WINTER 1967

A ROUSE COMPANY PUBLICATION W INTER 1967

In this issue Page 3 / Wilde Lake’s timing proved perfect. Construction of dam completed in less than three months. Wilde Lake and lake (see photo, left) nearly filled to capacity

Page 6 / Symphony pavilion named to honor Mrs. Merriweather Post. Dedication date planned for July, 1967, with Van Cliburn as guest soloist

Page 7 / Giant Foods, others leasing at fast pace.The Village of Wilde Lake’s shopping-center construction begins, leases are signed

Page 8 / Building construction news. Garden and midrise apartments, exhibition building, general industrial building, and all-weather pool now in the building stage

Page 10 / Things are happening in the Howard County school system. Interview with the Board of Education

Page 12 / Consultants recommend new school programs.A review of the Alexander-Anderson report A on Guide to Schools in Howard County

Pages 14 & 15 / News briefs. Golf pro selected for Hobbit’s Glen TV reception in Columbia surveyed and found adequate Columbia’s first post office opened Utility installations under way

ColumbiaArchives.org Water is gushing through sluice gate at downstream side of Wilde Lake dam. To the southeast, riprap has been mixed with concrete to maintain the embankment.

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Volume 1 Number 4 A quarterly published by , The Village of Cross Keys, , Maryland 21210. Please send notification of change of address to the attention of the Information Department. The Columbia quarterly is available upon request

ColumbiaArchives.org ■3 Two man-made lakes completed Unique planning, simple design enhance Wilde Lake dam In June of 1966, the site for Wilde Lake was a low-lying vale covered with rough grass and a few trees. The 22 acres of land set aside for Columbia’s first lake had from time immemorial been a stream bed, although never marshy. The tiny stream emanated from the drainage for 1,280 acres of ground, plus a number of subterranean springs, northwest of the lakesite where the Bryant Woods neighborhood center will stand. Until July 26 of that past hot and notoriously rainfree summer, one could have driven the Columbia construction roads and not have received the slightest indication that part of the stream valley was about to be transformed into a lake. But less than three months later, with the completion of Wilde Lake’s dam, a lake had been created. The dam, a massive, concrete gravity structure, was constructed across a tributary one-half mile upstream from where it flows into the Little . Chief engineering consultant was Jerome B. Wolff, with Robert B. Balter & Associates in charge of soil engineering. Tippetts - Abbett - McCarthy - Stratton Summer night construction work on Wilde Lake dam (TAMS), New York-based architects and engineers, were called upon to assist in the designing of the structure. The result was a 200-foot-wide, 27-foot-high, 4,600-cubic-yard concrete gravity dam with a 32-foot-thick base. Because of the long drought, stream flow was extraordinarily low. This allowed the downstream passage of water to be accomplished across the damsite by merely passing it through a temporary four-foot diameter pipe, thereby circumventing the usual and more costly method of excavating a temporary diversion channel around the site. Construction then proceeded at an accelerated pace, night and day, seven days a week, in the anticipation of fall rains. The decision to work on a crash basis later proved prophetically prudent: exceptionally intense rainfalls began shortly after completion of the last pour. Vernon Robbins, of The Rouse Company, supervised the making of the 46 separate pours needed to complete the dam. R. Yilmaz Kuranel, of TAMS, was on the project site during the entire construction period to advise and inspect.Wilde Lake dam upon completion last fall

ColumbiaArchives.org On October 21, with completion of the last pour, the dam began to impound water and Wilde Lake became a reality. In planning the lake bottom, the engineers decided to make use of the rich clay found nearby rather than lining the surface with the customary grout curtain. The impervious clay blanket, which eliminates seepage under the dam and below-surface erosion, is ten feet in depth at the upstream dam face tapering 350 feet upstream to a two-foot thickness. Eight-foot-wide riprap stabilizes the stream bed and bank at the dam outlet. As water enters the extreme upper regions of the lake its flow is slowed by a 25-foot-deep silting basin. This is upstream of the clay bottom and causes most suspended matter to sediment out. A discharge penstock, or sluice gate, of two-inch-diameter cast-iron pipe, is embedded in the dam to control the water level of the lake. As water flows over the dam or through the sluice gate and downstream, its kinetic energy is dissipated in a stilling basin on the downstream side. Northwest section of Wilde Lake before construction had started. In the distance (left) This stilling basin is to prevent is the restored Keller barn; an old horse shed (right) has been restored and will be a downstream erosion. boathouse. Nearby is Columbia’s first (temporary) Post Office. Unique design As one rides or walks up Oakland Mill Road approaching Wilde Lake and the downstream side of the dam, the face — made up of four steps — has a textured, tactile value. When the five-foot lifts of concrete were poured in place, the forms were lined in a concave fashion with five-foot-long slabs of bark cut from logs of indigenous trees removed from the lake bed. Before nailing the vertical slabs in the forms, the bark was sprayed with oil Preparation for pour in midsection Sluice placed early in construction to facilitate their removal upon the hardening of the concrete. The concept of Morton Hoppenfeld, chief planner for the new of Columbia, the textured finish is the more striking because of the use of a light, buff-colored concrete. Also designed by Hoppenfeld is an adjustable fountain at the center of the dam. Three spigots have been placed in the concrete on the first three tiers on the downstream side of the dam. Controlled by a pumphouse on the north side, they will shoot water vertically up and over the face of the dam. Wilde Lake’s spillage converts into a stream which flows eastward approximately one-half mile and into Columbia’s downtown lake, also completed last fall. Work road, later dredged, in use during construction of downtown lake

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Downtown lake for boating and beauty A mile and one half south of Route 108was driven at the downstream end to form later use, and 70,000 cubic yards of rich and just west of the Columbia Pike a spillway dike. topsoil was stockpiled in three mounds to existed, until last fall, a natural flood plain During the excavation work last be used for landscaping throughout of the Little Patuxent River. Lying 300 summer, a temporary work road was located Columbia. feet above sea level (Wilde Lake, when toward the center of the 32-acre lakesite As the lake neared completion in October, filled to capacity, is 335 feet above sea in order to drive the earth-moving equipment riprap (stones weighing between 50 level), the basin was a perfect site for a (bulldozers, scrapers, trucks) from and 150 pounds) was placed along the lake on the western edge of downtownone side of the lake to the other. Two shore line not only to prevent erosion but Columbia. Engineers Consoer, Townsendislands were made, one to preserve fouralso to give the lake a neat appearance. pin oak trees. The work road was removed with a drag & Associates, retained by The Rouse line, and the lake is now filling up to Company, drew up plans for a grading reach capacity early in the spring. operation to occur in conjunction with Before the excavation of the downtown lake, The Gilbane Building Company of building of Wilde Lake dam. After an a grove of deciduous trees existed on theProvidence, Rhode Island, was the general excavation of five feet a natural gravelsite. Those worthy of saving were contractor for the work on both Wilde bottom was discovered, and sheetpiling transplanted in another area of Columbia forLake and the downtown lake.

The 32-acre lake for downtown Columbia has a wooden pier plus ramp for launching boats and canoes

ColumbiaArchives.org 6 Symphony pavilion named to honor Mrs. Merriweather Post; exciting season scheduled Onstage at Constitution Hall was the right, the fan-shaped seating area will on the acoustical renovation of the New mid-November setting for the unveilinghave two lengthwise aisles and continentalYork State Theater at Lincoln Center for of the revised model of the Merriweather seating. A 35,000-square-foot roof the Opera Company and Post Pavilion of Music. Along with herwill overhang the stage and seating area, the Delacorte Theater for the New York fellow directors, Mrs. Merriweather Post, and will be constructed of exposed steel. Shakespeare Festival, Jaffe is also working vice president of the Washington NationalThe 40- by 60-foot stage will be as musical consultant on the summer Symphony, had her first glimpse of the surrounded by an acoustical shell hung fromhome of the Cleveland Orchestra. model for Columbia’s summer festival of the ceiling and adjustable so that the Gala concert slated for dedication house can be tuned for each performance. music. Two months prior to the meeting Howard Mitchell will conduct the Also included in the Merriweather Post in Washington, James W. Rouse’s National Symphony opening night, July 14, Pavilion is an orchestra pit large enough proposal for naming the pavilion in honor of 1967, with Van Cliburn as guest soloist. for 80 musicians, wing space which can Mrs. Post had been accepted by her and Four weekends of National Symphony accommodate ballet or musical comedy, the National Symphony. Said Rouse: concerts, each Friday, Saturday, and Sunday, dressing rooms, and offices. The structural “Like so many others, we have been ending August 8, are scheduled. engineers are Garfinkel & Marenberg. deeply impressed by the magnitude and Other attractions will be added later. effectiveness of Mrs. Post’s creative Acoustical specialist at work on pavilionLocated equidistant between both the support of the Washington National The acoustical panels and clouds are being Washington and Baltimore beltways, ten Symphony. We at Columbia believe that it designed by Christopher Jaffe & Associates miles from each, the pavilion in Columbia would be most appropriate to recognize of New Haven, Connecticut. Jaffe will have a potential audience from both in permanent form what she has done and has been responsible for the acoustical large enough to insure a successful is continuing to do for the art of music design of over 40 full stage-concert summer music season. Parking space for by naming the amphitheater the enclosures for North America’s leading 2,500 cars will be provided for the Merriweather Post Pavilion of Music.” symphony orchestras. Currently at workMerriweather Post Pavilion grounds. Mrs. Post, music lover and philanthropist, has personally contributed over $2 million to concerts and other activities of the Washington National Symphony. She has served on its Board of Directors since 1942.

Plans revised to permit superior sound quality In the conceptual stage, the Washington National Symphony thought of a canvas tent-structure to house their summer pavilion in ColumbiaColumbia ( Quarterly, Winter 1966). However, to permit a longer season and to eliminate the need for amplification, the Symphony requestedMrs. Post, Mr. Rouse view model slides Floor plan shows seating arrangement a revision of the original plans. The idea of a provisional cover of fabric was too limited; therefore, the Merriweather Post Pavilion has been designed with a hard-top roof. Located on a ten-acre wooded site just south of downtown and west of Columbia’s proposed college site, the pavilion will seat over 3,000 people. An additional 4,000 people will be able to enjoy concerts outdoors on the perimeter of the pavilion. Architects Gehry, Walsh & O’Malley have designed the steel and wood concert hall to have a total volume of 1 million cubic feet excluding backstage. Shown in the floor plan above, Rendering of Merriweather Post Pavilion, located on pleasant wooded site

ColumbiaArchives.org Giant Foods first to rent shopping-center space; others leasing at fast pace as Wilde Lake village center’s construction begins Ground has been broken for Columbia’s , plus an adjacent village first village retail center. To serve three hall. Architects Gehry, Walsh & O'Malley neighborhoods in The Village of Wilde are designing the store fronts and the Lake and adjacent areas, the shopping, graphics for the shopping area. recreation, and community center is Other signed leases are for a drugstore, located north of Little Patuxent Parkwayto be operated by William Jackson of just west of downtown (seeColumbia Howard County and the present manager Quarterly, Spring 1966). Plans call for of the Atholton Pharmacy there; a cheese opening in the spring. Giant Foods, shop a to be 1,308 square feet and to be chain supermarket with 77 stores in the run by Robert Nelson of the Cross Keys Baltimore-Washington area, has leased Cheese Shop in Baltimore; and a beauty a 20,400-square-foot building to be and barber shop to be operated by two directly behind the shopping plaza shown Howard County residents, Richard K. in the rendering below. It will have a Williams and Anthony J. Tringali. Other mezzanine level containing the building’sstores will include a gift shop; a book, mechanical equipment. The building will card, and candy store; a dry-cleaning be of a brick facade with a tile roof, in establishment; hardware, liquor, and keeping with the architecture of the photography stores; plus a shoe-repair shop, over-all village center. a restaurant, and a bank. Fountain sculpture for the village square Cohen, Haft & Associates, of Silver Also in the leasing stage is office space plaza was designed by Pierre du Fayet. Spring, Maryland, the architects of the of 18,000 square feet. Located on the The three-figure symbol of family love Giant Foods store, are also designing the second story of the shopping center, thewas made out of concrete poured over a rest of the 50,000-square-foot, two-storyoffices will be air conditioned. metal-mesh form, with a troweling technique applied by the sculptor as the concrete hardened. The yellow-ochre figure stands81/2 feet from the ground, and will spray a flat jet of water over one side. Landscaped plaza The village green shopping center, which will consist of two buildings connected by an arcade, is grouped on a two-acre plaza designed by Architects Cope, Linder, Walmsley of . To contain fountains, goldfish ponds, a living Christmas tree, and kiosks, the plaza’s surface will be paved. Made up of scored concrete, brick pavers, and stabilized gravel that has been mixed, rolled, and compacted in place, it is a surface used in San Francisco but new to this area. Developed by The Gilbane Building Company for Columbia, the first samples were tested last summer in the restored Keller barn on the edge of Wilde Lake. Village-center schools Planned for the village center, close to the shopping center, are the Wilde Lake Village’s junior and senior high schools (elementary schools and child-care centers will be within each of the three neighborhoods). The center also will contain a village hall, a large swimming pool, and church buildings. The last will be used by several congregations on a Village of Wilde Lake’s shopping plaza. Fountain will be centrally located shared-facilities basis.

ColumbiaArchives.org 8- Columbia construction starts Exhibition and industrial buildings, apartments and recreation Design of exhibition building completed; Second building designed for temporary exhibit opened Oakland Ridge industrial area Early in the spring construction is expected to start on the General Industrial Building, shown in rendering at right. It will occupy a 21/2-acre site in the 190-acre Oakland Ridge industrial area. Designed by Cochran, Stephenson & Donkervoet, Baltimore architects, the building will be one of a series in the industrial area located to the southeast of Red Branch Road. Exhibition building, located on the western shore of downtown lake Dubbed an “incubator,” or “seed” building, the bays are of a flexible nature The exhibition-orientation building forand tended gardens), and will be and will accommodate small companies Columbia has reached the final stage of landscaped with trees, bollards, and lights. needing varying amounts of space. As design, and construction has begun. ToTemporary Columbia exhibit opened the companies grow and the need for be the first building to reach completion expansion occurs, more space will be made Meantime, in early October, the Columbia in downtown Columbia, the 20,000- available. The single-level, 140- by Field Office on Route 29 south of square-foot structure will house a 180-foot masonry building will have a Route 108 has opened a temporary comprehensive exhibit showing the city’s windowless end wall to make this possible. exhibit about the new city. Four-foot by downtown, village centers, neighborhoods, The building is for multitenant use and eight-foot panels showing plans for lakes and parks —all of the intricacies will provide spaces of from 4,000 to Columbia are on display, plus a model of of the city. 15,000 square feet to individual tenants. how the center of the new city is expected The tenant will have partitions installed Architects Gehry, Walsh & O’Malley to look in 1980. Open Saturdays and of Los Angeles and Baltimore have according to his needs. Sundays from p 1. m . to 5 p .m ., a hostess Initial parking space is planned for 45 designed the exhibition and office building is available to answer any questions guests cars on the east, or entrance, side of the to front onto the downtown lake, inmay have concerning Columbia. building. Trees which line the east side the central section of downtown. ThePublished material is also available. same materials — clay tile roof, stucco of Red Branch Road will remain. The exterior, bronze-colored glass skylight — Four-color brochure in print General Industrial Building will be opposite are being utilized as were projected in the Late last summer a booklet,A New City the Columbia Horse Center and model study (seeColumbia Quarterly, — Columbia, was published by The near the Hittman Associates Building. Spring 1966). A large pedestrian plazaRouse Company, The Village of CrossThe Hittman Building, the first to be west of the building, also designed by Keys, Baltimore, Maryland 21210. A 32- planned for the Oakland Ridge Industrial Gehry, Walsh & O’Malley, will connect page brochure, it may be obtained by Area (see Columbia Quarterly, Spring to the lakefront walkway. It will have a writing to the Information Department1966), also was designed by Architects European quality (complete with pigeonsof The Rouse Company. Cochran, Stephenson & Donkervoet. Open-air, all-weather pool under construction for Columbia The recreation area adjacent to The by Kinematics, Ltd. of Wantaugh, Long Village of Wilde Lake shopping center Island. Gas-fired radiant heaters can will include a pool of unique design, onecirculate up to 91 million Btu’s of heat of the first of its kind in the world. As around the pool, and although the shown in the model photo at the right, outdoor temperatures may be as low as zero the water reaches deck level, and is degrees, swimmers will still be warm with covered with a laminated-beam structure the top opened to the elements. with plexiglass inserts on the outer edge’s Of regulation Amateur Athletic Union lower two rows. The upper portion of size, the pool will have eight lanes and the A-frame will be open to the sky the year around, and the inserts will be three diving boards to permit everything removed during the summer so that a true from competitive swimming to water outdoor pool is formed. ballet, as well as general public enjoyment. The design of Engineer Milton Construction was started on the Costello, the 42- by 75-foot pool will be built pool in November. Model of all-weather pool

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Bryant Woods apartments under construction Bryant Woods, the first neighborhood scheduled for completion in The Village of Wilde Lake, will have garden apartments ready for rental in late spring, 1967. An eight-story midrise apartment dwelling will be completed shortly thereafter. Designed by Collins & Kronstadt, Leahy-Hogan-Collins, associate architects of Silver Spring, Maryland, the gardens and the midrise units will be located off Twin Rivers Road on Green Mountain Circle. To the north of the apartments will be a neighborhood center for recreation, elementary schools, and a neighborhood general store. One of the features of the housing units is that there will be bicycle walkways under Twin Rivers Artist’s sketch of General Industrial Building Road so that residents can walk or bike safely to school, church, the neighborhood store, or to the village center.

Garden apartments surround large green common Nine garden apartment buildings will be constructed around a large common containing an existing hedgerow of oak and elm trees. There will be 162 units in all: 36 one-bedroom apartments: 57 with two bedrooms; 30 two-bedroom, two-bath units; and 39 with three bedrooms. The masonry buildings will be painted tan, brown, and white and will be roofed with asphalt shingles in complementary colors. Each apartment unit will have a private balcony or patio. Bryant Woods midrise to be ell-shaped Rendering of Bryant Woods garden apartment buildings To the eastern corner from the garden apartments, an eight-story apartment structure will be completed shortly after springtime. To be an ell-shaped building with a lobby and two elevators, the materials will be similar to the garden apartments. Both legs of the building will be 70 feet wide, and the orientation will be toward Twin Rivers Road and the shopping-center plaza. The apartment dwellers on the upper stories will view Wilde Lake. Each apartment will have a private balcony. The two uppermost stories will feature duplex apartments set back from the edge of the building, permitting a continuous garden around the top. Of the 92 units to be constructed, 13 will be efficiencies, 44 will have one bedroom, 25 will contain two bedrooms, and Rendering of Bryant Woods eight-story apartment building there will be 10 two-bedroom duplexes.

ColumbiaArchives.org 10. Things are happening in the Howard County school system...an interview

q New building designs under study for three school sites chosen for Columbia.... q Annual conference on education: innovations discussed for meeting growth and change in Howard County.... q Consultants' study points way toward a model school______system

Until March of 1960, Howard County, Maryland — with its three-man Board of Education — was typical of many relatively small, conservative counties across the nation. South of the Mason-Dixon Line but northern in climate, action began in Howard County with the integration of the public school system. Then, in 1964, a five-man School Board was approved by the legislature, and innovations have been in the making ever since. In March of that year, two new men were nominated to the Board: Mr. Austin Zimmer and Dr. Edward Cochran. Early Mrs. Ruth James in May, 1964, Mrs. Gertrude Crist had been elected president of the Board with Mr. Frederick K. Schoenbrodt as vice president, and two years later to the month Mrs. Ruth James was officially appointed a member. Although certain shifts have been made within the Board’s structure, this team of five — along with their able superintendent, John Yingling — has been commended by Mr. Comer S. Coppie as having “vision, leadership, sensitivity . . .” and they are now directing the county’s educational system. Executive Director Coppie addresses the Board Mr. Austin A. Zimmer Mr. Frederick K. Schoenbrodt On October 21, the third Conference on Education, sponsored by the Board of Education of Howard County, was opened at the brand-new in Simpsonville, Maryland. Comer S. Coppie, executive director of the Board of Trustees of the Maryland State Colleges, was the keynote speaker to an audience of 500 educators, consultants, and local citizens. Commenting on the conference’s theme— “quality education” — Mr. Coppie complimented the “educational establishment” as being “neither asleep, nor exclusive, nor unwilling to face a changing world. “This conference testifies both to the Mrs. Gertrude Crist Superintendent John Yingling awareness of problems and to the desire

ColumbiaArchives.org 11 of enlisting a wide range of opinion inMr. Zimmer recently elected President county will have an opportunity in solving them.” He added that “it is clear Austin A. Zimmer, born in South conjunction with other social institutions to the Howard County Board of EducationNorfolk, Virginia, and a graduate of Virginia realize efficiencies and programs which is in the process of preparing the toolsPolytechnic Institute and Montgomerywould not have been possible otherwise.” necessary to help this community in meetingCollege, came to Baltimore in 1934. After Mr. Schoenbrodt elected to six-year term growth and change in a peaceful and working as an electrical engineer for a evolutionary way. . . . It is total in itsmanufacturing firm, Mr. Zimmer joined Frederick K. Schoenbrodt was elected in awareness that nothing must preclude the Davison Chemical, a division of W. R. May, 1963, to membership of the Board citizens of Howard County in the yearsGrace Company, in 1942. Recently for a six-year term. A resident of Howard ahead from acquiring the very best kind appointed director of engineering for Davison,County since 1954, he attended the Baltimore of education.” Mr. Zimmer is responsible for the City Public Schools and was graduated design and construction of new facilities Magna Cum Laude from Gettysburg Annual conference opened and expansion requiring major capitalCollege. While there, he was elected to by Chairman Crist expenditures. When elected by his fellow Phi Beta Kappa, Pi Lambda Sigma (an Former president of the Board of Education,Board members to the presidency of the economics honor society), and was the president for 1966 and re-elected Howard County Board of Education, heawarded departmental highest honors in for 1967 to the Maryland Association offelt that his background in industrial economics. During World War II, in Boards of Education (thereby setting a engineering equipped him in the administrationwhich he enlisted in the U.S. Army, he precedent in the history of the Association), of monies spent in school constructionserved for 22 months overseas in the Chairman and Board Member Mrs. — a most important item considering European Theater. Promoted to captain, Howard G. Crist, Jr. opened the Third an estimated Howard County 1980 schoolhe was released from active duty in January, Annual Conference by defining the enrollment of five times what it is this 1946. immediate task of the Board. It is “to join year. Recalled to duty in September, 1950, our backgrounds, our experiences, our Elected to the Board of Education in Mr. Schoenbrodt served in the Army for knowledge, and our efforts in shaping a1964, Mr. Zimmer is interested in smaller 37 months and is now a Lieutenant sound program of education that realisticallyclass groups, and feels that rapid reading Colonel in the U.S. Army Reserve and comes to grips with planning, courses should be introduced in the lowerCommanding Officer of the 2053rd enrollment increases, changes in society, theclass levels. Mr. Zimmer, who lives with Reception Station in Baltimore. During the knowledge explosion, and an effectivehis wife and two children in Elkridge, Korean War, he was awarded the Army education for every child.” recently was appointed by the Howard Commendation Medal for initiating County commissioners to the Public Mrs. Crist was born, raised, and management improvements in personnel Works Study Committee. educated in the public schools of South processing resulting in savings of more than Dakota, where she attended the State Dr. Cochran’s “six good reasons” $300,000 annually. University. An alert, energetic woman, Dr. Edward L. Cochran, former president One-time president of Ellicott City she has been involved in Red Cross work, and presently vice president of the SchoolElementary PTA (1957-1959), and president various women’s clubs, chairman of Board, says he has “six good reasons of the Howard County Senior High special committees such as the Youth to be interested in the Howard County School PTA from 1959 to 1961, Mr. Conservation Program, and during 1942school system: I have six children.” Schoenbrodt is also a member of the through 1946 she was very active in Born in 1929, Dr. Cochran was graduated Board of the Howard County YMCA, and serving several posts in the war effort. from Loyola College, received his chairman of its development committee. When Mr. and Mrs. Crist moved to M.S. from Duquesne University and his Mrs. Albert B. James, newest Howard County in 1946, Mrs. Crist Ph.D. in physical chemistry from the became affiliated with the West Friendship University of Notre Dame. A chemist in the Board member Parent-Teachers Association, where her Research Center of Applied Physics In May, 1966, Mrs. Ruth James was children attended school. She helped laboratory at Johns Hopkins, Dr. Cochranelected to the Board after having spent organize the School Board Nominatingwas elected to the Board of Education in 11 years as a substitute teacher in Howard Committee on which she has served as 1964. Before then he had been chairman County schools, and serving as an officer secretary, and has been a member since of the 1963 School Board Nominatingand committee chairman in PTA 1962 of the Advisory Council of theConvention. Always interested in education,organizations both statewide and local. Born in Catonsville Community College. She was he hopes that one day he will teach. Athens, Alabama, and educated in a awarded life membership of the Maryland Dr. Cochran feels that from the point private school there, Mrs. James received a Congress of Parents and Teachers, was of view of the educational system, the BS degree in English from Tennessee made Honorary Member of Lambda advent of Columbia “gives a tremendousState University and did postgraduate Chapter of the Delta Kappa Gamma opportunity for Howard County. It work will at Atlanta University, Georgia. Society of Alpha Beta, and is listed in accelerate the whole school system. After spending five years as an English Who's Who of American Women. These Having interested foundations and educatorsteacher at a private school in Athens, and plus other activities draw upon her time,around the county, we stand to benefit.. .giving . courses in a teacher-training school but in her words, “While I have many “It is absolutely good that Columbia in Minden, Louisiana, Mrs. James came interests, it is the field of education in will set standards that Howard County to Baltimore with her husband and two which I am most engrossed.” will have to meet. Educationwise, the children. She and Mr. James, who teaches

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English at Granville T. Woods Vocational School in the city of Baltimore, moved toConsultants recommend new school programs Howard County with hopes of finding public schools more adequate for their — a review o f ‘‘Toward 1975: A Guide to Schools for 1966-75 children than those farther south. At first in Howard County, Maryland” disappointed, the couple became active “Public education in America is in a in organizations working toward generated in Howard County and the educational improvement. state of unprecedented ferment and State of Maryland, the consultants sought change.” So said Howard County’s to identify “trends and developments “It has been encouraging to see the consultants on education, setting the stageworthy of more intensive pursuit.” With Howard County school system grow from their study project “stimulated and the type found in the Deep South to onefor their analysis of the challenges and opportunities facing the county schoolenhanced by the immediate prospect of the that is more democratic,” says Mrs. development of Columbia,” they James. “Progress came around 1960. A system as it prepares for the rapid growth expected in the next decade. produced a report which has become a focus great concern of mine is to help every of intense interest among the county’s Dr. William Alexander of the University child receive an education which develops school professionals and lay citizens. If of Florida and Dr. Robert Anderson his potential, an education that prepares the recommendations made by Alexander him to live as a contributing citizen in of Harvard carried out their study underand Anderson are put into effect, the the world with an awareness of his duty a federal development project grant County system will move into the to society as a whole.” approved by the Maryland State Departmentvanguard of educational reform, becoming a Mrs. James’s younger daughter is a of Education. Recognizing that momentumprototype for development of other school senior at Howard High; her older girl toward reform had already been systems within the state and region. went to Fisk University and is now working as a lab technician at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Back in March, 1964, Dr. Edward Cochran stated: “There is confusion on what should have priority in the list of needs of the school system, and a study by experts to review the curriculum and program might help to establish this priority.” Four such studies have been completed. On the morning of October 22, the second and final day of the annual conference on education, four educators led group discussions on intensive studies they had made earlier this year. Conducted under grants either from a private foundation or with federal assistance, the four consultants made recommendations providing an opportunity for a thoroughDr. Robert H. Anderson presentation, interpretation, and discussion to the citizens, educators, and Board of Education of Howard County. Dr. Richard Wynn, professor of education at the University of Pittsburgh, conducted a discussion on “Administrative Organization in Howard County.” Dr. Calvin W. Stillman, who completed a study on the Howard County Educational System last summer under a grant from the Ford Foundation, is vice president of the Broadcasting Foundation of America. And Drs. William M. Alexander and Robert H. Anderson, professors of education at the University of Florida and Harvard, respectively, spoke on “Elementary and Secondary Schools in Howard County.” A review of their report follows. Dr. Richard Wynn Dr. Calvin W. Stillman

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The goal of education own village or neighborhood would betime depends upon the particular The major goal of any educational systemallowed to send their children to any technique being used. For a televised lecture, should be “the individualization of other school in the system. the entire large group might be assembled together; for other activities subgroups instruction or the fulfillment of each child’sTechniques inborn potential for intellectual, social, might vary from 25 students with a physical, and civic improvement.” ButIn addition to emphasizing adaptability teacher down through smaller seminar although educators have been talking and autonomy, the consultants groupings to a setting in which a teacher about this goal for the past 100 years, it recommended adoption of several of the newis working with one or two students at a has only been within the last few years teaching and learning practices which time. In line with the emphasis on that important progress has begun to be they have helped develop over the pastmaximum individual responsibility for learning, made toward its realization. With the few years. a number of students would be focus of modern educational practice Nongraded organization. A school working without immediate teacher supervision, clearly upon the individual, the job ofsystem cannot respond effectively to the vast using resources of the library, the the school system becomes that of diversity of individual learners under thelaboratory, and in certain instances the identifying the individual’s needs and abilities traditional pattern of organization wherecommunity itself. Their projects would and responding to them in the most students are placed in year-long grades vary in length and complexity according effective way. There is growing agreement that and expected to learn in a standard size to the degree of subject mastery and the best way of responding to the group at a uniform rate. Attempts to personal maturity they had demonstrated. individual learner is to make him at each respond to individual differences under suchSuch independent study can be beneficial stage of the educational process as an organization have been clearly insufficient.even with children as young as those in responsible as possible for his own education. The only effective answer according the elementary school, and it is an Thus, the techniques by which the to Anderson and Alexander is to doespecially effective technique with those who school can help children to learn how toaway with graded organization have been insufficiently challenged under learn and develop their abilities to think altogether. In place of standard units of the regimentation of the traditional critically assume central importance in instruction, they would build a program inclassroom. the programs recommended by Anderson which advancement would depend upon The new technology. Important support and Alexander. achievement of mastery in every subject for independent study can come from the area, in which there would be no standard kind of advanced community-wide Orienting attitudes time-table for all pupils and in which information system previously recommended In describing the school system best children of the same age would not necessarilyto Howard County by Dr. C. Walter suited to guiding and supporting the be engaged in the same lessons. Stone in his report titled “A Library individual learner, Alexander and AndersonSuch a program requires that educators Program for Columbia,” and enthusiastically stress two major themes: 1) Adaptability. monitor each child’s individual progress endorsed by Drs. Alexander and Since we don’t know all there is toward mastery of each subject area, that Anderson. Remote access to audiovisual to know about educational practice, athey devise fair and effective criteria of materials stored in a central location and school program designed now has to be mastery, and that they provide resourcescomputerized reference search and open to change. Information from and support so that the student can meetinformation retrieval would be provided in continuing research on the effectiveness ofthose criteria. schools and libraries. The central teaching techniques and programs must Team teaching. The traditional self- computer would also be used to program be fed back as it becomes available, so contained classroom with its independentmaterial for individual instruction. that teachers and administrators can teacher does not lend itself to the make the necessary changes as rapidly as non-graded pattern in which individual Study of buildings possible. To permit such changes, new students are progressing at different rates in Anderson and Alexander concluded that school buildings must be flexible enough different subjects. Thus, teachers working their new school programs would require to allow rearrangement of functionalin the new organization would be groupednew school buildings. Following up their spaces to meet new program requirements.in cooperative units or teams, with varyingreport, Howard County has begun a And 2) Autonomy. In order to provide degrees of formality. As team members, study, under a grant from the Educational for the greatest flexibility of response to teachers would share curriculum Facilities Laboratory, of the facilities student needs and to allow the most planning, teaching, and evaluation forneeded a to implement the recommendations latitude for experimentation, each schoollarge group of from 75 to 100 students. of Anderson and Alexander. On should be allowed to develop in lineDuring the course of a day’s activities, the basis of this study, two elementary with the emphasis and interests of its subgroups of various sizes and durationsschools — one to be located in Columbia's principal and staff. Thus, within the would be formed for particular instructional first neighborhood — will be limits of state law and local policy, each purposes. Specialists and designed and built in time to open in school would set its own hours, determinenonprofessional aides would be affiliated withSeptember of 1968. As pilot projects the two its own instructional methods, and workthese teaching teams to provide supplementaryschools will give the County a place for out its own cooperative arrangements knowledge and assistance. training teachers in the new techniques with other schools. With open enrollment, Independent study. In a nongraded and for evaluating the soundness of the parents preferring a school school system using cooperative teaching,programs recommended by Anderson program different from that found in theirthe size of student subgroups at any givenand Alexander.

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“It is shocking that a nation with our affluence still allows today’s vast, . One major reason is that it takes place in bits and pieces__ ” After spending the scholastic year of 1957-58 as a visiting professor in the department of city planning at the University of Pennsylvania, Finley was appointed director, National Capital Planning Commission, in Washington, D.C. Responsible for projects such as the Southwest Redevelopment, he directed The Year 2000 Plan, published in 1961. Golf Pro Majewski Following a 40-day, intensive study ofHobbit’s Glen Golf Course has been William Finley, project director of major cities in Europe and Asia while oncompleted (see Columbia Quarterly, Spring Columbia, had not been out of graduatea traveling grant, Finley joined The Rouseand Summer Issues), and will be open school too many years before he realized Company in 1963. As vice president,for play this spring. Effective March 1, that the chaos of our sprawling cities was while Columbia was in the land-acquisition Hank Majewski, presently assistant pro similar to an upside-down Swedish fruitcake. stage, he spent his first year and a half at Baltimore Country Club’s Five Farms Concluding that the most importanton the development of The Village ofCourse, will serve as Hobbit’s full-fledged decisions in urban development wereCross Keys apartments, offices, and shoppingpro. A graduate of the University of made on the private side of the table, area in Baltimore. “This was my Baltimore and to receive his law degree Finley opted to be with what he considers first exposure to the aches and pains offrom there in June, 1967, Mr. Majewski is an enlightened developer — “of which the private developer in trying to balancelisted in Who’s Who in American Colleges there are very few.” Former director of esthetic and marketing goals with the and Universities. In 1957 he played in the National Capital Planning Commission,economics of reality. This balancing is the National Jaycee Junior Tournament he made the transition in 1963 the heart of the development business.” and was named Junior Golfer of that from public city planning to privateFinley adds that “Rouse’s view of dedicationyear. Since then he has spent four years planning and development administration to quality and concern with detailsas an apprentice, and in 1963 he was an a natural one. He found in James Rousecoupled with good design will in time official at the National PGA School in a philosophy “not only coincidental toresult my in higher financial rewards.” own, but also one I can emulate and As one of five members of a jury reflect.” inted by U.S. Department of Housing A hyperenergetic individual with a and Urban Development’s Dr. Robert C. peripatetic childhood, Finley enlisted in Weaver to select winners of Design the Air Force at age 18, serving as a combat pilot until the end of World War II. Awards this fall, Finley came to the In 1945 he enrolled at Berkeley as an following conclusions: “This was a good architectural student. However, finding chance to get an overview of what’s going “architecture too limited and exclusive,” on in this country. While there are a few he wrote a curriculum for a bachelor’s bright lights in terms of planning and degree in city planning, a field then indesign, it is obvious that the vast majority of its infancy, and succeeded in getting it our urban environment is still being approved. Becoming the first student inconstructed without design considerations. planning, Finley also worked in the SanIt is shocking that a nation with our Francisco Planning Commission, andaffluence allows today’s terrible sprawl. received his master’s degree from the “Therefore,” adds Finley, “I am Used here by an employee of The Baltimore University of California in 1951. convinced that Columbia can and should be Gas and Electric Company is an The next four years were spent in “Electronic Witch.” It is locating pipes a forerunner to, or a prototype of, Richmond, California, where Finley was in the path of Columbia’s underground hundreds of new towns and cities necessary made the city planning director in 1952. utility installations at the horse center. In 1955, he accepted the project directorship to house the forthcoming generations The device is reminiscent of the old-time of a new town in the making: between now and the year 2000. What we dowser whose forked divining rod would Ravenswood, Virginia, backed by Kaiser learn working on Columbia should be tell where to find water. Some say the Aluminum. A tiny town of 1,100, Ravenswoodcarefully scrutinized and passed along indivining rod worked best with an albino, planned for careful expansion toorder a that the coming generation of newbut this electric version works best with future population of 25,000. builders will gain from our experiences.”a battery.

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Columbia in print: major magazines publish articleson new city Columbia generates increasing national economic diversity. . . .” The article interest, and four major magazines have forecasts that “it would take 750 communities recently published articles discussing the the size of Columbia just to house half project. House Beautiful, in an article the increase in the urban population titled “The Bright New Promise of Brand expected by the end of the century.” New Towns,” states that “the depth and American Home points to Columbia detail of today’s best planning far as having “one of the most comprehensive master plans that includes even the minutest surpasses anything done before. A good details.” And Business Week speaks example of this is Columbia, Maryland.. ..” of Columbia as “. . . what many experts Lands Manager Shallcross Fortune calls Columbia “The new consider the most soundly conceived andIn the early days of land purchasing for town that will have the greatest social and solidly financed new town ever planned.”Columbia, only a carefully chosen handful of people knew about the project. On March 1, 1963, John Shallcross was President Johnson recipient of Columbia's first canceled letteremployed by Rouse to manage the land August 15 marked the opening of Columbia's charge” of the post-office branch. Official as it was being purchased, but no one first post office, a remodeled 100- recognition of the facility was made by other than the Rouse officials knew for year-old former carriage house. Participating Severn Tittsworth, assistant postmaster whom he worked — including his wife. All that was generally known was that in the flag-raising ceremony were, for Ellicott City. left to right in the picture below, Senator Shallcross worked for a mysterious land State Senator Clark was the first person James Clark, Jr.; Willard G. Rouse, purchaser. He was not allowed in The executive vice president of The Rouseto hand-stamp the date cancelation of Rouse Company’s offices, and even his Company; Charles E. Miller, chairman the first-day covers, the first of which was paycheck was issued unofficially. It was of the Howard County Board ofmailed to President Johnson. (“He was for the following seven months that Shallcross Commissioners; John Shallcross, most appreciative of Columbia’s courtesy was a man without a county: he Columbia’s director of lands management; in bringing this special issue to his farmed with diplomacy, listened to various and John E. Slayton, manager of theattention . . .” acknowledged President Johnson's fanciful rumors about who was buying and “clerk in personal secretary.) the land and what they were going to do with it, and kept the secret of the As far back as 1874 there had been a city-to-be. Columbia Post Office when a one-horse Now openly the director of lands village of Columbia existed near the management for Columbia, Shallcross crossroads of U.S. 29 and Maryland 108.performs some 19 different jobs on the site. However, service was discontinued inAmong them are the supervision of 1912 when Eliicott City took over the plans for Columbia’s landscaping; wild rural delivery, and the name “Columbia” tree transplanting (in excess of 4,000 was dropped. As of last August 15, all of trees have been saved ahead of bulldozers the new city’s mail will be processed and transplanted on permanent locations); through the converted carriage house, and running nurseries where over 250,000 which will be operated by the Columbia trees of 79 different varieties are being Park and Recreation Association, Inc. raised for the city. The project director As Columbia grows, other branches will of Hobbits Glen Golf Course and the be built and regular post-office employeesColumbia Horse Center, Shallcross also will take over. manages some 126 tenants living in houses owned by Columbia, the Atholton Shopping Center, and the River Hill Farm. TV reception in Columbia surveyed and found adequate Born in New York City in 1912, Shallcross The Field Engineering and Service One hundred and five points were was graduated from Groton and Department of the Westinghouse Defense surveyed to determine signal strength fromYale, and did graduate work at the and Space Center in Baltimore completed both Baltimore and Washington stations, University of Detroit in industrial engineering, a 16-day, late-summer survey of the site and the quality of reception at each of industrial chemistry, plant design, and for the city of Columbia. Engineers set the survey points. According to Tom Ely,business administration. A veteran up a mobile lab with field-intensity the project supervisor, the TV receptionCommander of the U.S. Navy with 48 months measuring equipment plus a TV receiver towas found adequate from stations in bothof sea duty in the Pacific in World War check the quality of pictures. The lab cities. Columbia residents will be able to II, Shallcross was an assistant vice president also could be adjusted in height and receive seven TV stations. No antennae of Wyandotte Chemical Corporation rotated in any direction. will be needed, nor will they be permitted. in Michigan before he came to Baltimore.

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Six month study under way on family life in Columbia

“Can man build a community for people,with Columbia’s Institutional Development “Particularly in a new city,” says Dr. with careful but not too rigid planning, which Department with the purpose of Lieberman, “it may be possible to unite will improve the quality of life for those submitting a report on family life in the threads of education, public health, people?” January, 1967. Institutional planningand for psychiatry in the fabric of ordinary The answer should be yes, says Dr. E. Columbia has long been concerned with life so that people have access to as deep James Lieberman, staff psychiatrist at the interrelationships of people in Columbiaan understanding of human behavior as National Institute of Mental Health in (see Columbia Quarterly, Summer Issue). they can use — without having to go into Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Lieberman, Dr. Lieberman, born in Milwaukee, treatment to get it; so that teachers are since September 1, has been consulting Wisconsin in 1934, received his A.B. comfortable and competent in dealing from Berkeley and his M.D. from the with the emotional as well as the University of California School of Medicineintellectual challenges they face every day; so in San Francisco. After an internshipthat the psychiatric treatment facilities at U.S.P.H.S. Hospital in Staten are the best, fully integrated into a health Island, New York, he was a resident in orientation which emphasizes prevention psychiatry at the Massachusetts Mental and. even more, the quality of growth Health Center and Putnam Children’s and development.” He adds that the Center in Boston. In 1963, after receiving"definitions of quality and the measures of an M.P.H. from the Harvard School improvement will keep scholars and of Public Health. Dr. Lieberman moved citizens alike on their toes.” This, Columbia’s with his family to Washington, D.C. His planners happily acknowledge, will add present title is Consultant, Adolescentan exciting open-endedness to the Dr. Lieberman with his daughter, Karenand Family Mental Health, NIMH. expected good life in Columbia.

Baltimore-Washington access map to Columbia, Maryland Routes 70-N and 1-95 are now under construction

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