Species Accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera), Glasgow 2011
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SPECIES ACCOUNTS OF EUROPEAN SYRPHIDAE (DIPTERA), GLASGOW 2011 M.C.D.Speight SYRPH THE NET: THE DATABASE OF EUROPEAN SYRPHIDAE (DIPTERA) Volume 65 Series Editors: Martin C.D.Speight, Emmanuel Castella, Jean-Pierre Sarthou & Claude Monteil SPECIES ACCOUNTS OF EUROPEAN SYRPHIDAE (DIPTERA), GLASGOW 2011 M.C.D.Speight Dept. of Zoology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland A special issue of the Species Accounts to commemorate the occasion of the 6th International Symposium on the Syrphidae, University of Glasgow, 2011 Syrph the Net: the database of European Syrphidae (Diptera) Volume 65 Speight, M.C.D., Castella, E., Sarthou, J.-P. and Monteil, C. (eds.) compilation of this database initially received funding from: contract STEP/CT90/0084 (Science and Technology for Environmental Protection), European Commission this publication may be referred to as: Speight, M.C.D. (2011) Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera), Glasgow 2011. Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae, vol. 65, 285 pp., Syrph the Net publications, Dublin. ISSN 1393-4546 (Series) Syrph the Net Publications Dublin 2011 © M.C.D.Speight 2011 SPECIES ACCOUNTS OF EUROPEAN SYRPHIDAE (DIPTERA), GLASGOW 2011 CONTENTS Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Parts of Europe covered by the database 1.2. The species covered and their nomenclature 1.3. Species account subheadings Chapter 2: SPECIES ACCOUNTS, SYRPHIDAE Chapter 3: SPECIES ACCOUNTS, MICRODONTIDAE REFERENCES Appendix 1: publications in which use is made of the StN database Appendix 2: StN licence agreement Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION The general purpose behind the StN species accounts is to provide an accompaniment to the StN spreadsheet files, for those who receive the database, but accounts are also given for species additional to those covered by the spreadsheets (see below). Here the accounts included in the 2010 edition of the database have been up-dated to cover information (from both published and unpublished sources) which has become available subsequently and further species accounts have been added ¾ species accounts are now provided for more than 800 species (more than 90% of the known European syrphid fauna). Precisely how many syrphid species have been recorded in Europe remains uncertain, because of the doubtful status of a significant number of them. A Checklist of European and Turkish Syrphidae is provided in the StN Range and Status file. But that Checklist should be regarded as a list of the species names currently in use for European Syrphidae, rather than as a list of valid species. The coding of taxonomic status (see Range and Status file) of each of the nominal species in the Checklist groups them (category definitions provided in the Range and Status file) as follows: taxonomically stable and recognisable: 725 taxonomically unstable: 76 taxonomic status uncertain: 87 Publications exemplifying different ways in which the StN database – including the Species Accounts - can be used are listed in Appendix 1 to this volume. A copy of the licence agreement, required to be completed for receipt of the current set of database files, has also been included, as Appendix 2. The species accounts contain a mélange of published and unpublished information. The published component brings together material from widely scattered sources, but some of those sources are themselves compendia of relevant data, prominent among which are Barkemeyer (1994, 1997), Bartsch et al (2009a, 2009b), de Buck (1990), Speight and Lucas (1992), Torp (1994) and Vujic (1996). The unpublished component of the accounts is based primarily on the experience of the author, gathered over more than 30 years of observation on European syrphids, but has been significantly augmented by information from other European syrphid workers, who have been generous in their help. Indeed, the syrphid database is progressively becoming the intellectual offspring of Europe’s syrphid specialists. It has not been possible to refer to each collaborator by name at every point that some piece of information they have provided has been incorporated into the accounts, although many pieces of information are referenced in this way as “pers.comm”. Collaborators who have contributed to production of the species accounts and to the information content of other database files are as follows: H.Ahnlund, S.Ball, H.Bartsch, D.Birtele, R. & R.Blackith, R.Bygbjerg, E.Carrières, E.Castella, P.Cerretti, C.Claussen, M. de Courcy Williams, D.Doczkal, C.Dussaix, F.Dziock, M.J. Ebejer, M.Falck, H.-J.Flügel, P. Goeldlin de Tiefenau, M. de Groot, A. Haarto, M.Hauser, W.Hurkmans, T.Järveläinen, A.Jukes, K.Kassebeer, C.Kehlmaier, S.Kerppola, M.Kotarac, M.Krivosheina, L.Larrieu, D. & T.Levy, M.A. Marcos-Garcia, X.Mengual, T.Moertelmaier, B.Nelson, T.R.Nielsen, C.Palmer, P.M.Pavett, M.Reemer, A.Ricarte Sabater, G.Rotheray, S.Saribiyik, J.-P.Sarthou, U.Schmid, J.T.Smit, M. Sörensson, J.-H. Stuke, A.Ssymank, V.S. van der Goot, G. Van de Weyer, P.J. van Helsdingen, W. van Steenis, M. van Veen, L.Verlinden, A.Vujic, P. Withers. Information relating to Alpine species has been provided by P.Goeldlin de Tiefenau, T.Moertelmaier and L.Verlinden, in particular. M.A. Marcos-Garcia and A.Vujič have provided a considerable proportion of the information used for Mediterranean species and the data presented for species from northern Europe are heavily dependent on information provided by A.Haarto, H. Bartsch, S.Kerppola and T. R. Nielsen. 1 1.1. PARTS OF EUROPE COVERED BY THE DATABASE The various “Biogeographical Regions” of Europe, as defined by the EU (earlier called "biogeographical zones"), are used here as a means of defining the geographic coverage provided by each version of the database, and for purposes of subdividing Europe into working units. They are referred to here simply as "regions" of Europe. Certain modifications have been made to the subdivision of northern Europe, aimed at simplifying the task. This results in those parts of Scandinavia that are consigned by the EU to the Alpine and Boreal regions being treated together here (together with Iceland and Norway), as the Northern region. The Alpine region, as recognised here, consequently excludes those parts of Scandinavia included in it by the EU. In summary, the subdivisions of Europe treated in whole or in part in the syrphid database are as follows: Alpine region (including Switzerland) Atlantic region Continental region (including Czech and Slovak Republics) Macaronesian region Mediterranean region Northern region (including Iceland and Norway) A second set of subdivisions of the EU, recognised more recently, are the “ecological regions”, whose present boundaries have little relation to those of the “biogeographical regions”. The boundaries of these “ecological regions” are apparently not as yet finalised. The most recent available map (September, 1997) of these “ecological regions” shows a multiplicity of units, whose limits are defined by variations in vegetation type. Since these “ecological regions” do not correspond with administrative, political or other boundaries found on existing maps of Europe, they cannot be employed for subdividing the continent into broad, precisely defined geographical units, recognisable by anyone wishing to use the syrphid database. Equally, any correspondence these “ecological regions” may have with meaningful faunistic subdivisions of the continent remains conjectural. They are thus not used in the syrphid database. The database now covers almost all the syrphid species that are known from the Atlantic, Continental and Northern zones of the EU (plus Iceland, Norway and the Czech and Slovak Republics), together with most of the species known from the Alpine region (including Liechtenstein and Switzerland) and many of the species that are exclusively Mediterranean in their European range. The Mediterranean species included are largely species that occur on the western edge of the Mediterranean basin. Dirickx (1994) provides an overview of current knowledge on the Mediterranean syrphid fauna, but the fauna of this zone remains the least well-known element of syrphid fauna of the EU in general, and considerable work needs to be done on both habitat associations of the species and compilation of species lists, before satisfactory coverage could be achieved. For instance, there is no comprehensive species list for Greece and no obvious initiative currently in place to compile such a list. Similarly, there are no published data on the syrphids associated with phrygana habitats. In terms of coverage of the faunas of different countries or other recognisable entities, with the exception of doubtful taxa listed below, the database includes all the species currently known from: Belgium, Britain (the island) Denmark Finland Iceland Ireland (the island) Liechtenstein Luxembourg 2 Malta Netherlands Norway Slovenia Sweden United Kingdom Atlantic and Continental parts of France Atlantic parts of Spain and Portugal northern Germany (the Länder of Bremen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, and Schleswig- Holstein) southern Germany (the Länder of Baden-Würrtemberg and Bayern). Although the database now covers nearly all the syrphid species known from Poland, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, the Slovak Republic and Switzerland, it has not yet proved possible to complete coverage for these countries. The Austrian fauna is covered to the extent that this is possible, in the absence of a taxonomically revised species list for that country. 3 1.2. THE SPECIES COVERED AND THEIR NOMENCLATURE In principle, the species of Syrphidae incorporated into the database are those that can reasonably be regarded as resident in some part of Europe covered by the database. One or two of the species covered, for instance Simosyrphus aegyptius (Wied.), are possibly not resident, but repeatedly establish temporary populations that may, or may not, survive from one year to the next in Europe. A species almost certainly only recorded from part of Europe covered by the database as a consequence of transport by Man, and with no clear evidence of having established itself there, is not covered by the database, if its origin is outside those parts of Europe that are covered by the database.