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A History and Analysis of Baseball's Three Antitrust Exemptions
Volume 2 Issue 2 Article 4 1995 A History and Analysis of Baseball's Three Antitrust Exemptions Joseph J. McMahon Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/mslj Part of the Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons, and the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons Recommended Citation Joseph J. McMahon Jr., A History and Analysis of Baseball's Three Antitrust Exemptions, 2 Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports L.J. 213 (1995). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/mslj/vol2/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal by an authorized editor of Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. McMahon: A History and Analysis of Baseball's Three Antitrust Exemptions A HISTORY AND ANALYSIS OF BASEBALL'S THREE ANTITRUST EXEMPTIONS JOSEPH J. MCMAHON, JR.* AND JOHN P. RossI** I. INTRODUCTION What is professional baseball? It is difficult to answer this ques- tion without using a value-laden term which, in effect, tells us more about the speaker than about the subject. Professional baseball may be described as a "sport,"' our "national pastime,"2 or a "busi- ness."3 Use of these descriptors reveals the speaker's judgment as to the relative importance of professional baseball to American soci- ety. Indeed, all of the aforementioned terms are partially accurate descriptors of professional baseball. When a Scranton/Wilkes- Barre Red Barons fan is at Lackawanna County Stadium 4 ap- plauding a home run by Gene Schall, 5 the fan is engrossed in the game's details. -
Base Ball the Ball the Best Ball!
BASE BALL, TRAP SHOOTING AND GENERAL SPORTS. Volume 48—No. 20. Philadelphia, January 26, 1907. Price, Five Cents. SPORTING LIFE. January 26, 1907. May 1 and ending as near September having other players take certain actions which 15 as convenient The schedule meet would be detrimental to their interests in pro ing will be held in February in one of fessional base ball for all time to come and LAWSON©S LEAGUE. the League©s cities. It was announced without any cause whatsoever. It is for these that George Reed would manage the reasons that the player©s application is refused. Decatur Club. HARRY C. PULLIAM, B. B. JOHNSON, THF NEW WESTERN PENNSYLYA THE FINAL JUDGMENT BY THE AUG. HERRMANN, Netvs Notes. National Commission. Manager Fred Donovan is said to be after NIA EXPANDS. pitcher Syfert from Decatur for the Bloomers. COMMISSION. Manager Starke, of Dubuque, announces that he has signed two pitchers, two infielders and THE TRI-STATE LEAGUE. a pair of outfielders, in addition to a big Butler and Beaver Falls Are Ad reserve. Full Text of the finding Which Make The Williamsport Club Gets Into Line President Kinsella, of Springfield, has drafted infielder George Deneau from Jackson, in the by Gracefully Accepting Protection mitted, Increasing the Circuit to Copper Country League, and is on a still hunt the Erratic Ball Player Ineligible With the Remaining Clubs. for pitchers. President Holland has accepted the resigna .Williarnsport, Pa., Jan. 22. Editor Ten Clubs Some Facts About tion of Secretary A. T. Thumler and has ap for Any League But the Trl-State Sporting Life." Williamsport©s di pointed as his successor Herbert J. -
She Ifriltoiflc S In
Try ^ w ea th er THE HILLSIDE 'TIMES >nd somewhat warawJ to- For Your Next Order Of Ui tome1TOf ’ . v'> ; , She Ifriltoiflc Sinus PRINTING ^U f^or-660- - HILLSIDE, N, J„ FRIDAY, JULY i m PRICE FIVE CENTS Cougji Vaccine HILLSIDE ELKS AT nHle&fion Authorize Formation Of Industrial FROLIC IN UNION Death Rides Held Success ■’"About twenty-five members of., Hills? Negotiation Board Awaiting Report side Lodg'fe 1591, B. P. Q. Elks, attended Highway For It an informal .outdoor frolic b n the Formation of an official Industrial could, toe a .part' of the, industrial Asso-. Health Physician -Believes grounds: of Union Lodge last night wnets call N orth - Broad Plffitiiiiiag Board for the township was tatidn, "tout, deblared his wiflngness tqt The .occasion wds’: th e birthday-. anni Eg of Rid?way av^tde, W W Of H.S. Site delayed another week, w hen: flo report support' ahy. plan Which would pro- Semm Will Become More versary'of Ohailes 'V^'^Mink, thred Second Time i received by the Township Commit- tecT industfy and bring otlers Jibre, Effective With Time times exalted ruler" of 'the Union group. ^ uhml said th is week in WedheSday night from-the Shows Bayonne Pamphlet other "lodges’ were repre® iits on' the east siae oi CnmnntteB Givte ■School- pidiiiiing its w g a m z a m r wuow- ""'"ECiwara T rm c g i^ ..tfeuenjr 7 leading Elks .of the City Man Succumbs te declared f f l i M i M M Board Power tp Buy a Ing* a meeting Monday with -repr m ent agent for th e Lehigh mlley R ail- sough vaccine in Hillside doning- thS state . -
The Next Labor Market in College Sports
STANDEN (DO NOT DELETE) 5/20/2014 12:37 PM View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Oregon Scholars' Bank JEFFREY STANDEN The Next Labor Market in College Sports I. The Invariance Principle and the Baseball Labor Market ... 1097 II. The Labor Market in College Sports ................................... 1105 III. Student-Athletes Who Are Paid .......................................... 1116 IV. The Unlikely Demise of the Amateur Athlete ..................... 1123 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 1126 he 1956 publication of Simon Rottenberg’s The Baseball TPlayers’ Labor Market1 began the serious academic study of sports. This insightful article is brimming with ideas and spurred a generation of economic analysis.2 It is also a startlingly prescient, if un-cited, prelude to Ronald Coase’s subsequent work that gained great traction in the legal academy.3 Coase’s article became the most cited journal article in the history of legal scholarship4 and earned its author the Nobel Prize in Economics.5 Rottenberg’s paper, however, Dean and Professor of Law, Northern Kentucky University Chase College of Law. Research assistance was provided by Jeremie Imbus, Stephanie Isaacs, Brian Morris, and Shaun Roberts. 1 Simon Rottenberg, The Baseball Players’ Labor Market, 64 J. POL. ECON. 242 (1956), available at http://www.vanderbilt.edu/econ/faculty/Vrooman/rottenberg.pdf. 2 Allen R. Sanderson & John J. Siegfried, Simon Rottenberg and Baseball, Then and Now: A 50th Anniversary Retrospective (Vanderbilt Univ. Dep’t of Econ., Working Paper No. 06-W06, 2006), available at http://www.vanderbilt.edu/econ/wparchive/workpaper /vu06-w06.pdf. 3 Ronald Coase, The Problem of Social Cost, 3 J.L. -
April 7, 1906
April 7, 1906. ANSAS CITY CLUB, Kansas City, Mo. ANCHESTER CLUB, Manchester, N. H. Manager; Clean, N. Y., James Dailey, Manager; THE TWO MAJOR LEAGUES. K George Tebeau, President, M S. D. Flanagan, President Bradford, Pa,, Thomas N^ws, Manager; Dtibois, James T. Burke, Manager. and Manager. Pa., James E. Breen, Manager; Erie, Pa., ThQ». THE SUPREME NATIONAL BASE' BALL Reynolds, Manager; Oil City-Jamestown, Al Law- COMMISSION. OUISVILLE CLUB, Louisville, Ky. EW BEDFORD CLUB New Bedford, Mass. son, Manager; Hornellsville, N. Y., John Quinn, L George Tebeau. President, N Dennis H. Shay, President, Manager; Punxutawney, Pa , C. Brown, Manager. CHAIRMAN, AUGUST HERRMANN, Wiggins Suter Sullivan, Manager. James Canavan, Manager. Block, Cincinnati, O. Season—May 14 to September 22. SECRETARY, JOHN P:. BRUCE, Masonic Temple, ILWAUKEE CLUB, Milwaukee, Wis. ORCESTER CLUB, Worcester, Mass. OHIO-PENNSYLVANIA LEAGUE. Cincinnati, O. f M Cha». S. Havener, President, W Jesse Burkett, President Joe Cantillon, Manager. and Manager. (CLASS c.) THE NATIONAL COMMISSION : President, Charles H. Morton, Akron, O. August Herrmann, of Cincinnati; Ban B. John INNEAPOLIS CLUB, Minneapolis, Minn. son, of Chicago; Harry C. Pulliam, of New York. M M. J. Kelley, President NORTHWESTERN LEAGUE. CLITB MEMBERS—Youngstown, O., Martin Ho- and Manager. (CLASS B.) gan, Manager; Akron, O., Walter East, Manager; President, W. H. Lucas, Seattle, Wash. Zanesville, O., Fred Drumm, Manager; Lancas NATIONAL LEAGUE. T. PAUL CLUB, St. Paul, Minn. President, Harry C. Pulliam, New York City. ter, O., Frederick Gtay, Manager; Mansfield, O., S George Lennon, President, ELLINGHAM CLUB, Bellinlham, Wash. Carl McVey, Manager; Newcastle, Pa., Percy Season— April 12 to October 7. -
SPORTING LIFE JANTTARY 27, 191 A
^ - ; fflii-i*!*-^ Vol. 58 No. 21 Philadelphia, January 27, 1912 Price 5 Cents WARNING TO PLAYERS! Ball Players Under Contract or Reservation to Clubs in Organized Ball Should Not Permit Themselves to Be Blinded or Cajoled By the Specious Promises of Promoters of Shadowy Outlaw Leagues. INCINNATI, O., January 15. booths by which they may comfortably Ball players of class are be settle a piece of business that slipped coming too intelligent to take their minds is another bqon to the twen any stock in rumors and talks tieth century. There are a vscore of of outlaw leagues. They want other features in the modern base ball to be shown something before plant for the convenience and comfort of casting in their lot with ventures which patrons that were lacking in the old have little, if any, visible substantial days. Every park in the country has, or backing. With regard to the proposed will have next season, an up-to-date United States League, every competent plant, with the exception of the Chicago base ball man knows that it has Nationals, and they will build in time. not a possible chance of success along This present lines. A league containing two IMPROVEMENT BEGAN IN 1909 such diverse cities as New York and Reading. Pa., is an absurdity to start with Shibe Park here, and rapidly extend with. Few outsiders understand the ed to other cities in the two big league large cost of starting a league in modern circuits. Now, four years later, the fana of America have become educated to the cities where land is very expensive and de luxe base ball stadium. -
Vuelve La Acción a Grandes Ligas
8C EXPRESO Jueves 13 de Julio de 2006 aCCIÓN ALARMA SENSORES P/ REVERSA STEREO CD CLARION AUTOMOTRIZ AUTOMOVIL C/ BOCINAS $699.00 + IVA * $1,995.00 + IVA * $1,245.00 + IVA * Matriz: Tamaulipas #26 y Blvd Rodríguez Tels: 210-1147 y 214-7937 * Instalación gratis INICIA LA SEGUNDA MITAD STANDING LIGAS MAYORES RESULTADOS DE AYER LIGA AMERICANA NO HUBO JUEGOS ESTE G P PCT. JV LOCAL GIRA U10 RACHA #MÁGICO M. Rojas 53 33 .616 - 27-10 26-23 5-5 P1 74 SÍGALOS HOY VUELVE LA ACCIÓN Yanquis 50 36 .581 3 26-17 24-19 6-4 P1 80 Azulejos 49 39 .557 5 29-17 20-22 5-5 G2 81 LIGA AMERICANA LIGA NACIONAL Orioles 41 49 .456 14 24-21 17-28 4-6 G2 89 Mantarrayas 39 50 .438 15 ½ 22-20 17-30 5-5 G1 91 Oakland en Boston Houston en Florida (Loaiza 3-5) vs. (Lester 4-0), 4:05 p.m. (Oswalt 6-6) vs. (Willis 6-7), 4:05 p.m. A GRANDES LIGAS CENTRAL G P PCT. JV LOCAL GIRA U10 RACHA #MÁGICO Texas en Baltimore Colorado en Cincinnati Tigres 59 29 .670 - 26-14 33-15 6-4 P1 73 (Padilla 8-5) vs. (Cabrera 4-6), 4:05 p.m. (Francis 6-7) vs. (Milton 5-4), 4:10 p.m. Los Tigres de Detroit M. Blancas 57 31 .648 2 33-14 24-17 6-4 G1 77 Kansas City en Detroit L.A. (Dodgers) en San Luis Mellizos 47 39 .547 11 30-10 17-29 6-4 P1 87 (Duckworth 1-1) vs. -
The Irish in Baseball ALSO by DAVID L
The Irish in Baseball ALSO BY DAVID L. FLEITZ AND FROM MCFARLAND Shoeless: The Life and Times of Joe Jackson (Large Print) (2008) [2001] More Ghosts in the Gallery: Another Sixteen Little-Known Greats at Cooperstown (2007) Cap Anson: The Grand Old Man of Baseball (2005) Ghosts in the Gallery at Cooperstown: Sixteen Little-Known Members of the Hall of Fame (2004) Louis Sockalexis: The First Cleveland Indian (2002) Shoeless: The Life and Times of Joe Jackson (2001) The Irish in Baseball An Early History DAVID L. FLEITZ McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Jefferson, North Carolina, and London LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Fleitz, David L., 1955– The Irish in baseball : an early history / David L. Fleitz. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7864-3419-0 softcover : 50# alkaline paper 1. Baseball—United States—History—19th century. 2. Irish American baseball players—History—19th century. 3. Irish Americans—History—19th century. 4. Ireland—Emigration and immigration—History—19th century. 5. United States—Emigration and immigration—History—19th century. I. Title. GV863.A1F63 2009 796.357'640973—dc22 2009001305 British Library cataloguing data are available ©2009 David L. Fleitz. All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. On the cover: (left to right) Willie Keeler, Hughey Jennings, groundskeeper Joe Murphy, Joe Kelley and John McGraw of the Baltimore Orioles (Sports Legends Museum, Baltimore, Maryland) Manufactured in the United States of America McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Box 611, Je›erson, North Carolina 28640 www.mcfarlandpub.com Acknowledgments I would like to thank a few people and organizations that helped make this book possible. -
World T Chesapeake & and Lost, to Plitsburg
TRANSPORTATION QUIDS. World t Chesapeake & and lost, to Plitsburg. Score: "Last writes Mrs. Ohio Plttsburg _0 2 00 00 1 00.:*. 7 1 Fall," S. G. Bailey, of Tun- Railway Brooklyn _000 a 00 000.0 2 1 W. "1 was HOURS THE QUICKEST LINE and neltoh, Va., going down inches, [jOoVcf Smith; Bell and Butler. from female by Boo M. W. BoblUBon, ARcmt O. ft O. Sly. Time l:ßO. Umpire, Johnatonc. disease, with great pain. After tak¬ UNION DENTAL ROOMS Before nrrunglng for your trip. Yesterday's. Results. ing Cardui, Ohl I Through Tralna, Yestlbnled, Electric At Danville.Danvlllu Phllaa Win Pitcher's Battle. My Howl was benefited 1 I 26th & Washington Ave. Lighted, Steam 4; Roanoko2. PA., 20.. am not Heated, Dining At Norfolk.Norfolk-Richmond: no PHILADELPHIA, May well yet, but am so much better that I will (Jura a I<a Carto through tha j game. Philadelphia defeated Cincinnati in a on Offer graudost Hcenery Munt ot At Ports¬ pitcher's battle today, winning in (ho keep taking Wine of Cardui till I am Special Priens the Lynchl)urg.Lynchburg 8; on perfectly Hocky Mountalna. mouth 4. eighth Inning three slngloa ami a cured." For Richmond, Cincinnati, Indlunap. sacrifice. Score: oll«, It. 11. K. Gold Crown and Bridge Work Nashville, Chicago, Louis¬ Standing of the Clube. the ville, Nashville, Memphis, . Clubs. L. PC. Cincinnati ...0 02 0 9 00 00.2 «> Despite envious attacks of jealous enemies $5.00 per Tooth. West and W. 20 :> Southweat. Danville .1(1 8 Philadelphia .0 00 0 0.2 x.I o and $1.00 10:10 A. -
Base Ball Ball the Best Ball!
BASE BALL, TRAP SHOOTING AND GENERAL SPORTS. Volume 48—No. 14 Philadelphia, December 15, 1906. Price, Five Cents. HEMPHILL.O.F December 15, 1906. of league officials and mado himself generally by hitting, safe in place of fanning. in commission again. Every one knows obnoxious. His career has come to an unfortu .As it happens the hard-hitting fielder what Tom can do when he wants nate close. AH concede that he possessed drove in about as many ri»ns as any to. If there is any player on the team THE KELLEY CASE professional ability and, prior to the commence member of the team, and what is more whose departure would be more un ment of hie anarchistic course, he had the good to the point, outs&ored any other gent. welcome to the public than Patten's will of every one connected with the game. So all gossip concerning the depart it would be hard to name him, and as Unfortunately for him, his enmity". for his ure of Flick from Napland can be Case has spent most of his time for IS STILL AGITATING AMERICAN former friend, Lennon, blinded him to base tagged as bum cfope, se'vera.} leagues the last few seasons in expressing his ball law and made him its victim." from the right trail. desire to continue to play here, and, "NIG" CLABKE When last season closed, certainly had ASSOCIATION CIRCLES. blew .into : headquarters this week, no idea of doing anything else, his CLEVELAND CHAT. quite happy in the news that he had retention is considered practically tied up George Stone for the batting certain. -
My Replay Baseball Encyclopedia Fifth Edition- May 2014
My Replay Baseball Encyclopedia Fifth Edition- May 2014 A complete record of my full-season Replays of the 1908, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1966, 1967, 1975, and 1978 Major League seasons as well as the 1923 Negro National League season. This encyclopedia includes the following sections: • A list of no-hitters • A season-by season recap in the format of the Neft and Cohen Sports Encyclopedia- Baseball • Top ten single season performances in batting and pitching categories • Career top ten performances in batting and pitching categories • Complete career records for all batters • Complete career records for all pitchers Table of Contents Page 3 Introduction 4 No-hitter List 5 Neft and Cohen Sports Encyclopedia Baseball style season recaps 91 Single season record batting and pitching top tens 93 Career batting and pitching top tens 95 Batter Register 277 Pitcher Register Introduction My baseball board gaming history is a fairly typical one. I lusted after the various sports games advertised in the magazines until my mom finally relented and bought Strat-O-Matic Football for me in 1972. I got SOM’s baseball game a year later and I was hooked. I would get the new card set each year and attempt to play the in-progress season by moving the traded players around and turning ‘nameless player cards” into that year’s key rookies. I switched to APBA in the late ‘70’s because they started releasing some complete old season sets and the idea of playing with those really caught my fancy. Between then and the mid-nineties, I collected a lot of card sets. -
Teen Murder Victim's Neighbor Detained
6:06 p.m., January 21, 2012 6:41 p.m., January 21, 2012 7:31 p.m., January 21, 2012 10:09 p.m., January 21, 2012 10:23 p.m., January 21, 2012 Teen’s death brings about call to action By Josh Moyer Staff Writer On a breezy evening in April, a woman burst through the doors of next day and hoped some- Mount Zion Baptist thing good could come out Church while the choir of this, that Tyler’s slay- practiced Easter songs. ing, which remains Someone — Tyler Win- unsolved, could spark uni- stead — had been shot on ty in the community. Hill Street, she said. That call planted the Winstead’s pastor at that seed for Thursday’s “Build- church, the Rev. Michael ing Bridges” event, the Brewster, soon discovered first in a series of six MARK MORAN / THE CITIZENS’ VOICE town-hall style meetings The Revs. MIchael Brewster, left, and ShawnWalker are organizing aseries he would have to preside Winstead over the 14-year-old’s designed to address and of town-hall meetings called ‘BuIlding Bridges,’ whIch they hope wIll help funeral. A little more than solve problems in Wilkes- stop pointing the finger identify and address problems facing the citizens of Wilkes-Barre. a mile away, Mayor Tom Barre. and ask ourselves how The Revs. Brewster and change will begin. the same way. stepped into a church Leighton prayed inside St. much we’re willing to sac- He and the Rev. Walker “I saw an overwhelming before. But I saw them Nicholas Church and Shawn Walker will moder- rifice to raise the quality ate the meetings, the first will give each group a list sea of people at the funer- come out of their comfort received word on the shoot- of life here in Wilkes- of questions to discuss.