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International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology A.G. Singh (2015) Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(1): 111-118 DOI: 10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12220 A Rapid Publishing Journal ISSN 2091-2609 Indexing and Abstracting CrossRef, Google Scholar, Global Impact Factor, Genamics, Index Copernicus, Directory of Open Access Journals, WorldCat, Electronic Journals Library (EZB), Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, Hamburg University, UTS (University of Technology, Sydney): Library, International Society of Universal Research in Sciences (EyeSource), Journal Seeker, WZB, Socolar, BioRes, Indian Science, Jadoun Science, Jour- Informatics, Journal Directory, JournalTOCs, Academic Journals Database, Journal Quality Evaluation Report, PDOAJ, Science Central, Journal Impact Factor, NewJour, Open Science Directory, Directory of Research Journals Indexing, Open Access Library, International Impact Factor Services, SciSeek, Cabell’s Directories, Scientific Indexing Services, CiteFactor, UniSA Library, InfoBase Index, Infomine, Getinfo, Open Academic Journals Index, HINARI, etc. CODEN (Chemical Abstract Services, USA): IJASKD Available online at: http://www.ijasbt.org Vol-3(1) March, 2015 & http://www.nepjol.info/index.php/IJASBT/index Impact factor*: 1.422 Scientific Journal Impact factor#: 3.419 Index Copernicus Value: 6.02 *Impact factor is issued by Universal Impact Factor. Kindly note that this is not the IF of Journal Citation Report (JCR). #Impact factor is issued by SJIF INNO SPACE. ForThis any paper type can of be query downloaded and/or feedback online at don’thttp://ijasbt.org hesitate to & email http://nepjol.i us at: [email protected]/index.php/IJASBT A.G. Singh (2015) Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(1): 111-118 DOI: 10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12220 Research Article SURVEY OF SOME MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT LEAFY VEGETABLES IN RUPANDEHI DISTRICT OF WESTERN NEPAL Anant Gopal Singh* Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Butwal Multiple Campus, Butwal, Nepal *Email for correspondence: [email protected], Abstract Green leafy vegetable is a major source of vitamins and micronutrients for people using only vegetarian diets rich in carbohydrates. In remote rural settlements where vegetable cultivation is not practiced and market supplies are, not organized, local inhabitants depend on indigenous vegetables, both cultivated in agricultural fields or kitchen gardens and wild for enriching the diversity of food. Knowledge of such food is part of traditional knowledge, which is largely transmitted through participation of individuals of households. The purpose of this study was to documentation of plants used as vegetables by the people of Rupandehi district of Lumbini zone of western Nepal. This paper revealed total 51 plant species belong to 45 genera under 32 Families of vascular plants. Out of 32families, 24 families belong to dicot, 4 families to monocot and 4 families belong to ferns. Key words: Green leafy vegetable; Rupandehi; Lumbini zone; Terai were consumed as vegetables (Manandhar, 2002). Most of Introduction them however, are regarded underutilized or neglected. Leafy vegetable also called greens, vegetable greens; a leafy green or salad green are plant leaves eaten as vegetable, There is no culture on the earth that has made use of plants sometime accompanies by tender petioles and shoots. Leafy for their physical, emotional and spiritual needs of the vegetables often come from short-lived herbaceous plant human life. Plants form an integral part of any society, any such as Amaranths and Spinach. Woody plants whose time. Use of plants as food, clothes, fodder, medicine, leaves can be eaten as vegetable includes Bauhinia, Ficus, timber etc. by man is since time immemorial. In remote Moringa and so on hold an important place in well-balanced rural societies where vegetable cultivation is not practiced diets. and market is not available for local inhabitants, they should be dependent on locally available plants those can used as Leafy vegetables are mainly consumed for their nutritional vegetables. Ethnic people from various tribes have been values without much consideration for their medicinal started domesticating wild edible and useful plants by trial importance. There are several varieties of these leafy and error method. That was the base of modern agricultural vegetables either in the wild state or under cultivation in practices and related research (Prescott & Prescott, 1990, rural areas. Many thousands of wild species of plant provide Scherrer et al., 2005 and Bussmann et al., 2006). important sources of protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals. This is especially true for both the poorest and the riches Consumption of green vegetables is a chief source of socio-economic groups of the people (Akhtar 2001; vitamins and micronutrients for those who are vegetarian. ICIMOD 2010; Aryal 2010). Knowledge of these edible plants is part of their traditional knowledge, which is usually transmitted by elders to Nepal is situated on the southern slopes of central younger and by participation of individuals in collection of 2 Himalayas and occupies a total area 147,181 km and its vegetable plants. Now a days, human vegetable great biodiversity is associated with the exceptional consumption is based on rather very limited number of diversity of topography, climate and agroecological crops, but in many parts of the world the use of wild plants conditions. In Nepal, between 5800 (Hara and Williams is very common (Bussmann & Sharon, 2006; Kunwar et al., 1979, Hara et al.., 1978, 1982) and 6500 species of 2006; Cavender, 2006 and Pieroni et al., 2007) flowering plants (WCMC 1994) have been estimated, about 1500, of which are considered useful (Manandhar, 2002). Cultivating and gathering indigenous vegetables for both Out of these, 651 species are economically useful including self-consumption and sale are still very common in Nepal, 440 species of wild food plants. About 200 plant species particularly in remote areas. Increased use of traditional This paper can be downloaded online at http://ijasbt.org & http://nepjol.info/index.php/IJASBT A.G. Singh (2015) Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(1): 111-118 vegetables can contribute to enhance people’s health and mm. The history on the utilization of the plant resources in standard of living as well as the economic and social status Nepal dates back to the work of Banerji (1955). In this of the food producers themselves. During food scarcity study, he documented the various food and medicinal plants periods, people from urban and rural communities heavily of eastern Nepal. After his work, some workers continued depend on gathering these vegetables from their natural the ethnobotanical study in the 60's and 70's (Dobremez, habitats (Manandhar, 1982). Besides gathering vegetables 1976; Pandey, 1964). The reports on uses of plants by from the wild, their cultivation in home-gardens plays an different Nepalese ethnic groups have been recorded only important role towards household food and nutritional onwards 80's (Coburn, 1984; Bhattarai, 1989, 1990, 1991, security. 1992, 1993; Joshi and Edington, 1990; Manandhar 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993a,b, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999; Mueller- Vegetables are the edible plants or plant parts such as roots, Boeker, 1993; Pohle, 1990; Shrestha, 1985; Shrestha and rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, stems, leaves, flowers or non sweet Pradhan, 1986, Panthi and Chaudhary 2003, Joshi 2008; fruits; eaten with the main course of meal either as salted- Bhattarai et al.., 2009; Singh et al.., 2011 & 2012a and b). spiced-cooked recipe or as dessert and salads. They impart These reports documented the information of uses of plant variety of flavor and test to the diet, making it more resources. appetizing and relishing. Now a day, vegetables constitute an important part of the daily diet of millions of people all Study Area over the globe than ever before (Pandey 2008). The Terai is Rupandehi district is situated in the Western Development a flat and valuable agricultural land in the southern Nepal. Region of Nepal between 270 20’00” to 270 47’25” N It lies at an altitude of 60–300m between the Indian border latitude and 83012’16” to 83038’7” E longitude with an area and outer foothills of Siwaliks and Churia, where over 48% of 1360 km2 (CBS, 2011). The average temperature ranges of Nepal population live (CBS 2011). The region is heavily in between 120 C to 420 C and average annual rainfall is traversed by the major river systems of the country. The soil 1391mm. It is surrounded by Nawalparasi district from east, of the region is a part of alluvial-Gangetic plains including Kapilvastu district from west, hilly districts of Palpa and the Bhabar region and the alluvial fans of the Siwaliks. It Arghakhanchi from north and Mahrajganj district of Uttar exhibits the tropical type of climate. The temperature of the Pradesh (India) from south. The east, west and north sides study area ranges in between 12oC- 42oC during the coldest of the district have high potentiality of plants of month (December-January) and the hottest month (June– ethnobotanical importance like plants used as vegetable and July).The annual precipitation ranges from 1,000 to 2,500 cure of different disease. Fig. 1: Location of Rupandehi in map of Nepal (DDC, Rupandehi) This paper can be downloaded online at http://ijasbt.org & http://nepjol.info/index.php/IJASBT A.G. Singh (2015) Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(1): 111-118 The total population of this district is 708419 (District family Amaranthaceae, 3 from Brassicaceae, Profile of Rupandehi, 2010) Brahmin, Magar, Tharu, Chenopodiaceae respectively and 2 from Apiaceae, Muslim, Yadav, Chettry, Kewat, Chamar, Gurung,Newar, Liliaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Capparaceae, Kami, Teli, Kurmi, Koiri, Damai, Sonar, Thakuri are the Polygonaceae, and Ophioglossaceae. Local name of the major communities living in the district. Author visited plants given by local people are compared with the book villages and cities of Rupandehi district situated near the ‘Dictionary of Nepalese Plant Names ‘written by Shrestha foothills of Churia like Butwal municipality, Gajedi, (1998). Out of 32 families’ 24 families belonging to dicots, Rudrapur, Dudhraksh, Saljhandi, Parroha, Semlar, Motipur 4 to monocots and 4 to ferns (Fig.
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