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The Interstellar Transport of Galactic Cosmic Rays
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) 5-24-2012 The nI terstellar Transport of Galactic Cosmic Rays Kelly Lave Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd Recommended Citation Lave, Kelly, "The nI terstellar Transport of Galactic Cosmic Rays" (2012). All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). 707. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/707 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of Physics Dissertation Examination Committee: Martin H. Israel, Chair W. Robert Binns James H. Buckley Ramanath Cowsik Bruce Fegley Jr. Henric Krawczynski Douglas A. Wiens The Interstellar Transport of Galactic Cosmic Rays by Kelly A. Lave A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2012 Saint Louis, Missouri c Copyright 2012 by Kelly A. Lave Abstract Using the Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer (CRIS) onboard the Advanced Com- position Explorer (ACE) spacecraft, new and improved high-precision measurements of the elemental composition and energy spectra of galactic cosmic rays with energies from ∼50-550 MeV/nucleon and nuclear charge 5≤Z≤28 are reported here. These results cover observations during two solar minimum periods of the solar cycle, the most recent of which exhibited very low levels of solar activity and the highest galactic cosmic-ray intensities of the space era. -
Smiths 0 N U N Ins Ti Tu Tion Astrophysical Observatory
SMITHS0 NUN INS TITU TION ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY OPTICAL SATELLITE- TRACKING PROGRAM Grant Number NGR 09-015-002 Semiannual Progress Report No. 20 1 January 1969 to 30 June 1969 Project Director: Fred L. Whipple Prepared for National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D. C. 20546 Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical Observatory Cambridge, Massachusetts 021 38 SMITHSONIAN INS TITU TION ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY OPTICAL SATELLITE- TRACKING PROGRAM Grant Number NGR 09-015-002 Semiannual Progress Report No. 20 1 January 1969 to 30 June 1969 Project Director: Fred L. Whipple Prepared for National Ae r onauti cs and Space Administration Washington, D. C. 20546 Smithsonian Institution A s t r o phy s i cal Ob s e rvatory Cambridge, Massachusetts 021 38 908-2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION .................................. 1 RESEARCHPROGRAMS ............................. .2 GEODETIC INVESTIGATIONS ...................... 3 ATMOSPHERIC INVESTIGATIONS ................... 6 DATAACQUISITION ............................... 8 SATELLITE- TRACKING AND DATA-ACQUISITION DEPARTMENT ................................ 9 COMMUNICATIONS ............................. 21 DATAPROCESSING ................................ 23 DATA PROCESSING ............................. 24 PHOTOREDUCTION DIVISION ...................... 27 PROGRAMMING DIVISION. ........................ 29 EDITORIAL AND PUBLICATIONS. ...................... 31 ii INTRODUCTION In support of the scientific and operational requirements under the Satellite- Tracking Program grant, the -
Information Summaries
TIROS 8 12/21/63 Delta-22 TIROS-H (A-53) 17B S National Aeronautics and TIROS 9 1/22/65 Delta-28 TIROS-I (A-54) 17A S Space Administration TIROS Operational 2TIROS 10 7/1/65 Delta-32 OT-1 17B S John F. Kennedy Space Center 2ESSA 1 2/3/66 Delta-36 OT-3 (TOS) 17A S Information Summaries 2 2 ESSA 2 2/28/66 Delta-37 OT-2 (TOS) 17B S 2ESSA 3 10/2/66 2Delta-41 TOS-A 1SLC-2E S PMS 031 (KSC) OSO (Orbiting Solar Observatories) Lunar and Planetary 2ESSA 4 1/26/67 2Delta-45 TOS-B 1SLC-2E S June 1999 OSO 1 3/7/62 Delta-8 OSO-A (S-16) 17A S 2ESSA 5 4/20/67 2Delta-48 TOS-C 1SLC-2E S OSO 2 2/3/65 Delta-29 OSO-B2 (S-17) 17B S Mission Launch Launch Payload Launch 2ESSA 6 11/10/67 2Delta-54 TOS-D 1SLC-2E S OSO 8/25/65 Delta-33 OSO-C 17B U Name Date Vehicle Code Pad Results 2ESSA 7 8/16/68 2Delta-58 TOS-E 1SLC-2E S OSO 3 3/8/67 Delta-46 OSO-E1 17A S 2ESSA 8 12/15/68 2Delta-62 TOS-F 1SLC-2E S OSO 4 10/18/67 Delta-53 OSO-D 17B S PIONEER (Lunar) 2ESSA 9 2/26/69 2Delta-67 TOS-G 17B S OSO 5 1/22/69 Delta-64 OSO-F 17B S Pioneer 1 10/11/58 Thor-Able-1 –– 17A U Major NASA 2 1 OSO 6/PAC 8/9/69 Delta-72 OSO-G/PAC 17A S Pioneer 2 11/8/58 Thor-Able-2 –– 17A U IMPROVED TIROS OPERATIONAL 2 1 OSO 7/TETR 3 9/29/71 Delta-85 OSO-H/TETR-D 17A S Pioneer 3 12/6/58 Juno II AM-11 –– 5 U 3ITOS 1/OSCAR 5 1/23/70 2Delta-76 1TIROS-M/OSCAR 1SLC-2W S 2 OSO 8 6/21/75 Delta-112 OSO-1 17B S Pioneer 4 3/3/59 Juno II AM-14 –– 5 S 3NOAA 1 12/11/70 2Delta-81 ITOS-A 1SLC-2W S Launches Pioneer 11/26/59 Atlas-Able-1 –– 14 U 3ITOS 10/21/71 2Delta-86 ITOS-B 1SLC-2E U OGO (Orbiting Geophysical -
Novell® Platespin® Recon 3.7.4 User Guide 5.6.4 Printing and Exporting Reports
www.novell.com/documentation User Guide Novell® PlateSpin® Recon 3.7.4 September 2012 Legal Notices Novell, Inc., makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents or use of this documentation, and specifically disclaims any express or implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Further, Novell, Inc., reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes to its content, at any time, without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revisions or changes. Further, Novell, Inc., makes no representations or warranties with respect to any software, and specifically disclaims any express or implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Further, Novell, Inc., reserves the right to make changes to any and all parts of Novell software, at any time, without any obligation to notify any person or entity of such changes. Any products or technical information provided under this Agreement may be subject to U.S. export controls and the trade laws of other countries. You agree to comply with all export control regulations and to obtain any required licenses or classification to export, re-export or import deliverables. You agree not to export or re-export to entities on the current U.S. export exclusion lists or to any embargoed or terrorist countries as specified in the U.S. export laws. You agree to not use deliverables for prohibited nuclear, missile, or chemical biological weaponry end uses. See the Novell International Trade Services Web page (http://www.novell.com/info/exports/) for more information on exporting Novell software. -
Microsoft Office Word 2003 Rich Text Format (RTF) Specification White Paper Published: April 2004 Table of Contents
Microsoft Office Word 2003 Rich Text Format (RTF) Specification White Paper Published: April 2004 Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................................1 RTF Syntax.......................................................................................................................................2 Conventions of an RTF Reader.............................................................................................................4 Formal Syntax...................................................................................................................................5 Contents of an RTF File.......................................................................................................................6 Header.........................................................................................................................................6 Document Area............................................................................................................................29 East ASIAN Support........................................................................................................................142 Escaped Expressions...................................................................................................................142 Character Set.............................................................................................................................143 Character Mapping......................................................................................................................143 -
Calibration Method and Uncertainty for the Primordial Inflation Explorer
Prepared for submission to JCAP Calibration Method and Uncertainty for the Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) A. Kogut1 and D.J. Fixsen1;2 1Code 665, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA 2University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) is an Explorer-class mission con- cept to measure cosmological signals from both linear polarization of the cosmic microwave background and spectral distortions from a perfect blackbody. The targeted measurement arXiv:2002.00976v2 [astro-ph.IM] 4 Mar 2021 sensitivity is 2{4 orders of magnitude below competing astrophysical foregrounds, placing stringent requirements on instrument calibration. An on-board blackbody calibrator presents a polarizing Fourier transform spectrometer with a known signal to enable conversion of the sampled interference fringe patterns from telemetry units to physical units. We describe the instrumentation and operations needed to calibrate PIXIE, derive the expected uncertainty for the intensity, polarization, and frequency scales, and show the effect of calibration uncer- tainty in the derived cosmological signals. In-flight calibration is expected to be accurate to a few parts in 106 at frequencies dominated by the CMB, and a few parts in 104 at higher frequencies dominated by the diffuse dust foreground. Keywords: CMBR experiments, CMBR polarisation 1 Introduction The cosmic microwave background (CMB) provides a unique window to the early universe. Its blackbody spectrum points to a hot, dense phase in the early universe, while spatial maps of small temperature perturbations about the blackbody mean provide detailed information on the geometry, constituents, and evolution of the universe. -
Photographs Written Historical and Descriptive
CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, MISSILE ASSEMBLY HAER FL-8-B BUILDING AE HAER FL-8-B (John F. Kennedy Space Center, Hanger AE) Cape Canaveral Brevard County Florida PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD SOUTHEAST REGIONAL OFFICE National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 100 Alabama St. NW Atlanta, GA 30303 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, MISSILE ASSEMBLY BUILDING AE (Hangar AE) HAER NO. FL-8-B Location: Hangar Road, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Industrial Area, Brevard County, Florida. USGS Cape Canaveral, Florida, Quadrangle. Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinates: E 540610 N 3151547, Zone 17, NAD 1983. Date of Construction: 1959 Present Owner: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Present Use: Home to NASA’s Launch Services Program (LSP) and the Launch Vehicle Data Center (LVDC). The LVDC allows engineers to monitor telemetry data during unmanned rocket launches. Significance: Missile Assembly Building AE, commonly called Hangar AE, is nationally significant as the telemetry station for NASA KSC’s unmanned Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) program. Since 1961, the building has been the principal facility for monitoring telemetry communications data during ELV launches and until 1995 it processed scientifically significant ELV satellite payloads. Still in operation, Hangar AE is essential to the continuing mission and success of NASA’s unmanned rocket launch program at KSC. It is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under Criterion A in the area of Space Exploration as Kennedy Space Center’s (KSC) original Mission Control Center for its program of unmanned launch missions and under Criterion C as a contributing resource in the CCAFS Industrial Area Historic District. -
The Journal of Transport and Land Use: Guidelines for Authors
The Journal of Transport and Land Use: Guidelines for Authors Summer 2018 Revision These guidelines are provided to assist authors in preparing article manuscripts for publication in the Journal of Transport and Land Use. Careful preparation of your manuscript will avoid many potential problems and delays in the publication process and help ensure that your work is presented accurately and effectively. The guidelines cover the following major areas of manuscript preparation and editorial policy: 1. Preparing text 2. Preparing graphics and tables 3. Documentation (citations and references) 4. Data availability 5. Copyright and licensing 1 Preparing text 1.1 Style guides The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), 6th ed. is the standard editorial reference for the Journal; it contains comprehensive guidelines on style and grammar. In addition to the printed edition, APA resources are available online at www.apastyle.org. 1.2 Software and file formats Initial submissions of articles for consideration must be made in PDF format. All submissions must be typed, double spaced, and in 12 point Times font or equivalent. Accepted manuscripts provided for typesetting: after authors have made any modifications requested by the editorial board, a new electronic copy of the article is required for typesetting. The following text formats are acceptable: • Microsoft Word or OpenOffice Word documents are preferred. • Unicode text: Unicode is a text encoding system that can represent many more characters (including accented characters and typographic symbols) than standard ASCII text. Many word processors, including recent versions of Microsoft Word, can save documents as Unicode text. The UTF-8 or UTF-16 encoding schemes are acceptable. -
BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE Proměnnost Ultrafialového Spektra Dvojhvězdy
MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Přírodovědecká fakulta Ústav teoretické fyziky a astrofyziky BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE Proměnnost ultrafialového spektra dvojhvězdy Cygnus X-1 Caiyun Xia Vedoucí bakalářské práce: prof. Mgr. Jiří Krtička, Ph.D. Brno 2015 Bibliografický záznam Autor: Caiyun Xia Přírodovědecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Ústav teoretické fyziky a astrofyziky Název práce: Proměnnost ultrafialového spektra dvojhvězdy Cygnus X-1 Studijní program: Fyzika Studijní obor: Astrofyzika Vedoucí práce: prof. Mgr. Jiří Krtička, Ph.D. Akademický rok: 2014/2015 Počet stran: viii+45 Klíčová slova: rentgenové dvojhvězdy, černé díry, horké hvězdy, Cygnus X-1 Bibliografický záznam Autor: Caiyun Xia Prírodovedecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Ústav teoretickej fyziky a astrofyziky Názov práce: Premennosť ultrafialového spektra dvojhviezdy Cygnus X-1 Študijný program: Fyzika Študijný obor: Astrofyzika Vedúci práce: prof. Mgr. Jiří Krtička, Ph.D. Akademický rok: 2014/2015 Počet strán: viii+45 Kľúčové slová: röntgenové dvojhviezdy, čierne diery, horúce hviezdy, Cygnus X-1 Bibliografic Entry Author: Caiyun Xia Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Title of Thesis: The variability of ultraviolet spectrum of Cygnus X-1 binary Degree Programme: Physics Field of Study: Astrophysics Supervisor: prof. Mgr. Jiří Krtička, Ph.D. Academic Year: 2014/2015 Number of Pages: viii+45 Keywords: X-ray binaries, black holes, hot stars, Cygnus X-1 Poďakovanie Na tomto mieste by som sa chcel poďakovať vedúcemu mojej bakalárskej práce prof. Mgr. Jiřímu Krtičkovi, Ph.D. za odborné rady, čas venovaný oprave mojej práce, za pomoc a ochotu pri riešení problémov a navedenie k tej správnej ceste. Ďalej by som sa chcel poďakovať všetkým tým, ktorí si moju bakalársku prácu prečítali a pomohli mi s gramatickou a štylistickou úpravou práce. -
File Format Guidelines for Management and Long-Term Retention of Electronic Records
FILE FORMAT GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT AND LONG-TERM RETENTION OF ELECTRONIC RECORDS 9/10/2012 State Archives of North Carolina File Format Guidelines for Management and Long-Term Retention of Electronic records Table of Contents 1. GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................. 3 2. DESCRIPTION OF FORMATS RECOMMENDED FOR LONG-TERM RETENTION ......................... 7 2.1 Word Processing Documents ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 PDF/A-1a (.pdf) (ISO 19005-1 compliant PDF/A) ........................................................................ 7 2.1.2 OpenDocument Text (.odt) ................................................................................................................... 3 2.1.3 Special Note on Google Docs™ .......................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Plain Text Documents ................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Plain Text (.txt) US-ASCII or UTF-8 encoding ................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Comma-separated file (.csv) US-ASCII or UTF-8 encoding ........................................................... 7 2.2.3 Tab-delimited file (.txt) US-ASCII or UTF-8 encoding .................................................................... 8 2.3 -
Spies and Shuttles
Spies and Shuttles University Press of Florida Florida A&M University, Tallahassee Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers Florida International University, Miami Florida State University, Tallahassee New College of Florida, Sarasota University of Central Florida, Orlando University of Florida, Gainesville University of North Florida, Jacksonville University of South Florida, Tampa University of West Florida, Pensacola SPIE S AND SHUTTLE S NASA’s Secret Relationships with the DoD and CIA James E. David Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C., in association with University Press of Florida Gainesville · Tallahassee · Tampa · Boca Raton Pensacola · Orlando · Miami · Jacksonville · Ft. Myers · Sarasota Copyright 2015 by Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper All photographs courtesy of the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. This book may be available in an electronic edition. 20 19 18 17 16 15 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data David, James E., 1951– author. Spies and shuttles : NASA’s secret relationships with the DOD and CIA / James David. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8130-4999-1 (cloth) ISBN 978-0-8130-5500-8 (ebook) 1. Astronautics—United States —History. 2. Astronautics, Military—Government policy—United States. 3. United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration—History. 4. United States. Department of Defense—History. -
Abundances 164 ACE (Advanced Composition Explorer) 1, 21, 60, 71
Index abundances 164 CIR (corotating interaction region) 3, ACE (Advanced Composition Explorer) 1, 14À15, 32, 36À37, 47, 62, 108, 151, 21, 60, 71, 170À171, 173, 175, 177, 254À255 200, 251 energetic particles 63, 154 SWICS 43, 86 Climax neutron monitor 197 ACRs (anomalous cosmic rays) 10, 12, 197, CME (coronal mass ejection) 3, 14À15, 56, 258À259 64, 86, 93, 95, 123, 256, 268 CIRs 159 composition 268 pickup ions 197 open flux 138 termination shock 197, 211 comets 2À4, 11 active longitude 25 ComptonÀGetting effect 156 active region 25 convection equation tilt 25 diffusion 204 activity cycle (see also solar cycle) 1À2, corona 1À2 11À12 streamers 48, 63, 105, 254 Advanced Composition Explorer see ACE temperature 42 Alfve´n waves 116, 140, 266 coronal hole 30, 42, 104, 254, 265 AMPTE (Active Magnetospheric Particle PCH (polar coronal hole) 104, 126, 128 Tracer Explorer) mission 43, 197, coronal mass ejections see CME 259 corotating interaction regions see CIR anisotropy telescopes (AT) 158 corotating rarefaction region see CRR Cosmic Ray and Solar Particle Bastille Day see flares Investigation (COSPIN) 152 bow shock 10 cosmic ray nuclear composition (CRNC) butterfly diagram 24À25 172 cosmic rays 2, 16, 22, 29, 34, 37, 195, 259 Cassini mission 181 anomalous 195 CELIAS see SOHO charge state 217 CH see coronal hole composition 196, 217 CHEM 43 convection–diffusion model 213 282 Index cosmic rays (cont.) Energetic Particle Composition Experiment drift 101, 225 (EPAC) 152 force-free approximation 213 energetic particle 268 galactic 195 anisotropy 156,