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Slum and Indigenous Knowledge (A Case Study of Dourbash Village, West Azarbaijan Province)

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Slum and Indigenous Knowledge (A Case Study of Dourbash Village, West Azarbaijan Province) 153 | Journal of Socail Studies of Ethnic Groups, Vol.1, No. 2, Autumn and Winter 2018 DOI: 10.22111/JSSE.2020.32265.1021 Slum and Indigenous knowledge (A Case study of Dourbash Village, West Azarbaijan Province) Vahid Rashidvash1 & Abolfazl Akhavan2 Received: November 07, 2019; Accepted: June 08, 2020 Abstract The present study is an anthropological study of the livelihoods of livestock farming in Dourbash village which is located in Takab County-West Azarbaijan Province. The research is qualitative, employing participatory observation and field-based interviews based on malinowski's functional theory. The findings of this study revealed that the villagers depend on their livestock and have acquired local knowledge in order to survive and adapt to the cold weather. The Livestock farmers tend to keep their livestock deep in the ground in part of their home which called the slum. The villagers have been able to interact and adapt to their environment using this local experience. Keywords: Life Style, Livestock Livelihood, Slum, Dourbash Village. 1 Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch; Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author). Email: [email protected] 2 PhD Student of Anthropology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch; Tehran, Iran. Email: [email protected] Journal of Socail Studies of Ethnic Groups, Vol.1, No. 2, Autumn and Winter 2018 | 154 DOI: 10.22111/JSSE.2020.30006.1012 The Sociological Study of Ethnic Social Movwments in Balochistan in the Pahlavi Abdollatif Karevani1 & Seyed Saeed Zahed Zahedani2 Received: May. 15, 2018; Accepted: December. 30, 2018 Abstract Social Movements have a great effect on the destiny and structure of the society, as far as they cause many changes in the society and international relationship in one side, and prevent from some specific changes on the other side. Since social movements are against current social order, they can be the source of many changes in the structure and upcoming destiny of the society. The discussion over racial movements in multi-racial society is also crucial. In Iran, there are different races such as Fars, Kurd, Baloch, Lore, Turk, Arab, etc. which in different ages caused many movements and parties that affected the central policy of the country. In this study, we study the movements of Baloch race and their roots, goals, and causality. And these movements have been criticized according to Charles Tilly's theory. The research method in this research has been historical-analytical. It can be said that the emergence of social movements in Balochistan of Iran, has been largely influenced by ethnic movements in Balochistan of Pakistan. Also, the present study shows that regional factors have been the most important factors in encouraging the independence thoughts among Baloches. Some of the racial Baloch-based movements are the Independence Movement of Doust Muhammad Khan, The liberator Front of Balochistan, The Democratic Party of Balochistan, and The Muslim League Party. According to Tilly's theory, these movements were not national movements, because governments did not play much of a role in organizing and directing these movements, but were more like revolutionary movements. Keywords: Social Movement, Baloch ethnic group, Ethnic Social Movement, Ethnic Movement. 1 Phd in Sociology, University of Shiraz; Shiraz, Iran (Corresponding Author). Email: abdollati [email protected] 2 Associate Prof. of Sociology, University of Shiraz; Shiraz, Iran. Email: zahedani@shirazu. ac.ir 155 | Journal of Socail Studies of Ethnic Groups, Vol.1, No. 2, Autumn and Winter 2018 DOI: 10.22111/JSSE.2020.31144.1018 The Study of Influential External Factors on Pan-Turkism in Iranian Azerbaijan Shaban Mohammadi1 & Ahmad Rezaii 2 Received: August. 01, 2018; Accepted: November. 29, 2018 Abstract Ethnocentrism amongst ethnic groups in Iran is one of the most important factors that endanger the social and cultural solidarity of our country. Pan-Turkism is a kind of ethnocentrism. Pan-Turkism emerged in the Russian Empire in the nineteenth century. In order to eliminate the Persian from previous Persian territories in the Caucasus, the Russian supported the idea of pan-Turkism. After the Russians, the Ottoman Empire advertised this idea to save its empire in the First World War. That is why they attacked Iranian Azerbaijan in 1918. Then the Soviet Union helped the Democratic Party to form a pan-Turkic state in Iran. Generally speaking, three factors of external forces, the Azeri elites, and the political system influence Pan- Turkism. In the present study, we attempted to examine the external forces and factors influencing Pan-Turkism in Iranian Azerbaijan through conducting a survey. For this purpose, we chose 400 respondents from East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardabil, and Zanjan provinces, using the clustering sample method. Then we interviewed the respondents. Finally, we analysed the data by the SPSS software. The regression analysis revealed that the independent variables explained 33 percent of the changes of Pan-Turkism as the dependent variable. Keywords: Azerbaijan, Pan-Turkism, External Factors, Foreign Mass Media, Distortion of History. 1 PhD. in Sociology, University of Mazandaran; Babolsar, Iran (Corresponding Author). Email: [email protected] 2 Associate Prof. Department of Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran; Babolsar, Iran. Email: [email protected] Journal of Socail Studies of Ethnic Groups, Vol.1, No. 2, Autumn and Winter 2018 | 156 DOI: 10.22111/JSSE.2020.30816.1015 Examining the Symbols of Sistan Shrines Marjan Shahraki Farkhondeh1 & Seyed Rasoul Mousavi Haji2 Received: July. 05, 2018; Accepted: October. 31, 2018 Abstract The symbol is associated with the conscious and unconscious mental pronoun. Today, by examining and analyzing the symbolic profiles and myths of the remembrance of the past, we discover the past. Some of the symbols presented by philosophers and religious historians in today's intelligible language that illuminate the worldview and perceptions of the past and the outside world and return to the human past as much as possible and to the mystery of facts and content. The superhuman realizes symbols that are beyond the realm of ordinary meanings and experiences, by passing through the appearance of the text and finding its truth and inner meaning as the crossing of the perceptible world and entering into the inner world of truth and truth. Find out. The Sistan area has many shrines that have special respect and respect for its inhabitants. The abundance of shrines and their special symbols, including the Gaz tree, the altar, the bread-baking oven, the bull horn, and some of these monuments on Mount Khawaja, which has always been a sanctuary and special place in various religions, It is important. Due to the fact that no specific research has been done on these shrines so far, this article attempts to investigate the origins of these shrine symbols through field studies and library studies. To be studied and analyzed in Sistan shrines. The results of the studies indicated that these symbols are influenced by pre-Islamic beliefs and the mythical beliefs of the inhabitants of the region. Keywords: Symbol, Shrine, Kuh-e Khwajeh, Sistan. 1 Phd Student of Archeology, University of Mazandaran; Babolsar, Iran (Corresponding Author). Email: [email protected] 2 Prof. of Archeology, University of Mazandaran; Babolsar, Iran. Email: seyyed_rasool @yahoo.com 157 | Journal of Socail Studies of Ethnic Groups, Vol.1, No. 2, Autumn and Winter 2018 DOI: 10.22111/JSSE.2020.31805.1019 Modernity & Encounter of Kurdish Intellectuals in Kurdistan newspaper (1898-1902) 1 Jahangir Mahmoudi2 & Omid Ghaderzade3 Received: May. 27, 2018; Accepted: November. 05, 2018 Abstract Ottoman modernization from a political and military point of view led to the decline of cultural pluralism and the emergence of political-administrative centralism, and from the social and cultural point of view, educational and bureaucratic structural reform led to the formation of modern social classes and intellectuals. The present study aims to examine the texts of the Kurdistan newspaper (1898-1902) as one of the manifestations of late modern intellectual ideas. The Kurdistan describes modernity and its initial encounter as enlightening and Kurdish political, social and cultural backwardness. According to the contextual and intertextual situation of the newspaper, competing discourses such as the discourse of Ottoman reformism and Kurdish nationalism can be named. Also, these contradictory discourses stem from the uneven development of the empire and the formation of a Premature nationalism with little material basis at the time. In sum, what the first generation of Kurdish intellectuals made of the concept of modernity was an enlightening conception of the backwardness of Kurdish society, which saw science, knowledge and learning as techniques for the development of Kurdish society and the unity and understanding of past history as the path to political development. This understanding of modernity was actually the founder of questions fundamental to Kurdish political-intellectual discourse: namely science and consciousness as a way out of the backwardness of society and the idea of the nation as a way of freedom and political development of Kurdish society. Keywords: Colonial Modernity, Ottoman Empire, Kurdish intellectuals, competing discourses, Kurdistan newspaper. 1 This article is extracted from a research project
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