA GVA ND ERECTO RMAGNIFICUS , PROF.DR.IR.H.A . LENIGER, INHE TOPENBAA RT EVERDEDIGE NO P VRIJDAG 21DECEMBE R 1973DE SNAMIDDAG SO MVIE RUU R IND EAUL AVA ND ELANDBOUWHOGESCHOO LT EWAGENINGE N STbLUNJiJt - I - leerboeken iter plantenfyaiologie beaehrijven p.cvoonlijk bet begrip "fotoajmthete" te eng alt tie venting van koolhydraten uit kooleuur en water ottder invioed van lichl. liet ia beter "fatoeynlheae" ce defi- nieren *U de too van alle ayntheaeproceaeen die onder onvloed van lichc in de groene plant gebeuren, en dan de verachillende onderdeien, te weten de reductieve koolcuuraaaiedlatie, de nitraatreductie en bijbehorende proceaaen, en de ayrtthese van diverae polyeeren, afsoo- derlijk aan te duiden. (dit proefschrift) - 2 - Bijbe t bestuderen van adesrtalinp,va n planten behoort invee l grolerc •ate dan tot nu toe §c«vo«m ia,nadru k tewordc n geleed ophaa r func- tionele karakter. (dit prf^eCachrIft ) - %- De anelheid van haterotrofc groel van een plant of orgaan Van eenvou- dig en noo deatructiaf worden afgeteid uit stttingen van de adrchalinpa- snelheid. (dit proc(achrift) - 4 - Met isnie t aogelijk raasetiva n de belangrijkste landbouwgewaaaen te kveken die hun aasiailaten efficienter benutten voorbioaynthea e dan dehuidig e rassen.He t iawe l xinvol te zoeken naar planten die lagere onderhoudakoetenhebbe n dan debeataand e planten,o f te proberen een verlaplng van dexe kosten tebewerkstelligen . (dit proefechrift) - 5- Voorkandidaatspractic a fysiologiebied the texperimentere nme t simulatiemodellenvaa k groteremogelijkhede nda nhe tdoe nva n proevenme treel eobjecten . - 6- Simulereni sd ebeste ,e ntoc hgoedkop eleidraa dbi jhe tbestudere n vanhe tverloo pva nprocesse nbinne nee nbetrekkelij kafgeslote n geheel,da ti ngrot etrekke nbeken dis . - 7- Veelrekencentr a zijnno gnie tingestel do pklante ndi egee nbelan g stelleni nd ewerkwijz eva nd ecomputer . -8 - Plantendi ezij nopgegroei d inklimaatkamer sbi jee n lichtintensiteit ____ _2 —— .•- — ———• • vanminde rda n30 0W m zijnongeschik tvoo rhe tbepale nva nd ein - tensiteitva nprocesse nonde rveldomstandigheden . - 9- 0md egemotiveerdhei dvoo rhe tverlene ne nontvange nva nsteu naa n armelande nt ebevorderen ,i she tnoodzakelij k degeestelijk eafstan d tussenhulpverlenend ee nhulpontvangend egroepe nt everkleinen .Hier - toekunne nhe tuitwissele nva npersone ne nhe tmogelij kmake nva n informatieve,goedkop ereize nbelangrij kbijdragen . - 10- Leidinggevendpersonee li sal senzym-eiwi ti nee nlevend eeel :beid e zijnduu ro mt evorme ne nt eonderhouden ,he taanpassingsvermoge nva n deeenhei dwaarto ez ebehore ni smed eafhankelij kva nhu n"turnover" , enwannee rd egroe istilstaa tleid topeenhopin gva ninactiev eelemen - tento tverstarrin ge nsteed sslechte rfunctioneren . F.W.T.Pennin gd eVrie s Wageningen,2 1decembe r197 3 BEKNOPTESAMENVATTIN GVA NDI TPROEFSCHRIF T Debetekeni s enregulerin gva nademhalingsprocesse ni n planten zijnbestudeer d omvas t testelle nhoevee lva nd ekool - stofdi edoo r fotosynthese isvastgeieg ddoo rademhalin gwee r verloren gaat.He tgrootst edee lva nd eadenihalin gva nveldge - wasseni she t gevolgva ngroeiprocessen .O p theoretische gronden zijnverbande n tussengroei ,substraatgebrui ke nadem ­ halingnauwkeuri gberekend .Experimentee l zijndez e ookbeves - tigd.Ee nande rdee lva nd eademhalin gword tveroorzaak t door onderhoudsprocessen diecelle n intacthouden .Dez e zijnno g weinigonderzocht .Daardoo ri soo kd egroott eva nd eonderhouds - ademhalingno gnie tprecie sbekend .We ii see ninzich t verkregen ind eprocesse n diehierbi jee nro lspelen . CURRICULUMVITA E De auteuri sgebore no p2 6maar t 1946 inNijmegen .I n 1963 behaaldehi jdaa rhe tH.B.S.- B diplomaaa nhe tDominicu sCollege , enbego ndaarn ame td eBiologie-studi e aand eKatholiek eUniver - siteit.He thoofdva kplantenfysiologi e is inWageninge nbewerk t onder leidingva ndr.ir .J.F .Bierhuizen .I nmaar t 1969legd ehi j hetdoctoraa lexame na fe ni napri lva nda tjaa r stelded eLand - bouwhogeschoolhe maa nal swetenschappelij kmedewerke rbi jd e AfdelingTheoretisch eTeeltkunde .Hie rwerk thi jme eaa nhe tver - beterene nuitbouwe nva nsimulatiemodelle n overgewasgroei .He t proefschrift overd ebetekeni sva nd eademhalin gva nplante ni s bewerkt onder leidingva nprof.dr.ir .C.T .d eWit ,hoogleraa r ind eTheoretisch e Teeltkunde aand eLandbouwhogeschoo le n prof.dr.A.H .Stouthamer ,hoogleraa r ind eMicrobiologi c aan deVrij eUniversitei t teAmsterdam .D eproeve nbi jdez eonder - zoekingen genomen,zij nuitgevoer d innauw e samenwerkingme t hetInstituu t voorBiologisc h enScheikundi g Onderzoekva n Landbouwgewassen teWageningen . Thisthesi scomprises : 1.A generalINTRODUCTIO N and SUMMARY inENGLIS H (7pages ) 2.Ee nalgemen eINLEIDIN G enSAMENVATTIN G inhe t NEDERLANDS (7bladzijden ) and threepapers : 3.PRODUCTS ,REQUIREMENT SAN DEFFICIENC Y OFBIOSYNTHESIS , A QUANTITATIVEAPPROACH .Journa lo fTheoretica l Biology, 1974(i npress ) (51pages ) 4.US E OFASSIMILATE S INHIGHE RPLANTS .In :Photosynthesi s andproductivit y indifferen tenvironments .Ed . J.P.Cooper ,Cambridg eUniversit yPress ,197 4(i npress ) (29pages ) 5.TH ECOS TO FMAINTENANC EPROCESSE S INPLAN TCELL S Annalso fBotany , 1974 (inpress ) (38pages ) F.W.T.Pennin gd eVrie s October 1973 SUBSTRATEUTILIZATIO NAN DRESPIRATIO N INRELATIO N TOGROWT HAN DMAINTENANC E INHIGHE RPLANT S FiW.T.Pennin gd eVrie s Departmento fTheoretica lProductio nEcolog y .Agricultura lUniversity ,Wageninge n TheNetherland s Thispape rcontain sa summar y of thereference s3 ,4 an d5 . - 1- Introduction Therecen tdevelopmen t of simulation techniques tostud y growtho f fieldcrop sactualize d thequestio nho wmuc ho fth ecarbo n fixedb yphoto ­ synthesis gets lostb y respiratory processes (1).A coheren tpictur e can hardlyb e constructed fromliteratur edat ao ncarbo ndioxid e production andoxyge nconsumptio n ofdifferen t organs invariou s conditions,an d certainlynon etha tallow sextrapolatio n toothe r situations.Thi s study tries toanswe r thisquestio nb y theinvestigatio n ofth esignificanc ean d regulation ofrespirator yprocesse s inplants .Althoug h thisproble mi s focussed tohighe rplant s iti so fa muc hbroade rnature . Five groupso fprocesse swer e recognized inwhic h carbondioxid e evolutionan d oxygenuptak ear e involved: 1.Processe srelate d toth ebiochemica lconversio no f substrate intoth e compounds found inorganisms ,o rshortly :growt hprocesses .Th ecentra l question isho wman y gramso f carbondioxid e areproduce d andho wman y gramso foxyge nar econsume d if 1.0 gramo fglucos e isconverte d into biomass.Th e questionho wman y gramso fbiomas sar e formed simultaneously isclosel yrelated ,bu t theanswe r toth esecon d questiondoe sno t follow from theanswe r toth e firstbecaus eals owate r isinvolved . 2.Processe srelate d tomaintenanc e ofalread y existing cells and their structures.Energ y for theseprocesse s isprovide db yrespiration .Fro m respirationmeasurement s itappear s that theintensit yo fmaintenanc e processes inplant s islo wcompare d toanimal s andmicro-organisms . Inman y situations,however ,thes eprocesse s doconsum e animportan t fractiono fth eassimilates . 3.Processe s related toactiv e transporto forgani ccompound s across cell membranes and inphloe mvessels .Nearl y allsubstrat e forgrowt hi s transportedbecaus e substrateproductio n usually doesno t occuri n growingcells .Watertranspor ti sa passiv eprocess ,whic h active regulationrequire sver y littlerespirator y energy. 4.Processe swithou tuseful l outcome.A considerabl e fractiono f thecarbo n dioxideevolutio n inplant sha softe nbee nascribe d to"uncouple d respiration":a proces swithou t any (known)use .I ti spressuppose d for this study that theseprocesse s areunimportant ,an d thisi s demonstrated ina fewcases .T odecid e that theseprocesse s areals o absent inothe r conditions,simultaneou smeasurement s are lackingo f rateso frespiration ,protei n turnoveran d ionfluxe s acrossmembranes . - 2- 5.Photorespiration .Th ecalculatio n ofcarbo ndioxid e assimilationo fa canopy isusuall ybase d onth ecarbo ndioxid e assimilation light respons curveo fa singl e leafi nsimila rconditions .A possibl edecreas eo fth e rateo fassimilatio ndu et ophotorespiratio ni salread y includedi n thiscurve ,an dphotorespiratio ni sno timportan tan ylonge r forsuc h calculations.Becaus ei ngenera lphotosynthesizin g cellsd ono tgro w andnon eo rlittl ephotosynthesi s occursi ngrowin g cells,photorespiratio n doesno tcontribut e toformatio no fan yothe rproduc t thansugar san d aminoacids ,whic h amounti sknow nalready . Theenerg y consumptioni nothe r activeprocesse s inplant si s negligible. Inthi swa yth einitia lproble mi srestricte d andclarifie d considerably It isno wver y similar totha to fproduction-microbiologists ,bu ti sstil l newfo rman yplan tphysiologists . Methods Todetermin e theamoun to fbiomas s formed froma certai n amounto f substratean dth econcomitan trespiration ,th e"reactio nequation "o fth e biochemical conversionsma yb ecalculated .Fo rexample ,i flysin ei sth e endproduc tan dglucos ean dammoni asubstrates ,handbook
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